INFLUENCE OF THE RAPID WEIGHT LOSS AND REGAIN PROCESS ON SLEEP PATTERNS IN MIXED MARTIAL ARTS ATHLETES
Sleep Pattern; Physical Training; Dehydration; Physical Performance
Introduction:
Rapid weight loss (RWL), followed by rapid weight regain (RWR), is a widely adopted strategy among mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes aiming to meet weight class requirements and gain a competitive advantage. Consolidated evidence from an integrative review demonstrates that these practices are associated with significant impairments in muscle strength, endurance, cognition, postural balance, and reaction time, with limited physiological recovery even after rehydration. However, most available studies have been conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, which do not reflect the actual competitive environment. Objective: To integrate the findings of an integrative literature review with data obtained from an experimental study conducted with MMA athletes in real competitive settings, investigating the effects of RWL and RWR on sleep patterns, physical performance, and cognitive performance. Methods: The integrative review included 12 studies published between 2016 and 2023, involving 416 combat sport athletes. Variables such as neuromuscular performance, balance, cognition, fatigue, post-weigh-in recovery, and physiological markers were analyzed. In parallel, a descriptive observational study was conducted with 20 professional MMA athletes (both male and female), aged 18 years or older, assessed at six time points throughout the competitive cycle, including the Natal Fight and Macaíba Fight events. The instruments used included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance, wrist actigraphy, Stroop test, isometric lower limb strength test, sleep questionnaires (Pittsburgh and Epworth), the DALDA stress questionnaire, and 24-hour dietary recall.