ENEM ESSAYS WITH MAXIMUM SCORE: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF STRUCTURAL AND CONTENTUDISTIC MASSIFICATION
Structural massification; Content massification; ENEM thousand note essays.
The textual production context of the National High School Examination (ENEM) is one of the main mobilizers of the preparatory years for the candidates, including Portuguese language teaching in the final years of High School. Based on the impacts caused by the exam, the present research aims at the analytical study in the writing of thousand note essays, assuming the structural and content massification of the texts.. The research starts from the following question: how do the structural and content choices of the students as well as the use of the voice of the other influences the argumentative strategies for success in the essays note thousand of ENEM 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017? As objectives, we delimit: i) identify the structural marks that compose the texts, paying attention to those that repeat: i) identify the structural marks that make up the texts, paying attention to those that are repeated; ii) to characterize how the use and recurrence of insertion of the voice of others is used in the texts analyzed; iii) to determine, in a comparative way, the functionality of these voices inserted in the argumentative sequence of the essays; iv) investigate, based on the analysis made, how the presence of the voice of the other results in the hypothesis of massification of the arguments used by the subjects. To do so, we use the contributions of Charaudeau (2012) about the organization of argumentative texts; Authier-Revuz (1990, 2004) with the reflections of the enunciative heterogeneity shown; Adorno (1985) for the discussion on massification and Pêcheux (1995) with the position of the subject to characterize the place of the discourse of the candidates authors in the essays. The corpus is made up of 32 (thirty-two) essays distributed equally, for four years (2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017) and were obtained through the G1 website. A preliminary result shows that in all years there is a structural standardization that is not attributed in its entirety to the demands of the five competencies, as well as a recurrence of the use of the explicit insertion of the voice of others to compose the argumentative sequence. As to the question of massing the arguments, we observe that there is a recurrence of the construction of a molded and pre-established "form" of writing, so that the candidates, in the preparatory years for the exam, activate the need to shape the text and make explicit the voice of the another decisively in the mechanism of sustaining his arguments so that his texts occupy the occupy the position of essays “model”, here held with the maximum mark.