Banca de DEFESA: ANA LUISA DOS SANTOS MEDEIROS

Uma banca de DEFESA de MESTRADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : ANA LUISA DOS SANTOS MEDEIROS
DATE: 25/03/2024
TIME: 14:00
LOCAL: Sessão pública realizada por meio de videoconferencia
TITLE:

Patterns in Nutrient Composition Across Different Classes of Wild Animals: A Systematic Review

KEY WORDS:

Meat. Wild animals. Nutritional composition. Food and Nutrition Security

PAGES: 100
BIG AREA: Ciências da Saúde
AREA: Nutrição
SUMMARY:

Wildmeat derived from wild animals is essential for the food security of traditional communities. However, information on the nutritional profile of these foods remains scarce. In this study, we developed a systematic review to examine the influence of different parts of the animal (muscle versus viscera) and the taxonomic class (mammals, birds, reptiles) on the nutritional composition of wildmeat. We used the PRISMA protocol to select articles from various databases, applying a quality questionnaire and a concordance analysis (Fleiss' Kappa = 1.00) to ensure the robustness of the included studies. Artificial intelligence techniques (K-Nearest Neighbors) were employed to estimate unreported nutritional values in 22 selected articles, covering 33 animal species and 10 essential nutrients (macronutrients and minerals). Considering the nature of the data, we conducted parametric or non-parametric tests, adopting a p-value of 0.05 to determine the statistical significance of the results and, finally, in cases of significant differences, we proceeded with post hoc tests. Our results reveal significant variations in the nutritional composition between different body parts and among animal classes. For example, reptile viscera have more than double the lipid content (p = 0.0486) and triple the iron content (p = 0.00000) compared to muscles. In the case of mammals, the viscera contain five times more omega 6 (p = 0.0000000153) and selenium (p = 0.0000114), four times more iron and manganese (p = 0.00000 and p = 0.00000000272, respectively), and almost double the zinc (p = 0.000232) compared to muscles. We also observed differences in nutritional composition among classes, highlighting the lipid content in birds, which is over 90% higher than that found in mammal muscles (p = 0.000327) and 20% higher than in reptiles (p = 0.0376); zinc in mammals, with values more than 100% higher than in birds (p-value = 0.00192); and selenium in reptiles, exceeding birds by more than 400% (pvalue = 0.00379). However, we did not identify a significant difference in iron content between mammals and birds, which may be attributed to the method of slaughtering birds rather than to physiological aspects of the class. We conclude that wildmeat, in the context of populations that consume this food, should be treated as a relevant resource both in terms of access, in relation to the concept of food security, and in terms of utilization, given its nutritional quality. This study not only fills a gap in the comprehensive nutritional profile of wildmeat but also introduces, for the first time in the context of analyzing this resource, a methodology for handling missing data (K-Nearest Neighbors), offering an analytical solution to address data scarcity, considering the ethical and legal dilemmas in wildlife analysis. The conclusions of this work can guide nutritional aspects in food security policies, as well as wildlife management decisions in conservation policies, seeking a balance between conservation and subsistence. 

COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
Externo à Instituição - André Pinassi Antunes
Interna - 3211846 - KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO
Presidente - 3859825 - MICHELLE CRISTINE MEDEIROS JACOB