Functional-constructionist analysis of sub-schematic pattern [PERTO DE X]
Usage-Based Functional Linguistics; construction; perto de X.
We investigate, in this dissertation, the sub-schema [PERTO DE X] in Brazilian Portuguese, which licenses constructs such as "perto do aeroporto", "perto dos 30", and "perto do que tem na loja", among others. We aim to analyze the formal and functional aspects of the usage instances of this subschematic pattern. Our theoretical support is the Usage-Based Functional Linguistics (LFCU, in Portuguese), according to Furtado da Cunha, Bispo, and Silva (2013), Bispo and Lopes (2022), and Rosário and Oliveira (2016). In this regard, the study also incorporates contributions from Construction Grammar, particularly those of Croft (2001), Goldberg (2003, 2006), and Traugott and Trousdale (2013), among others. The methodology adopted is quali-quantitative, and the database employed — comprising oral and written texts — belongs to a dataset compiled by Oliveira (2016) and Dall’Orto (2018), made available by the Núcleo de Pesquisa em Abordagem Construcional (NUPACT). The results indicate that the usage instances of [PERTO DE X] primarily convey the semantics of concrete space as their prototypical value, which expands into virtual space and other more abstract meanings, such as temporal, estimative, comparative, and remote possibility senses. This expansion occurs through an analogical process in which a relation of physical spatial location is reinterpreted in terms of other domains of human experience, establishing parallels between the concrete and the abstract. Underlying this analogical process are metaphorical projections, which allow time, quantity, and even probability to be conceived as entities that can be spatially located in terms of proximity/distance. Furthermore, metonymic projections also operate in the uses of the investigated subschema, based on the contiguity relations between human experiences encoded in the X slot. From a formal perspective, the study attests that this slot may be filled by two syntagmatic categories, with the lexical noun phrase being the most recurrent. In terms of constructional properties, [PERTO DE X] is partially schematic, partially compositional, and highly productive.