A didactic sequence of statistics for 6th year of elementary school's math teachers
Mathematics teaching. Statistics teaching. Environmental education. Didactic sequence.
The present research work is the result of a research about the mathematics teaching related to the content of the 6th year of Elementary School that involves statistics and the ways in which such contents are approached by their teachers to students at this level of education. The object of study is restricted to the construction of knowledge and skills about statistical concepts in the discipline of mathematics for 6th year of Elementary School’s classes. This delimitation is put to enable research within the space of time of the Professional Master's in Natural Sciences and Mathematics at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (PPGECNM). Our focus question is: how to build a didactic sequence that helps the mathematics teacher in the construction of the learning of statistical concepts and, at the same time, approaches notions of ecological sustainability with 6th year of Elementary School´s students? To answer this question, it was established as general objective to analyze how the didactic sequence constructed during the research can contribute to the mathematics teaching in the 6th year of Elementary School. As specific objectives, it was determined: (1) to make available to mathematics teachers a didactic sequence that that works the statistics contents, relevant to the knowledge and skills determineted for the 6th year of Elementary School, contextualized with knowledge about education and awareness environmental; (2) to publicize the didactic sequence, the Educational Product resulting from this professional master's final work, for use in mathematics teaching. As research methodology, this study was developed with a qualitative approach and was divided in two stages: (1) bibliographic research about the approach to the statistics content in the mathematics discipline, as well about Environmental Education to raise the theoretical framework that will enable the use of environment and sustainability's notions as a context in the development of an Educational Product (requisite to be fulfilled by anyone who is doing a professional master's degree); (2) construction, application and evaluation of an Educational Product that comprises a didactic sequence that contextualizes the teaching of statistics contents for 6th year of Elementary School with environmental knowledge. For the application of the Educational Product, it used the technique of participant observation and for evaluation, it will use a closed questionnaire that will be answered by the research participants (initial and continuing education's teachers). In conclusion, as preliminary result of the bibliographic research, it was found that the teaching of statistics content is usually reproduced mechanically and without considering the construction of critical thinking in the act of reading and interpreting the data, facts that do not comply with the didactic reference established by the norms of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) for the development of school studies on statistics in the area of mathematics. In addition, it was found that the Federal Constitution and Law n. 9,795/1999, when talk about Environmental Education, treat it as mandatory in the choice and management of pedagogical strategies for all disciplines, including, therefore, mathematics. This findings presents a broad need for the development of materials that meet this determination and reinforces the importance of the our Educational Product proposal of the construction and wide dissemination of this study.