SOCIOSCIENTIFIC ISSUES IN SCIENCE TEACHING TO ENCOURAGE THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF THE PONTA DE TUBARÃO RESERVE IN MACAU/RN
Science Education. Socio-environmental Dilemmas. Didactic Sequence. Socio-scientific Issues.
Sustainable Development Reserve (SDR) is a conservation area that integrates environmental preservation with the ways of life of traditional communities. The Ponta do Tubarão SDR, created in 2003, exemplifies this model, covering 13,000 hectares in the municipalities of Macau and Guamaré, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. It is mainly inhabited by communities that depend on fishing and other related activities. However, the reality of the Ponta do Tubarão SDR is concerning, as the effects of interference from the local population, tourists, and companies are evident—such as the improper disposal of solid and liquid waste directly into the coastal environment and the degradation of mangroves, which pollutes the coastal ecosystem. In addition, activities such as fishing and aquaculture take place in the area. The presence of wind energy projects within the SDR stems from corporate interests. Other activities are marked by a variety of dilemmas: ethical, social, economic, cultural, and environmental. Reflecting on these dilemmas is essential to generate a crucial discussion: Good for whom? Bad for whom? Who is harmed? Who benefits? Presenting these questions to basic education students, especially those residing in the SDR, is essential to ensure the conservation of the natural resources that the reserve provides. This can lead to a more mindful view of the reserve, encouraging more sustainable ways to use and carry out activities without severely degrading the Ponta do Tubarão SDR. From this issue, the following question arises: "How does the methodological strategy of socio-scientific issues contribute to understanding, engagement, and the proposal of solutions to minimize the effects of human interference by students of a school within the SDR?" To answer this question, we propose the development of a didactic sequence (DS) aimed at exploring the various dilemmas of the Ponta do Tubarão SDR with elementary school students from a school located within the reserve. The socio-scientific issues (SSIs) approach will be central to the study, enabling students to engage with the socio-environmental problems of the SDR in a contextualized and critical manner. This research is qualitative in nature, focused on a case study, and will involve participant observation and questionnaires with the school’s students. Thus, the study aims to develop educational strategies (such as a comic story, knowledge mapping, and photo analysis) that can address and explore the dilemmas mentioned above and discussed in this research.