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PPGNUT PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM NUTRIÇÃO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE Phone: Not available E-mail: Not available https://posgraduacao.ufrn.br/ppgnut

Dissertations/Thesis

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2025

	Dissertations
1	ASLAN COSTA TRAJANO EVALUATION OF TOXICITY AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING EXTRACT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM CANTALOUPE MELON (Cucumis melo L.) IN ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) Advisor : THAIS SOUZA PASSOS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS DENIS BROOCK ROSEMBERG FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Jan 30, 2025 Show Abstract Phenolic compounds (PCs) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and are sensitive to environmental conditions, compromising their functionality. Nanoencapsulation aims to increase the stability and bioactive potentiation of these compounds. Toxicological investigation of plant extracts and new materials is crucial and should precede the evaluation of functional properties to minimize harmful effects. This study evaluated the toxicity and antioxidant potential of the crude extract of phenolic compounds from Cantaloupe melon (free - CEPC and nanoencapsulated - EPWC) in zebrafish. Encapsulation was performed by nanoprecipitation in anti-solvent (acetone), using concentrated whey protein (1 crude extract: 4 encapsulating agent w/w) and Tween 80. Acute toxicological screening was performed in zebrafish's embryonic and adult phases exposed to concentrations (25–400 mg/L) of CEPC and EPWC. The antioxidant potential in the brains of animals in their adult phase was also evaluated. CEPC and EPWC showed 50% inhibitory activity (IC50) of the ABTS+ radical at 1.64 (0.14) and 1.10 (0.02) mg/mL, respectively, suggesting the potentiation of the antioxidant activity in EPWC (7-fold). For embryos, the estimated mean lethal concentration (LC50) of CEPC and EPWC was 231.2 (35.9) mg/L and 233.8 (25.4) mg/L, respectively. For adult fish, it was impossible to estimate the LC50; however, signs of sub-lethality were evident at doses ≥ 100 mg/L. The neurobehavioral evaluation showed that anxiety-like behavior may have been bidirectionally modulated so that the lowest (25 mg/L) and highest (400 mg/L) doses may be indicative of an anxiogenic effect or even nullify the anxiolytic effect promoted by medium doses. Evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brains of the animals indicated a significant reduction in free radicals in the EPWC group compared to the control (p < 0.05). The results suggest the safe application of CEPC and EPWC at doses < 100 mg/L, with a more pronounced antioxidant effect of EPWC, suggesting a redox modulation of the nanoformulation.
2	THALES DANIEL OLIVEIRA DE LIMA E SILVA DETERMINATION OF THE NUTRITIONAL PROFILE OF WILD ANIMAL MEAT CONSUMED BY RIVERSIDE POPULATIONS OF THE MIDDLE SOLIMÕES, AMAZONAS Advisor : JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM SAVIO MARCELINO GOMES Data: Feb 4, 2025 Show Abstract The Amazon region is renowned for its rich biodiversity, and the riverside populations living along its rivers play a critical role in maintaining the region’s ecological balance due to their intrinsic connection with the forest. A diet based on fish and wild game meats is fundamental to food security for these communities, providing essential proteins and nutrients, particularly for adult women and children. However, the scientific literature lacks comprehensive data on the nutritional composition of these meats, hindering studies and nutritional interventions in this context. This study aimed to characterize the macronutrient content of wild game meats consumed by the riverside population of the middle Solimões region of Amazonas. Samples were collected by convenience sampling from three reserves managed by the Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development: Tefé National Forest Reserve, Amanã Reserve, and Mamirauá Reserve. A total of 93 samples were analyzed, including 58 from mammals, 23 from birds, and 12 from reptiles. Muscle tissue samples were subjected to proximate composition analysis using official methods established by the Association of Official Analytical Collaboration (AOAC). The data were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Parametric data were analyzed via analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test, while non-parametric data were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test, with a significance level of P < 0.05. The protein content did not significantly differ between the groups (F(2, 22) = 1.905, p = 0.173), with mean values per 100 g of 22.46 (1.54), 23.29 (1.82), and 22.28 (2.69) for mammals, birds, and reptiles, respectively. Ash content was determined as 1.24 (0.46), 1.29 (0.10), and 1.11 (0.22) per 100 g of meat for mammals, birds, and reptiles, respectively, without statistical significance (H(2) = 5.6672; p = 0.0588). Lipid content was found to be 6.06 (1.83), 5.79 (1.50), and 6.13 (5.28) per 100 g of meat for mammals, birds, and reptiles, respectively, also with no statistical significance (H(2) = 3.0085; p = 0.2222). When comparing the nutritional profile of wild game meats from mammals, birds, and reptiles with that of commonly consumed meats, the findings suggest a high degree of nutritional similarity, particularly in protein content. These meats can be considered excellent nutritional sources. The data obtained in this study will support future research and serve as a foundation for strategies aimed at promoting food and nutritional security. Notably, the quantification of previously unassessed wild game species from the Amazon biome provides critical information that positions these meats as a valuable resource in combating maternal and child malnutrition in isolated communities of the region.
3	JHENNIFER VITÓRIA GOMES SILVA Association between Vitamin D Status and Components of Metabolic Syndrome: Brazuca Natal Study and Brazuca Natal Post-COVID-19 Study. Advisor : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSIANE STELUTI MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA Data: Feb 24, 2025 Show Abstract Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a group of risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, with high global and national prevalence. Among the causal factors, inadequate nutrient intake and vitamin D deficiency stand out. The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened these conditions by negatively impacting eating habits and sunlight exposure, with potentially prolonged effects. In light of this, this study aims to examine the association between vitamin D status and MS components in the Brazuca Natal Study and the Brazuca Natal Post-COVID-19 Study. Both studies have a population-based, cross-sectional design. The Brazuca Natal Study began data collection in 2019 but was interrupted in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Brazuca Natal Post-COVID-19 Study was initiated in 2023 and completed in 2024, involving adults and elderly individuals of both sexes living in Natal. Socioeconomic data, food consumption, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, sunlight exposure, and nutritional biomarkers related to MS and vitamin D status were collected in three stages: face-to-face interviews, biological sample collection, and two dietary recalls.We initially assessed the prevalence of inadequate dietary intake of micronutrients in the Brazuca Natal Study, stratified by age group and income, primarily focusing on vitamin D intake among the study population. The results indicated high prevalences of inadequacy (>50%) before the pandemic in the consumption of calcium, vitamins B6, D, and E in adults and elderly individuals of both sexes, as well as magnesium in elderly men, and selenium and thiamine in adult and elderly women. The highest prevalence of inadequacy (>80%) was observed for vitamins D and E in all groups, with vitamin D inadequacy exceeding 95% regardless of sex and age group. We found that the prevalence of inadequacy varied according to income level, depending on the specific micronutrient.Next, we assessed vitamin D status in relation to MS components and sunlight exposure in both studies. The analysis showed a significant association between total and HDL cholesterol and vitamin D deficiency in the Brazuca Natal Study (p<0.05). In the Brazuca Natal Post-COVID-19 Study, these associations were not observed. Fasting blood glucose was associated with vitamin D deficiency only in the Brazuca Natal Post-COVID-19 Study (p<0.05).We conclude that the population evaluated has a high prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy, with an emphasis on vitamin D, in addition to associations between its deficiency and changes in MS components, which vary between the Brazuca Natal and Brazuca Natal Post-COVID-19 studies.
4	LAISE MAYARA BARROS DE OLIVEIRA Evaluation of nutritional intervention in patients with cancer in the gastrointestinal tract Advisor : SANCHA HELENA DE LIMA VALE COMMITTEE MEMBERS : SANCHA HELENA DE LIMA VALE SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA AYANE CRISTINE ALVES SARMENTO CAMILA XAVIER ALVES Data: Mar 20, 2025 Show Abstract Cancer is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal and disordered cell growth that tends to invade neighboring tissues and organs. Patients undergoing surgical resection have malnutrition as a risk factor for postoperative complications. When dietary advice is ineffective, supplements help meet the patient's nutritional needs. The use of supplements with immunomodulatory nutrients such as arginine, glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids, and nucleotides helps modulate inflammation and increases protein synthesis after surgery. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional intervention using immunomodulatory supplements in the postoperative period in malnourished patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract undergoing surgical treatment. This is a pragmatic clinical trial, which included 56 participants selected in an oncology unit, from June 2023 to October 2024. Data collection took place in the pre-surgical and post-surgical periods. Biochemical information was collected at the first moment and anthropometric data at both moments of the research. Participants were classified according to the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PGSA) classification; those who were classified as well-nourished (group A) were guided on nutritional care in the postoperative period, according to the institutional protocol; and participants classified as having suspected, moderate or severe malnutrition (group BC) received the same guidance plus supplementation with an immunomodulatory formula for 10 days after surgery. The collected data were recorded in a pre-designed instrument containing fields for information on nutritional status, muscle reserve and function, and clinical outcomes. Regarding biochemical data, hemoglobin and hematocrit were below the reference value for both groups. Group A showed negative mean variations and significant differences between preand post-surgery regarding weight (mean variation = -5.0; p = 0.000), BMI (mean variation = -1.7; p = 0.000) and calf circumference (mean variation = -1.8; p = 0.007). Group BC also showed negative mean variation and significant differences for the variables weight (mean variation = -2.6; p = 0.000) and BMI (mean variation = -1.4; p = 0.000); however, it was noted that group BC showed less loss when compared to group A, in an average period of 22 days. Adherence to the supplement in malnourished patients promoted less weight loss, less variation in BMI, arm circumference, calf circumference and handgrip strength when compared to the group classified as well-nourished evaluated pre- and post-surgery. These findings highlight the importance of nutritional intervention in the treatment and nutritional status of patients with cancer in the gastrointestinal tract
5	ANA MÁRCIA SOARES FERNANDES XAVIER Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adherence to dietary guide recommendations for the Brazilian population and quality of life for adults and the elderly Advisor : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KAMILA TIEMANN GABE CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA LIGIA REJANE SIQUEIRA GARCIA NILA PATRÍCIA FREIRE PEQUENO Data: Mar 20, 2025 Show Abstract In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and on 5 May 2023 declared the end of the public health emergency related to the disease. During the pandemic, Brazil adopted social distancing measures to reduce the spread of the new virus. This context triggered changes in the population's dietary practices, both positive and negative. In Brazil, the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population is the document that guides dietary practices, which can influence the perception of each person's quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study is to identify adherence to the Food Guide and its association with quality of life in adults and the elderly, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In both studies, data was collected using a questionnaire on the Epicollect platform5, in the period 2019-2020 in the cross-sectional study and 2023-2024 in the cohort, containing sociodemographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric nutritional status, dietary practices, QOL, and self-reported COVID-19 variables in the cohort. A multidimensional scale was used to analyse adherence to the Food Guide, resulting in the classifications ‘low’, ‘low/medium’, ‘medium’ and ‘high’. QoL was analysed using the WHOQOL-BREF scale. Descriptive analyses were carried out for the quantitative variables and Pearson's chi-square or McNemar's test for the categorical variables. Poisson regression was used in the cross-sectional study to check for associations between independent variables and low QoL. In the cohort, logistic regression was carried out to verify the association between independent variables and worsening QoL. The cross-sectional study found that living in the north and east of Natal-RN and being born female significantly increased the likelihood of low QoL. Those with low (PR = 2.51; 95%CI 1.59-3.96) and medium (PR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.07-2.35) adherence to the Food Guide were also more likely to have low QoL. In the cohort, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in QoL and in the frequency of categories of adherence to the Food Guide between pre- and post-pandemic, but there was a significant difference (increase in the frequency of agreement and decrease in disagreement) in the adoption of undesirable dietary practices (predominantly those involving consumption of ultra-processed foods) between the two moments of the study. After the pandemic, people with per capita income in the 1st tercile and 2nd tercile had a 0.02 chance of worsening their overall QoL (adjusted OR = 0.02; p = 0.003) and (adjusted OR = 0.02; p = 0.004), respectively. In the cross-sectional study, it was concluded that adults and elderly people with low adherence to the Dietary Guidelines have a higher prevalence of low QoL, and in the cohort, the population started to adopt eating habits that can lead to health problems, in addition to per capita income having a significant association with reducing the likelihood of worsening QoL after the pandemic. The findings indicate the need for public policies in the field of nutrition, which in turn reflect on other individual and social aspects.
6	RAYANE FELIPE DE FRANCA Association of ultra-processed food consumption with the antioxidant profile of breast milk and diet: a cross-sectional study Advisor : KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA MARA DE OLIVEIRA SILVA ILLANA LOUISE PEREIRA DE MELO KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES Data: Mar 24, 2025 Show Abstract Ultra-processed foods (UPF) tend to have a high oxidative capacity, contributing to the triggering of inflammatory processes and the emergence of related diseases. However, the impact of UPF consumption on the antioxidant profile of women during lactation is still unknown. Knowing that breastfeeding is essential for the healthy development of the child, providing growth factors, nutrients and a powerful antioxidant capacity via breast milk, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between UPF consumption and the antioxidant profile of breast milk and the diet of 136 lactating women treated in primary health care in the city of Natal-RN, with a median of 66 days postpartum. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFRN (CAAE 29928420.7.0000.5292). Socioeconomic and health identification information, anthropometric measurements, 24-hour recalls (R24h) adapted to the New Classification and aliquots of breast milk from a single breast were collected. To determine the antioxidant markers of breast milk, the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were analyzed using commercial kits by plate reading, as well as the quantification of alpha-tocopherol by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. The theoretical estimate of vitamin E supply via analyzed milk (4 mg of vitamin E in 780 mL per day) was also evaluated. Food consumption was evaluated according to the caloric participation of UPF in the diet (% EAUP) and the antioxidant profile of the diet according to the dietary intake of vitamin E (mg/day and mg/1000 kcal) and total antioxidant capacity of the diet (CATd mmol/day). Lactating women were grouped into tertiles of %EAUP. The association between UPF consumption (kcal) and markers of antioxidant profile in milk and diet were confirmed by adjusted multiple linear regression models. UPF accounted for almost 1/4 (24.3%) of dietary calories and it was observed that women in the highest tertile of %EAUP had higher intake of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and fibers with significant difference and total antioxidant capacity of the diet (p<0.05). In breast milk, the alpha-tocopherol concentration had a median of 151.4 (Q1-Q3 101.0-258.0) μg/dL and 77.8% of the milks studied did not theoretically reach 4 mg/day of vitamin E. The SOD enzyme obtained a mean of 0.2 (0.1) U mg-1 and Catalase a median of 60.1 (Q1-Q3 10.6-60.1) U mg-1. With the adjusted linear regression analysis, a positive relationship was identified between UPF consumption (kcal) and SOD concentration (β = 0.00 95% CI -0.00-0.00 p<0.007), as well as with CATd (β = 0.01 95% CI 0.00-0.02 p<0.001). In the study population, higher UPF consumption affected an antioxidant marker in breast milk, and it is important to avoid its consumption during lactation to avoid inducing a pro-oxidant status of human milk. The relationship between UPF and dietary antioxidant capacity suggests that the CATd instrument needs to consider food processing for this purpose.
7	DANNA CALINA NOGUEIRA E SILVA Assessment and Survival Predictions of the PROtocol for NuTritional risk inOncology (PRONTO) Advisor : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH SARA MARIA MOREIRA LIMA VERDE SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA Data: Mar 24, 2025 Show Abstract Introduction: Cancer is a complex disease characterized by the irregular growth of malignant cells and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It causes metabolic changes, often resulting in nutritional deficits, such as malnutrition. Approximately 20% of cancer patients die from malnutrition and associated complications, not from the disease itself. Therefore, early identification of nutritional risk contributes to monitoring the nutritional status of the disease and can reduce the risk of negative adverse events. Objective: To evaluate the performance and predictive value of the nutritional risk protocol in oncology (PRONTO) for the identification of nutritional risk in cancer patients. Methods: The study is a secondary analysis of a cohort with prospective data collection, which assessed cancer patients in a hospital environment at the Onofre Lopes University Hospital - HUOL, of both sexes, aged over 20 years. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected (weight and height to calculate body mass index - BMI). Nutritional risk was assessed using the reduced version of the Self-Produced Global Subjective Assessment (ASG-PPP) and the Protocol for Nutritional Risk in Oncology (PRONTO). Patients were followed up to assess immortality outcomes at 6 and 12 months. To verify the concurrent validity of PRONTO for assessing nutritional risk, accuracy metrics were calculated and Cox regression analysis was conducted to verify the association between the outcomes of interest and the presence of nutritional risk in order to test its predictive validity. Results: A total of 390 patients were evaluated. They were elderly (45.6%), female (53.6%), with solid tumors (89%) and advanced stages of the disease (42.3%). Approximately half of the sample underwent chemotherapy treatment only (39.5%). The frequency of nutritional risk was higher using the PRONTO tool when compared to the ASG-PPP (84.4% vs 76.4%, respectively). The classification of nutritional risk according to PRONTO showed moderate accuracy in identifying patients at nutritional risk (AUC 0.76, 95% CI 0.68 - 0.79), high sensitivity (95.3%) and positive predictive value (86.3%) obtained, low specificity (51.1%) and low negative predictive value (77.7%). The risk status identified by PRONTO was an independent and satisfactory predictor of mortality at 6 and 12 months (adjusted HR 2.96, 95% CI 1.05 to 8.32, adjusted HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.20 to 6.63). Conclusion: The PRONTO tool showed satisfactory accuracy, characterized by high sensitivity and high positive predictive value, demonstrating its potential as a viable alternative for routine clinical practice. In addition, the nutritional risk identified by PRONTO proved to be a significant predictor of mortality at 6 and 12 months in cancer patients.
8	ANA KAROLINY XAVIER DE GOIS SILVA Effect of hyperalimentation and trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds on the occurrence of behavior disorder in obese zebrafish Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA CAROLINA LUCHIARI ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS ANA LUISA PIRES MOREIRA RICHELE JANAINA ARAUJO MACHADO Data: Mar 25, 2025 Show Abstract Excessive food consumption is recognized as a risk factor for obesity, a chronic and multifactorial condition. With diagnosis, in addition to lifestyle changes, obesity treatment includes the use of medications, which, in combination with the adoption of new eating habits, can help sustain weight loss. The trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (TTI) is known for its satietogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been shown to be a candidate for evaluation in the treatment of obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperalimentation and TTI in triggering behavioral disorders in obese zebrafish. Thus, the isolation of TTI and its characterization regarding molecular mass and antitryptic activity were initially reproduced. Next, the effect of feeding Artemia sp., offered in different quantities in the presence and absence of TTI, on triggering anxiety-like behavior (new tank test), social behavior (school preference test) and acute stress (conspecific alarm substance exposure test) in obese zebrafish was evaluated. Zebrafish (N=60) with obesity, hyperfed (OH) (Artemia sp.: 120 mg wet weight/fish/day) and normal-fed eutrophic (EN) (Artemia sp.: 75 mg wet weight/fish/day) were compared regarding behavioral disorder aspects. Furthermore, during the 10 days of the experiment, obese fish were treated with TTI (25 mg/L) (OH+TTI, n=15), remaining hyperfed, and with TTI (25 mg/L), while being normofed (ON+TTI, n=15). On the 11th day of the experiment, assessments were carried out and all behaviors were recorded using a Logitech HD Webcam, and the videos were analyzed using the ANY-maze software. Significant differences were observed in the anxiety type test, in the average moving speed parameter between the fish in the OH and OH+TTI groups (p=0.01), as well as between the ON and OH+TTI animals (p=0.01), in addition to differences in the time at the top parameter, between the fish in the EN and OH+TTI groups (p= 0.03). In the acute stress test generated by alarm, a significant difference was observed in the immobile time parameter between the fish in the EN and OH+TTI groups (p=0.01). In the sociability test, the difference was between animals in the EN and ON+TTI groups (p=0.01), in the average speed parameter. It is concluded that not enough changes were observed to indicate the triggering of anxiety, sociability and acute stress behavior, influenced by overfeeding with Artemia sp. or by TTI in zebrafish with obesity, since significant differences were isolated, occurring in one or another parameter, within each test performed. Therefore, under the conditions tested, TTI presented itself as a candidate for the treatment of obesity that did not promote the aforementioned behavioral disorders.
9	ALINE LOPES MARQUES DE SOUSA Evaluation of the effect of trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds on pancreatic lipase activity: an in vitro and in vivo study Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS ANA LUISA PIRES MOREIRA MAYARA SANTA ROSA LIMA Data: Mar 26, 2025 Show Abstract Obesity is a multifactorial disease with numerous targets for therapeutic intervention. In this context, various peptides and proteins have been the focus of research due to their ability to influence body weight regulation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (ITT) on lipase activity both in vitro and in vivo using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) animal model. To achieve this, ITT was first obtained through affinity chromatography using trypsin-Sepharose 4B. It was then characterized for its antitryptic activity, protein quantification, and molecular mass. Subsequently, an in vitro inhibition assay was performed against porcine pancreatic lipase, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and inhibition constant (Ki) of ITT against lipase were determined. The preclinical study involved diet-induced obese zebrafish. The fish were divided into five groups: eutrophic and normofed animals without treatment; obese and hyperfed animals without treatment; obese and hyperfed animals treated with Orlistat (50 mg/kg Orlistat); obese and hyperfed animals treated with ITT (25 mg/L ITT); and obese and normofed animals treated with ITT (25 mg/L ITT). After 10 days of experimentation, the groups were evaluated for lipase activity, body weight, and lipid profile. ITT (0,06mg/mL) achieved 83% lipase inhibition. Furthermore, the IC50 was estimated at 1.59 x 10⁻⁹ mol.L⁻¹, and the Ki was 2.38 x 10⁻⁸ mol.L⁻¹, indicating that ITT acts as a reversible non-competitive inhibitor. In the in vivo experiment, results showed that neither Orlistat nor ITT inhibited lipase activity under the tested conditions. However, ITT-treated hyperfed and normofed animals showed a significant reduction in body weight compared to the control groups. Although no significant differences were observed in total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, or triglyceride levels among the groups treated with ITT or Orlistat, plasma HDL concentrations were significantly higher in the ITT-treated groups compared to all other groups. Thus, it can be concluded that ITT represents a promising strategy for the treatment of obesity and the prevention of dyslipidemias and cardiovascular diseases.
10	LAURA CARVALHEIRA DOURADO Validation of NCP-QUEST: Instrument for auditing the Nutrition Care Process in Brazil. Advisor : SANCHA HELENA DE LIMA VALE COMMITTEE MEMBERS : SANCHA HELENA DE LIMA VALE INGRID WILZA LEAL BEZERRA LUCIA LEITE LAIS ESTELA IRACI RABITO Data: Mar 26, 2025 Show Abstract The Nutrition Care Process (NCP) is a systematized and standardized process that comprises four stages to address nutritional problems and provide effective and high-quality care to individuals. To document nutrition care, a standardized language is used for each stage, called the Nutrition Care Process Terminology (NCPT). To assess the application of the NCP/NCPT, audit instruments are used, with NCP-QUEST being the most updated and validated. In 2020, in Brazil, the "Consórcio para Pesquisa e Implementação do PCN no Brasil" was created, marking the beginning of an effort to implement the NCP/NCPT in the country. Thus, the objective of this study is to translate and validate the NCP-QUEST into Brazilian Portuguese. This is a methodological study divided into three stages: (1) Translation of the NCP-QUEST into Brazilian Portuguese, carried out by the "Consórcio para Pesquisa e Implementação do PCN no Brasil"; (2) Validation of the translated content; and (3) Assessment of the instrument's reliability. Content validity was analyzed using the Content Validity Index (CVI), both for individual items (CVI-I) and for the overall instrument (CVI-G), with acceptable values of CVI-I ≥ 0.78 and CVI-G ≥ 0.90. Reliability was assessed using α-Krippendorff, percentage agreement, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with acceptable values of α-Krippendorff > 0.667 and ICC > 0.50. The CVI-I ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, and the CVI-G was 0.988 in the first round and 0.992 in the second. The reliability among evaluators, for the total score, showed an ICC of 0.964 (95% CI = 0.850 – 0.992) for average measures and 0.930 (95% CI = 0.739 – 0.983) for single measures, with an α-Krippendorff of 0.66. When evaluating the items individually, some showed a low Krippendorff’s alpha (α = -0.21). Similar results were found in other validation studies of PCN audit instruments, which also reported lower agreement on items requiring greater interpretation or assessing multiple pieces of information simultaneously. Despite this, the NCP-QUEST is considered a valid and reliable audit instrument, ensuring its applicability in the national context.
11	CLEANTHO GUILHERME GALVÃO DE LIMA Evaluation of compliance with sanitary, physicochemical, and animal welfare requirements in slaughterhouses supplying meat and meat products to federal institutes of education. Advisor : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM SAVIO MARCELINO GOMES Data: Mar 26, 2025 Show Abstract Ensuring sustainable standards of consumption and production is a goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including the promotion of sustainable public procurement by 2030. In Brazil, food procurement by public institutions represents a significant share of government purchases, making it essential to assess the potential environmental, social, and economic impacts these purchases may generate. Thus, understanding the origin and production process of food acquired by public institutions is fundamental to promoting responsible consumption and production. This study aims to identify the origin of Meat and Meat Products (MMP) purchased by Federal Institutes of Education in Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) and to evaluate the compliance with sanitary, physicochemical, and animal welfare requirements of the slaughterhouses supplying MMP to IFRN. To achieve this, an observational case study was conducted, using procurement data from MMP purchases made by IFRN through bidding processes from 2019 to 2022. Violations committed by the slaughterhouses supplying MMP identified in these bidding processes were analyzed using a database provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply (MAPA). Data from nine bidding records were obtained, covering 11 different types of MMP from 19 slaughterhouses, of which 11 were large-scale and 8 were medium scale. No small-scale slaughterhouses were present in the bidding processes analyzed. Among the MMP purchased, raw poultry meat had the highest procurement volume, with approximately 26,000 kg, followed by canned fish and raw beef, with 18,687 kg and 13,311 kg, respectively. A total of 577 violations were identified during the evaluated period, with 62% being sanitary violations, 8% physicochemical violations, and 30% related to animal welfare infractions. The data indicates that 58% of the slaughterhouses supplying MMP to IFRN during the analyzed period committed at least one type of violation. It is concluded that MMP purchased by Federal Institutes mainly originates from large-scale slaughterhouses, with the most common infractions being sanitary violations. However, a considerable percentage of violations related to animal welfare were also observed. Promoting fairer public procurement requires commitment from policymakers and administrators, ensuring that bidding criteria encourage a more diverse supplier base and prevent companies that fail to comply with both sanitary and animal welfare requirements from participating in procurement processes.
12	JOSÉ DOUGLAS BERNARDINO DOMINGOS CULINARY SKILLS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: Results of the multicenter study "Nutrition is in the kitchen!" Advisor : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL RICHELE JANAINA ARAUJO MACHADO THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Mar 27, 2025 Show Abstract Culinary skills encompass the confidence, attitude, and application of individual knowledge to perform culinary tasks, ranging from menu planning and shopping to food preparation, whether the food is fresh, minimally processed, processed, or ultraprocessed. The culinary skills passed down from parents to children can promote healthier eating habits but have been declining over generations, resulting in young people demonstrating increasingly less confidence and independence in preparing their meals. This study aimed to analyze the culinary skills of university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with data collection occurring from October 2020 to March 2021, involving 3,138 students from the institutions: UFSC, UFRGS, UFRN, and UFAL. Data were collected online through a Google Forms questionnaire. Socioeconomic data, meal preparation practices, and culinary skills were gathered using the Brazilian Questionnaire for the Assessment of Culinary Skills and Healthy Eating. The median age of the students was 22 years; the majority were female (72.6%); 55.1% reported living with their parents or guardians; and 71.7% learned to cook independently, from the internet, through cookbooks, or TV shows. Most students (68.0%) demonstrated a high level of culinary skill and scored high on the questionnaire scales, except for culinary attitude, which showed a medium level (74.6%), and knowledge of culinary terms and techniques, where 50.8% had a low level. In the bivariate analysis, high culinary skill was associated with female students (69.5%); those who learned to cook through classes, courses, or school (83.3%); and those who learned to cook independently, from the internet, through cookbooks, or TV shows (74.5%). Logistic regression indicated that older age, being a student at UFRGS, having a high availability of fruits, vegetables, and greens, and high technical culinary knowledge were inversely associated with low/medium culinary skill. Conversely, participants who reported not having learned to cook independently, from the internet, through cookbooks, or TV shows showed higher odds ratios for low/medium culinary skill. The results of the study demonstrated that most students exhibited high culinary skill and that the high level of these skills was related to being female and having learned to cook independently, from the internet, through cookbooks, or TV shows; while age, being a student at UFRGS, having high availability of fruits, vegetables, and greens, and high knowledge of culinary terms and techniques were inversely associated with low/medium culinary skill. Moreover, culinary skills interventions need to focus on students who did not learn to cook independently, from the internet, through cookbooks, or TV shows, as they showed a greater likelihood of having low/medium culinary skill. Additionally, culinary workshop interventions aimed at this group should encourage male participation; promote self-learning in cooking; improve the availability of fruits, vegetables, and greens; and invest in the knowledge of culinary techniques, utilizing all resources that contribute to knowledge and learning. Studies like this serve as a foundation for developing research, planning interventions, and creating public policies focused on the student population, especially in the university environment.
13	LARISSA AIDA LEMOS DE SOUZA EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF TRYPSIN INHIBITOR ISOLATED FROM TAMARIND SEEDS ON α-AMYLASE: IN VITRO AND IN SILICO STUDIES Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS ANNA BEATRIZ SANTANA LUZ DAVI SERRADELLA VIEIRA NORBERTO DE KASSIO VIEIRA MONTEIRO Data: Mar 27, 2025 Show Abstract Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main complications resulting from obesity and constitutes a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Considering that alternatives for the control of T2DM are necessary, inhibitors of enzymes involved in the process of carbohydrate digestion may be a possibility for glycemic control in humans. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seed (Tamarindus indica L.) (ITT) on α-amylase. After confirmation of the obtaining and characterization of the ITT, the analysis of its in vitro inhibitory activity of ITT against α-amylase was performed. Then, the interaction of the theoretical ITT (ITTp 56/287) and five of its derived peptides with α-amylase, as well as their functional properties, was also evaluated in silico, through Docking and Molecular Dynamics. The Potential Energy of Interaction (EPI), the Free Energy of Binding (ΔGbinding) were also calculated and the main electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions of the peptide-α-amylase complex were described by means of three-dimensional representations (stiks). As a result, ITT presented 100% antitryptic activity and a molecular mass of approximately 21 kDa. The results of in vitro inhibition of α-amylase showed an inhibitory activity higher than 37%. These results were corroborated by computational analyses, which showed the strong interaction of the ITTp 56/287 complex and its peptides with the enzyme. The analyses of the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) (up to 0.4 nm) and the Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF) (up to 0.4 nm) showed low flexibility of the tested peptides, i.e., good stability. The EPI analysis showed -705.08 kJ/mol for DTVHDTDGQVPL and -584.11 kJ/mol for TIAPACAPKPAR and the Free Energy of Binding (ΔGbinding) of -308.44 kJ/mol and -245.22 kJ/mol, respectively, confirming the previous results. The peptide sticks highlighted the electrostatic interactions, especially salt bridge, between the main residues that interacted in the complex (DTVHDTDGQVPL, TIAPACAPKPAR e TVSQTPIDIPIGLPVR). In addition, the bioactive potential predicted two candidates with good stability, high half-life and bioactivity in an intestinal simulation environment. In short, according to the sum of findings of this study, the amino acid sequences DTVHDTDGQVPL and TIAPACAPKPAR were revealed as candidates that could, in in vitro and preclinical studies and, later, clinical studies, be tested for action against α-amylase and, consequently, hypoglycemic effect, and could become an alternative in the treatment of DM2.
14	DÁLETE ASSÍRIA DE SOUZA RIBEIRO EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ANTHROPOMETRY OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS Advisor : ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE GRASIELA PIUVEZAM SIMONE DE VASCONCELOS GENEROSO Data: Mar 28, 2025 Show Abstract Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia due to partial or severe deficiency of insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells. Previous studies have shown a relationship between the intestinal microbiota (IM) and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), sparking interest in probiotic supplementation to modulate IM and glucose metabolism in these patients, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Probiotics can influence metabolic factors and improve IM composition, possibly helping to reduce weight in patients with DM2. The objective of this review is to compile and analyze scientific evidence on the effects of probiotic supplementation on the anthropometry of patients with DM2. Methodological guidelines were followed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) statement, and the study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with reference number CRD42023480243. Randomized clinical trials were included, selected through an active search carried out in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS and Google Scholar databases using the search descriptors "intestinal microbiota", "body weight" and "metabolic diseases”. The assessment of the methodological quality of the studies was carried out using the Cochrane Collaboration instrument. The risk of bias analysis was carried out using the Revised Cochrane tool for risk of bias in randomized clinical trials (RoB 2). Probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant mean reduction of 1.95 cm in BW and 0.64 percentage points in HbA1c compared to placebo. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose in studies that showed an impact on BMI. However, no significant changes were observed in the lipid and inflammatory profile. The meta-analysis evaluated the impact of probiotic supplementation on anthropometric and glycemic variables, with no significant effect on weight and BMI. However, a reduction in PC was observed in interventions longer than 8 weeks, with differences depending on the route of administration. Supplementation did not significantly improve fasting blood glucose or HbA1c, highlighting the need for more standardized studies to better understand its effects on body composition and metabolic health.
15	EMANUELA DE LIMA VIANA CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES OF SEED AND LEAF OILS OF Moringa oleifera Advisor : CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS MARCIA REGINA DA SILVA PEDRINI MARIA GIOVANA BINDER PAGNONCELLI Data: Mar 28, 2025 Show Abstract Moringa oleifera is a plant widely recognized for its bioactive properties. It stands out as a promising source of vegetable oils extracted from its seeds and leaves since using oils for various applications has become increasingly frequent and of relevant industrial application. However, its physicochemical characteristics, bioactive properties, and cytotoxicity have not been studied much. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and bioactive properties of the seed and leaf oils of Moringa oleifera. Initially, the oils were analyzed by Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), followed by determination of the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and physicochemical characterization of the samples. The oils were analyzed using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The cytotoxicity of the oils was evaluated in vitro using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells using the 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Different fractions of the seed and leaf oils were used to determine the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and bioactive activities. Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC) concentration was evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The antioxidant activity was determined by the scavenging of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulfonic acid) radicals, and Total Antioxidant Activity (TAC). The inhibition of glucose metabolism enzymes in vitro was determined for αamylase, α-glucosidase, and amyloglucosidase. The results of the characterization and physicochemical parameters revealed that both oils have a composition rich in unsaturated fatty acids, with 70.9% for the seed oil and 70.6% for the leaf oil, with emphasis on linoleic acid, which represented 51.7% in the seed oil and 51.5% in the leaf oil. The cytotoxicity analysis revealed that the seed and leaf oils did not have a cytotoxic effect on CHO-K1 and HePG2 cells, with cell viability more significant than 70%. The methanolic fraction of the seed oil presented a TFC of 90.92 µg EAG.g-1 and in vitro antioxidant capacity of 16.82, 9.13 µmol TE.g-1, and 81.33 mg AA.g-1, according to the DPPH, ABTS and CAT assays, respectively. Regarding the leaf oil, its methanolic fraction presented a TPC of 173.18 µg EAG.g-1 and in vitro antioxidant capacity of 19.99, 11.20 µmol TE.g-1, and 56.43 mg AA.g-1 for the same tests. The integral fraction of both oils showed lower TPC values and antioxidant activity than the methanolic fractions. According to the methodology, there was no inhibition for the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella typhimurium. Still, both oils showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of 10 mg/mL. Finally, the methanolic fractions, integral fractions, and the insoluble precipitate of the oils showed in vitro enzyme inhibition activity, emphasizing the integral fraction. This fraction demonstrated the highest inhibition percentages, reaching 97.94% for α-glucosidase and 95.32% for amyloglucosidase in the seed oil. For the leaf oil, the values observed were 94.79 and 85.96%, respectively. Therefore, the results show that both oils have potential applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
16	RAYANNE OLIVEIRA LOPES Factors Related to Vitamin E Nutritional Status: Repercussions of Dietary Patterns and the COVID-19 Pandemic Advisor : KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : INGRID WILZA LEAL BEZERRA KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES MAYARA SANTA ROSA LIMA Data: Mar 28, 2025 Show Abstract Vitamin E plays an antioxidant role, contributing to the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Therefore, it is essential to identify the factors that determine its nutritional status, ranging from food consumption to health, environmental, socioeconomic, metabolic and genetic aspects, which can increase the risk of vitamin E deficiency. In this context, this study evaluated the relationship of two factors with vitamin E nutritional status: 1) the dietary pattern, assessed through a systematic review (SR) that investigated the relationship between UPF consumption and micronutrient status, with an emphasis on serum alpha-tocopherol; 2) and the COVID-19 pandemic, in a cohort study initiated before COVID-19, which aimed to evaluate the repercussions of COVID-19 on vitamin E status. The RS followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, with a protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023488818). The search was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS/SciELO, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science databases, including studies with humans that analyzed nutritional biomarkers and the relationship between UPF and micronutrients. The cohort study included 30 adult and elderly participants of both sexes from the BRAZUCA-PÓS-COVID-19 study with serum concentrations of vitamin E before and after the pandemic, in addition to socioeconomic, anthropometric and biochemical data. The concentration of alpha-tocopherol in serum was analyzed by Liquid Chromatography. Vitamin E deficiency (VED) included values ⦤ 12 µmoL/L and inadequacy < 30 µmoL/L, being corrected by the total cholesterol (TC) value (µmoL/mg). The RS identified 302 studies and, of the three eligible studies, only one was carried out to verify the relationship between UPF consumption and the vitamin E status of lactating women and identified that a higher participation of UPF in the diet was associated with a lower serum alpha-tocopherol concentration (β = –0.17, 95% CI = −0.047, −0.010). In the cohort population, a reduction in serum alpha-tocopherol levels was observed post-pandemic (from 17.7 to 10.5 µmol/L), with an increase in EVD cases from 45.8% to 54.2% (p<0.05). When adjusting alpha-tocopherol by CT (μmol/L/mg), there was a median of 0.08 and 0.51 before and after the pandemic, respectively, with a significant negative variation being observed (Δ = -0.43; p<0.001). The results point to negative outcomes of UPF and the COVID-19 pandemic on vitamin E nutritional status, suggesting that the dietary pattern and the health emergency condition are factors that impact VED in this population. These findings also reinforce the gap in the literature on vitamin E in adults and the elderly, a population susceptible to oxidative stress and micronutrient deficiency, requiring future investigations for monitoring.
17	DIEGO JOSÉ DO NASCIMENTO RABELO Valorization of umbu (Spondias tuberosa) by-product: nutritional and technological aspects of peel flour for bread development Advisor : PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSIANE ROBERTO DOMINGUES PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM RENATA ALEXANDRA MOREIRA DAS NEVES Data: Mar 28, 2025 Show Abstract Umbu (Spondias tuberosa) is a fruit from the Caatinga biome that is culturally and socioeconomically important in the developing of rural communities. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the production is primarily extractivist, intended for domestic consumption, especially in the traditional "umbuzada", and on an industrial scale for pulp manufacturing. This study aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 12 on sustainable production and consumption, emphasizing the full utilization of food and the value addition to food residues. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional and technological properties of flour obtained from umbu (Spondias tuberosa) peel, aiming at its use as an ingredient in bread production. To obtain the flour, umbu peels were dried in a ventilated oven with air circulation (55 ºC for 24h), followed by grinding in a household blender. The resulting flour was characterized by morphology, granulometry, physicochemical parameters, proximate composition, and technological properties. Subsequently, four bread formulations were developed: a standard bread without umbu peel flour, and breads containing 5%, 10%, and 15% umbu peel flour, replacing part of the wheat flour. The breads were evaluated for proximate composition and sensory attributes through acceptability testing, ideal scale analysis, and purchase intent. Umbu peel flour exhibited particle heterogeneity, with variations in size and shape, demonstrating an integral characteristic and a high fiber content. In addition to classification as fine granule flour according to the granulometry analysis. Regarding physicochemical aspects and proximate composition, notable findings included low pH (2.68 ± 0.00), high acidity (9.27 ± 0.07 g/100 g), and a high total dietary fiber content (40.45 ± 0.065 g/100 g). Its technological potential was evidenced by a high-water absorption capacity (5.08 g/g) and excellent emulsifying stability (100%). Among the bread formulations, the bread with 5% umbu peel flour had a composition similar to the standard bread, with an energy value of 317.19 kcal, whereas the bread with 15% umbu peel flour presented a lower energy value (226.1 kcal) and higher fiber content (3.13%). In sensory evaluation, acceptance decreased as the umbu peel flour concentration increased, with acceptability rates of 83.8% for the standard bread, 72.8% for the 5% formulation, 57.3% for the 10% formulation, and 46.3% for the 15% formulation. The ideal scale analysis indicated that attributes such as acidity, sweetness, and texture were the main factors penalizing the formulations with 5%, 10%, and 15% umbu peel flour. The attitude test revealed that only the standard and 5% umbu flour formulations had a positive purchase intent. Sensory acceptance was primarily limited by the acidity imparted to the breads, reinforcing the need to balance sensory attributes to improve consumer acceptance. In conclusion, the study highlighted the technological potential of umbu peel for flour production, demonstrating its viability as a functional ingredient, particularly due to its high fiber content and technological feasibility.

2024

	Dissertations
1	SUERDA ISA NASCIMENTO TEIXEIRA DIETARY INFLAMMATORY INDEX AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HEART FAILURE Advisor : KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : DIRCE MARIA LOBO MARCHIONI KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES Data: Mar 20, 2024 Show Abstract The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) has been widely studied regarding its associations with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, there are still gaps in the literature concerning factors associated with DII in individuals with heart failure (HF), particularly the impact of DII on mortality and hospitalization outcomes. This study aimed to identify DII and associated factors in outpatients with HF. A total of 124 adults and elderly individuals of both sexes diagnosed with HF were studied at the Interprofessional Heart Failure Outpatient Clinic of Onofre Lopes University Hospital. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters, as well as clinical outcomes (hospitalization and mortality) occurring over a period of up to 36 months, were evaluated. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour Dietary Recall (R24h), with an average of 3 recalls per individual, identifying dietary parameters for DII calculation. Variables were analyzed according to DII tertiles (T1: -3.427 to - 1.1866; T2: -1.1865 to -0.15643; T3: -0.15642 to 2.872). Kruskal-Wallis test was used for group comparisons, followed by Dunn's post-test. Qualitative variables were compared using the Chi-square (χ2) or Fisher's Exact test. Binomial Logistic Regression Models were used to analyze associations between DII tertiles and biochemical variables: hemoglobin, hematocrit, non-HDL cholesterol, and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP). Associations between DII and clinical outcomes (hospitalization and mortality) were observed through Cox Regression. HF individuals were predominantly male (66.1%), overweight (60.0%) and HF with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) and Mid-range (HFmrEF) (79.8%). It was observed that 13.7% of the studied population had mortality as an outcome, and 32.3% had hospitalization. It was found that 74.2% of individuals with HF had an anti-inflammatory dietary classification. In DII T3, lower concentrations of hemoglobin and us-CRP were observed compared to T1 (p=0.020 and p=0.008), and higher nonHDL cholesterol values (p=0.049). Total fiber intake, beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, garlic, and onion were lower in T3 compared to T1 and T2 (all p<0.05), whereas protein intake, vitamin B3, and phosphorus intake were higher in T3 compared to T2 (all p<0.05), and saturated fat intake was higher in T3 compared to T1 (p=0.012). Differences were identified in hemoglobin, hematocrit, non-HDL cholesterol, and us-CRP values among DII tertiles (all p<0.05). Regression models indicated only a significant association between DII and hematocrit (p=0.036). No associations were observed between DII categorized in tertiles and mortality or hospitalization outcomes (all p>0.05). In conclusion, a higher consumption of potentially anti-inflammatory diet was evidenced, along with a high frequency of hospitalization and mortality, without associations with DII.
2	JULIA CURIOSO PADOVAM Selenium status and associations with nutritional and metabolic parameters in institutionalized elderly people in the city of Natal/RN. Advisor : LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE Graziela Biude Silva Duarte LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA Data: Mar 21, 2024 Show Abstract Chronic inflammation and changes in body composition are consequences of aging, resulting in greater susceptibility to age-related diseases. Selenium (Se) is involved in metabolic processes related to muscle mass, lipid and glycemic profile and anti-inflammatory action. The functionality of Se occurs through selenoproteins, among which, selenoprotein P (SELENOP), acts in the distribution of this element in tissues, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. The study aimed to evaluate the plasma intake of Se, SELENOP and dietary Se in institutionalized elderly people and test associations with anthropometric parameters, metabolic profile and inflammatory markers. This is a cross-sectional study, carried out with 72 elderly people living in public and private Long-Term Institutions for the Elderly in Natal/RN. Anthropometric measurements comprised body mass index (BMI), calf circumference (PP) and waist circumference (WC). Daily food consumption was assessed using the direct food weighing method. Plasma Se concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and SELENOP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and triglycerides (TG) were quantified to analyze the metabolic profile. The pro-inflammatory biomarkers analyzed were ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by chemiluminescence. Comparison between variables was performed using the Chi-square test and Student's t test. Correlations between Se in plasma and SELENOP with anthropometric parameters, metabolic profile and inflammatory markers were performed using Spearman's correlation (ρ). Participants were mostly female (72%) with a mean age (SD) of 82.76 (8.55). The mean concentrations of Se in plasma and SELENOP were 93.08 μg/L (26.71) and 31.09 ng/dL (4.83), respectively, with 63.9% of the population presenting Se levels below the established cutoff point. Dietary Se intake was 72.66 μg/day (11.89). Plasma Se showed a positive correlation with BMI (ρ = 0.408, p = 0.001). Participants with plasma Se <100 μg/L showed a significant association with low weight categorized by BMI (p=0.04). The majority of participants had elevated HbA1c (65.2%). In turn, those who had lower concentrations of SELENOP had an HbA1c value greater than 5.7% (p=0.049). Selenium intake was lower in those with HbA1c greater than 6.5% (78.9%) (p=0.054). In conclusion, plasma Se was associated with low weight and SELENOP with HbA1c, as well as dietary intake, in institutionalized elderly people in the city of Natal/RN.
3	ANA CAROLINA COSTA CAMPOS MOTA Overweight and obesity and its relationship with the intestinal morphofunctional barrier and the status of vitamin E Advisor : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL RICHELE JANAINA ARAUJO MACHADO Data: Mar 25, 2024 Show Abstract Overweight and obesity are a serious public health problem and entail high costs to health systems. Changes in the intestinal morphofunctional barrier (BMI) were observed in animal models of obesity, however, few studies have evaluated this theme in humans. Vitamin E is stored in adipose tissue and appears to be related to overweight and obesity. However, some studies have shown positive associations with overweight, while others have shown negative associations. The relationships between vitamin E and BMI in the context of overweight and obesity have shown inconsistent results. This study aimed to determine the relationship between overweight and obesity with BMI and vitamin E status. An observational, quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted with data collection from September 2019 to March 2020 and November 2021 to March 2023. Sociodemographic, anthropometric data and blood and urine samples were collected. In total, 75 individuals participated in the study, 32 eutrophic (BMI < 25 kg/m²) and 43 overweight/obese (BMI > 25 kg/m²). The evaluation of intestinal permeability was performed by the lactulose/mannitol test. Serum samples of alphatocopherol were analyzed according to the method of Ortega et al (1998) and adapted by Ribeiro et al (2016). Urine and serum samples were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Correlations between BMI, BMI parameters and vitamin E were performed using the correlations of Pearson (r) and Spearman (ρ). The Lactulose/Mannitol ratio (L/M) was similar between the groups studied (p = 0.180) and presented a median of 0.028 (0.013; 0.061) in the eutrophic group and 0.020 (0.010; 0.036) in the overweight/overweight group. Serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol did not differ between the groups studied (p = 0.654). Vitamin E deficiency was present in 30.20% of overweight/obese individuals and 28.10% of eutrophic individuals. In the overweight/obese group, BMI showed positive correlations with insulin (ρ = 0.475, p = 0.000), HOMA-IR (ρ = 0.425, p = 0.005), HOMA-B (ρ = 0.609, p = 0.000) and CRP-US (ρ = 0.031). The percentage of lactulose showed a positive correlation with HDL (ρ = 0.347, p = 0.028), as well as the L/M ratio (ρ = 0.418, p = 0.008). The mannitol percentage showed a negative correlation with HDL (ρ = - 0.371, p = 0.014) and a positive correlation with fasting glucose (ρ = 0.367, p = 0.020). The results showed that there was no change in BMI function and vitamin E status in participants with overweight and obesity when compared to the eutrophic group. However, the biochemical profile variables correlated with the BMI parameters, indicating low-grade inflammation and metabolic changes resulting from overweight.
4	ANA LUISA DOS SANTOS MEDEIROS Patterns in Nutrient Composition Across Different Classes of Wild Animals: A Systematic Review Advisor : MICHELLE CRISTINE MEDEIROS JACOB COMMITTEE MEMBERS : MICHELLE CRISTINE MEDEIROS JACOB KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO André Pinassi Antunes Data: Mar 25, 2024 Show Abstract Wildmeat derived from wild animals is essential for the food security of traditional communities. However, information on the nutritional profile of these foods remains scarce. In this study, we developed a systematic review to examine the influence of different parts of the animal (muscle versus viscera) and the taxonomic class (mammals, birds, reptiles) on the nutritional composition of wildmeat. We used the PRISMA protocol to select articles from various databases, applying a quality questionnaire and a concordance analysis (Fleiss' Kappa = 1.00) to ensure the robustness of the included studies. Artificial intelligence techniques (K-Nearest Neighbors) were employed to estimate unreported nutritional values in 22 selected articles, covering 33 animal species and 10 essential nutrients (macronutrients and minerals). Considering the nature of the data, we conducted parametric or non-parametric tests, adopting a p-value of 0.05 to determine the statistical significance of the results and, finally, in cases of significant differences, we proceeded with post hoc tests. Our results reveal significant variations in the nutritional composition between different body parts and among animal classes. For example, reptile viscera have more than double the lipid content (p = 0.0486) and triple the iron content (p = 0.00000) compared to muscles. In the case of mammals, the viscera contain five times more omega 6 (p = 0.0000000153) and selenium (p = 0.0000114), four times more iron and manganese (p = 0.00000 and p = 0.00000000272, respectively), and almost double the zinc (p = 0.000232) compared to muscles. We also observed differences in nutritional composition among classes, highlighting the lipid content in birds, which is over 90% higher than that found in mammal muscles (p = 0.000327) and 20% higher than in reptiles (p = 0.0376); zinc in mammals, with values more than 100% higher than in birds (p-value = 0.00192); and selenium in reptiles, exceeding birds by more than 400% (pvalue = 0.00379). However, we did not identify a significant difference in iron content between mammals and birds, which may be attributed to the method of slaughtering birds rather than to physiological aspects of the class. We conclude that wildmeat, in the context of populations that consume this food, should be treated as a relevant resource both in terms of access, in relation to the concept of food security, and in terms of utilization, given its nutritional quality. This study not only fills a gap in the comprehensive nutritional profile of wildmeat but also introduces, for the first time in the context of analyzing this resource, a methodology for handling missing data (K-Nearest Neighbors), offering an analytical solution to address data scarcity, considering the ethical and legal dilemmas in wildlife analysis. The conclusions of this work can guide nutritional aspects in food security policies, as well as wildlife management decisions in conservation policies, seeking a balance between conservation and subsistence.
5	THUANY MATIAS DA SILVA Food: source of life or disease? Risk assessment of pesticide residue ingestion in food offered by institutional restaurants Advisor : PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM COMMITTEE MEMBERS : PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA SUZI BARLETTO CAVALLI Data: Mar 25, 2024 Show Abstract Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides in the world and its food production is dominated by agribusiness, a fact that consequently increases the use of pesticides in agriculture, with harmful effects on food systems, health, and the environment. The available data on chronic exposure to pesticides is limited, posing challenges in accurately assessing the true impact of these compounds on human health. The estimation of pesticide residue intake through food can be a tool to enhance the role of nutritionists in food services and assist in planning healthy and sustainable menus. The objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of exposure to pesticides in foods offered on menus in institutional food and nutrition units. The crosssectional, quantitative, and descriptive research analyzed 120 lunch menus, from 06 institutional restaurants, regarding the permission of active ingredients (AI) of pesticides in the foods offered, toxicological, agronomic characterization and bioaccumulation potential, in addition to the risk of exposure chronic. To evaluate the pesticides authorized in the country for use in food, data on Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) and Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) were collected from the Pesticides monographs of the National Health Surveillance Agency - ANVISA and the Codex Alimentarius base. To analyze the estimated Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (IDMT), the calculation was carried out according to the relationship between the MRL of the pesticide and the per capita quantity of the food. The IDTM was expressed in mg/kg of body weight and compared with the ADI to assess the risk of exposure. Maximum daily intake estimates were calculated considering the lunch meal and 263 active ingredients were identified, 43% insecticides, 40% fungicides, 14% herbicides, 1% nematicides and 1% acaricides, authorized for use in 40 foods. Of the residues possibly most present in the foods offered on menus, 4% are extremely toxic, 5% highly toxic and 14% moderately toxic to health. The analysis identified 42 compounds with high potential for bioaccumulation, especially those authorized in foods of animal origin. The presence of multiple pesticide residues was found in a single food, with rice, beans, wheat, potatoes, tomatoes, milk, and ultraprocessed sauce being everyday foods with the highest number of permitted pesticides. To estimate daily intake, AIs such as 2,4D, acephate, bifenthrin, carbaryl, methomyl, cypermethrin, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, glyphosate, imidachlorpid, tebuconazole and terbufos were analyzed. Our findings indicate that 99% of the active ingredients possibly present in foods are within the acceptable ADI range, however, they warn of the toxic, synergistic and cumulative effects of these substances. The insecticide methomyl possibly presented an unacceptable risk of ingestion only during the lunch meal, with average IDMT values of 0.264 mg/kg of body weight. It is concluded that there is chronic exposure to pesticides through food, particularly methomyl in beans and rice. The data reinforces the importance of monitoring pesticides in food, as well as the need for changes in food production methods to promote the acquisition of healthier and safer food for collective consumption.
6	LUCIANA KARLA MIRANDA LINS Nutritional and Hygienic Sanitary Quality of Food Produced in Public Shelters for Homeless People in the State of Rio Grande do Norte Advisor : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : INGRID WILZA LEAL BEZERRA NATÁLIA CALDEIRA DE CARVALHO NILA PATRÍCIA FREIRE PEQUENO Data: Mar 26, 2024 Show Abstract According to the Brazilian Federal Constitution, food, housing, and assistance to the destitute are part of social rights, and it is the State's duty to ensure compliance with these rights. Public shelters are spaces of reception and care that enable the realization of some of these rights, ensuring fundamental services for the homeless population such as personal hygiene, food, and shelter. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of the food purchased and the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the production process of meals in public community shelters for homeless people, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Quantitative, desc According to the Brazilian Federal Constitution, food, housing, and assistance to the destitute are part of social rights, and it is the State's duty to ensure compliance with these rights. Public shelters are spaces of reception and care that enable the realization of some of these rights, ensuring fundamental services for the homeless population such as personal hygiene, food, and shelter. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of the food purchased and the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the production process of meals in public community shelters for homeless people, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. A quantitative, descriptive, and observational field research was carried out in four public shelters located in three different municipalities in the State. The research presented two axes of investigation: the nutritional quality of food, by checking the excess of critical nutrients in purchased foods; and hygienic-sanitary quality, with verification of good handling practices through the application of a checklist based on current sanitary legislation. The results of the 4 units evaluated showed that, in relation to the excess of critical nutrients, of the total of 132 foodstuffs purchased in the units during the evaluated period, 11% corresponded to processed foods (PF) and 36% ultra-processed foods (UPF). Of the total PF and UPF, 74% had at least one critical nutrient in excess. Sodium was the most prevalent excess critical nutrient in the foods evaluated, being in excess in 48%, 53% and 39% of the foods purchased in units 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The evaluation of the hygienic-sanitary conditions of meal production showed that 3 units were classified as “bad” and 1 as “good”. Situations were observed that could pose a risk to users' health, such as the lack of temperature control during the various stages of the meal production process. Given the results, it can be concluded that the production of meals in the public shelter evaluated is in unsatisfactory hygienic-sanitary conditions and that a considerable part of the food purchased to make up the menus to be offered to users has an excess of critical nutrients. The data obtained highlights the need for more investments by public authorities to effectively promote Food and Nutritional Security for this population.
7	MARIA GABRIELA FERREIRA ROCHA SILVA Assessment of the effects of diet-induced obesity in zebrafish (Danio rerio): a comparative study Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS DENISE MORAIS LOPES GALENO PEDRO PAULO DE ANDRADE SANTOS ANNA BEATRIZ SANTANA LUZ Data: Mar 26, 2024 Show Abstract Obesity is a public health problem and understanding the mechanisms involved requires experimental models that have genetic equivalence with humans. In this work, a comparative study was carried out on dietary obesity induction models in zebrafish, evaluating complications. 200 animals were used, adults of both sexes, divided into 4 groups (n=50). Control group 1: fed with Artemia salina (15-30 mg/day/fish); Control group 2: fed with commercial fish food (3.5% of average weight); Obesity group 1: overfed with pasteurized powdered egg yolk mixed with soybean oil (5% of average weight); Obesity group 2: overfed with Artemia salina (60-120 mg/day/fish) for eight weeks. The animals were evaluated for dietary intake, caloric intake and efficiency, body mass index (BMI), behavior, biochemical and inflammatory parameters. Furthermore, visceral body fat was evaluated through morphological, stereological studies and the expression of genes related to obesity. Obesity group 2, hyperfed with Artemia salina, had higher consumption, intake and caloric efficiency. Weight gain was greater (p < 0.0001) in the two diet-induced obesity (DIO) groups compared to the control groups, especially the group with obesity 2. Blood glucose was higher for males in the obesity 1 group Insulin concentration was higher for both males in obesity groups 1 and 2. Triglyceride concentrations were higher in obesity group 1 in both sexes and they showed anxious profile behavior in the new tank test. A higher concentration of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) was observed in the group of male zebrafish with obesity induced with Artemia salina (p=0.0015), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was higher in two obesity induction groups. Gene expression demonstrated elevated inflammatory levels in the obesity induction groups in both sexes. In morphological studies, a more extensive area of adipocytes was observed, significant hepatic steatosis in obesity group 2, the one overfed by Artemia salina. The results obtained in this study are of great contribution to the scientific world, as they guide with more specificity the paths to be followed in the study of obesity in zebrafish.
8	BRUNA LUISA GOMES DE MIRANDA PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION ACCORDING TO THE GLIM CRITERIA USING DIFFERENT NUTRITIONAL RISK SCREENING TOOLS AND IT ASSOCIATION WITH MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER: A COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY Advisor : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA MARIA CRISTINA GONZALEZ Data: Mar 27, 2024 Show Abstract Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and leads to malnutrition in affected patients. It is known that 20% of patients die as a result of malnutrition and associated complications, and not from the disease itself. Therefore, risk assessment and nutritional status are imperative to correctly and early detect nutritional risk in these patients and encourage early intervention in those who need it. Nutritional screening and diagnosis tools become essential in this process. Objectives: To verify the prevalence of malnutrition according to the GLIM (Global Leadership on Malnutrition) criteria using different nutritional risk screening tools, and the association with mortality in cancer patients. Methods: The study represents a secondary analysis of a cohort with prospective data collection and assessment of cancer patients in a hospital setting. Nutritional risk screening was carried out using the Protocol for Nutritional Risk in Oncology (PRONTO), Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Nutriscore tools. The assessment of nutritional status was carried out using the criteria proposed by GLIM. Accuracy metrics were evaluated to verify the complementarity of nutritional screening with the GLIM criteria in diagnosing malnutrition, and Cox regression analysis was used to verify the association between mortality and the diagnosis of malnutrition preceded by the application of different nutritional screening tools. Results: 290 patients were evaluated, the majority of whom were elderly (60.3%), female (53.1%) and with solid tumors (89.7%). Of the total, 118 (40.7%) individuals died. The PRONTO tool identified more individuals (n = 240, 82.8%) at risk of malnutrition, compared to the others. However, like the others, it presented reduced complementarity to the GLIM criteria, taking into account specificity values (44.6%) and negative predictive value (58.0%) obtained. Regarding the risk of mortality, after adjustment for confounding variables, the presence of malnutrition according to GLIM, without prior screening, was associated with mortality (HR: 3.35; 95% CI 1.70 – 6.80; p < 0.001). Nutritional risk was also an independent predictor of death, regardless of the nutritional screening tool used (HR between 1.70 and 10.07). Furthermore, the presence of nutritional risk and malnutrition, regardless of the screening tool used, increased the risk of death between 1.93 and 4.43 times. Patients with nutritional risk identified by the ASG-PPP tool and malnutrition by GLIM had a higher risk of death compared to those with malnutrition and nutritional risk identified by the other tools (HR: 4.43; 95%CI 2.33 – 8.42; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition according to GLIM depends on the tool applied to screen nutritional risk prior to assessing the presence of etiological and phenotypic criteria, and was higher when applied to ASG-PPP. Despite this, the findings suggest that none of these adequately complemented GLIM, or appropriately identified nutritional risk through the factors they use. Nutritional risk and malnutrition alone or in combination, regardless of the nutritional screening tool applied, were predictors of death in cancer patients.
9	LARA VIRGINIA PESSOA DE LIMA RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONSUMPTION OF ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS AND THE ANTHROPOMETRIC PROFILE OF LACTATING WOMEN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS Advisor : KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES URSULA VIANA BAGNI Data: Mar 27, 2024 Show Abstract Ultra-processed foods (UPF) have high energy density and have been associated with greater adiposity and risk of developing excess weight at different stages of life. Despite this, little is known about the impact of its consumption during lactation, a phase in which diet quality is important for reducing postpartum weight retention and preventing obesity in adult women. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and the anthropometric profile of lactating women assisted in primary health care in Natal-RN. Socioeconomic and health data, food intake through 24-hour recall, and anthropometric measurements were collected from lactating women who breastfed exclusively or partially, between 30 and 150 days postpartum. Food inatke was assessed by the Nova Classification and the anthropometric profile according to postpartum weight retention (kg), presence of excess weight according to the Body Mass Index (BMI), and measurements of body perimeters (cm) and skinfolds (mm). Participants were grouped according to tertile of energy participation of UPF in the diet (tertile 1-2 x tertile 3). The association between UPA tertiles and anthropometric profile was assessed using linear regression models adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), number of postpartum days, gestational weight gain, number of births, and per capita income categorized. The women were on average 28 (7) years old, 68 (42-104) days postpartum, 34.7% had low education, and the majority had low income (82.3%, n=102). The average caloric participation of UPF in the diet was 23.31% (0-76%). Excess weight was present in 66.1% and 40.9% retained more than 4 kg in the postpartum period assessed, with a median retention of 3.0 kg (-0.3-5. 0). After adjusted linear regression analysis, a positive association was found between the greater energy contribution of UPF in the diet and postpartum weight retention (β= 2.86, 95% CI 0.58 – 5.15, p< 0.014). The results showed that a greater participation of UPF in the diet of lactating women was related to postpartum weight retention. For other anthropometric measurements associated with adiposity, pre-pregnancy BMI was the variable with the greatest explanatory power after adjustments, reinforcing the need for actions to reduce UPF consumption from the pre-conception period to lactation.
10	DEYSIANE SANTIAGO DA SILVA IMPACT OF BREASTFEEDING ON THE GROWTH OF CHILDREN WITH MICROCEPHALY ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL ZIKA VIRUS SYNDROME: A COHORT FROM BIRTH TO 60 MONTHS Advisor : KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES LUCIA LEITE LAIS MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES ANNA CHRISTINA DO NASCIMENTO GRANJEIRO BARRETO Data: Apr 24, 2024 Show Abstract Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome (CZS) encompasses a series of malformations in children exposed during the intrauterine phase, such as microcephaly that affects physical and cognitive development, triggering complications in the feeding and growth process. Despite being recommended as the first source of nutrition, it is not known whether breastfeeding has a protective effect on the growth of these children, which is why this research aims to analyze the association between breastfeeding and the growth of children with microcephaly associated with SCZ. To this end, a longitudinal, prospective and observational cohort investigation was carried out with children with microcephaly associated with SCZ living in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. For this analysis, information from 0, 6, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age was developed. Breastfeeding was assessed using the second indicators proposed by the World Health Organization and growth using the z scores of the weight/age, height/age, weight/height and BMI/age indices. Associations were explored using covariate-adjusted logistic regression equations. Of the 73 children monitored, the average birth weight was 2621.81 g (± 69.34 SD), length was 44.99 cm (± 3.49 SD), and the average time of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) was 3.27 months. 91.80% of the children were breastfed at some point in their lives, 31.5% were breastfed in the second year of life. Children generally presented a growth pattern below that expected for their age and sex, with a progressive increase in nutritional deviations over time. Those who received EBF for more than 4 months had higher z-scores for height/age and weight/age. Using logistic regression, we obtained that the presence of EBF in the first two days of life prevented the child's chance of being short at 24 months by 99% (OR = 0.007; 95% CI = 0- 0.44; p= 0.019), and 97% at 36 months (OR = 0.033; 95% CI = 0-0.80; p=0.036). Using the same method, exclusive breastfeeding for more than 4 months reduces by 80% (OR = 0.200; 95% CI = 0.04-0.98; p=0.047) the chance of developing low weight and low length, simultaneously, at 24 months. The results confirm the magnitude of the importance of breast milk for preventing the double burden of malnutrition also in children with SCZ.
11	YOHANNA LAYSSA DOS SANTOS TOXICITY OF TRYPSIN INHIBITOR ISOLATED FROM TAMARINDSEEDS (TTI) IN ZEBRAFISH Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ALEXANDRE COELHO SERQUIZ ANA CAROLINA LUCHIARI ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS RENATA ALEXANDRA MOREIRA DAS NEVES Data: Apr 30, 2024 Show Abstract The trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (TTI) has beeninvestigated for potential applications in the treatment of non- communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). However, in vivotoxicological safety throughout ontogeny needs to be investigated toensure the proposed applications. Therefore, this study aimed toevaluate embryotoxicity and acute toxicity in adult zebrafish (Daniorerio) exposed to TTI at different concentrations. Initially, TTI wasobtained from tamarind seeds through protein fractionation usingammonium sulfate, followed by affinity chromatography on Trypsin-Sepharose CNBr 4B and characterized for molecular mass and anti-trypsin activity. Fish, both in the embryonic and adult stages, wereexposed for 96 hours post-fertilization (hpf) to three concentrations ofTTI (12,5, 25 and 50 mg/L). Zebrafish embryos (n=20 animals pergroup) were investigated for survival, hatching, malformations, andpossible changes in developmental endpoints, as well as cardiotoxicityand neurotoxicity tests. To assess acute toxicity in adult animals (n=20animals per group), neurotoxicity investigation was conducted throughavoidance tests, light-dark and novel tank tests, as well asgenotoxicity and histopathology. Regarding the tests performed,zebrafish embryo groups exposed for 96 hpf to TTI (12,5, 25 and 50mg/L) showed no adverse effects (p>0,05) compared to animalsexposed to 3,4-dichloroaniline (p<0,0001). Additionally, these sameanimals maintained heart rate within the normal range (152, 157, 171bpm respectively), without showing adverse effects. TTI did not causemortality or significant behavioral changes in adult zebrafish,suggesting the absence of neurotoxicity. Additionally, genetic testsrevealed no signs of genotoxicity, and the evaluated tissues (liver,intestines, and kidneys) showed no histopathological changes, withpreserved structures. Therefore, these results are robust and indicatethe absence of toxic properties of TTI in zebrafish at differentdevelopmental stages, thus reinforcing the established understandingof its safety and efficacy, which is of great relevance to the scientificcommunity. Thus, the results present new approaches for researchand applications related to TTI.
12	BEATRIZ SILVA LOPES TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF JAMBOLÃO (Syzygium Cumini (L.) Skeels) IN ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) Advisor : JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA THAIS SOUZA PASSOS ANA CAROLINA LUCHIARI CINTHIA BAÚ BETIM CAZARIN Data: May 16, 2024 Show Abstract Jambolão (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) is an important source of bioactive compounds, particularly anthocyanins, a class of phenolic compounds that contribute to its biological properties. However, prior to evaluating its bioactive properties, it is necessary to conduct investigations that ensure safe dosages for its use. In this regard, this study aimed to perform a toxicological screening of jambolão hydroalcoholic extract (EJ) administered in different concentrations to using the zebrafish model (Danio rerio) at different life stages (embryonic and adult) of this organism. EJ was obtained from freeze-dried jambolão fruits, using 70% v/v ethanol through exhaustive extraction, and subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterized for total phenolic compounds (CFT), total monomeric anthocyanins (AMT) and antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH). Embryonic and adult zebrafish were exposed to serial concentrations of EJ (10 – 400 µg/ml) and subjected to acute toxicological screening, cardio and neurotoxicity evaluation. Fifteen phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC. The EJ showed a CFT content of 21.80 ± 0.01 mg EAG/g fruit and AMT 11.39 ± 0.91 mg Cy3-G/g fruit, with DPPH antioxidant activity of 844.70 ± 58.81 mmol Eq. Trolox/g and ABTS+ of 323.88 ± 11.05 mmol Eq. Trolox/g, with inhibitory activity (IC50) of ABTS+ at 0.606 mg/ml. EJ concentrations exceeding 50 µg/ml caused a greater number of malformations and death in both life stages of zebrafish. The estimated mean lethal concentration (LC50) for embryos was 118.4 ± 11.7 µg/ml and for adults it was 68.86 ± 4.45 µg/ml, with the chronic toxic dose estimated at 10.22 µg/ml ml and 5.54 µg/ml respectively. In general, there was no cardio or neurotoxicity observed in larvae exposed to EJ, but those exposed to a concentration of 10 µg/ml had lower behavioral performance (p < 0.0001). In adults, anxious behavior was noted in the EJ 10 µg/ml group in the new tank and avoidance tests (p < 0.05 and p ≥ 0.005), and in the EJ 100 µg/ml group in the sociability test (p < 0 .05); the EJ 50 µg/ml group had greater exploratory activity in the open field and aggressiveness tests (p < 0.05). Additionally, histopathological analyzes showed that animals in all groups, including the control group, presented mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the spinal cord, micro and macrovesicular steatosis, and intestine with compromised morphology. However, some animals in the groups exposed to EJ showed preserved intestinal morphology, suggesting a protective effect of EJ on this organ. Given the above, the results indicate that median doses of EJ (around 25 µg/ml) are safe in both life stages of zebrafish, however, new tests addressing aspects that were not analyzed in the present study need to be carried out at in order to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of EJ with a view to enabling the advancement of research into the bioactive potential of this extract in different health problems.
13	RENATA NAYANE FERNANDES DOS SANTOS EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF NANOENCAPSULATION ON THE SOLUBILITY AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF OIL PIGMENTED WITH ASTAXANTHIN EXTRACTED FROM SHRIMP WASTE FLOUR (Litopeneaus vannamei) Advisor : CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JALUZA LUANA CARVALHO DE QUEIROZ SÉRGIO DANTAS DE OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: May 27, 2024 Show Abstract Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a marine species of great economic importance, and processing produces waste discarded into the environment. In these residues, bioactive compounds such as astaxanthin are present, the primary carotenoid found in shrimp, and have high antioxidant potential. However, the stability and functionality of the carotenoid are lost during the food processing and storage stages. Encapsulation is an effective technique to promote the protection of bioactive compounds such as astaxanthin. This work aims to encapsulate the oil pigmented with astaxanthin obtained from shrimp residue flour to improve solubility and antioxidant potential. The encapsulation technique used was oil/water (O/W) emulsification, using porcine gelatin and soy protein as encapsulating agents and Tween 20 as a surfactant. The formulations developed were: pigmented oil with astaxanthin encapsulated in porcine gelatin (EAG), pigmented oil with astaxanthin encapsulated in soy protein (EAS), pigmented oil with astaxanthin encapsulated in porcine gelatin and soy protein in a 2:2 w/w ratio (EAGS 2:2) and in a 3:1 w/w ratio (EAGS 3:1). The characterization of the particles was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta Potential (ZP), Dispersion in water, Incorporation Efficiency (IE) of the oil and percentage of astaxanthin in the encapsulates. The Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Iron Ion Chelation tests were carried out to determine the antioxidant activity. The EAS formulation showed oil leakage and did not follow the characterization steps. The other formulations had a spherical shape and a smooth surface based on the micrographs. The particle size averages by DLS were equal to 159.68 (14.42) nm for EAG, 192.72 (10.44) nm for EAGS 2:2, and 95.41 (17.83) nm for EAGS 3:1. The encapsulated ones presented an amorphous structure based on XRD. By FTIR, an accentuation of the O-H and C-H stretching bands (3314 cm-1 , 3291cm-1 , 3318cm-1 ) was observed in EAG, EAGS 2:2, and EAGS 3:1, respectively, revealing intramolecular bonds between pigmented oil with astaxanthin and the materials used. The IE of the oil was 89.20% (0.31) (EAG), 87.60% (0.13) (EAGS 2:2), and 89.10% (0.30) (EAGS 3:1), where the EAG and EAGS 3:1 did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05). The percentage of astaxanthin incorporated into the encapsulates was approximately 68%, and the dispersibility in water presented values around 50%. The determination of the antioxidant potential indicated that all formulations had the effect of preserving and enhancing the antioxidant activity of the oil, with emphasis on EAGS3:1, which increased the antioxidant potential almost three times in the tests carried out. Therefore, porcine gelatin wall materials and/or combination with soy protein were effective for encapsulating oil pigmented with astaxanthin, as they trapped the oil and increased solubility and antioxidant potential, characteristics that enable incorporation into the food matrix.
14	THAIS EMILI BEZERRA DA SILVA NANOENCAPSULATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS EXTRACT FROM CANTALOUPE MELON PULP (Cucumis melo L.): SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTICLES, AND EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL IN VITRO Advisor : THAIS SOUZA PASSOS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : THAIS SOUZA PASSOS FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR MARIA GIOVANA BINDER PAGNONCELLI Data: May 28, 2024 Show Abstract Phenolic compounds (PC) help prevent diseases due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, they are unstable due to changes in pH, heat, and the presence of oxygen and light. Nanoencapsulation can improve bioaccessibility, bioavailability and preserve and/or enhance bioactive properties. The study aimed to synthesize and characterize nanoparticles containing PC-rich extract from Cantaloupe melon pulp (Cucumis melo L.) and evaluate the effect on antioxidant potential in vitro. The melon pulp was dried in a ventilated oven (55 °C/24 h) to obtain flour, used to extract PC by maceration using 50% methanol (v/v) and 70% v/v acetone (1:4 p/v). The extract was concentrated in a rotary evaporator (28 °C) and lyophilized. The PC concentration was determined by UV-vis spectrophotometry and the PC profile by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Three formulations were obtained using isolated whey protein (EPWI), concentrated whey protein (EPWC), and isolated soy protein (EPSP) through the nanoprecipitation technique in anti-solvent (acetone), using the Tween 80 as surfactant. The formulations were characterized in terms of incorporation efficiency (EI %) and by different physical and chemical methods: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential (ZP), Infrared Spectroscopy by Fourier Transform (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and antioxidant potential by ABTS• and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) assay. The PC content determined was 750 (60.73) mg EAG/100 g of melon pulp flour. Ten PC were identified in the crude extract, with emphasis on procyanidin B1 [213.9 (33.23) mg/kg], fumaric acid [181.6 (30.55) mg/kg], chlorogenic acid [20.54 (3 .03) mg/kg) and trans-cinnamic acid [13.03 (1.46) mg/kg]. The EI results (%) showed high FC retention in EPWC [89.50 (0.23)] and EPSP [90.60 (6.52)], unlike EPWI [74.10 (0.28)] (p<0.05). The micrographs obtained indicated the formation of spherical particles with a smooth surface, and DLS indicated diameters equal to 80.70 (12.94) nm, 74.90 (10.78) nm, and 96.57 (10.17) nm, respectively for EPWI, EPWC, and EPSP. The Zeta Potential results obtained for EPWI, EPWC, and EPSP were equal to +19.60 mV (pH 3.4), +21.68 mV (pH 3.6), and +20.13 mV (pH 3.5), classified as moderately stable, indicating an ideal application in acidic food products. FTIR of the three formulations showed that the materials in the systems interacted chemically, suggesting the encapsulation of the crude extract. According to the X-ray diffractograms, the different nanoencapsulated were characterized as amorphous. The process of encapsulation has enhanced the total antioxidant (TAC) capacity of the particles up to twice for EPWI and up to six times for EPWC and EPSP than to crude extract (p<0.05). Therefore, nanoencapsulation with different encapsulating agents using the anti-solvent nanoprecipitation technique presents itself as a promising strategy to promote the encapsulation of phenolic compounds from Cantaloupe melon, expanding the potential for application in foods
15	DANIELLE CAROLINE DA SILVA DIAS ASSOCIATION OF ZINC WITH CIRCULATING microRNA IN WOMEN WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE Advisor : BRUNA ZAVARIZE REIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA ZAVARIZE REIS KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA TELMA ANGELINA FARALDO CORRÊA Graziela Biude Silva Duarte Data: Jun 19, 2024 Show Abstract MicroRNAs (miRs) play an important role in regulating multiple processes, including insulin signaling pathways, glucose metabolism, and the inflammatory response. Excess or deficiency of nutrients can modulate the expression of miRs and influence the risk of developing diseases. Impaired insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance play a significant role in the pathogenesis of all types of diabetes mellitus. It is crucial to assess the function of pancreatic β cells and their resistance/sensitivity since insulin resistance (IR) is considered the primary cause of type 2 diabetes development. Zinc is recognized as having an essential role in insulin metabolism, and alterations in this hormone's signaling pathway may be associated with zinc deficiency. However, the relationship between glucose metabolism-related miRs and the body's zinc status is not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of plasma zinc with the expression of miR-191-5p, miR-188-5p, miR-145-5p, and miR143-3p in women with insulin resistance. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 overweight and obese adult/elderly women aged between 18 and 60, attended by the Endocrinology and Metabology Service of the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP). The classification of IR was performed according to Stern's criteria. An evaluation of circulating miRs expression, analysis of plasma zinc concentration, biochemical profile, inflammatory parameters, and body composition assessment was conducted. Six percent of the participants had zinc levels below the reference value for plasma zinc deficiency (< 70µg/dL). After dividing plasma zinc values into below or above 90µg/dL, a significant difference in fibrinogen concentration was observed (p=0,016). Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between plasma zinc and serum HDL-c concentration (rho=0,279; p=0,050), and a negative correlation with miR-191-5p (rho=-0,428; p=0,002), miR-145-5p (rho=-0,384; p=0,006), and miR-143-3p (rho=-0,357; p=0,011). MiR-191-5p showed a positive correlation with fibrinogen (rho=0,298; p=0,036) and a negative correlation with insulin (rho=-0,374; p=0,007) and HOMA-IR (rho=-0,296; p=0,037). MiR-188-5p showed a positive correlation with HDL-c (rho=0,307; p=0,040) and a negative correlation with insulin (rho=-0,326; p=0,029). MiR-145-5p showed a negative correlation with waist circumference (rho=-0,282; p=0,049), VAI (rho=-0,286; p=0,047), insulin (rho=-0,342; p=0,015), IL-1β (rho=-0,380; p=0,006), IL-6 (rho=- 0,400; p=0,004), and IFN-γ (rho=-0,328; p=0,020). MiR-143-3p showed a negative correlation with insulin (rho=-0,452; p=0,001), HOMA-IR (rho=-0,327; p=0,021), and IL-6 (rho=-0,334; p=0,018). In the adjusted logistic regression model, high expression of miR-191-5p (OR = 0.06; p = 0.012) was inversely associated with zinc concentration. In the functional enrichment analysis conducted with the list of target genes, gene ontology (GO) terms were significantly enriched. Thus, the present study identified a possible epigenomic interaction of zinc in the biological processes involved in IR, highlighting its importance for medicinal, dietary interventions, or monitoring the adverse effects associated with plasma zinc concentration.
16	FERNANDA KEILA VALENTE BATISTA Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the frequency of food insecurity and perceptions of quality of life among older people: Brazuca Natal Post-COVID Study. Advisor : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA INGRID WILZA LEAL BEZERRA NILA PATRÍCIA FREIRE PEQUENO MARIA CECÍLIA ROCHA Data: Jun 21, 2024 Show Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the prevalence of food insecurity (FI) worldwide, defined as a lack of access to adequate food in terms of quantity and quality. Among older people, FI is associated with poorer health outcomes and contributes to a lower perceived quality of life (QOL). In this sense, this study aims to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of FI and QoL in the older people of the Brazuca Natal Post-COVID study. This is a cross-sectional and cohort study. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was self-reported. FI was verified using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA). The WHOQOL-Bref and WHOQOL-Old questionnaires were used to assess QoL. We also analyzed socioeconomic and demographic information. Data was collected using an electronic questionnaire (Epicollect5). Statistical analysis included absolute and percentage frequencies, with 95% confidence intervals, and Poisson regression with robust variance. Wilcoxon's test for continuous variables and McNemar's test for categorical variables were used to checking whether there was a statistical difference in the pre-and post-pandemic periods between the scores on the QoL and AI questionnaires. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. The results of the cross-sectional study showed that AI was associated with a worse perception of QoL by the elderly. The WHOQOL-bref questionnaire showed that being in AI increased the likelihood of having a worse perception of QoL in the psychological (PR=1.47; IC%: 1.10-1.66), environmental (PR=1.70; IC%: 1.21-2.41) and overall QoL domains. In the WHOQoL-old questionnaire, AI was also associated with a worse perception of QoL in the domains of sense functioning (PR:1.46: 95%CI 1.06-2.00), autonomy (PR:1.57: 95%CI 1.13-2.18), past, present and future activities (PR:1.75: 95%CI 1.23-2.49), social participation (PR:1.34: 95%CI 1.01-1.79) death, dying (PR:1.90: 95%CI 1.34-2.68) and also in the total score (PR:2.28: 95%CI 1.62-3.20). The post-pandemic findings did not show a significant increase in AI in the population (p=1.000). Concerning the perception of QoL in the post-pandemic, there was a significant reduction in the scores of the domains "functioning of the senses" (p<0.0001), "social participation" (p=0.018), "death and dying" (p<0.0001) and "total score" (p<0.0001) of the WHOQoL-old questionnaire. Our main findings from the cross-sectional study showed that not having a partner, having an elementary school education or not being literate, having lower quartiles of family income per capita, being female and the condition of food insecurity in the household can have a negative perception of QoL among the older people. In terms of post-pandemic findings, it can be concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on older people's perceptions of QoL. These findings highlight the need for greater attention to this population in public health interventions.
17	IKSON RAUAN DOS SANTOS ANALYSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND APPLICATION OF ATHEROGENIC INDICES AS EVALUATION METHODS IN A BRAZILIAN COHORT: THE BRAZUCA/NATAL-RN STUDY Advisor : BRUNA ZAVARIZE REIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA ZAVARIZE REIS BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL SANCHA HELENA DE LIMA VALE DIVA ALIETE DOS SANTOS VIEIRA Data: Jun 26, 2024 Show Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in Brazil and worldwide, responsible for a significant portion of hospitalizations and public service costs. Stratification of cardiovascular risk and control of modifiable risk factors in the population are crucial and effective interventions for preventing and controlling these conditions. Accordingly, the objective of the research was to analyze the cardiovascular risk factors in the first and second phases of the BRAZUCA-Natal study and the use of different evaluation indices in a population of adults and elderly individuals. In 2019, 411 individuals were selected for the study, and sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected and reassessed in 2023/2024, following the same methodological procedures. Of these 411 participants (in 2019), 112 had biochemical data. In the second phase (2023/2024), the 411 participants were invited to participate in the research again, and 107 individuals agreed to the collection of social, anthropometric, and biochemical data. These data comprised two distinct methodological designs: a cohort study and a cross-sectional study, which is organized in the form of a collection of scientific articles. In the cohort study, an increase in VAI (2.22, p<0,001) was observed. In the cross-sectional study, IAP demonstrated better performance in the AUC and was positively correlated with TC and TG. Therefore, the increase in VAI contributes to an increased risk of CVD. Similarly, monitoring lipid profile, anthropometric parameters, and the use of IAP can assist in the stratification of cardiovascular risk in this population.
18	HERBENNY HELLEN MEDEIROS DE BRITO CARVALHO PREPARATION AND VALIDATION OF AN INSTRUMENT TO ASSESS SUSTAINABLE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING PRACTICES BY NUTRITIONISTS Advisor : PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM COMMITTEE MEMBERS : PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL LUCILEIA GRANHEN TAVARES COLARES Data: Jul 30, 2024 Show Abstract The adoption of sustainable practices by nutritionists contributes to achieving target 3.4 of the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), which aims to reduce mortality from non-communicable diseases by one third, promote mental health and wellbeing, and worker health by 2030. The objective was to develop and validate an instrument for evaluating sustainability practices related to the health and well-being dimension developed by collective food nutritionists. The research took place in four stages: 1) scope review based on PRISMA-ScR recommendations; 2) development of the instrument for evaluating the promotion of health and well-being in collective nutrition. The instrument was structured into four constructs (knowledge about the SDGs; dimension of health and food quality; health and well-being of workers in food and nutrition units and risk behaviors for health and well-being), totaling 34 items using a scale 5-point Likert to check frequency; 3) validation of content and clarity with a panel of experts using the Delphi method and applying the content validation index with over 80% consensus; 4) pilot test with nutritionists. The structure of the instrument was evaluated for its reliability using the statistical techniques of Cronbach's Alpha and Mcdonald's Omega Coefficient, and its validity through confirmatory factor analysis. In Step 1, for the scope review, 34 studies were included, 88% of which were conducted in Brazil, with a focus on evaluating the nutritional quality of menus and public worker food policies. Activities of collective feeding nutritionists related to achieving target 3.4 of the SDG were listed: planning healthy and sustainable menus, promoting worker health surveillance actions, periodic evaluation of workers' nutritional status, and fostering participatory leadership. In Steps 2 and 3, validation by an expert panel in three rounds (evaluation and feedback) culminated in the instrument containing 37 items, maintaining the four constructs of analysis. In Step 4, the instrument was applied to 105 nutritionists, revealing that 76% recognize the importance of the SDGs. It is noteworthy that 70% of the nutritionists frequently offer red meat on the menus, and only 13% reported using ultra-processed meat products. Regarding worker health, it was observed that only 29% frequently perform anthropometric evaluations of their workers. The main risk factors observed among workers in food units were sedentary lifestyle (53%), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (39%), and stress (67%). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the presence of 8 factors, obtaining Cronbach's alpha (0.766) and Mcdonald's omega (0.882), indicating that the instrument has good internal consistency. The reliability of the factors was adequate (above 0.70) for almost all factors except for factor 2 (on the use of ultraprocessed foods on menus) (ω= 0.661; Cronbach α=0.645). It is concluded that the instrument compiled variables capable of identifying nutritionists' practices in collective nutrition aligned with the achievement of goal 3.4. of SDG3, being statistically valid and reliable.
19	HÉMYLLEN TAISA DINIZ DA SILVA Breakfast omission and metabolic changes in overweight adolescents Advisor : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA BARTIRA GORGULHO DIOGO VALE Data: Aug 19, 2024 Show Abstract Breakfast is one of the most important meals for adolescent development, as it provides a variety of macro and micronutrients for the body to function properly. However, the changes that come with adolescence can predispose to changes in eating habits that can lead to skipping meals such as breakfast. Skipping breakfast can lead to a wide variety of problems for the body, including obesity and dyslipidemia. Obesity is a chronic non-communicable disease that is considered a serious public health problem, and it is more worrying when it comes to children and adolescents, given the consequences and worsening throughout life. The aim of this study was to verify the association between skipping breakfast and metabolic changes in overweight adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study of 154 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 of both sexes and diagnosed as overweight or obese. Data was collected at three different times, with an interval of 30-45 days between each stage. The first stage involved collecting sociodemographic and economic data, clinical and dietary assessment using a semi-structured questionnaire and a 24-hour recall (R24), followed by anthropometric assessment. The second stage consisted of collecting blood for biochemical analysis and carrying out the 1R24h. In the 3rd stage, the results of the biochemical tests were delivered, and nutritional advice was given according to the degree of excess weight and biochemical alterations. We found that of the 154 participants who skipped breakfast, the majority were female (31%), aged 13 or over (42.9%) and with an income of more than one minimum wage (32.9%). In relation to breakfast consumption without ultra- processed foods, the highest percentages were female (39.4%), aged 10 to 12 (35.4%), overweight (43.2%) and with normal cholesterol (35.5%), but without statistical significance. We found a possible association between types of breakfast and BMI-age (p=0.087) and age (p=0.062), but without statistical significance according to the bivariate and multivariate Poisson analyses (p>0.05). When testing sociodemographic and metabolic variables to produce a multivariate model associated with skipping breakfast among overweight adolescents, it was not possible to estimate a significant model. We identified a significant model by testing the grouping variables based on the correspondence analysis of sociodemographic and metabolic variables in the population of overweight adolescents (p=0.019). The characteristics associated exclusively with each breakfast profile were omission of breakfast with tertile 1 of energy and overweight; breakfast with ultra-processed foods associated with the second tertile of income; and consumption of breakfast without ultra-processed foods associated with the highest tertile of income. It was concluded that most adolescents who skipped breakfast were girls and had better family purchasing power, with females also consuming ultra-processed foods at breakfast.
20	KIVIA MARIA BATISTA MARINHO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS AND THE DIETARY PATTERN OF BOYS WITH DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY Advisor : SANCHA HELENA DE LIMA VALE COMMITTEE MEMBERS : SANCHA HELENA DE LIMA VALE KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES LUCIA LEITE LAIS MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES MARINA MAINTINGUER NORDE Data: Sep 12, 2024 Show Abstract Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a severe progressive neuromuscular condition characterized by orthopedic, cardiac, and respiratory impairments, often leading to premature death, and currently, it has no cure. The role of inflammation in the progression of this disease has been documented in the scientific literature, with reports of high levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Considering that diet can influence systemic inflammation, this study aimed to investigate possible associations between the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP-SP) and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the DMD population. The sample consisted of 32 boys with a mean age of 12.69 ± 5.09 years. The mean lean mass of the population was 21 ± 4.74%, and the most prevalent Vignos score was 9. The mean EDIP-SP was -0.38 ± 0.20, indicating a diet considered anti-inflammatory. However, EDIP-SP and daily energy intake showed no significant association with inflammatory biomarker concentrations in boys with DMD. These findings suggest the need for specific adaptations of assessment tools to the regional context, as they highlight the diversity of inflammatory response to dietary patterns. Although no associations were identified between inflammatory cytokines and EDIP-SP, the results provide valuable insights for the literature, considering the progressive decline in muscle tissue with age and elevated serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines
21	EMIDIA JOYCE FERNANDES DE MORAIS Development and Characterization of Mayonnaise Containing Pigmented Oil with Astaxanthin from Shrimp Waste Flour (Litopenaeus vannamei) Advisor : KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM JALUZA LUANA CARVALHO DE QUEIROZ Data: Sep 18, 2024 Show Abstract This study aimed to develop and characterize mayonnaise containing pigmented oil with astaxanthin derived from shrimp waste (Litopenaeus vannamei) flour. Astaxanthin extraction was performed using soybean oil. To describe the pigmented oil, analyses were conducted for astaxanthin quantification by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), fatty acid profile by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and physicochemical characterization. Four mayonnaise formulations were produced: FMP (control, 100% soybean oil), FM1 (25% pigmented oil), FM2 (56% pigmented oil), and FM3 (87% pigmented oil). Analyses included astaxanthin quantification, fatty acid profile, centesimal composition, shelf life (physicochemical and microbiological) at 4 ± 1°C for 9 days, and sensory evaluation. The pigmented oil had an average astaxanthin concentration of 20.87 ± 1.91 μg/g. Both soybean oil and pigmented oil showed a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids, with acidity indices of 0.65 and 1.31 mg KOH/g and peroxide indices of 0.67 and 0.50 meq/kg. The mayonnaise formulations, FM1, FM2, and FM3 had different astaxanthin concentrations: 4.448 ± 0.57 μg/g, 9.635 ± 1.23 μg/g, and 11.734 ± 1.07 μg/g, respectively. All formulations showed a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids. The formulations were similar in moisture, lipids, carbohydrates, and high caloric content, with FM3 showing higher ash content and lower protein. Shelf-life analysis revealed significant differences in the acidity index only on day 0, with FM1 and FM2 differing from FMP and FM3. The peroxide index was significantly higher in formulations with lower pigmented oil concentrations, particularly in FMP, FM1, and FM2. The pH of the mayonnaises varied considerably on day 0, with a decline until day 3, followed by stabilization until day 9. Microbiological analyses found Salmonella, coliforms at 45°C, and Escherichia coli absent throughout storage. Enterobacteriaceae were detected from day 0 but remained within permitted limits in all formulations, except FMP and FM1, which exceeded these limits on day 9. Sensory evaluation showed all samples were well-accepted, with FM3 achieving the highest acceptance index (79.7%), positively influenced by texture (90.65%), color (75.70%), and odor (70.09%). Formulations with higher pigmented oil content (FM1, FM2, FM3) also had good purchase intent, receiving a rating of 4, corresponding to "I would definitely buy it." These results suggest that mayonnaise with pigmented oil containing astaxanthin has significant potential as a natural colorant, flavoring agent, and preservative, representing a valuable alternative in the food industry.
22	DJACKSON GARCIA DE LIMA Retailer Size and Meat Characteristics in Developing Economies: Insights from the Case of the Brazilian Northeast. Advisor : MICHELLE CRISTINE MEDEIROS JACOB COMMITTEE MEMBERS : MICHELLE CRISTINE MEDEIROS JACOB SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA DIRCE MARIA LOBO MARCHIONI Data: Dec 30, 2024 Show Abstract This study investigates how the size of retailers influences the characteristics of meat available to consumers, using the Brazilian Northeast as a strategic case study. With 80% of production aimed at the domestic market, Brazil has a complex distribution network that reflects the challenges and opportunities faced globally. Additionally, the Northeast region mirrors a global trend in emerging economies, where rising incomes drive increased meat consumption. We analyzed the relationship between retailer size and three aspects of the meat sold: the distance traveled from the supplier slaughterhouse to the point of sale, the level of processing, and sanitary quality. Using a mixed-methods approach, we combined quantitative data from the "Do Pasto ao Prato" app with qualitative interviews with industry professionals in one of the region's states. Statistical analyses included Generalized Linear Models and Multinomial Logistic Regression. The textual data were transcribed using a combination of artificial intelligence techniques, such as natural language processing, and human analysis. Subsequently, this information was analyzed using a process mapping technique, which organized the data into flowcharts of actors and processes. The results indicated that about 85% of the meat sold in the retail network comes from other regions of Brazil, traveling long distances (2386.18, ±731.58 km) to reach the local market. Larger retailers such as hypermarkets and supermarkets, obtain meat from shorter distances (p = 0.034). Regarding the level of processing, there was a trend of smaller retailers, like convenience stores, selling more ultra-processed meats, although the explanatory power was not statistically significant (pseudo R² = 7.37 e-11). Finally, in terms of sanitary quality, retailers, regardless of their size (p > 0.05), were rated as "Good." These results reflect typical characteristics of meat supply chains in emerging countries, where the concentration of slaughterhouses by large corporations is common, and where retail networks include a significant presence of convenience stores and small markets that frequently offer ultra-processed products. By analyzing the meat supply chain in a context of growing demand, the study aids in the search for solutions to improve food safety, reduce environmental impact, and promote more ethical business practices in the sector, especially in regions with rapid economic growth and changing consumption patterns.

2023

	Dissertations
1	MARIA EUGÊNIA DE MEDEIROS FERNANDES Adherence to dietary practices recommended by the Brazilian Food Guide and sociodemographic aspects: Brazuca-Natal Study Advisor : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ALANDERSON ALVES RAMALHO CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA DIOGO VALE Data: Feb 27, 2023 Show Abstract The Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (FGBP) brings an expanded paradigm of healthy eating to guide healthy eating practices, respecting the diversity of Brazilian food culture. Adherence to the FGBP scale analyzes adherence to the guide's recommendations, including markers related to the type of food processing (NOVA Classification) and dietary practices divided into four dimensions: choice of foods, ways of eating, planning and family organization. Considering the worsening of social inequality indicators in recent years in Brazil, understanding which sociodemographic aspects are associated with the adherence of adults and the older adults to FGBP recommendations is a challenge. The aim was to analyze adherence to the FGBP recommendations by the participants of the BRAZUCA (Brazilian Usual Consumption Assessment) Natal Study, considering sociodemographic aspects. It is a cross-sectional survey, with 411 adults and older adults in the city of Natal Brazil, selected from a probabilistic cluster sample, in two stages (census tracts and households). An electronic questionnaire on the Epicollect 5 digital platform was applied to data collection. It was containing sociodemographic data and a multidimensional scale to measure adherence to dietary practices recommended by the FGBP. The scale consists of 24 questions, following a Likert scale (I totally disagree; I disagree; I agree; I totally agree). The final score can range from 0 to 72. It classified as low and medium adherence (<41 points) or high adherence to the FGBP (>=41 points). The prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95% confidence interval used to verify the association, and the analysis was adjusted using Poisson Regression with a robust estimator. We observed high adherence to the FGBP in 46.7% (42.1%-51.3%) of the population, with a mean score of 40.5 (SD 7.9). We verify a significant association for females (PR= 1 .27; 95% CI 1.03-1.55) and the older adults (PR=1.46; 95% CI 1.19-1.79). The individuals who declared a monthly per capita income of less than one minimum wage were less likely to of high adherence to FGBP recommendations and being worse for those with income ≤1/4 minimum wage (PR=0.47; 95%CI 0.32-0.68). We conclude that being female and being older adult are conditions that predict greater adherence to FGBP. People who having low per capita income have lower adherence to the FGBP. It is necessary to establish policies that reduce social inequalities. In addition, it is essential to high access to food practices aligned with FGBP among adults and the older adults in Natal, Brazil.
2	ANA BEATRIZ RODRIGUES PINHEIRO FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL INSECURITY AND PRE-DIABETES IN ADULTS AND ELDERLY – BRAZUCA NATAL STUDY Advisor : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : INGRID WILZA LEAL BEZERRA NILA PATRÍCIA FREIRE PEQUENO SAVIO MARCELINO GOMES SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA Data: Feb 27, 2023 Show Abstract Introduction: Food and nutritional insecurity (FI) is understood as the lack of access to adequate food in adequate quantity and quality and currently affects more than 2.3 billion people worldwide. Evidence indicates strong correlations between the consumption of less healthy diets, prediabetes and periods of FI. Objectives: To evaluate the association of FIwith the development of prediabetes in adults and the elderly participating in the Brazuca Natal study. Methodology: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study (BRAZUCA-Natal study), with 113 individuals, aged ≥ 20 years, of both sexes, living in a capital of northeastern Brazil. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Those with HOMA-IR were considered with prediabetes>2,7. To verify the presence of FI, the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was used and participants who answered "yes" to at least one of the five questions were considered in I. Food intake was evaluated based on eating practices using a multidimensional scale based on the Brazilian Food Guide and to assess its relationship with the, the chi-square test was performed. Normality was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov. A bivariate Poisson analysis was performed to identify the prevalence ratios (PR) gross and adjusted, remaining in the final model only the variables with a significance level of 5% (p<0,05). The data were analyzed by the SPSS version 25 program. Results: The individuals had a median age of 62 years. The majority of the sample (58.4%) were women and non-white (PR=1.10; IC95%0.98-1.26). 50.4% were pre-diabetic and, of these, 55.5% had some degree of FI (PR 1.13; CI95%1.01- 1.27), 59.6% were elderly (PR=1.14; CI95%1.02-1.28), 51.8% were overweight (PR=1.19; CI95%1.06-1.27) and 60.6% hypertriglyceridemia (PR=1.23; IC95%1.08-1.39). The other variables did not show statistical significance in the adjusted analysis. Regarding food practices, we highlight the following sentences, considered healthy eating practices with significant association in the presence of FI: "I usually eat fruit for breakfast" (p=0.001), "When I choose fruits, vegetables or vegetables, I give preference to those of local production" (p=0.043), "I usually buy food at free or street fairs" (p=0.057), "I usually eat my meals sitting at the table" (p=0.004) "I usually eat fruit for breakfast" (p=0.001), "When I choose fruits, vegetables or vegetables, I give preference to those of local production" (p=0.043), "When I choose fruits, vegetables or vegetables, I give preference to those of local production" (p=0.043), "I usually buy food at free or street fairs" (p=0.057), "I usually eat my meals sitting at the table" (p=0.004). And unhealthy eating practices: "I usually skip at least one of the main meals (lunch and dinner) (p=0.054), "I usually eat my meals sitting (a) on the living room couch or in bed" (p=0.000), "When I drink coffee or tea, I usually put sugar" (p=0.001), "I have a habit of pinching in the interval between meals (p=0.003) and "I usually attend fast-food restaurants or snack bars" (p=0.030). Conclusion: There is a high incidence of individuals with FI and prediabetes. This possible association confirms that the most vulnerable individuals are the most affected in the development of Chronic non-communicable diseases, especially prediabetes. Thus, it is evident the need for public policies to access foods of good nutritional quality and the promotion of healthy lifestyles, which promote the reduction of prediabetes and consequently DM2.
3	KARINA ZAIRA SILVA MARINHO COSTA Differential microRNA expression and its association between plasma micronutrients and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight women with hyperglycemia Advisor : BRUNA ZAVARIZE REIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA ZAVARIZE REIS ERNESTO VARGAS MENDEZ KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA MARIA ADERUZA HORST Data: Mar 24, 2023 Show Abstract Hyperglycemia is important in the development and maintenance of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in overweight individuals and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and complications resulting from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrients with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action can interact with the genome, modulating its expression, resulting in alterations in the phenotype and the risk markers for chronic diseases. This interaction allows the modulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression, which are important for the regulation of several physiological or pathological processes, such as hyperglycemia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify miRNA differentially expressed in overweight women with hyperglycemia and its association with inflammatory biomarkers and plasma micronutrients. This is a cross-sectional comparative study derived from a study with 72 women between 18 and 60 years old and BMI ≥ 25.0kg/m². In plasma samples, zinc, selenium, and manganese concentrations were evaluated, as well as fasting glucose, insulin, miRNA expression, inflammatory biomarkers, and leptin. Insulin resistance was assessed by calculating the HOMA-IR and HOMA-β indices. Most participants did not have hyperglycemia (68.1%). miR-29a-3p, miR-150-5p, and miR-548c-5p were upregulated in hyperglycemic women compared to normoglycemic. A positive correlation was observed between miR-150-5p expression and IL-10 (rho=0.348; p=0.030) and a negative correlation with leptin (rho=-0.331; p=0.040), as well as a negative correlation between miR-548c-5p and HOMA-IR (rho=-0.424; p=0.022) and HOMA-β (rho=-0.463; p=0.011) in normoglycemic women. miR-29a-3p and miR-548c-5p were positively associated with hyperglycemia (OR=2.34; p=0.024 and OR=109.71; p=0.016, respectively). No differences were identified for zinc, selenium, and manganese concentrations in plasma between women with and without hyperglycemia, as well as correlations between these micronutrients and upregulated miRNAs. Pathway enrichment analysis of target genes identified that these miRNAs are potentially related to glycemic metabolism, the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia, and diabetes, or complications of the disease. Given this, it is understood that these miRNAs have the potential to be used as biomarkers of hyperglycemia and its complications, in addition to being involved in the activation of inflammatory pathways in these patients. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that the micronutrients zinc, selenium, and manganese do not seem to be related to the expression of these miRNAs.
4	ANGÉLICA LOPES DE SOUSA CAMPÊLO Evaluation of multi-elements in the plasma of institutionalized older persons and associations with sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle variables. Advisor : LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA ZAVARIZE REIS CARLA SORAYA COSTA MAIA LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA SAIONARA MARIA AIRES DA CAMARA Data: Mar 27, 2023 Show Abstract Aging is associated with physiological, anatomical, biochemical and psychological changes that reflect on the health and nutrition conditions of individuals. Maintaining adequate micronutrient status is important for health and longevity. Essential elements participate in important biological processes, and on the other hand, non-essential elements are accumulated in the human body. throughout life, resulting in biological damage upon prolonged exposure. Based on these aspects, research on the identification of these multiple elements and how they behave in organic interactions emerge. The purpose of the retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the status of essential and non-essential elements in the plasma of institutionalized older persons in Natal/RN and associations with sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle variables. The population consisted of 149 older persons living in public and private ILPIs in the city of Natal. Data on demographic, clinical, anthropometric, health and lifestyle variables were obtained and categorized according to specificities. Food consumption was measured using the direct food weighing method. The calculation of micronutrient inadequacy was performed using the Estimated Adequate Requirement (EAR) method as the cut-off point. Six essential and nine non-essential elements were evaluated in plasma by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results are presented as median (P25-P75). To understand the variance of the elements in the sampling plan, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Plasma concentrations of Cu, Fe and Se were within the biochemical range. The Zn concentration was below the reference value for the population. The dietary intake of Mg and K had a prevalence of inadequacy above >50%. Four factors identified by the PCA were constituted as follows: C1 (As, Ni, Rb, Cu, Se and Zn); C2 (Cd and Pb); C3 (Al and Mn) and C4 (Li). The first component generated (C1) explained 32.6% of the total variance of the model, with the sum of all loads equal to 67.4%. Associations between factors and independent variables were tested. Pb and Cd were associated with the presence of multimorbidity (p=0.018), Al with gender (p=0.012). Hg was related to type of ILPI (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), calf circumference (p=0.04), number of comorbidities p=0.023) and polypharmacy (p=0.004). Se plasma concentrations differed between sex (p=0.039) and BMI (p=0.040) and institutionalization time was related to Sr (p=0.011). Essential and non-essential element status was associated with multimorbidities type of LTIE, BMI and calf circumference, and polypharmacy.
5	MARIA EDUARDA BEZERRA DA SILVA CONSUMPTION OF NATURAL OR ADDED FRUCTOSE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH HEPATIC MARKERS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH OVERWEIGHT Advisor : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : DIOGO VALE JOSIANE STELUTI MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA Data: Mar 28, 2023 Show Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has several stages, from the deposition of lipids in the hepatic parenchyma to cases of hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In situations of liver injury, there is an increase in the concentrations of liver transaminases, especially alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Inadequate food intake has been considered one of the causal factors for the development and progression of this disease. In this context, currently, fructose, especially from unnatural sources, has been studied as an independent causal factor in the development of NAFLD and unfavorable metabolic outcomes. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between fructose consumption according to its origin, based on the type of food processing, with liver markers and metabolic parameters in overweight adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old, diagnosed with overweight or obesity. Anthropometric data (height, weight and waist circumference), biochemical data (lipid profile, glucose profile and concentrations of ALT, AST, GGT and alkaline phosphatase) were collected, and two 24-hour recalls were applied to analyze food consumption. Habitual food consumption was estimated using the Multiple Source Method (MSM). To quantify the fructose consumed, the foods present in the recall were matched with those present in the Food Standards Australia New Zealand. Soon after, the foods were classified according to the food groups of the NOVA classification, according to their type of processing. With this, the amount of fructose from each food group was calculated. The foods were then divided into two groups, according to the origin of the fructose: natural (in natura and minimally processed foods) or added (processed and ultra-processed foods). In data analysis, descriptive statistics procedures of mean and standard deviation and mean confidence interval were used for quantitative variables and frequency distribution and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for categorical variables. To identify possible differences in the profile of adolescents, the chi-square test was applied for categorical variables and the Student's “t” test or Anova for comparison of means. To verify the association between fructose consumption and the nutritional and metabolic profile, linear regression analyzes were performed for continuous variables and logistic regression for categorical variables. All statistical tests were considered at a significance level of 95% (p <0.05). In the population, 91 were boys and 83 were girls, in which we found changes to ALT in 55.1% of boys and 44.9% of girls; for TG, in 51.3% in boys and 48.7% in girls and in HDL-c, 56% in boys and 44% in girls with values below the recommended level. Boys had a higher level of physical activity (p=0.032), higher caloric intake from the diet (p=0.011), higher serum AST (p=0.003) and phosphatase (p<0.001). The foods that most contributed to the average amount of fructose were açaí, in the natural fructose group, and soft drinks in the added fructose group. The consumption of added fructose showed an association with an increase in TG values, in which added fructose was associated with a greater risk of an increase in triglycerides (B= 1,546; 95%CI: 2,144), being up to 54.6%, regardless of of the fit. There was no association in the other variables. Thus, it is evident that the consumption of added fructose from the processed and ultra-processed food groups was related to an increase in TG concentrations in overweight adolescents, however, no association was found with changes in ALT concentrations.
6	ISABELLI LUARA COSTA DA SILVA Selenium status and heart failure: associations with clinical and nutritional parameters and impact on clinical outcomes Advisor : KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA ZAVARIZE REIS Graziela Biude Silva Duarte KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA MARCOS FERREIRA MINICUCCI Data: Mar 29, 2023 Show Abstract Selenium deficiency has been a frequent finding in individuals with heart failure (HF), but there are gaps in the literature regarding factors associated with this condition, as well as the impact of selenium status on mortality and hospitalization outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate selenium status and its associations with clinical, nutritional parameters, and clinical outcomes in outpatients with reduced or slightly reduced HF Ejection Fraction or preserved HF Ejection Fraction. Eighty individuals with a diagnosis of HF, adults and elderly of both sexes, attended the Interprofessional Heart Failure Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes, in a follow-up period of up to 36 months, were studied. Plasma selenium concentrations, dietary selenium intake, sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters, and clinical outcomes (hospitalization and mortality) were evaluated. Plasma selenium was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Independent variables were analyzed according to tertiles of plasma selenium concentrations. Multiple linear regression models were run using the stepwise method to determine associations between plasma selenium and other variables. Analysis of the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) was performed to define a cutoff point for plasma selenium values with greater sensitivity and specificity for the clinical outcomes of mortality and hospitalization. Relationships between selenium status and clinical outcomes were observed using Cox regression. Individuals with HF were predominantly male (61.3%) and overweight (52.5%). The most frequent type of HF was reduced or slightly reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (70.0%), non-ischemic etiology (55.0%), and functional class I (71.2%). A significant percentage of participants had plasma selenium concentrations within the reference range (91.2%) and the prevalence of inadequate consumption of the element was 29.12%. Regression analysis indicated associations between albumin (β=0.113, p<0.001; R²=0.291) and triglycerides (β=0.0002, p<0.021, R²=0.376) with plasma selenium. Plasma selenium cutoff ≥ 83.80 µg/L was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality [HR =17.085(1.488-196.146); p=0.023)] and hospitalizations [HR=7.596 (1.114-51.808); p==0.038)]. In conclusion, it was observed that the majority of individuals with HF treated at the outpatient clinic had plasma selenium values within the normal range, with albumin and triglycerides standing out as independent predictors of this variable. In addition, plasma selenium cutoff ≥ 83.80µg/L was associated with an increased risk of unfavorable clinical outcomes in this population.
7	ANA FRANCISCA TEIXEIRA GOMES In silico study of therapeutic targets in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS EMMANUEL SILVA MARINHO RICARDO NEY OLIVEIRA COBUCCI Data: Mar 31, 2023 Show Abstract Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders in the world, with a growing search for natural, safe and effective therapeutic agents, especially food peptides. Through bioinformatics tools, this search can be optimized by in silico analysis of interaction mechanisms between molecules. This work aimed to study in silico therapeutic targets for glycemic control. First, the systematic review (SR) protocol was developed following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items Checklist for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P), registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022353808) and published. In the SR, studies that met the PECo strategy (Problem, Exposure, Context) were included. The databases used were: Medline (PubMed); Web of Science; Scopus; Base; ScienceDirect; Virtual Health Library (VHL). A total of 1878 articles were identified, including 20 articles referring to original in silico studies that used therapeutic targets for the treatment of DM and that validated the use of these targets in vivo. The risk of bias was assessed using a checklist based on Strengthening the reporting of empirical simulation studies (STRESS). It was observed that DPP-IV, PPARγ and GLUT4 were the most frequently used therapeutic targets in the studies included in the SR. Also through in vivo studies, the validation of the previously mentioned therapeutic targets was verified, in addition to Akt, GLP-1, α-amylase, GIP, IRS1 and GSK-3, analyzed in silico, the importance of computational simulation was verified as a useful tool in tracking and prior selection. For the in silico study, the tamarind seed trypsin inhibitor (ITT) was obtained by trypsin-sepharose 4B-CNBr affinity chromatography and characterized by antitryptic activity, protein quantification and SDS-PAGE gel. The ITT was hydrolyzed in vitro to monitor enzymatic susceptibility and selection of enzymes for cleavage in silico, using the protocol adapted from INFOGEST, simulating the three stages of digestion and monitoring the hydrolysis pattern by SDS-PAGE gel. Based on this information, the theoretical model of the purified tamarind seed trypsin inhibitor (TTIp 56/287) was cleaved in silico, being selected for simulation by molecular dynamics, Peptideotripquimo59 for presenting greater potential for interaction with the insulin receptor (IR) (PDB ID 4OGA), with a docking score of -175,53. Peptideotripquimo59 showed affinity and stability in complex with the IR reaching equilibrium at the beginning of the simulation. In addition, the amino acid residues Arginine at position 16 (-209.07 kJ mol-1), Threonine at position 1 (-148.54 kJ mol-1) and Valine at position 2 (-94.53 kJ mol-1) were identified. -1) as the ones that most interacted, with this site of interaction with the IR being in a different region compared to that of insulin. Through SR, the diversity of targets that can be used for the treatment of DM were analyzed in silico and validated in vivo, contributing to the discovery of new allies for the treatment of DM. In addition, Peptideotripchymo59 proved to be an insulin mimetic molecule, and may act as a possible candidate for the treatment of type 1 and 2 DM.
8	FELIPE CARLOS DE MACEDO OLIVEIRA VALUATION OF SEMIARID SOCIOBIODIVERSITY: PHYSICOCHEMICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION OF FLOURS OBTAINED FROM CAJÁ AND UMBU RESIDUES Advisor : FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR COMMITTEE MEMBERS : FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA SÉRGIO DANTAS DE OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR Data: Mar 31, 2023 Show Abstract Tropical fruits processing, such as cajá (or yellow mombin) and umbu, generates a large amount of agro-food wastes with potential application in the food industry. Thus, it becomes essential to adopt efficient strategies for its use. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the physical-chemical, technological and functional characteristics of flours from residues of cajá (Spondias mombin) and umbu (Spondias tuberosa). Initially, the flours from cajá (FSC) and umbu (FSU) residues were submitted to physical-chemical characterization and analysis of the centesimal composition. Then, the flours were evaluated as potential technological applications. Furthermore, from extracts obtained in 70% ethanol, 70% methanol and 70% acetone, the total phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities were determined. As for the physical-chemical analyses, Total Soluble Solids contents of 4.25 and 4.75 ºBrix were found for FSC and FSU, respectively; pH of 4.36 and 4.48; titratable total acidity of 1.74 and 1.07 g/100g and concentration of reducing sugars of 1.35 and 1.96 g/100g. For color analysis, the results were L=37.61 and 56.07; a=2.65 and 0.10; b*=20.11 and 5.62, for FSC and FSU, respectively. As for the results of the centesimal composition, for FSC and FSU, respectively, moisture values of 10.66 and 11.01%, proteins of 7.15% and 6.59%, lipids of 5.64% and 6.09%, insoluble fiber of 68.85% and 70.22%, ash of 3.73% and 3.40%, carbohydrates of 3.97% and 2.69%, and energy value of 95 kcal and 92 kcal. The FTIR suggested the presence of phenolics and dietary fiber. The FSC and FSU samples presented, respectively, the results of water absorption capacity of 0.36 and 0.29 g/g and oil of 0.25 and 0.32 g/g; solubility of 31.12 and 23.40%; swelling power of 2.44 and 2.34 g/g; emulsifying activity of 31.73 and 38.15%; emulsion stability of 95.36 and 96.13%. As for the antioxidant capacity, FSC and FSU presented the highest results in 70% acetone, presenting 50.21 and 31.13 mg EAG/g, respectively; and ABTS radical inhibition values of IC50 = 1.17 mg/mL for FSC and IC50 = 1.35 mg/mL for FSU, and DPPH radical inhibition of IC50 = 1.54 mg/mL for FSC and IC50 = 1.61 mg/ml for FSU. Both of flours showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia multivorans, but did not inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. As for in vitro antidiabetic activity, α-amylase inhibition was 78.80% and 63.27% and amyloglucosidase inhibition was 70.99% and 63.46% for FSC and FSU, respectively. Thus, the results of this work demonstrated added value to flours, the presence of insoluble fibers and desirable in vitro biological activities, indicating the possible technological and functional applications.
9	ALDIANE DE ASSIS COSTA Food Acquisition, Hygiene, and Generation of Domestic Waste in an Academic Community during the COVID-19 Pandemic Advisor : PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ALANDERSON ALVES RAMALHO PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Apr 4, 2023 Show Abstract In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and the closure of universities as a measure to prevent contamination directly affected academic communities. Access to food, though a basic need and a human right, was seriously affected. This study evaluated the locations and frequency of food acquisition; hand, food, and packaging hygiene habits; and household waste generation in an academic community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was cross-sectional and performed through an online questionnaire. Data (n = 1472) were analyzed using descriptive statistics; statistical tests were also applied, and p values 0.01 were considered significant. Most of the population continued to purchase food in supermarkets (89.5%). The frequency of product orders from markets by delivery placed by professors and graduate students was also verified (31.7% and 24.2%). There was an increase in packaging hygiene in the studied population, as well as in fruit and vegetable hygiene; however, use of inappropriate methods was noted. This paper highlights important data on the behavior of an academic community dealing with the problem of solid waste generation during the pandemic. Moreover, there were no changes in waste generation during the pandemic, although there was an increase in packaging consumption (44%). Identifying the behavior of the university community regarding hygiene and food acquisition can help societies from the perspective of transforming habits related to food. Therefore, this research provides support for future investigations and interventions in the field of foods and post-pandemic sustainability.
10	ANNY CRISTINE DE ARAUJO Effect of maternal diet on micronucleus frequency in pregnant women and newborns: a systematic review Advisor : ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA LETÍCIA HILARIO GARCIA ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES Data: Apr 13, 2023 Show Abstract The effect of diet on maternal and infant genetic levels has been reported in the literature. Diet-associated DNA damage, such as the presence of micronuclei (MN), may be related to an increased risk of developing chronic diseases such as cancer. There is particular concern about this damage during pregnancy as it may affect the newborn (NB). Thus, this review aims to summarize the primary evidence of the impact of diet on the frequency of MN in the mother-infant population. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under registration number: CRD42022302401. For elaboration, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines were considered. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Science direct databases were used to search for observational studies. Google Scholar and manual search were required to perform the “grey literature” search. Inclusion criteria were observational studies that evaluated the diet consumed by pregnant women (without chronological and gestational age restriction) using a food consumption frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and investigated the frequency of MN in these women and their NBs. No restrictions were applied regarding year of publication and language. Data analysis and extraction was performed by three reviewers independently. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The co-occurrence of the terms included in the articles was verified and a synthesis was carried out for the main findings of the selected ones. The search strategy retrieved 4558 records. Of these, 13 were read in full and 5 were included in the review. Most studies were of the cohort type (n= 4) and were carried out in the European region. A total of 875 pregnant women and 711 newborns were evaluated. Despite insufficient evidence to confirm that the diet changes the frequency of MN, the included studies found possible effects on the consumption of fried red meat and processed meats and the adequate consumption of vegetables and polyunsaturated fats. Future research is needed so that we can understand the effects of diet on genetic stability and have evidence to help plan public policies on food and nutrition or reinforce protective dietary patterns for this and future generations.
11	MARA RUBIA DE OLIVEIRA BEZERRA Charlson comorbidity index and its association with body composition and overall survival of newly acquired patients with colorectal cancer: a multicenter longitudinal study Advisor : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH FLÁVIA MORAES SILVA JOSE BARRETO CAMPELLO CARVALHEIRA Data: May 22, 2023 Show Abstract Cancer is one of the main causes of death in most countries, and in Brazil the context is similar. Estimates indicate that there will be approximately 704,000 new cases of cancer per year in Brazil for each three-year period 2023-2025. Of these, colorectal cancer (CRC) stands out with its high incidence. In addition to the diagnosis of cancer, the presence of comorbidities can impact the body composition and prognosis of these patients. Thus, knowing these characteristics is necessary to carry out interventions that will improve the quality and survival of this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the association of the Charlson`s comorbidity index adjusted to age (A-CCI) with body composition and overall survival of patients newly diagnosed with CRC. This is a multicenter longitudinal study, which evaluated patients of both sexes, adults and elderly with a recent diagnosis of CRC. Computed tomography (CT) images of the abdominal region were analyzed to determine body composition: skeletal muscle mass area (SMA), skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Comorbidities were recorded and scored. A total of 436 participants were included in the study, 50% male, the majority (58.3%) non-Caucasian and with a median age of 61 years, approximately half of the patients (50.4%) had no comorbidity, and among those who did, the most prevalent were the presence of solid metastatic tumor (24.1%), followed by uncomplicated diabetes mellitus (16.1%), kidney disease (2.3%) and asthma (2.3%). As for the A-CCI score, the median score was 4 (3;6). Significant and negative correlation between A-CCI and SMD was observed (r = -0.234, p < 0.001). COX regression results after adjusting for confounding variables indicated that patients with a high A-ICC and low SMD had a higher risk of 36-month mortality (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.8 – 2.18), while the phenotypes “low A-CCI and high SMD” and “low A-CCI and low VAT” were associated with lower risk of 36-months mortality. our findings indicate an association between SMD, VAT and comorbidity burden in patients with CRC, and the association these characteristics may increase the mortality risk. In conclusion, our findings indicate an association of SMD and comorbid burden, and the association between high A-CCI and low SMD increased mortality risk.
12	WENDJILLA FORTUNATO DE MEDEIROS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS OF OBESITY AND IN SILICO POTENTIAL OF TRYPSIN INHIBITORS ISOLATED FROM TAMARIND SEEDS AS PRECURSOR OF LIPASE INHIBITORS PEPTIDES Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ALEXANDRE COELHO SERQUIZ ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS DAVI SERRADELLA VIEIRA Data: May 25, 2023 Show Abstract Obesity is a multifactorial disease with numerous therapeutic targets and several cardiometabolic implications. Therefore, this study aimed to identify therapeutic targets for obesity through a systematic review (SR) of in silico evaluations, and to analyze the potential of peptides derived from the theoretical model of the purified trypsin inhibitor from tamarind seeds (ITTp 56/287) to interact in silico with Human Pancreatic Lipase (HPL). At first, the SR was guided by the following research question:(What therapeutic targets have been used in in silico analysis for the treatment of obesity?) based on the PECo acronym (P, problem; E, exposure; Co, context). "The SR protocol was developed and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022353808) according to the Preferred Reporting Items Checklist for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P), and the PRISMA was followed for the systematic review. The study selection was performed according to the eligibility criteria, based on PECo, in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS, and EMBASE. "The search strategy returned 938 articles, of which 9 were included in the study, resulting in the identification of six therapeutic targets studied in silico and re-evaluated in vivo. These targets consisted of five experimental structures and one obtained by modeling. Molecular docking was employed in the studies as the methodology, and the most studied target was Human Pancreatic Lipase (HPL) (n=4). The lack of methodological details led over 50% of the studies to be classified as "uncertain risk of bias" in seven out of the eleven points evaluated. For the computer simulation studies, in silico hydrolysis of ITTp 56/287 was performed (ExPASy PeptideCutter), and five peptides were selected for modeling (trRosetta), evaluation of bioactivity potential (PeptideRanker), cell penetration (CellPPD), and half-life (HLP). Molecular docking studies were conducted between ITTp 56/287, the selected peptides, and the drug Orlistat (control) to identify the interaction with LPH (PDB ID: 1LPB). The peptide (PEP2) selected for Molecular Dynamics (MD) study with LPH, conducted on GROMACS software, was classified as potentially bioactive, exhibited high stability, longer half-life in simulated intestinal environment (1.863 seconds) and interacted in the docking study (docking score -136.13) with amino acids of interest present in the catalytic pocket and hydrophobic lid of the target. In the MD simulation between PEP2 and LPH, a potential interaction energy (PIE) of -628.44 Kj.mol-1 was obtained, where four amino acid residues of PEP2 stood out as responsible for 74.3% of the PIE (Asp3, Ser1, Asp4, and Asp5). As observed, ITTp can be a source of new bioactive peptides, particularly PEP2, which proved to be a promising candidate for further study in the field of peptide-based therapy as an inhibitor of LPH, providing a basis for future in vitro and in vivo studies. Therefore, given the persistence of obesity as a public health problem and the failure of its control, the importance of combining in silico methodologies in the study of potential drug targets, as well as in the search for new therapeutic agents, is evident.
13	JULIANA MORAIS DE SOUSA Association between maternal consumption of ultraprocessed foods, feeding practices and malnutrition in infants under 6 months Advisor : KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES PATRÍCIA DE CARVALHO PADILHA Data: May 26, 2023 Show Abstract Despite the negative impact of consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) on health already being widely reported in the literature, there is still there little evidence on the consequences of maternal UPF consumption on the postnatal health of their offspring during lactation. Given this gap, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal UPF consumption, feeding practices and malnutrition of their infants. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 111 mother-child pairs up to 150 days postpartum, assisted in the growth and development monitoring program of the primary health care in Natal-RN. Feeding practices related to breastfeeding were evaluated using six indicators. Malnutrition were assessed by weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ) and BMI-for-age (BMIZ), according to the WHO growth charts. Maternal consumption was obtained using two 24-hour recalls and foods were categorized according to the NOVA classification. The binomial was grouped according to the highest quartile of energy participation of maternal UPF consumption (<Percentile 75, named Q1-3 and ≥ Percentile 75, named Q4). Binary logistic regression models adjusted for the variables income, maternal education, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), birth weight and length, were used to estimate the association between maternal UPF consumption, inappropriate feeding practices and malnutrition according to WAZ, LAZ and IMCZ. The women were 28 years old, 36% had not completed high school, most were on the poverty line (66.7%, n=74) and the participation of UPF in the maternal diet was 26.24% (0-44 CI 95%). The infants had an average of 61 days old, 72.8% were on EBF at the time of the interview and only 58.6% had received colostrum milk. One third of the infants were overweight (BMIZ) and 11.7% were stunting (LAZ), with a significant association being found between the highest quartile of UPF participation in the maternal diet and the chance of presenting some malnutrition in the infant (wasting or overweight) (OR 3.38 95%CI: 1.29 - 8.83) and stunting (OR 3.89; 95%CI 1.04 – 14.58). However, there was no association with feeding practices. The findings demonstrate that UPF consumption during lactation is associated with malnutrition in breastfed infants, reinforcing the health risks that UPF consumption may cause during lactation. These results also highlight the need for greater attention to nutritional assistance during lactation, since the impacts on growth during lactation and early childhood can induce long-term effects, including failures in growth and development of NCD in adulthood.
14	GERLANE KARINE BEZERRA NOGUEIRA Evaluation of the attendance of students with Special Food Needs within the scope of the National School Feeding Program in Rio Grande do Norte Advisor : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA LUCIANA DIAS DE OLIVEIRA URSULA VIANA BAGNI Data: Jun 16, 2023 Show Abstract The National School Feeding Program (PNAE) is considered the largest public policy in food and nutrition in the country. To serve students with Special Dietary Needs (SEN), it is required by law to prepare modified menus for specific purposes, such as food allergies, diabetes, lactose intolerance, celiac disease or any other condition that may require differentiated school meals. Considering the relevance of the theme, the present research aimed to evaluate the assistance provided to students with SEN in public schools in Rio Grande do Norte (RN). A cross-sectional study was performed, with a probabilistic sampling plan, stratified by sphere of education, at three levels: municipal, state, and federal. Data collection took place through the application, together with those responsible for the management of the school unit, of a semi-structured questionnaire, prepared from the reference notebook on school feeding for students with SEN. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data were collected from 609 schools in the RN, 461 of which were municipal schools, 142 state schools and 6 federal schools. The results by sphere of education showed that 51% of municipal schools, 50% of federal schools and 25% of state schools provided assistance to students with SEN. Therefore, it is concluded that SEN are partially attended to in public schools in the state of RN, that managers and coordinators who have knowledge through training (p<0.001) or personal experience (p<0.001) with SEN are predominantly those who provide this service. There is still no food preparation for students with SEN, either because of the lack of training of the employees involved, or because of the lack of sending specific foods, or because of the failure to identify students who have such needs.
15	LUCIANA DANIELA GURGEL DE MEDEIROS SALMON MELONS PULP FLOUR (Cucumis melo L.):: INFLUENCE OF SEASONALITY ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND POTENTIAL USE IN BAKERY PRODUCTS Advisor : THAIS SOUZA PASSOS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KELLY ALENCAR SILVA ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Jun 29, 2023 Show Abstract Salmon pulp melons are sources of vitamins, minerals, and bioactives. Internal and external factors can affect the chemical composition, which needs to be investigated comprehensively, as these data are still scarce in the literature. On the other hand, fresh melon has high water content and low acidity, so drying extends shelf life and adds value to the production chain. The study aimed to investigate the influence of the fruit harvest period on the chemical composition of melon flours and the potential application in bakery products. Flours of salmon-fleshed melon varieties (Cantaloupe, Charentais, Honey Dew) were obtained, purchased during the harvest period (September to March) and off-season (April to August), through drying in a ventilated oven (55 ̊C/24 h ). The flours were evaluated for granulometry, morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), centesimal composition, the content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, fatty acid profile, and technological properties. Three cake formulations containing Cantaloupe melon flour were developed from the replacement of wheat flour in different proportions (0, 25 and 50%), being evaluated for microbiological standards, centesimal composition, and sensory evaluation using the Hedonic Scale, Purchase Intent, and Just About Right Scale. The results showed that most of the evaluated flours were fine (MESH >16). It was verified in the chemical composition that, only for the humidity, there was a homogeneous influence of the harvest period since all the flours of the off-season presented high contents (15 to 19%) compared to those of the harvest (17 to 22%) (p < 0. 05), which may be directly related to the climatic conditions in the place of cultivation. For total phenolic compounds, it was observed that the Cantaloupe melon flours both in the harvest period (208.10 mg/100 g) and off-season (877 mg/100 g) stood out (p < 0.05). In addition, FCE had the highest antioxidant potential (328 µmol TE/g). Palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acid showed higher concentrations in melon flours in harvest and off-season. Regarding the technological properties, it was verified that the cultivation period influenced each variety in the swelling power, solubility in water, and oil absorption. In the chemical composition of the different cakes produced, it was observed that the ash, protein, lipid, and fiber contents increased due to the increase in melon pulp flour in the product, promoting an improvement in the nutritional value. Among the evaluated sensory attributes (color, sweet smell, sweet taste, and moisture), the most penalized were the sweet taste and moisture, ranging from less intense and less humid than the ideal in the standard to more intense and more humid than the ideal in the cake containing 50% melon flour. Despite this, cakes containing melon flour had an acceptance rate above 70% and did not differ from the standard. Most consumers would possibly buy melon flour products, demonstrating that they would be willing to adapt to the penalized sensory attributes.
16	INGRIDE MIRELY DA SILVA Culinary skills and associated variables in university students during the covid-19 pandemic Advisor : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA RICHELE JANAINA ARAUJO MACHADO Data: Jun 30, 2023 Show Abstract The process of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, which determined a greater stay at home, led to important social changes for individuals and changes in the population's lifestyle and eating behavior, requiring greater use of skills and techniques cuisines for preparing meals on a daily basis. The present study aimed to evaluate the culinary skills of the academic community of a university during the pandemic. 972 students participated in the study, 808 undergraduate students and 164 graduate students. Sociodemographic and meal preparation information was collected from the participants using an online form. The Brazilian Questionnaire for the Assessment of Culinary Skills and Healthy Eating was applied, with 36 questions divided into 7 scales: (1) Availability and accessibility of fruits, vegetables, and seasonings; (2) Culinary Attitude; (3) Culinary Behavior; (4) Culinary self-efficacy; (5) Self-efficacy in the Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables; (6) Use of Basic Cooking Techniques; (7) Self-efficacy in the Use of Fruits, Vegetables and Vegetables and Seasonings; (8) Assessment of Culinary Knowledge. The level of cooking skills was obtained from the sum of scales 2 to 7. A scoring scale was established for the equipment and utensils available at home, whose final sum was fed up to 38 points, in this way, those who had such equipment and/or or utensil received 1 point, while those who did not have or were unaware of it did not score. Variables associated with cooking skills in each group were studied using logistic regressions. The median age was 25.0 years. Most were women (72.6%), had no children (87.6%) and 57.8% declared living with their parents and/or grandparents. High cooking skills were predominant in the studied population, 65.8% of undergraduate students and 57.3% of graduate students. Note that the profile of students who have high culinary skills were women who self-reported knowing how to cook and having the help of one more person to prepare meals at home, would have their main meal at home and had more preparation of meals in the family environment during the pandemic. The median time available for cooking was 120 minutes. The median score, in both groups, for the “Availability and accessibility of fruits and vegetables” scales was 6.0 points, demonstrating average availability of Fruits and Vegetables; “Culinary attitude” intermediate (15.0 points) and high “Culinary skills” 78.0 (p value < 0.05). The variables used in the multivariate analysis do not appear to be predictors of lower culinary ability among undergraduate students. However, for graduate students who self-reported not knowing how to cook, the logistic regressions showed an AOR = 7.12 (2.51 – 20.13) indicating a higher odds ratio for having low/medium cooking skills. Graduate students with high cooking skills had a greater median time available for cooking of 120, (90.0 – 180.0) and a utensil score of 31.0 (28.0 – 34.3) when compared to those who had low and medium cooking skills (p < 0.05). Thus, the study demonstrated that culinary skills may be related to personal and behavioral factors that encompass confidence, interest and knowledge, as well as aspects of availability of time, food, utensils and equipment, suggesting that such skills emerge as a bridge to healthier eating practices.
17	BRUNO JONATAN DE SOUSA Lead in leafy vegetables from organic and conventional production systems: systematic review and meta-analysis Advisor : KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO NATÁLIA CALDEIRA DE CARVALHO Data: Jul 5, 2023 Show Abstract Lead (Pb) is one the 10 chemicals of major public health concern listed by World Health Organization, being associated with toxicity in all organs. One reason for Pb occurrence in food are agricultural practices, for instance, when pesticides containing Pb are used. In this context, organic production systems are highlighted for not using pesticides. Considering that, this systematic review (SR) and metaanalysis was conducted aiming to investigate if there are differences in Pb levels in organic (OLV) and conventional leafy vegetables (CLV). This SR’s protocol was registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD42022306048) and based on the PRISMA-P 2015 and its checklist. PECOS was used as a guiding acronym of the present study and of its eligibility criteria, referring to the population (OLV), exposure (Pb levels), comparator (CLV), outcomes (Pb levels in OLV and CLV, and secondary outcomes), and study type (studies reporting primary data). Thus, only analytical, cross-sectional studies which reported data on the analysis of Pb in OLV and CLV were been included. Searches were run on the electronic databases GRICultural OnLine Access (AGRICOLA), CAB Direct, Embase, Food Science and Technology Abstracts (FSTA/EBSCO), GALE Academic OneFile, Google Scholar, International System for Agricultural Science and Technology (AGRIS), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Medline (OVID), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), Scopus, e Web of Science, besides manual searches in articles, directory and archives of thesis and dissertations. No restriction was applied regarding language or publication period. A total of 3,742 registers were imported into the application Rayyan Intelligent Systematic Review. The study selection was conducted by two independent researchers, and conflicting decisions were solved by a third researcher. Revman was the software used for the meta-analyses, and the risk of bias was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for studies reporting prevalence data. GRADE was used for assessing the quality of scientific evidence. After the selection stages, 24 studies were included, of which 22 (91.67%) presented low risk of bias, while two (8.33%) presented medium risk, and none presented high risk. Considering the results reported in dry weight, the mean difference (MD) of the Pb level of 0.22 mg/kg higher in OLV was not significant (p=0.26), being classified as evidence of ‘low certainty’. As for the results reported in fresh weight, the MD of 0.01 mg/kg lower in OLV was significant (p=0.008), being classified as evidence of ‘moderate certainty’, thus answering this SR’s question in favor of OLV. The most frequent vegetables were lettuce, cabbage, spinach and celery. The most frequent analytical methods were inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Four studies (16.67%) presented Pb levels above the maximum limits for at least one sample. Some of the main limitations observed were studies’ non-reporting of Pb detection and quantification limits, nor presenting results in fresh weight.
18	JESSICA ANARELLIS BARBOSA DOS SANTOS EXTRACTION AND ENCAPSULATION OF ANTHOCYANINS AND OTHER POLYPHENOLS FROM JAMBOLAN (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) Advisor : JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JALUZA LUANA CARVALHO DE QUEIROZ JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Aug 24, 2023 Show Abstract Jambolan (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels) has been studied as a potential source of antioxidants and food colorant due to its phenolic composition, which includes flavonoids such as anthocyanins. The objective of this work was to obtain and encapsulate an extract rich in anthocyanins and other polyphenols from jambolan. Three extraction techniques in 70% (v/v) acidified ethanol were compared: water bath (BM); exhaustive centrifugation (CE); and ultrasonic bath (UAE). The efficiency of these methods was evaluated by the content of Total Phenolics (FT), Total Monomeric Anthocyanins (AMT) and antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH tests). For encapsulation, two formulations were developed, containing 2.2 g extract (20 mg AMT; 97 mg FT), 0.5 g pectin; and 1.5 g whey protein concentrate (EWPC) or whey protein isolate (EWPI). Nanoprecipitation was performed in organic solvent with different antisolvent phase compositions (absolute acetone – EWPC100 and EWPI100, 70% v/v – EWPC70 and EWPI70, or 50% v/v – EWPC50 and EWPI50). The encapsulates were characterized in terms of encapsulation efficiency (EE%), in order to select the best formulations, which were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X ray diffraction (DRX). The FT content did not differ between methods (BM: 17.01 ± 0.55; EC: 16.86 ± 0.63; UAE: 17.75 ± 0.44 mg/g), but the AMT content differed significantly between BM and the other methods (BM: 4.88 ± 0.13 mg/g; EC: 5.79 ± 0.33 mg/g; UAE: 6.16 ± 0.26 mg/g), with UAE extracted the same amount of AMT in 1/3 of the EC time. In the antioxidant activity, EC was lower than BM and UAE by ABTS (BM: 100.84 ± 1.83; EC: 74.38 ± 1.34; UAE: 100.78 ± 4.80) and DPPH (BM: 555, 73 ± 118.80; EC: 352.06 ± 46.03; UAE: 544.05 ± 96.57), results expressed in mmol Trolox equivalent/ g of dried fruit, suggesting a profile of different compounds in the extracts. The IC50 in the ABTS test (BM: 0.18; EC: 0.20; UAE: 0.21 mg/mL) were similar to other plant matrices, corroborating to the antioxidant potential of jambolan. Sequentially, UAE was used in the encapsulation step because it presents a good extraction yield of the compounds of interest and saves time. There was no significant difference between the EE% of FT (73.81± 6.72% to 84.65 ± 1.26%) among the encapsulated materials, however EWPC100, EWPC50, EWPI100 and EWPI50 showed higher EE% of AMT (56 .89 ± 1.29%; 48.65 ± 1.74%; 35.24 ± 1.24%; 36.33 ± 2.76, respectively). Zeta potential analysis at pH 4.7 showed values between -8.3 to -10.3 mV, and particle sizes ranged from 302 nm (EWPI50) to 1263.8 nm (EWPC100). FTIR showed that all encapsulated presented spectra similar to those of the proteins used, in addition to displacements and formation of new bands (1072 to 1022 cm-1 in EWPC100, EWPC50 and EWPI50 and in 1072 and 1026 cm-1 in EWPI100), which indicates interaction between the materials. The diffractograms showed that all encapsulated presented amorphous structure. These results show the potential of nanoprecipitation and the combination of encapsulating agents in the production of nanoparticles containing jambolan polyphenols, which can protect and optimize the application of these compounds.
19	DANIELA ANTUNES PACHECO Exposure to the mixture of essential and toxic elements in institutionalized older adults and associations with glycemic control and lipid profile Advisor : LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANDRE DUCATI LUCHESSI BRUNA ZAVARIZE REIS CAMILO DE LELIS MEDEIROS DE MORAIS LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA Data: Sep 19, 2023 Show Abstract Background: Populations are constantly exposed simultaneously to essential and toxic elements. The excess or deficiency of these substances can affect several metabolic functions such as glycemic control and lipid profile. Elderly people have a progressive deficiency in the ability to detoxify by the elements, and at the same time, are susceptible to dyslipidemia and changes in glycemic control. Aim: to evaluate the association of the mixture of essential and toxic elements in the plasma of institutionalized elderly people and to test the associations with the variables of glycemic control and lipid profile. Methods: The present cross-sectional study consisted of 149 elderly people living in public and private nursing homes in the city of Natal/RN. Six essential elements (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn) and ten toxic elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Hg, Li, Ni, Pb, Rb and Sr) defined the composition of the mixture, which were evaluated in the plasma by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS). Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to estimate potential interactions between elements and test associations with blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and triglycerides. The model was adjusted using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) method using a Gibbs/MetropolisHastings hybrid MCMC algorithm. The covariates gender, age, type of LTCF, race/color, BMI, smoking, alcoholism, and number of comorbidities were used to adjust the model. Results: The population of elderly people was mostly (60%) ≥ 80 years old. The highest values of the probability of a posteriori inclusion of the groups (PIP) were observed regarding the effect of Fe on total cholesterol (PIP = 0.4192); and of Ba (PIP = 0.6802), Cu (0.3970) and Fe (0.3490) on triglycerides. The responses to exposure in the univariate analysis were approximately linear, except for Fe. No association was observed after fixation of all metals in a specific percentile (25º, 50º, or 75º). The mixture of the elements was negatively associated with total and LDL cholesterol at concentrations below the 40th and 30th percentiles. No association was detected between the mixture of the elements and the parameters of glycemic control. Conclusion: the mixture of the elements, in lower concentration, was negatively associated with total cholesterol and LDL. Fe played a crucial role in the outcome of total cholesterol. These results suggest that lower co-exposure to a mixture of essential and toxic elements indicated a lower risk of increasing total cholesterol and LDL-c in the study population.
20	ANNA LUISA MOURA ALENCAR ROCHA Dietary Inflammatory Index and association with sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors in adults and older adults: Brazuca Natal Study Advisor : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES SORAIA PINHEIRO MACHADO ARRUDA Data: Sep 26, 2023 Show Abstract The Inflammatory Dietary Index (IDI) assesses the inflammatory potential of food, which may be related to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the IDI and sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors in adults and older adults’ participants of the Brazilian Usual Consumption Assessment – (Brazuca) Natal. The cross-sectional study was carried out with 411 adults and older adults’ people, of both sexes, living in the city of Natal/RN. Food consumption was assessed through two 24-hour recalls, using the GloboDiet® software, the first via a face-to-face interview and the second via a telephone survey. The pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed using IDI. The sociodemographic and lifestyle variables evaluated were sex, stage of life, race or color, marital status, education, per capita household income, smoking, alcohol consumption and level of physical activity. Cardiovascular risk was analyzed considering a cluster analysis that included measurements of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (Hg/mm), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (Hg/mm), Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2) and Waist circumference (WC) (cm). The statistics included descriptive analysis considering the nature of the variables, and the estimates were weighted considering the Complex Sample. The IID components were demonstrated by means and their respective 95% confidence intervals. To evaluate the association between cardiovascular risk clusters, the IID, sociodemographic and lifestyle conditions of the participants, crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated using Poisson Regression models, with robust variance. We showed that most participants consumed a pro-inflammatory diet, 79.6%. The results of the cluster analysis resulted in two groupings. Cluster 1, called the highest cardiovascular risk cluster, observed the following center values in standard deviations: SBP (0.665), DBP (0.605), BMI (0.568), WC (0.587). For cluster 2, which was called the lower cardiovascular risk cluster, the following center values in standard deviations were observed: SBP (-0.580), DBP (-0.507), BMI (-0.519), WC (-0.473). The pseudo F statistics values were significant (p<0.001) for all variables. In the bivariate analysis, no association was found with the IID, but an association was observed between the stage of life, where elderly people had a 39% higher prevalence of belonging to the cluster with the highest cardiovascular risk, when compared to adults (RP=1.39, p=0.007). It was also observed that individuals with 1 to 9 years of education are 53% more likely to belong to the cluster with the highest cardiovascular risk (RP=1.53, p=0.018). In the multiple analysis, variables with values p<0.20 were included, however only the education variable remained significant (p<0.05). We conclude that the diet of the studied population has a high inflammatory potential and that elderly people and those with low education have a higher prevalence of risk factors for CVD.
21	MELISSA NUNES MOIA ASSOCIATIONS OF MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM AND THE CALCIUM/MAGNESIUM RATIO IN PLASMA WITH THE COMPONENTS OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OTHER CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS IN ADULTS AND THE OLDER PEOPLE Advisor : KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : Graziela Biude Silva Duarte KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES Data: Sep 28, 2023 Show Abstract Evidence indicates that low concentrations of magnesium concomitant with high concentrations of calcium lead to a higher calcium/magnesium ratio (Ca/Mg), whose results have been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors related to Metabolic Syndrome (MS). This study aimed to evaluate the associations between magnesium, calcium and the Ca/Mg ratio in plasma with MS components and other cardiometabolic risk factors, in adults and elderly people with and without MS. This is a cross-sectional study, carried out with participants in the BRAZUCA-Natal Study. Sociobiodemographic data, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Magnesium and calcium concentrations were measured in plasma using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A total of 112 participants evaluated for the diagnosis of MS were included, according to the harmonized criteria for MS, and distributed into groups of individuals with and without MS. Linear regression models were run using the hierarchical method to determine associations between elements and other variables. MS was identified in 50% of the population, especially in female participants. There were no significant differences in plasma magnesium and calcium concentrations and Ca/Mg ratio between the studied groups (all p > 0.05). Mean values of magnesium and calcium concentrations in both groups were considered within reference values. However, a frequency of hypomagnesemia of 13.4% was observed, while excess plasma calcium was 16% in the studied population. No correlation was recorded between plasma magnesium and any of the studied cardiometabolic variables (all p>0.05). Calcium concentrations were negatively correlated with HDL-c (r= -0.335; p = 0.000), TAG (r= -0.294; p = 0.002), total cholesterol (r= -0.554; p = 0.000), LDL- c (r= -0.310; p = 0.001) and not HDL-c (r= -0.385; p = 0.000). On the other hand, the calcium/magnesium ratio was also negatively correlated with HDL-c (r= -0.260; p = 0.007), TAG (r= -0.336; p= 0.000), total cholesterol (r= -0.508; p = 0.000), LDL-c (r= - 0.314; p = 0.001), VLDL-c (r= -0.231; p= 0.018), non-HDL-c (r= -0.413; p= 0.000) and combined lipoprotein index (LCI) (r= -0.215; p= 0.028). Linear regression analyses indicated no associations between magnesium and fasting insulin, HOMAIR and hs-CRP (all p>0.05). However, there were associations between plasma calcium and total cholesterol (β= -0.020; p=0.000; R²=0.238), HDL-c (β=-0.046; p=0.005; R²= 0.267). There were also associations between the calcium/magnesium ratio and total cholesterol (β= -0.025; p=0.000; R²= 0.184) and LDL-c (β=0.017; p=0.020; R²= 0.231). These results was indicate no difference in the concentrations of the elements between the groups, however, important associations of calcium and the Ca/Mg ratio with the risk factors related to MS were evidenced.
22	WILMA FABIANA FERREIRA DA SILVA Nutritional profile of foods bid at federal education institutes Advisor : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : DINARA LESLYE MACEDO E SILVA CALAZANS INGRID WILZA LEAL BEZERRA VIRGÍLIO JOSÉ STRASBURG Data: Dec 13, 2023 Show Abstract School meals aim to contribute to the growth and biopsychosocial development, learning, academic performance, and the formation of students' healthy eating habits by offering meals that cover their nutritional needs. In public educational institutions, food acquisition occurs through formal public purchasing models, with bidding in the auction mode being the most used. The criteria required in bidding processes, such as the lowest price of products, can contribute to the acquisition of foods with an excess of critical nutrients, which have been linked to unfavorable outcomes for healthy eating habits and health. Given this, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional profile of foods bid at the Federal Teaching Institutes of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN). A cross-sectional/observational survey was carried out in 15 IFRN, in which data from public tenders were collected, referring to the years 2019, 2020, and 2021, to evaluate the nutritional profile of the foods tendered to compose the menus offered to students. The results showed that most foods approved during the evaluated period were classified as fresh or minimally processed, representing 59.70%, 55.60%, and 73.10% of the total foods tendered in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. Of the total food tendered in the period above, 21 to 31% were classified as processed and ultra-processed foods. Furthermore, it was found that, for the most part, the tendered foods classified as processed and ultra-processed presented an excess of at least one critical nutrient. The foods at this level of processing most frequently were cream crackers, cheeses, and cakes, in addition to the presence of foods with transgenic ingredients in the bids analyzed. The majority of approved foods in 2019 and 2021 had local origins (50.70% and 59.21%, respectively), while in 2020 the majority had national origins (37.50%). It is concluded that, although most of the foods tendered by the IFRN evaluated are fresh or minimally processed, there was a considerable percentage of ultra-processed foods with an excess of critical nutrients, in addition to the considerable presence of foods with transgenic ingredients in their composition.

2022

	Dissertations
1	STHEPHANY RAYANNE GOMES DE SOUZA Evaluation of the insertion of family farming products in Federal Education Institutes of Rio Grande do Norte Advisor : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : SUELLEN SECCHI MARTINELLI FLÁVIA MILAGRES CAMPOS PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM Data: Mar 4, 2022 Show Abstract Amid the current scenario of food production and consumption and its socioeconomic, environmental, and public health repercussions, the potential of Brazilian school feeding and public food purchases to induce changes in food systems through public actions and policies that favor sustainable development. Recently, the “Public Call” purchase modality was instituted and opened spaces for family farming in institutional purchases in the country. However, there is still a need for analyzes and adjustments that allow for better implementation of its policies, which show points for improvement and reflection on the intrinsic conditions of production and marketing that encompass these farmers. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate public purchases of foodstuffs from family farming for school meals in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN). A documentary analysis of the Public Call notices of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and Food Acquisition Program, modality Institutional Purchase (PAA-CI) was carried out, considering the following analysis criteria: financial investment, between the years 2012 to 2020; for the characterization of family farmers, evaluation of food homologated on the public calls and food processing classification, it was considered the year of 2020. Public Calls from 15 campuses distributed among the 11 immediate regions of the State of Rio Grande do Norte were studied. The results revealed a financial investment for the food purchase from family farming ≥ 30% on most campuses evaluated since the insertion of the PNAE and PAA-CI in the IFRN, even with decreases in recent years. Related to the characterization of family farmers, in their form of organization, the majority (56.25%) were grouped (formally or informally), with priority given to the supply of fruit, however, few (6.25%) were characterized as agroecological producers. Among the homologated foods, “fruits” and “foods with limited supply” (mainly cakes and dairy drinks) were the most frequent, and of the 5.2% not homologated, 63.6%were due to the non-presenting a food sample for sanitary control and 36.4% due to the absence of proposals to supply the products contained in the public notice. Of the total of the foods listed in the calls, 83.06% were in natura or minimally processed. However, processed and ultra-processed foods were present, requested above 25% in some regions. This study contributed to understanding the context of the participation of family farmers within the institutional market of public purchases of the federal institutes of RN, evidencing gaps in such processes, being able to act beyond the guarantee of food supply in public facilities, due to the relevance of the food and nutrition and family farming policies as environmental, nutritional, social and economic protection networks, promoting food and nutrition security.
2	MIRIAM FARIAS DA SILVA Food Insecurity, Quality of Life and Health among People with Disabilities: Brazuca Natal Study Advisor : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA ALINE ALVES FERREIRA DIOGO VALE URSULA VIANA BAGNI Data: Mar 4, 2022 Show Abstract People with Disabilities (PwD) are more vulnerable and tend to have more unfavorable health outcomes due to the barriers they face, resulting in unequal access to education, employment, health care, quality of life (QoL) and, consequently, food insecurity. (AI). Objective: To understand the dimension of AI, QoL and the health conditions of PwD. Methodology: A hybrid study based on the BRAZUCA Natal Study, comprising a cross-sectional study and a case control. For the cross-sectional study, 39 PwD were evaluated, who were also part of the case group (16 adults and 23 elderly people). For the control case, 78 people without disabilities were included (46 adults and 32 elderly people). Data collection was carried out in person between August 2019 and March 2020. Participants were interviewed regarding demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric nutritional status and health conditions. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA), the World Health Organization's Quality of Life questionnaires – WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD were applied, and anthropometric measurements were evaluated. Results: Physical disability was the most frequent (48.7%). Among the PWD, 81.6% did not have paid work, 86.8% reported not drinking and 78.6% did not smoke and 44% were overweight. Regarding the difficulty in buying food, 63.2% (CI 47.4% - 78.9%) reported high/extreme difficulty for processed foods and 57.9% (CI 42.1% - 73.7%) fresh. A large part had difficulties eating in restaurants (47.4%; CI 31.6% – 63.2%); to store food (52.6%; CI 36.8% – 68.4%); and to prepare food (60.5%; CI 44.7% – 76.3%). While no or low difficulty was found to identify foods that were unsuitable for consumption (63.2%; CI 47.4 – 78.9); putting food on the plate (50%; CI 34.2 – 65.8); eating solid foods (55.3%; CI 39.5 – 71.1); soft foods (97.4%; CI 92.1 – 100); using a knife and fork (62.2%; CI 47.4 – 78.9) and filling glasses and bottles (47.4%; CI 31.6 – 63.2). Most reported the need for caregivers or family members to buy food (86.8%). When comparing cases and controls, the multimorbidity variable was much higher in the case group (69.2%), as well as in the occurrence of AI (56.8%). The QOL domains were smaller for PwD. Conclusion: PwD have low autonomy to buy and prepare their own food, which can impact food choices and unhealthy habits, as well as AI. PwD had higher proportions of AI and multimorbidities in relation to non-PwD in the evaluated population. The QoL domains were lower for PwD, and it was observed that the physical domain was the one with the highest mean difference, putting PwD in worse conditions in terms of quality of life.
3	PLÁCIDO LOURENÇO FERNANDES JÚNIOR FOOD INSECURITY AND FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY IN THE OLDER PEOPLE: results of the International Mobility in Aging Study – IMIAS Advisor : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA DIOGO VALE KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES Data: Mar 29, 2022 Show Abstract Changes in food security levels can reflect on losses in functional mobility and muscle strength, and consequently, quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the occurrence of Food Insecurity (FI) with Functional Mobility and health and nutrition conditions in older people. It is a cross-sectional study carried out on three continents and nested within the International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS) cohort. Data were obtained from the collection carried out in the third wave in 2016 at five cities: Kingston and St. Hyacinthe, in Canada (North America); Tirana in Albania (Europe), Manizales in Colombia, and Natal in Brazil (South America), totaling 1506 older people. To verify the occurrence of FI at home, we used the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA), and to assess functional mobility, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The independent variables were: muscle strength, measured with a manual dynamometer; the anthropometric nutritional status, verified by the Body Mass Index (BMI); and multimorbidity when the person had two or more non-communicable chronic diseases. The results showed that up to 30% of the population had some degree of FI at home, and more frequent in underdeveloped countries. Older people with food insecurity at home had lower scores in all stages of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and a higher proportion of older people with restricted mobility (PR=1.66; 95%CI 1.30;2.11). The occurrence of FI at home and limited mobility were more frequent among the oldest old (>75 years) and among women, and higher frequencies occurred in the cities of Tirana, Manizales, and Natal (in descending order). More than half of the evaluated population was overweight/obese and had multimorbidity. The overweight/obesity, multimorbidity, and reduced muscle strength were associated with reduced mobility, but they were not associated with FI at home. In conclusion, the cities located in Albania, Colombia, and Brazil were the highest occurrences of FI at home. Reduced mobility was positively associated with food insecurity at home, overweight/obesity, multimorbidity, and reduced muscle strength.
4	SUAMY SALES BARBOSA HYPERTENSION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH FOOD CONSUMPTION, SOCIAL AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS Advisor : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA ZAVARIZE REIS DANIELA SILVA CANELLA MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA Data: Jun 27, 2022 Show Abstract Arterial hypertension (AH) is correlated with social determinants of health (SDH) and unhealthy eating practices, such as the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF). This study aimed to develop a systematic review (SR) on the consumption of processed foods (AP) and AUP with HA and to carry out a cross-sectional study to assess the influence of SDH and dietary practices on the occurrence of AH in adults and the elderly. RS used the acronym PICOS and the databases Embase, PubMed, and LILACS20, following the PRISMA20 guidelines and had its registration in PROSPERO under registration CRD420. The descriptive cross-sectional study of the research was a population-based subproject BRAZUCA (Brazilian Usual Consumption Assessment) - Natal. The survey carried out between June 2019 and March 2020 was carried out at home on the Epicollect platform5. The initial sampling plan was 1,020. The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in a sample of 411 people. The following data were reported: DSS lifestyle; anthropometry; food consumption and blood pressure (BP). Consumption was evaluated based on dietary practices on a multi-scale based on the Guide, whose food score was used as low, medium, or high Brazilian diet adherence to the Guide. AH was considered when a systolic BP was ≥140mmHg and/or a diastolic BP ≥90mmHg. Data were analyzed by Stata® Software version 14. Normality was tested by Komogorov. Central tendency measures were used for continuous variables; and proportion for categorical variables. The chi-square test was performed with Rao-Scott correction, with a significance level of 5%. Poisson regression included in the final model the variables that presented values of p<0.05. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated. In RS, 2323 documents were recruited, of which 9 articles were selected. A positive association was identified between UPF consumption and PA/HA, not being observed for PA. In the cross-sectional study, 57.7% of patients have high BP. At the end of the analysis of adult life, the model by stage of life, smoking, smoking, income, education, and color of life showed that men had a 19% lower prevalence of PA (= 0.081; p=016). Mean association with food guide was a 17% lower prevalence of higher BP (PR=0.083; p<0.07). CP was associated with a higher prevalence of the event. Individuals with comorbidities had a 21% higher BP prevalence than people without this history. No association was observed between DSS and high BP. We conclude, based on RS, that UPF is associated with a higher risk of developing AH in adults and the elderly. And, in its cross-sectional study, there was an association between adherence to the Food Guide and reinforcement, the need to promote a healthy lifestyle, so that adequate environmental and social factors prevent the development of AH and diseases.
5	JESSICA RAISSA CARLOS GOMES Food insecurity in the academic community during the COVID-19 pandemic – BRAZUCA COVID Advisor : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA DOROTEIA APARECIDA HOFELMANN Data: Aug 19, 2022 Show Abstract The disease, disease by the population- of the new coronavirus, called the disease of the daily activities of the population, due to social distance to stop the advance In Brazil, one of the measures for the suspension of classes, with possible impacts on universities, on life habits of a vast contingent that form the academic community. This study aimed to investigate the food pandemic in the academic community of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). It is a cross-sectional collection through an online study from 20 to February 2021 with undergraduate students, postgraduate students, administrative technical servers and professors. The content already variable socioeconomic and Brazilian Food Security Scale (EBIA validated. The average of participants was 27 years old, most were female (65.7%) and 30.2% had income between 1 to 3 years of age between 1 to 3 years. Feeding was higher4,4 the feeding groups with higher40% feeding36% feeding1.5% feeding,5% feeding. OR greater reduction in food incomes during the pandemic or greater reduction in food chances during the pandemic. Thus, the study of knowledge has a significant importance for undergraduate students in the academic community, especially training and graduate students. Therefore, this population must be prioritized in public policies that meet the needs of this vulnerable condition.
6	GERCIANE SILVA DE OLIVEIRA EVALUATION OF THE GENOTOXICITY OF TRYPSIN INHIBITOR ISOLATED FROM TAMARIND SEED (Tamarindus indica L.) AND OF THE IN VITRO AND IN SILIUM ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF ITS DERIVATIVE PEPTIDES Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS RICHELE JANAINA ARAUJO MACHADO Data: Aug 30, 2022 Show Abstract Bacterial infections have become a global concern. As a result, the search for natural and safe therapeutic agents with antibacterial action, such as protease inhibitors, is increasing. In the present study, the genotoxicity of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (ITT) was evaluated and the antibacterial effect of its derived peptides was investigated in vitro and in silico. For this, initially, the ITT was obtained by trypsin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and identified. Biological safety was evaluated through the cytotoxicity of ITT using the MTT method and genotoxicity using the CBMN in CHO-K1 cells, using 0.3 and 0.6 mg/mL. The ITT digestion pattern was established by means of simulated digestion and proteolytic hydrolysis in vitro, simulating the oral, gastric and intestinal phases according to the INFOGEST protocol, however, digestion fluids were not used for hydrolysis. To determine enzymatic susceptibility, the digested/hydrolyzed ITT was monitored by molecular mass analysis and inhibitory activity on trypsin. The antibacterial activity in vitro was tested for the hydrolyzed ITT. For in silico cleavage, the theoretical model of ITT, number 56, and conformation number 287 (ITTp 56/287) was used, being subjected to theoretical cleavage with the combination of trypsin and chymotrypsin (determined by simulated digestion), using the analysis tool PeptideCutter from the ExPASy server. Subsequently, to select the peptide with antibacterial potential, these were aligned with the ITTp 56/287 to identify the positions of amino acid residues using the CLUSTAL W server and after selecting the peptide with the greatest antibacterial potential, the molecular dynamics (DM ) using the GROMACS package. The ITT (0.3 and 0.6 mg/mL) did not cause cytotoxicity or genotoxicity in the cells (p<0.05), when digested/hydrolyzed in vitro, it remained intact in the oral and gastric phases, while the intestinal enzymes (trypsin and chymotrypsin) were effective in cleaving the ITT. The hydrolyzed ITT (7mg/mL) evaluated for antibacterial activity in vitro against E. faecalis, S. aureus and S. epidermidis, at the concentrations tested, did not show bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity. In silico analysis, Peptidetripchyme59 (TVSQTPIDIPIGLPVR) showed amphipathic amino acid residues, hydrophobicity 0.636 and α-helix structure. In DM, Peptidotrychyme59 showed interaction potential energy (EPI) of -518.08 kcal.mol-1 with the membrane of Gram-positive bacteria and threonine and arginine residues showed the best EPI. Therefore, the results bring new perspectives of studies and applications for ITT and its derived peptides on antibacterial activity.
7	MARIA HATJIATHANASSIADOU ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINTS OF FOOD CONSUMPTION AND FOOD PURCHASE PRACTICES OF RESIDENTS IN NATAL/RN: BRAZUCA-STUDY NATAL Advisor : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : Aline Martins de Carvalho LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA MICHELLE CRISTINE MEDEIROS JACOB Data: Sep 6, 2022 Show Abstract Negative repercussions caused by current food systems highlight the urgency of adopting healthier and more sustainable diets. The analysis of environmental impacts from populations’ diet and eating practices can help identify solutions to achieve sustainable food, considering the environmental, social, and economic dimensions. This work aims to estimate the environmental footprints of food consumption (EFF) of people living in Natal/RN and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics, food purchase practices, and adherence to the recommendations of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (FGPB). Data from 411 people aged ≥20 years from the BRAZUCA Natal Study were used. Food consumption data were assessed through a Propensity Questionnaire (PQ), where the frequency of consumption of food groups was evaluated. The EFF (Water Footprint - WF, Carbon Footprint - CF, and Ecological Footprint - EF) were estimated considering standardization of 1,000 kcal/day. The relationship between socioeconomic and demographic data, food purchase practices, and FGPB adherence with EFF was investigated. To verify the difference in EFF values between categories of a variable, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis U tests were performed. EFF was divided into tertiles (Low, Medium, and High) to assess association with other variables using Correspondence Analysis. The estimated per capita value of CF, WF and EF was 2,126.94 g CO2eq/person/day/1,000 kcal, 2,078.09 L/person/day/1,000 kcal and 15.78 m2/person/day/1,000 kcal, respectively. Meat was the food that most contributed to all three EFF, with emphasis on red meat (CF and WF) and fish (EF). The highest values of CF and WF were observed in adults, male, Caucasian, with higher per capita family income, and higher education, who had more meals in cafeterias, consumed more fast food, and used more food delivery services. Lower EFF values were observed in elderly, female, non-Caucasian, with lower per capita family income, and lower education, who had fewer meals in cafeterias, consumed less fast food, and used food delivery services less. People with the highest EFF consumed more red meat, dairy products, and ultra-processed products, while those with the lowest EFF consumed more chicken, bread, sugar, couscous, and tapioca. The findings indicate that better dietary practices were associated with lower EFF, however; it is important to highlight the relationship between lower EFF and aspects of the population’s socioeconomic vulnerability. Recognizing these relationships enables the adoption of individual and collective actions aimed at promoting healthier and more sustainable diets for all.
8	PRISCILA GOMES DE OLIVEIRA Impacts of Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods on the Maternal-Child Health: A Systematic Review Advisor : KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : DANIELA VASCONCELOS DE AZEVEDO KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES RENATA BERTAZZI LEVY Data: Oct 31, 2022 Show Abstract The consumption of ultra-processed foods has had a negative impact on the quality of the diet, increasing the risk of health problems and diseases related to overweight in the adult population. Despite this, there is still little evidence that studies the impact of this consumption on maternal and child health, and it is of great importance to systematize this information. The objective of this study was to evaluate, from the literature, the existence of an impact of the consumption of ultra-processed foods on the health of pregnant women, lactating women and children. A systematic review registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42021236633) was performed, following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Metanalysis (PRISMA), in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo and CAPES directory. The eligibility criteria adopted were: a) to present food consumption by the NOVA classification, b) to be observational studies developed with the population of pregnant women, lactating women or infants/children; and c) analysis of health outcomes (nutritional and diseases) associated with UPF consumption. All data were analyzed and extracted into a structured spreadsheet by two independent reviewers. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (Rob 2). The searches retrieved 8.294 studies and 24 met the eligibility criteria. Most of the included studies were cohort studies (n=14, 58.3%), had pregnant women as a population (n=13, 54.2%) and only two studies evaluated UPF consumption in infants and lactating women. Panoramically, it was observed that the greater participation of UPF in the diet of the populations studied has been associated with different maternal and child outcomes, such as increased weight gain, adiposity, fetal growth-restricted, cognitive development, smaller diet quality, early weaning and satiety, metabolic alterations, diseases, lower availability of vitamin E in breastmilk, and consumption of plastic originated from packaging. Only one of the included studies did not show high methodological quality. Despite the limited literature on UPF consumption and its health outcomes in the maternal-infant population, higher UPF consumption had a negative impact on nutrition indicators and disease development at all stages of life studied. Considering the expressive participation of these foods in the diet, other studies should be conducted to further investigate the impact of UPF consumption on different health indicators, especially in the lactation phase for this was the one to present the most important knowledge gap.
9	PAULA EMILIA NUNES RIBEIRO BELLOT Lipid profile and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity – Brazuca Natal study Advisor : KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : Graziela Biude Silva Duarte KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA KASSIO MICHELL GOMES DE LIMA Data: Nov 18, 2022 Show Abstract Obesity is a multifactorial condition, and it is currently one of the main public health issues. Studies involving lipidomic point to an association between obesity and dysfunction of lipid metabolism, and the consequent development of associated metabolic diseases. This study aims to evaluate the lipidomic profile and cardiometabolic risk factors of adults and elderly subjects with and without obesity. This is a cross-sectional study, part of a larger study called “Food insecurity, health and nutrition in adults and elderly persons in a city of Northeast in Brazil: Natal BRAZUCA Study”, a population-based study, carried out with adults and elderly residents in Natal/RN. The sample consisted of 72 individuals matched by sex and age in two groups, with and without obesity (n=36 each). The following data were collected: sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, presence of chronic noncommunicable diseases, energy intake, total fat, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated fatty acids, anthropometric measurements (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference), visceral adiposity index and blood pressure. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis (lipid, glycemic and inflammatory profiles) and lipidomic analysis, which was performed in plasma using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. It was identified that 73.6% of the individuals had dyslipidemia and the average intake of saturated fatty acids was higher than desired (>7%) while the intake of monounsaturated fatty acids was below the target (15%). It was observed that 72.2% of the participants with obesity had metabolic syndrome (p=0.004), higher waist circumference (p<0.001), visceral adiposity index (p=0.029), HOMA-IR (p=0.010) and triglycerides (TAG) (p=0.018), compared to the group of nonobese individuals. Diffusion-edited 1H-NMR spectra indicate characteristic peaks for low and medium polarity lipids, mostly attributed to triacylglycerols of saturated fatty acids and, in a smaller amount, unsaturated fatty acids groups (-CH=CH-). Using the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model (OLPS-DA), a behavior with more dispersions of lipid metabolites was observed in the group of obese individuals. Among the lipids with the highest values of variables importance projection (VIP), only six metabolites had lower concentrations among individuals in the obese group, namely phosphatidylcholines, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid residues. A lower amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids was also observed in the lipid profile of the obese group. These findings point to changes in the lipidomic profile of obese individuals, suggesting that lipid species may be potential biomarkers to early identify individuals at risk of presenting obesity-induced metabolic complications.
10	LÊDA KARLA MONTEIRO DIAS POLYPHENOLS EFFECT ON INTESTINAL HEATH OF PRECLINICAL STUDIES WITH DIET-INDUCED OBESITY: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Advisor : JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA GIDYENNE CHRISTINE BANDEIRA SILVA DE MEDEIROS GRASIELA PIUVEZAM ÂNGELA GIOVANA BATISTA Data: Nov 22, 2022 Show Abstract Polyphenols ingestion by diet can set part of strategies in the obesity treatment through its antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and gut microbiota modulation effects. These actions influence widely the organism including the intestine. In this sense, systematization of scientific data regarding the effects and mechanisms of action from polyphenols on the gut health is important to lead strategies to combat the obesity. The study objective is to gather evidence about the impact of polyphenolic compounds on intestinal health of experimental models with diet-induced obesity. The protocol was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P), approved by the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO –CRD42021262445),and published at Medicine journal (DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000028162). Based on the structuring of the research question “What are the effects of polyphenols on intestinal health in preclinical studies with diet-induced obesity?”, the eligibility criteria were defined according to the acronym PICOS (criteria for population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and types of studies). The development of the systematic review was outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Metanalysis (PRISMA). Each step of the review was carried out independently by two researchers. Experimental studies in rats and mice with diet-induced obesity and treated with isolated polyphenols were included, retrieved through the formulation of search strategies applied in the following scientific study databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE. The methodological quality of each selected study was evaluated using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool by two independent evaluators. There was a high degree of agreement between the evaluators (Kappa coefficient >0.85). Initially, 1415 publications were retrieved. After reading the title and abstract, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 183 studies remained. Data were extracted and analyzed from the articles included regarding intestinal health (modulation of the microbiota, and other parameters, such as production of short-chain fatty acids, analysis of tight junctions of the intestinal barrier, endotoxemia, morphology and histology and expression of cytotoxins of intestinal tissue). After reading the complete works, 20 articles were included, the last two being added by manual search in the references of the included articles. The SYRCLE assessment showed scores between 4.5 - 7.0 (maximum 10). Data extraction and analysis showed clear changes in the intestinal microbiota, such as an increase in alpha and beta diversities (46.7% and 68.8% of the studies that performed the analysis, respectively), reduction of the F:B ratio (80% of the studies that performed the analysis), and population changes at phylum, family and genera levels, through treatment with different phenolic compounds. It was also observed in all studies the increase in the total production of short-chain fatty acids, the expression of tight junctions in the epithelial tissue of the intestinal barrier, improvement in the morphology and histology of the intestinal tissue, reduction of LPS (endotoxemia) in 88.9% of the studies that performed the analysis, reduction of inflammatory cytokines, mainly TNF-α and IL-6. Therefore, it is concluded that the administration of polyphenols in animal models induced obesity can help in the treatment of obesity by modulating the gut microbiota and improving parameters related to intestinal health.
11	ÂNGELA WALESKA FREIRE DE SOUSA PAPA Discriminant analysis in the urine of patients with glycemic alterations based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Advisor : LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE EDVAN CIRINO DA SILVA LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA Data: Nov 25, 2022 Show Abstract Metabolomics is applied to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of several diseases, such as diabetes. The metabolomic profile is obtained from biological samples, with urine being preferred due to reliability and ease of obtaining. Improving strategies to discriminate between normal and pathological metabolites of certain diseases is essential for the clinical application of metabolomics. The study's objective was to characterize the population formed by individuals with glycemic alterations and to test the feasibility of using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a spectroscopic method for analyzing metabolomics in urine. The study population was divided into three groups: DM2 Group - patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2); the PDM Group - patients with prediabetes (PDM); and the control group (C) formed by healthy individuals. Participants were characterized by demographic, clinical, lifestyle, anthropometric, diet, glycemic, and lipid profiles. The 24h urine spectra were acquired from NMR, and later, the data were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), followed by unsupervised analysis. A series of algorithms were tested to verify which model had better accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR values of the T2DM and PDM groups were significantly different from the control. In addition, the PDM and DM groups had high waist circumference values. Diet composition did not differ between groups and was adequate in terms of the proportion of macronutrients and inadequate in total fiber. The set of signals from the metabolites based on the chemical shifts (peaks) obtained resulted in identifying 21 distinct regions of metabolites, among which glycine, urea, glucose, acetate, citrate, and creatinine stand out. Four showed a significant difference in the following ppm ranges (3.27, 3.37, 3.5.9, 3.75, and 9.29). APC scores showed partial separation between groups. The GA-LDA model was the most responsive algorithm for the discrimination of the urine of the groups in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
12	CLAUDIO MARCIO DE MEDEIROS MAIA EFFICACY OF SANITIZATION PROTOCOLS IN REMOVING PARASITES IN VEGETABLES: A PROTOCOL FOR A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS Advisor : CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : NATÁLIA CALDEIRA DE CARVALHO CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS LUCIA MARIA DA CUNHA GALVAO Data: Nov 29, 2022 Show Abstract Parasitic contamination in vegetables is a reality in several countries and a challenge for food safety. They are products susceptible to several failures in the good practices of production, transport, packaging, and preparation, which added to the consumption, usually raw, further increases the risk of ingestion of contaminated food. Therefore, a systematic review was carried out to scientifically evidence the effectiveness of sanitization protocols in the parasitic decontamination of vegetables. This review was conducted by fo=in accordance with the guidelines of the Cochrane Manual, being recorded in the PROSPERO protocol database (CRD42020206929) and reported according to the PRISMA 2020 statement, complying with the criteria of transparency, reproducibility, and impartiality in the synthesis of evidence. The review evaluated studies published in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, FSTA, LILACS, and AGRIS databases, as well as manual searches in related articles, references, and directories of theses and dissertations. The meta-analysis was performed using the Revman 5 software and the bias assessment used the Robins I Tools tool with some adaptations. In addition, the quality of evidence was rated by GRADE. The review had a total of 31 studies included, most of which were carried out in countries with a high incidence of parasites in vegetables, such as Brazil and Iran. Interventions combined with chlorination of 200ppm preceded by brushing or immersion in detergent showed the greatest effectiveness in parasite decontamination, low cost of cleaning, and an average time of 20 minutes for the procedure. The heterogeneities, inaccuracies, and risk of bias of the primary studies implied a lower strength of recommendation on outcomes. However, this review can inspire the planning of new studies that observe the critical and methodological evaluation for research in the area of food safety.
13	LUÍS EDUARDO GUIEU GALVÃO TELLES RIBEIRO YELLOW MOMBIN (Spondias mombin L) SYMBIOTIC FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGES: DEVELOPMENT, STABILITY DURING STORAGE AND SENSORY ASPECTS Advisor : FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR COMMITTEE MEMBERS : FLÁVIA CAROLINA ALONSO BURITI FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR PRISCILLA MOURA ROLIM Data: Nov 30, 2022 Show Abstract The search for plant-based probiotic products aiming to replace dairies have been growing in recent years, especially due to the increasing number of lactose intolerant individuals and population’s concern about well-being and quality of life. In this context, the present project aimed to elaborate and evaluate fermented andunfermented symbiotic yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) beverages added with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496 for probiotic, physicochemical and bioactive stability during 28 days of refrigerated storage at 4 °C. Six formulations were prepared for analysis: standard mombin juice (PAD), prebiotic juice (PREB), unfermented symbiotic juice (SIM), fermented symbiotic juice (SIMF), unfermented symbiotic juice with pH adjusted to 4.5 (SIMA) and fermented symbiotic juice with pH adjusted to 4.5 (SIMFA). Samples stored at 4 °C were analyzed for viable cell counts, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids (TTS), total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging activity on storage days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Results showed viable counts of 9.0 (1.0) log UFC/mL and 9.0 (2.3) log UFC/mL with 21 days of storage for SIMF and SIMA, respectively. In addition, SIMFA showed a value of 8.2 (0.1) log UFC/mL by the end of the 28 days period. All formulations showed a slight decrease in pH values by 28 days in relation to the star of the storage, reaching 2,2 to 2,5 for the unadjusted formulations and 4,3 to 4,8 for the adjusted ones. Titratable acidity and TSS parameters showed minor alterations during storage. TPC showed variations in all formulations, staying between 234 and 431 mg GAE/L. Moreover, antioxidant activity was kept stable in PREB, SIMF, SIMA and SIMFA, presenting a slight growth in SIM and significant decrease in PAD. Evaluation of overall acceptance and purchase intent for PREB, SIMF and SIMA was conducted with 91 untrained panelists. Both PREB and SIMF received high acceptability indexes of 78,14 and 75,46%, respectively, and panelists considered the excess of acidity and lack of sweet taste as the most important characteristics for improvement. Through observation of the obtained results, it is possible to consider yellow mombin juice fortified with FOS as a viable matrix for the inoculation L. plantarum, keeping stable counts for symbiotic formulations and reaching good acceptance.
14	JULIANA KARLA GARCIA RIBEIRO FREITAS Prevalence of staphylococcal toxin in food contaminated by Staphylococcus spp.: a systematic review and meta-analysis Advisor : KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KATARYNE ÁRABE RIMÁ DE OLIVEIRA KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Nov 30, 2022 Show Abstract Food contamination by enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus spp. it is common because they naturally inhabit the human airways and are isolated from several animals, mainly dairy animals. Species of the genus can produce enterotoxins, causing staphylococcal food poisoning, which despite the underreporting caused by the short duration of clinical symptoms, is one of the most common Foodborne Diseases (DTA) in the world. This systematic review aimed to gather information from existing studies around the world on the investigation of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) in foods, systematize the results through meta-analysis and answer the question: What is the worldwide prevalence of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods contaminated by Staphylococcus spp.? The systematic review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021258223). Eligibility criteria were defined based on PECOS (Population - primary studies reporting analysis of SE in foods, Exposure - foods exposed to Staphylococcus spp, Comparator - not applicable, Outcomes - primary: identification of SE in food and secondary: types of toxins and the foods involved, and Study Types - primary cross-sectional studies). The searches were carried out in the following databases: Medline, GALE, Science Direct, CAB Direct, and Google Scholar, in addition to a manual search in the reference list of articles, theses and dissertations directory, and country health agencies. Primary cross-sectional studies published in the last twenty years and without language restriction were selected, which reported the investigation of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods naturally contaminated by Staphylococcus spp. The risk of bias in the inserted studies was evaluated by the tool developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute for prevalence studies. All steps were performed by two independent researchers, and a third was responsible for conflict resolution. A total of 2382 articles were retrieved and exported to the Rayyan Intelligent Systematic Review application, which was used to select studies in different phases. After applying the eligibility criteria, 35 studies were included in the review and meta-analysis. Three food groups were formed: 1- dairy products, 2- meat products and 3- other foods. In the latter, mixed foods and other less mentioned foods were included. In the meta-analysis, group 1 had the highest number of samples and the prevalence of positive samples was 18.7% (95%, CI 7.41-31.94; p<0.01, I2= 97%). in group 2 the prevalence was 1.78% (95%, CI 0.0-16.7; p<0.01, I2= 97%) and in group 3 it was 27.1% (95%, CI 0, 24-67.53, p<0.01, I2=97%). The results showed a high prevalence of enterotoxin in foods contaminated by Staphylococcus spp. and that the food group with the highest prevalence was group 3. Only 40% (n=14) of the studies cited the type of toxin found, most of which are classic enterotoxins (SEA to SEE). It is necessary to carry out more studies with the analysis of the enterotoxin, to broaden the general perception of the risks to food safety, contribute to the study of the epidemiological profile and guide the efforts of health agencies for the development of preventive measures related to the Good Practices of Food Manufacturing and Handling.

2021

	Dissertations
1	SARA SAYONARA DA CRUZ NASCIMENTO Mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory agents in adipose tissue Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS GIDYENNE CHRISTINE BANDEIRA SILVA DE MEDEIROS RICHELE JANAINA ARAUJO MACHADO THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Mar 30, 2021 Show Abstract Obesity is characterized by a mass expansion of adipose tissue and changes in its body distribution, associated with a chronic increase in circulating concentrations of inflammatory mediators. Anti-inflammatory agents are presented as an alternative treatment for obesity, being tested in animal and human models. However, the lack of effective agents points to the need to assess the mechanisms and identify more effective therapeutic targets. This study aimed to gather similar studies published in the literature through a systematic review, aiming to answer the following question: "What are the mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory agents in adipose tissue?". In addition to evaluating through evidence in a secondary study, new treatment pathways focused on inflammation and common in obesity and its conformities. Initially, a protocol for obtaining a systematic review was prepared and registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), aiming at guiding the secondary study. In this way, were used select report items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) to outline the protocol and PRISMA for systematic review and meta-analysis. The articles were selected according to eligibility criteria based on the PICOS (population, interventions, control, results, and study type). The databases used for the research were PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS, and EMBASE. Experimental studies using rats and mice with a control group that described treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs (drugs, nutraceuticals, bioactive compounds, among others) were included at any frequency, time, and dose. Three independent reviewers selected the articles and extracted the data. The evaluation of the methodological quality of each survey was carried out using the SYRCLE tool. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO under the number: CRD42020182897 and published in a scientific journal. Initially, 1263 articles were selected, and at the end of the search, 27 were eligible for review. Among the anti-inflammatory agents, identified six drugs, 18 natural compounds, and three synthetic compounds. Given the studies, it can be inferred that a large part of the bioactive compounds, drugs, and synthetic compounds act in metabolic pathways that culminate, mainly, in the expression of inflammatory cytokines reduction, which favors an infiltration of macrophages reduction in white and adipose tissue. Besides, cause a polarization process of type M1 to M2 macrophages. It can be noted that innumerable inflammatory pathways overlap to explain the mechanism of action of these natural and synthetic compounds and drugs. Given the heterogeneity of the data, there was no grouping, and it was not possible to carry out the meta-analysis. Thus, the article clarifies and systematizes the mechanisms of these compounds and drugs in adipose tissue, being of great relevance and generating information for possible future research on these pathways, aiming at the most effective treatment of inflammation in obesity.
2	AMANDA MARIA DE SOUZA NASCIMENTO Antibacterial action mechanisms of trypsin inhibitors: a systematic review and in silico study of molecular dynamics simulation with bacterial membranes Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : RAQUEL DE OLIVEIRA ROCHA ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS GIDYENNE CHRISTINE BANDEIRA SILVA DE MEDEIROS KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO Data: Aug 30, 2021 Show Abstract The knowledge of new antimicrobial compounds capable of acting against microorganisms deserves special attention today. Several molecules of plant origin have been studied for their antibacterial activities, and among them are trypsin inhibitors, especially the purified trypsin inhibitor from tamarind seeds (TTIp). The present work aimed to present the antibacterial action mechanisms of trypsin inhibitors through a systematic review (SR) and an in silico study of molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Similar studies published in the literature were gathered for the review to answer the following question: What are the antibacterial action mechanisms of trypsin inhibitor peptides and proteins? Initially, a SR protocol was designed and registered in the prospective international registry of systematic reviews (PROSPERO). Thus, the Preferred Reporting Items Checklist for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) was used to delineate the protocol and PRISMA for the systematic review. The articles were selected according to eligibility criteria according to PICOS (population, interventions, control, results, and study type). The databases used for the research were PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS, and EMBASE. Original articles resulting from studies with rats and/or mice, in vitro studies (bacterial culture), and with cells cultures were included, which described the treatments, effects and antibacterial mechanisms of peptides or proteins of the trypsin inhibitor type. Articles were selected, and two independent reviewers extracted data. The assessment of the methodological quality of each survey was performed using the OHAT (Office of Health Assessment and Translation) tool. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO under number: CRD42020189069. In the SR, 2382 articles were retrieved, with 17 eligible for review at the end of the search. Only three studies have gone into the effect directly on the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, two against S. aureus, Gram-positive bacteria (GP), both causing membrane disturbance. In a third study, the antibacterial effect was attributed to inhibition of endogenous proteases extracted from the bacteria themselves (S. enterica and S. aureus). For the MDS simulation study, model number 56 was used in conformation number 287 of the TTIp (TTIp 56/287), and the lipid bilayer model generated by the CHARMM-GUI server to evaluate the structural behavior and interactions by MDS simulations were performed using the Gromacs package 5.1.2. A greater interaction of TTIp 56/287 with the GP membrane was observed, presenting potential energy of interaction (PEI) of –1094.97 kcal.mol1, when compared to the interaction with the Gram-negative membrane (GN) of -444,337 kcal.mol1. It was possible to identify that in the interaction TTIp 56/287-GP, the amino acid residues of arginine showed higher PEI, while in the interaction TTIp 56/287-GN, they were with the residues of glutamine. Thus, this study firstly clarifies and systematizes the antibacterial action of these trypsin inhibitor-type proteins, being of great relevance and generating information for possible future research on these pathways. Additionally, the MDS simulation study points out the TTIp as a candidate for future studies that consolidate it as an option in the most effective treatment of bacterial infections.
3	JULIANNA LYS DE SOUSA ALVES NERI DIETARY INFLAMMATORY INDEX ASSOCIATED WITH TUMOR STAGING IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID NEOPLASIA IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE IN THE NORTH Advisor : VIVIAN NOGUEIRA SILBIGER COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA DIRCE MARIA LOBO MARCHIONI SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA VIVIAN NOGUEIRA SILBIGER Data: Aug 31, 2021 Show Abstract Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common tumor of the endocrine system. Dietary factors may have benefits in decreasing the risk of TC or its severity. The study aimed to evaluate the association between food and dietary intake, inflammatory and dietary index and histopathological tumor staging (angiolymphatic invasion, thyroid extension, lymph node metastasis and multicentricity) of patients with thyroid cancer in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. This is a cross-sectional study that included 98 individuals assisted by the League Against Cancer, who underwent total or partial thyroidectomy for suspected malignant thyroid neoplasm. To assess food and dietary intake and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the 24-hour recall (24hR) collected in three moments was applied. The analysis and cytological and histopathological classifications of the tumors were performed at the Pathology Laboratory of Hospital Luiz Antônio (HLA) by pathologists. Student's t, Mann–Whitney, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test and Binary Logistic Regression tests were used when appropriate. Patients were classified as: benign (n=25) and malignant (n=73) neoplasms. Significant associations were found between Cholesterol (p=0.007), Iodine (p=0.028), Omega 3 (p=0.031), Vitamin D (p=0.041) and the presence of malignant nodules, with Cholesterol intake > 246, 97 g associated with 13.00 times greater chances of malignancy. Vitamin D (p=0.031) and Omega 3 (p=0.039) were associated with the presence of angiolymphatic invasion. Calcium (p=0.008) and Caffeine (p=0.027) were associated with extrathyroidal extension, with calcium intake > 640.06 mg representing a protection factor of 5.43. Vitamin E was associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (p=0.029). Vitamin B6 (p=0.026) was associated with the presence of multicentricity. Vitamin A intake >276.17 mcg was associated with 4.714 and 6.111 greater odds of presence of multicentricity and extrathyroidal extension, and riboflavin intake >2.4 mg was associated with 4.375 greater odds of presence of extrathyroidal extension. Regarding the IID, no associations were found with the histopathological staging of CT. Eating habits seem to be associated with the histopathological tumor staging of thyroid carcinoma, requiring further studies and investigations that, if confirmed, may have important implications for public health.
4	ADRIANA LEÃO DE MIRANDA FERREIRA ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HEALTH EATING INDEX AND METABOLICALLY HEALTHY OBESITY IN ADOLESCENTS FROM A NORTHEAST CAPITAL Advisor : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA ADÉLIA DA COSTA PEREIRA DE ARRUDA MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES FLÁVIA EMÍLIA LEITE DE LIMA FERREIRA Data: Sep 14, 2021 Show Abstract Introduction: Adolescence is a period of transition that significant changes occur, becoming a period of nutritional vulnerability to chronic diseases, including obesity. Obesity phenotypes can be Metabolically Health obesity (MHO) that consist of being overweight, but without metabolic abnormalities and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO). The etiological factors of MHO, associated with this favorable metabolic profile is discussed in the literature is eating patterns. In this perspective we highlight the use of dietary patterns through the Health Eating Index (HEI). The HEI is a tool to assess the quality of food by scoring food groups proportionally to the consumption. Objectives: Evaluate the association of nutrition through HEI with adolescents with MHO, physical activity, sleep, income and compare the sociodemographic, antrophometric and food consumption profile stratified by sex. Metodology: Cross-Sectional study, by non-probabilistic sampling, with overweight and obese adolescents, attended at the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinical of University Hospital Onofre Lopes during October of 2016 and February of 2020. Biodemographic data (physical activity and sleep hours), food consumption (24-hour recall), anthropometric data (weight, height, BMI, waist-to-height-ratio, waist and blood pressure) and biochemical data (lipid profile, blood glucose and HOMA-IR). MHO were classified as follows by Damanhoury et al (2018). The Student´s T test or One Way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney or Kruskall Wallis test were reported according to distribution. For categorical variable the chi-square and Fisher´s exact test were used. To verify the association between WHO and HEI, logistic regression analyzes were performed using energy consumed, income, physical activity, sleep and WHR as adjustment variables. The significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: The sample consisted in 157 adolescents, with a similar profile between sex, age, metabolic profile (HDL, TG, blood pressure and glucose). The girls had the worst HOMA-IR (p=0,003), the lowest waist circumference (WC) (p=0,021), lowest waist-to-height ratio (WHR) (p=0,004), lowest caloric intake (p=0,002) and worst score in HEI (p=0,05) compared to boys. Among the adolescents 14,6% were MHO and 85,35% were MUO. Adolescents MHO had the lowest sodium consumption, had higher income (p=0,026), lowest waist circumference (p=0,001) and better HOMA-IR (p=0,017). We observe that higher HEI scores in boys were a protective factor against metabolic abnormalities (OD 95% IC 0,77 (0,6-0,99). Conclusions: MHO adolescents have less sodium intake and a better income profile. Boys have higher WC, RCE, higher Kcal consumption and better HEI score; a better quality of food was protective factor in relation to metabolic changes in boys.
5	NÚBIA RAFAELLA SOARES MOREIRA TORRES ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN NUTRIENT INTAKE AND CLINICAL FACTORS WITH THE SURVIVAL OF INDIVIDUALS WITH HEART FAILURE IN OUTPATIENT FOLLOW-UP Advisor : KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES GABRIELA CORREA SOUZA Data: Sep 17, 2021 Show Abstract Inadequate nutrient intake, in addition to unfavorable clinical and anthropometric factors, can lead to worse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). This prospective cohort study aims to assess the prevalence of inadequacies of micronutrients, clinical and anthropometric parameters, and associations with survival in 121 adults and elderly patients with HF treated in an outpatient clinic. An average of 3.4 24-hour recalls was used to assess the usual consumption of micronutrients. Participants were divided into moderate and high deficiency groups, and consumption clusters, according to individual assessment of the intake of each micronutrient. Sociobiodemographic, clinical and anthropometric data were collected, and clinical outcomes (hospitalization and mortality) occurred within 24 months. Overall and eventfree survival were calculated by Kaplan-Meier and curves compared by Log-Rank. Cox regression models were built to identify outcome predictor variables. There was a 100% prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamins B1 and D, and more than 80% for vitamins B2, B9, E, and for calcium, magnesium and copper. There were no differences in overall survival and event-free survival between the groups of individuals with moderate and high micronutrient deficiency (HR = 0.94; p = 0.91 and HR = 1.63; p = 0.26, respectively), and between the Cluster with the highest and lowest consumption of calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and vitamin D (HR = 0.94; p = 0.91 and HR = 1.08; p = 0.84) as well as when the inadequacy of micronutrients was evaluated in isolation (all p>0.05). Excess weight, according BMI, and glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min/1.73m2 showed significant associations with better overall survival (both p<0.05). Cox regression models indicated that the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III/IV is an independent predictor of overall, event-free survival, increasing the risk of mortality (HR = 6.70 (2.21 – 20 .29), p = 0.01) and hospitalizations (HR = 5.64, p < 0.01). Adequate weight according to BMI was associated with better overall survival (HR = 4.53, p = 0.02). Thus, individuals with HF treated in an outpatient clinic have a high prevalence of inadequacy of micronutrients. NYHA functional class and BMI are independent predictors of the occurrence of unfavorable clinical outcomes in individuals with HF.
6	EVA DÉBORA DE OLIVEIRA ANDRADE Evolution of food practices in children under two years of age: an analysis of the brazilian coort of the MAL-ED study Advisor : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL DANIELA VASCONCELOS DE AZEVEDO KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES Data: Sep 17, 2021 Show Abstract Infant and young child feeding practices impact children's nutritional and health status, influencing growth and development. Few studies have prospectively evaluated these practices, considering characteristics of the foods consumed, such as their degree of processing. This study aimed to characterize the evolution of infant feeding practices in children under two years of age, considering the World Health Organization (WHO) core indicators and the degree of processing of the consumed food. This study is part of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and Consequences for Child Health (MAL-ED) study, a birth cohort carried out, in Brazil, in the community of Parque Universitário in Fortaleza-CE. For this study, children from the Brazilian MAL-ED cohort were evaluated at 9 (n=193), 15 (n=182) and 24 months (n=164). Infant feeding practices were analyzed using 24-hour recalls, using the WHO core indicators. Foods consumed were also categorized into unprocessed food, minimally processed, processed and ultra-processed food products. Logistic regression models were built to determine socioeconomic variables and dietary practices associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods at 9, 15 and 24 months of age. Breastfed children decreased over time, from 77.6% at 9 months to 55.0% at 15 months and 45.1% at 24 months. The minimum meal frequency was reached by 88.6% of children at 9 months, 99.5% at 15 months and 97% at 24 months. Dietary diversity was achieved by 81.9%, 95.1% and 98.2% of children at 9, 15 and 24 months.The minimum acceptable diet was reached by 74.6%, 95.1% and 95.1% of the studied children at 9, 15 and 24 months. The quantity and frequency of unprocessed food consumption decreased from 9 to 24 months of age (p < 0.05); while the quantity and frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods increased (p < 0.05). Among the factors associated with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, logistic regressions showed that children who were breastfed at 24 months had a lower chance of high consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.19 - 0, 95). Data showed that although breastfeeding decreased over the studied period, most of the children reached the WHO core indicators. However, when observing the foods consumed, considering the level of processing, there was an increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods and a decrease in unprocessed foods, which may be unfavorable to the children's health. Breastfeeding was an important protection variable against a greater consumption of ultra-processed foods at 2 years of life.
7	RANNAPAULA LAWRYNHUK URBANO FERREIRA Effects of selenium supplementation on markers of glycemic control in healthy rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis Advisor : LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA RICARDO NEY OLIVEIRA COBUCCI ERASMO BENICIO SANTOS DE MORAES TRINDADE Data: Sep 21, 2021 Show Abstract In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that selenium supplementation has insulin-mimetic action related to the antioxidant activity of this micronutrient. Otherwise, other studies suggest the ingestion of high doses of selenium interferes with insulin signaling, leading to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. In view of these controversies, this systematic review aimed to answer the following question: “Does Se supplementation affect glycemic control markers in healthy rodents?” The review registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021212011) will be developed based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Metanalysis (PRISMA). Experimental, randomized or non-randomized trials of healthy animal models (rodents) of both sexes, only supplemented with selenium (inorganic, organic or synthetic compounds), regardless of dose, frequency or route of administration, will be included. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) will be considered as the primary outcome and insulin concentration, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), selenium concentration and GPx expression as secondary outcomes. The process of search, selection, extraction and quality analysis will be carried out independently, by two reviewers. Divergences will be resolved by a third reviewer. Searches will be conducted in the databases Embase, Scopus, Medline-Pubmed, Web of Science and CINAHL. The analysis of risk of bias and methodological quality of the included studies will be performed by SYRCLE and CAMARADES tools, respectively. The search strategy resulted in 1389 articles reported, with 13 studies remaining at the end of the selection. Among the selected articles, 38% (5 articles) had adverse effects on fasting blood glucose, insulin or glycated hemoglobin, after treatment with doses between 5 µmol/kg/day and 4000 µg/kg/day sodium selenite, for 28-30 days. On the contrary, two studies with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) suggested protective effects after administration with 100µg/kg/day for 28 days and 0.5ml/day for 7 days. Another 5 studies reported no significant changes in fasting glucose after treatment with sodium selenite. All studies presented a high risk of selection bias (allocation methods, randomization of animals and blinding of evaluators), however, 100% of the articles were free of biased reports of results, with no potential sources of bias found. Methodological quality resulted in scores between 1.5 and 7.0, with 23.1% of studies classified as high quality. Due to heterogeneity in the presentation of results, there was no statistical design and no meta-analysis. However, this systematic review suggests a theoretical model that considers administration dose, treatment time, presence of pre-existing glycemic changes in the experimental model and form of supplemented Se, as variables that influence the effects of Se supplementation on glycemic markers, as well as systematizes the mechanisms involved in the negative regulation of Se in glucose homeostasis in healthy models. These findings point out critically about the risk of excessive administration of supplements and guides If preclinical future studies on this topic.
8	FRANCISCA LEIDE DA SILVA NUNES Essential and toxic trace elements and their relationships with cardiometabolic risk factors in adults and the elderly Advisor : KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CARLA SORAYA COSTA MAIA BRUNA ZAVARIZE REIS KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA Data: Sep 23, 2021 Show Abstract Evidence suggests a relationship between concentrations of essential and toxic trace elements and the worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of zinc, copper, selenium, arsenic, cadmium and mercury and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in adults and elderly. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 112 individuals of both sexes, participating in the Brazilian Usual Consumption Assessment Study (BRAZUCA). Sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle data were collected. Anthropometric parameters, glycemic and lipid profile, blood pressure and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP-us) were evaluated. The Global Risk Score (ERG) was calculated, and the cardiovascular risk defined. Zinc, selenium and copper in plasma, and arsenic, cadmium, mercury in urine were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique (ICP-MS). An inverse association was observed between arsenic in urine and the visceral adiposity index (VAI) (β -0.03, p<0.01), triglycerides (β -1.10, p<0.01) and VLDL cholesterol (β -0.14, p=0.02). Plasma copper and copper/zinc ratio were directly associated with fasting glucose (plasma copper: β 0.38, p<0.01; copper/zinc ratio: β 36.02, p=0.01) and highsensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (plasma copper: β 0.004, p<0.01; copper/zinc ratio: β 0.68, p<0.001). Systolic blood pressure was inversely associated with arsenic in urine (β -0.14, p=0.04) and cadmium (β -36.42, p=0.04) and, diastolic blood pressure was inversely associated with cadmium in urine (β -21.55, p=0.03) and directly with mercury in urine (β 1.45, p=0.03). Interaction between cadmium and mercury in urine was significant association with triglycerides (p= 0.03). The concentrations of essential and toxic elements in different biological matrices, either alone or in multiple element models, were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, suggesting the expansion of studies that confirm the usefulness of these elements as predictors of cardiovascular risk.
9	DEBORA GABRIELA FERNANDES ASSUNCAO Comparison of vitamin E nutritional status between full-term and preterm newborns: a systematic review and meta-analysis Advisor : KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : PATRÍCIA DE CARVALHO PADILHA DANIELLE SOARES BEZERRA KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES Data: Sep 24, 2021 Show Abstract Vitamin E deficiency (VED) is associated with several clinical findings in newborns, such as pulmonary bronchodysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity and intracranial hemorrhage. These complications are studied in preterm newborns (PTNB) (< 37 weeks), but low circulating levels of the vitamin were also found in term newborns (TNB). As an inadequacy of vitamin E in the neonatal phase can also compromise cognitive health in childhood, studies are needed to assess whether there is a difference in the nutritional status of vitamin E of newborns according to the gestational age of delivery, to provide support for the protocols of monitoring of neonatal health. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the vitamin E nutritional status between preterm and full-term newborns. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, which included original cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies in all languages. As eligibility criteria, the analysis of serum/plasma alphatocopherol concentration in newborns was adopted, including PTNB and/or TNB and type of observational study. The databases used for the research were PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, SciELO and Capes Periodicals for thesis and dissertation. All data were analyzed and extracted by two independent reviewers. The assessment of methodological quality was performed using the NewcastleOtawa Scale tool. Mean differences and confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using the R software. The revision was registered in PROSPERO under registration CRD42021165152. In the systematic review, 1809 articles were found, and at the end of the search 13 were eligible for the review, with a population of newborns between 14 and 235 evaluated, 07 cohort studies, 05 cross-sectiona studies and 01 case-control. Only 03 studies were included in the meta-analysis for using a standardized method for the analytical determination of alpha-tocopherol, for containing information on the mean and standard deviation of alpha-tocopherol and for having performed the analysis in both the PTNB and the TNB. The studies showed high heterogeneity, explained by the sample size, mean serum vitamin E levels and risk of bias. More than 90% of cases were classified with VED in both groups. In the final model, 166 PTNB and 194 TNB were included, with no significant differences found in the means of alpha-tocopherol concentration between the groups (-0.15 [CI 95% -0.72; 0.42], p = 0.61). Despite the need for further studies on the topic, these results demonstrate that regardless of the gestational age at birth, both newborns may have similar vitamin E status, and it is necessary to assess whether these low levels are maintained during the postnatal phase or are transient due to increased use of vitamin E during the birth.
10	NEYNA SANTOS MORAIS EVALUATION OF THE SAFETY AND BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF BURITI OIL (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) NANOENCAPUSLED IN PORCINE GELATINE Advisor : CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS MARIA GIOVANA BINDER PAGNONCELLI NATHALIA KELLY DE ARAUJO THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Sep 24, 2021 Show Abstract Buriti oil extracted from the fruit of the buriti tree (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) and is rich in carotenoids, especially β-carotene in addiction to tocopherols, unsaturated fatty acids, other nutrients and bioactive compounds that have antioxidant characteristics. The sensitivity to factors such as light, heat, humidity, pH and oxygen that buriti oil and bioactive compounds have and the lipophilic nature of the oil justify the use of nanoencapsulation to preserve and enhance the oil's bioactive properties. The aim of the present study was, evaluate the cytotoxicity, antioxidant potential, antimicrobial effect on the modulation of the antibiotic activity of porcine gelatin nanoparticles containing buriti oil (OGS)The nanoformulation was obtained through the O/W emulsification technique, using porcine gelatin as an encapsulating agent and Tween 20 as a surfactant. Characterization was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Laser Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), in addition to evaluating the encapsulation efficiency (%). The cytotoxicity analysis was performed on CHO cells (Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells) using the MTT test ((3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide). The determination of the antioxidant potential of free buriti oil and OGS was performed by different in vitro methods, such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Reducing Power and scavenging to ABTS radical. The evaluation of the modulating antimicrobial activity was performed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), using Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria and two antibiotics, gentamicin and norflaxacillin. The SEM showed spherical particles with smooth, uniform surfaces and no cracks or depressions. The particle size and polydispersion index (PI) obtained by means of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) were 72 nm e 0,371nm, respectivamente respectively. The FTIR showed chemical interactions in OGS due to displacement and formation of new vibrational bands, indicating the interaction of oil with porcine gelatin and confirming encapsulation. The encapsulation efficiency obtained was 89.56%. The cytotoxicity analysis showed that crude buriti oil and OGS did not show cytotoxic effect on CHO cells. The results of the antioxidant activity showed that for both the TAC test and the reducing power, OGS presented greater antioxidant activity when compared to free buriti oil (p < 0.05). For the modulating antimicrobial activity, it was observed that the combination of antibiotics, norfloxacillin and gentamicin, with free buriti oil and OGS was more efficient to inhibit the action of E. coli and P. aeruginosa compared to isolated antibiotics (p < 0 .05). Regarding the inhibition of S. aureus, OGS stood out in combination with norfloxacillin, reducing MIC by 50%. Thus, it was observed that nanoencapsulation increased the antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of buriti oil, which can be explained by the protection given to bioactive compounds with these properties.
11	PRISCILA KELLY DA SILVA BEZERRA DO NASCIMENTO ZINC STATUS AND THE AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Advisor : ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA RICARDO NEY OLIVEIRA COBUCCI Data: Sep 27, 2021 Show Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder and its prevalence in children and adolescents has increased over the years. Studies indicate the deficiency of trace elements as one of the factors involved in the etiology of the disorder, with zinc being one of the main trace elements investigated in individuals with ASD. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the relationship between zinc status and Autism in children and adolescents. The protocol for this review is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with registration number: CRD42020157907. The methodological guidelines adopted are in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes (PRISMA) statement. The selection of studies was carried out from an active search in the databases, Pubmed, Scopus and LILACS, using the search descriptors: zinc, trace elements, Biometals, Autism, children, adolescent. The assessment of the methodological quality of the studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Thirty-five studies (34 Case-Controls, one Cohort) performed and 13 countries were included, including the USA (20%), China (17%) and Russia (17%), with the largest number of studies. Sample sizes ranged from 20 to 371, and participant ages from 2 to 18 years. Nine types of biological matrices were evaluated in the studies, with hair (51%) and serum (26%) being the most used in the evaluation of zinc concentrations. Significant differences between the zinc concentrations of the TEA and control groups were observed in 15 studies, of which (34%) observed lower zinc concentrations for the TEA group and (9%) with higher concentrations for the TEA group. Children and adolescents with ASD had lower zinc concentrations compared to controls. Intervention studies with zinc supplementation strategies for children and adolescents with ASD should be conducted.
12	SANDRA AZEVEDO QUEIROZ ASSOCIATION BETWEEN STANDARDIZED PHASE ANGLE AND MAJOR ADVERSE EVENTS IN 12 MONTHS OF PATIENTS AFFECTED BY ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A COHORT STUDY Advisor : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ALINE MARCADENTI DE OLIVEIRA ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH FLÁVIA MORAES SILVA Data: Oct 28, 2021 Show Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) underscore themselves as the main cause of death in the world, and this includes coronary diseases. Amongst coronary diseases, the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is defined as myocardial necrosis in a consistent clinical condition with myocardial ischemia. It is an acute cardiac event with an impact on the health condition, and its risk factors are usually a combination of the use of tobacco, inadequate diet, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle, besides to pre-existing comorbidities. These risk factors can compromise the cellular integrity impacting on physiological and nutritional components. In this approach, the phase angle (PA) has measured by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and identifies the quality of the cell membrane and the distribution of body fluids. There are previous evidences that, this biomarker has a high negative predictive power of clinical outcomes, such as mortality and hospital readmission in several clinical situations. However, it has not been evaluated yet the association of PA with adverse events in patients who were recently affected by AMI. Therefore, our work aims to check if the PA is predictor of mortality and adverse clinical events in 12 months of patients who were recently affected by AMI. It was done a 12-month prospective cohort study. Furthermore, it was included adults and elderly patients with both sexes who were admitted to the University Hospital Onofre Lopes (UHOL/FURN) with a diagnosis of AMI. The patients were evaluated during hospitalization, and it was collected demographic, clinical, and nutritional data. Body weight, height, and calf circumference was measured using the anthropometric technique. Handgrip strength was measured with a manual dynamometer. The PA was calculated through the measuring of the resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) of the BIA, and it was adjusted based on sex and age, presenting, therefore, the standardized PA (SPA). Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were observed during follow-up and among them, new hospital admission for unstable angina, new myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality were included in the analyses. All patients were followed for 12 months. The sample consisted of 153 patients, with a mean age of 61.2 ± 12.6 years, being 57.5% elderly. Patients who presented the standardized phase angle below the 10th percentile had a shorter time for the occurrence of death (p=0.024). In the univariate analysis, mortality was shown as a significant outcome (p= 0.036), but the other outcomes did not show an association in the Cox regression when adjusted for the confounding factor. In conclusion, patients recently affected by AMI and who had low AFP had a higher incidence of mortality at 12 months. However, when adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, we found no association between AFP and ECAM and mortality.
13	SEBASTIÃO ÂNDERSON DANTAS DA SILVA Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in alginate and gelatin: study of production, characterization and stability aiming food applications Advisor : FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR COMMITTEE MEMBERS : FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO SÉRGIO DANTAS DE OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Nov 30, 2021 Show Abstract Probiotics are defined as viable microorganisms when ingested regularly, provide numerous health benefits. However, cell viability can be compromised by exposure to storage and the digestive process. Thus, encapsulation appears as a technological solution capable of promoting protection, controlled release, and preservation of bioactive effects. In this context, the present study aimed to produce, characterize and evaluate the stability of microparticles based on sodium alginate or porcine gelatin containing Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL B-4495 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496. Encapsulation was performed using the oil-in-water (O/W) emulsification technique, using Tween 20 as a surfactant. The encapsulates obtained were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Laser Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (DRX). Furthermore, they were evaluated for cell viability, incorporation efficiency, water dispersibility, thermal stability, and stability during storage for 60 days under different temperature conditions (5 °C and 25 °C). For those encapsulated in gelatin, the micrographs showed irregular particles with a smooth surface containing microorganisms in their structures, unlike the sodium alginatebased particles, which showed shrinkage and an apparent absence of microorganisms. The FTIR indicated chemical interactions between the constituents of gelatin-based formulations, with new vibrational bands and visualization of characteristic bands of probiotics. Furthermore, XRD showed that the encapsulates presented a semi-crystalline structure. Gelatin-based formulations containing L. acidophilus and L. plantarum had mean diameters of 26.08 μm (1.74) and 21.56 μm (4.16) and encapsulation efficiencies of 89.6% (4.2 ) and 81.1% (9.7) and viability of [12.1 Log CFU/g (1.0)] and [12.3 Log CFU/g (1.4)], respectively (p>0, 05). On the other hand, the alginate-based particles exhibited diameters of 5.24 μm (1.32) for L. acidophilus and 5.52 μm (4.55) for L. plantarum with cell viability and efficiency of incorporation of probiotics null. Water dispersibility of 69% was found for gelatine encapsulates. Thermal analysis indicated stability at a temperature below 54 ºC, suggesting preservation of the microparticles at room temperature. Finally, the L. acidophilus microparticles in gelatin were stable for 60 days of storage at 5 ºC [12.6 Log CFU/g (0.0)] and 25 ºC [12.5 Log CFU/g (0.5)] (p>0.05). Thus, it was found that microencapsulation in gelatin by O/W emulsification is an adequate and favorable strategy for the protection and stability of probiotic bacteria, enabling future applications in the food area.

2020

	Dissertations
1	KARINI FREIRE DA ROCHA Baby food methodology in Brazil: an evaluation of the commercial food processing profile for children aged 0 to 36 months Advisor : KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : GISELE ANE BORTOLINI ANA PATRÍCIA DIOGO PADRÃO FERREIRA KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES Data: Mar 2, 2020 Show Abstract The World Health Assembly has developed strategies to combat the inadequate promotion of commercial infant foods, due to the increased consumption of processed foods and their negative repercussions on eating practices, warning of the need to evaluate these foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the processing profile of commercial foods intended for children aged 0 to 36 months and to compare the characteristics of the label and nutritional profile according to the type of processing. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional and exploratory study conducted from November / 2018 to April / 2019, with analysis of infant foods sold in establishments of the highest and lowest per capita income in the city of Natal-RN, Brazil, which had indication on the label for the age range 0 to 36 months. The design, collection and part of the data analysis followed the methodology of the Baby Food`s methodology developed by the World Health Organization. The label information was entered into the Baby Food mobile app and analyzed the type of food, age group, health claims, visual identity and nutrient claims. From the list of ingredients the food was characterized by the NOVA classification as minimally processed, processed or ultra-processed. Energy density (kcal), total fat (g), saturated (g) and trans (g), carbohydrate (g), protein (g), fiber (g) and sodium (mg) were also evaluated per 100g and portion and compared according to type of processing. 100 different supermarkets, mini markets, pharmacies and bakeries were consulted, and 1645 products with 95 different foods were inserted. The most foods were breastmilk substitutes (31.6%, n = 30), followed by cereal foods (26.3%, n = 25) and meat or chicken meals (15, 8%, n = 15). Regarding processing, 79% (n = 75) were classified as ultra-processed foods and most of which were breast milk substitutes, intended for children under 12 months, with visual information on the label, fortified with vitamins and minerals and they had not claims of health. Regarding the nutritional profile, the ultra-processed foods had 472.9 Kcal / 100 g, that them 8.8% from protein, 60.1% from carbohydrates and 31.1% from fat, and presented higher energy content, fats, carbohydrates, protein and sodium and fewer fibers than other types of processing (p<0.05). There was a predominance of ultra-processed baby foods in the market with a higher energy density, fat, carbohydrate and sodium profile, which may affect the quality of the diet in childhood. These results serve as a warning for the adoption of complementary strategies to the regulation of infant foods, as this availability of ultra-processed foods goes against the current strategies to promotion healthy diets to children under 2 years in Brazil, and the FAO recommendation that shows an association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the appearance of chronic diseases and low quality of the diet, advising that the consumption of ultra-processed foods be avoided in this phase.
2	NATALIA CARLOS MAIA AMORIM IMPACT OF THE CONSUMPTION OF ULTRAPROCESSED FOODS IN THE DIETETIC INTAKE AND PROFILE OF VITAMIN E IN THE MILK AND SERUM OF LACTATING WOMEN Advisor : KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : INÊS RUGANI RIBEIRO DE CASTRO DANIELLE SOARES BEZERRA KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES LAURA CAMILA PEREIRA LIBERALINO Data: Mar 4, 2020 Show Abstract The consumption of ultra-processed foods can lead to the onset of chronic non-communicable diseases, inadequate intake of micronutrients, among other health problems. Therefore, it is important to assess this consumption during lactation and its impact on milk composition and maternal nutritional status, as maternal nutrition must ensure an adequate nutritional composition of milk, avoiding the establishment of deficiencies, such as vitamin E deficiency (VED). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods and its relationship with dietary intake and vitamin E concentration in milk and serum of lactating women. The study was cross-sectional with 294 lactating women attended at university hospitals in Rio Grande do Norte, with at least 30 days postpartum. Blood and breast milk collection was made in fasting and the concentration of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) in the samples was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The vitamin E profile of breast milk was evaluated considering the amount of the vitamin in an estimated volume of daily consumption (780 mL/day) and compared to the recommendation for infants (4 mg/day). The women's food consumption was obtained by three 24-hour recalls and the foods were classified according to NOVA into unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods and ultra-processed foods. Dietary intake of energy, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and vitamin E was also analyzed. Participants were divided into tertiles according to the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the groups divided by the tertiles and a multiple linear regression test was performed, without and with adjustment for family income, to assess the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the vitamin biomarkers. The consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods contributed with 51% of energy intake and ultra-processed foods with 16%. Unprocessed or minimally processed foods contributed most to vitamin E consumption (44%). Alpha-tocopherol in maternal serum was 1144 (344) μg/dL, with 5% (n=11) VED (<517 μg/dL), and in breast milk, mean values of 362 (170) μg/dL were found, being 78% below the recommended daily consumption by infants. Higher caloric intake was observed in women with a higher tertile of consumption of ultra-processed foods (p<0.05). The increase in the share of ultra-processed foods in the diet was associated with lower serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations (β=-0.166, p=0.005), the inadequate vitamin E profile of breast milk (β=-0.137, p=0.021) and the lower consumption of the vitamin from other NOVA groups. The main findings of this study revealed a negative impact of the consumption of ultra-processed foods on the profile of vitamin E biomarkers in lactating women, warning of the possible reduction in circulating levels of the vitamin and its supply to infants. Thus, the current dietary guidelines for the lactating population are reinforced, with regard to avoiding the consumption of these foods, ensuring the promotion of an adequate and healthy diet, and avoiding VED during this period of life.
3	ANA PRISCILLA SILVA DE SOUZA EFFECTS OF DIETARY INTERVENTION ON TOXICITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER DURING NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY TREATMENT: RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL Advisor : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH JULIANA FLORINDA DE MENDONCA REGO SARA MARIA MOREIRA LIMA VERDE Data: Apr 1, 2020 Show Abstract Breast cancer is a chronic disease of multifactorial etiology, with an increasing worldwide incidence and with high mortality rates. Among the factors associated with lifestyle, healthy eating is of great relevance not only in prevention, but also during the treatment of this type of cancer. The reduction of toxicities, improved quality of life, better prognosis and increased survival may be reflections of healthy eating practices during cancer therapy. In this sense the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a nutritional and dietary intervention on the quality of life and toxicities of women with breast cancer who start neoadjuvant chemotherapy. For this a randomized clinical trial was carried out with female patients diagnosed with breast cancer who started neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment from November 2018 to December 2019, at the Advanced Oncology Center (CECAN), of the North Riograndense League Against Cancer, located in Natal / RN, Brazil. The volunteers were randomized and placed in parallel groups, where the control (CG) and intervention (GI) groups received nutritional advice on healthy eating practices during treatment and, in addition, only the intervention group received an individualized diet plan. The two groups were followed during the first three cycles of chemotherapy, moments in which nutritional, anthropometric, muscle strength, quality of life assessments were performed, using the QLQ C-30 questionnaire from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), and toxicities, according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) classification. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the proportions between groups. With mixed two-way ANOVA, anthropometric and strength data were compared between groups, at the beginning and at the end of the study. The generalized estimation equation was used to verify the effect of group and time interaction on the selected variables. 34 women were followed up, 15 of whom were allocated to the CG and 19 to the IG, with an average age of 45.5 ± 8.6 and 44.3 ± 9.2 years, respectively in each group. Although no significant differences were observed between groups in relation to global health / QOL, within the functional scales, the job function showed a decline in the CG (P <0.001 for interaction). Also, on the EORTC - QLQ-C30 symptom scales, the GI showed less nausea / vomiting (P <0.001 for interaction) and loss of appetite (P <0.001 for time). Regarding toxicities, the GI also had a lower frequency of leukopenia in the third cycle of chemotherapy (P = 0.034) and a lower frequency of abdominal pain in the second cycle of treatment (P = 0.034), when compared to the CG. In conclusion, the results point out that the dietary intervention preserves a domain of quality of life related to the job function, produces reflexes in the occurrence of nausea / vomiting and loss of appetite, being able to reduce the frequency of leukopenia and abdominal pain during the neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment.
4	ADILA DANIELLY DE SOUZA COSTA INFLAMMATORY PROFILE OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CLINICAL AND NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS Advisor : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL FABIANA MARIA COIMBRA DE CARVALHO KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA Data: May 29, 2020 Show Abstract Background & aims: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most frequent dystrophy. Chronic inflammation appears as an important feature of DMD pathophysiology and progression, with cytokines being biomarkers of systemic inflammation and indicative of muscle damage in DMD. Objective: To identify the inflammatory profile of individuals with DMD and to evaluate associations between clinical and nutritional variables. Methods: a prospective study was conducted with data collection between January 2018 and June 2019, in the city of Natal, Northeastern Brazil. Male patients with a confirmed diagnosis of DMD were included. Sociodemographic and illness time data were obtained by interview; the use of medications and supplements was assessed based on information from the patient's medical record. The nutritional status was assessed according to the body mass index (BMI) and the body composition determined with the aid of dual emission x-ray densitometry (DXA). Plasma cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-�, were measured using the ELISA test. The relationship between illness time, nutritional status, body composition, and cytokines was assessed by the Wilcoxon test. Spearman's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions were used to establish the relationship between the time of the first signs of DMD, fat mass (FM), and cytokines. Results: Forty-four individuals aged 4.3 to 24.2 years were evaluated. At the time of data collection, individuals had been for 7.8 (4.7–10.5) years since the onset of the first signs of the disease. Concerning nutritional status, 18.2% of the individuals presented marked thinness, thinness or underweight, 40.9% were eutrophic, and 40.9% presented the risk of overweight, overweight, or obesity. The mean %FM was of 33,9 (15,9–50,2) %. The %FM increased (p <0.001) since the beginning of the first signs of DMD. The illness time was positively correlated with IL6 (ρ = 0.371 p = 0.013). BMI/Age correlated negatively with IL-1β and TNF-α (ρ = - 0.357 p = 0.030 and ρ = -0.353 p = 0.032), while the %FM showed a negative relationship with TNF-α (ρ = -0.435 p = 0.005). The regression models demonstrated lower z-scores of BMI/A associated with higher values of IL-1β (β = -0,498 p = 0,003) and IL-6 (β = -0.640 p = 0.004), higher %FM associated with higher IL-6 (β = 0.582 p = 0.007) and lower TNF-α (β = -0.415 p = 0.015). Conclusion: A persistent inflammatory profile was observed in the patients evaluated. The illness time was not a predictor for the values of the evaluated cytokines. Lower values of BMI/A and higher values of %FM were predictors of higher concentrations of IL-6, while lower values of %FM were associated with higher production of TNF-α. The data suggest that maintaining adequate nutritional status and body composition are important for determining the inflammation presented by individuals with DMD.
5	CLEIDIJANE ANTERO DOS SANTOS ASTAXANTIN EXTRACTION FROM SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) FLOUR USING EUTHETIC SOLVENTS FOR FOOD MATRIX APPLICATION Advisor : CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CARLOS EDUARDO DE ARAÚJO PADILHA CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA NATHALIA KELLY DE ARAUJO Data: Jun 1, 2020 Show Abstract Astaxanthin is the main carotenoid pigment found in shrimp residues, and has numerous beneficial properties for human health. The extraction of astaxanthin can be done using different organic solvents, however is being replaced by “Deep Eutectic Solvents” (DES) it are considered an efficient alternative in the extraction of polar and nonpolar compounds. The objective of this work was propose a strategy to increase the yield of the extraction of astaxanthin from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) flour using ethanol as an extracting phase and DES (glycerol-choline chloride) and choline chloride as adjuvants. In addition, the quantification of astaxanthin was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. The acid fatty perfil was analizaded by Gasosa Cromatografy and the bioactive properties of the extracts were evaluated antioxidant activities (by 2,2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid - ABTS) and antimicrobial. The results showed that the use of ultrasound as the variable that most interferes with the extraction of astaxanthin. Under conditions assisted by ultrasound, the addition of 5% (m / m) DES resulted in the highest release of astaxanthin (32.71 µg / g of flour) in short incubation times when compared to extractions involving only ethanol (maximum concentration of 30,99 µg / g of flour after 30 min). The concentration of 2.68 µg / mL of the shrimp flour extract was able to inhibit 50% of the ABTS radical. The antibacterial activity showed a significant inhibitory effect at the minimum concentration of 1024µg / mL, whose values were statistically similar to those obtained from synthetic astaxanthin. In short, the use of DES and ultrasound has proved to be a potential alternative for recovery of astaxanthin from shrimp waste with potential bioactive properties.
6	ISAIANE MEDEIROS EVALUATION OF THE SAFETY AND BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF GELATIN NANOPARTICLES LOADED WITH CAROTENOIDS EXTRACT FROM CANTALOUPE MELON (Cucumis melo L.) ADMINISTERED IN WISTAR RATS Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS FERNANDO VAGNER LOBO LADD JAILANE DE SOUZA AQUINO THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Jun 2, 2020 Show Abstract Natural pigments have numerous bioactive properties, especially carotenoids that have powerful anti-inflammatory action on the human body. However, carotenoids are unstable in the presence of light, acids, oxygen, and heat, which can lead to the loss of antioxidant effects related to the consumption of these molecules. Nanoencapsulation appears as a strategy to preserve or enhance the antiinflammatory action, in addition to increasing the solubility and bioavailability of carotenoids. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of nanoparticles for future clinical applications. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and bioactivity of nanoparticles based on crude Cantaloupe melon extract rich in carotenoids and porcine gelatin in Wistar rats. Encapsulation was performed by oil/water emulsification followed by lyophilization, and porcine gelatin was used as an encapsulating agent and Tween 20 as a surfactant. Nanoformulation (EPG) was characterized by different physical and chemical analyzes and evaluated for incorporation efficiency (EI). Toxicity was investigated through signs of general toxicity and food consumption in male Wistar rats (n = 10) fed with a high glycemic index and glycemic load (HGLI) diet treated with EPG administered by gavage (50 mg/Kg), and crude extract rich in carotenoid (12.5 mg/kg) for ten days, using as controls a group without treatment and another treated with a standard diet. Blood toxicity (blood count, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, liver, and kidney function), morphology and histopathology of the liver, small intestine, kidneys, stomach, and spleen, were evaluated. The characterization of EGS pointed to the presence of spherical particles with a smooth surface, an average diameter of 74 (12.7) nm, a polydispersion index of 0.53 (0.12), and EI of 98% (1.78). For signs of general toxicity, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the initial and final weight of the rats in each evaluated group. There was a significant increase (p <0.05) in food consumption only in the group without treatment. Through the biochemical parameters analyzed, low toxicity of EGS was found. The results obtained for the determination of the relative weight of the livers, spleen, small intestine, kidneys, and stomach showed that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the studied groups. The morphological and histopathological analyses of the liver showed acute hepatitis in the animals of all the groups evaluated, and those treated with EB and EGS showed tissue repair. For small intestine, chronic enteritis was observed in all animals, with a considerable improvement in the villi and intestinal glands of animals treated with EGS. The stomach, spleen, and kidneys do not present a histopathological alteration. The results suggest the safe application of EGS and a bioactive effect, possibly related to the anti-inflammatory potential, showing the safety regarding the use in future clinical studies, aiming to investigate the efficacy in the control of inflammatory processes.
7	SILVIA VALERIA DE MEDEIROS Effect of chitosan and bentonite films on postharvest conservation of prata bananas (Musa spp.) Advisor : KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JAILANE DE SOUZA AQUINO JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO ROBERTO RODRIGUES CUNHA LIMA Data: Jun 4, 2020 Show Abstract Banana culture in Brazil plays an important economic role and bananas are the most consumed fruit in Brazil and in the world. However, about 40% of production is lost due to rapid ripening. Studies with edible coatings based on biodegradable polymers, such as chitosan, are important to prolong the shelf life of fruits. This work aimed to evaluate the postharvest conservation of prata bananas coated with biopolymeric and claybiopolymeric coverings. The first stage characterized the films and the second evaluated the post-harvest conservation of bananas coated with coatings with better physical characteristics. Six films were prepared and characterized: three biopolymeric, with concentrations of chitosan at 0,5, 1,0 and 1,5% and fixed concentration of glycerol (15%), and three clay-biopolymeric ones, prepared with the addition of bentonite ( 0,2%) to the formulations of biopolymeric films - FBP1, FBP2 and FBP3; FABP1, FABP2 and FABP3, respectively. The films were analyzed for morphology, chemical composition, microstructure of the surface, disposition of bentonite in the polymeric matrix, thermal decomposition and permeability to water vapor. The evaluation of post-harvest conservation of coated fruits was carried out with physical-chemical, physical, microbiological and sensory analysis, in addition to photographic and disease incidence records, during 11 days of storage at room temperature. The characterization of the films showed greater surface uniformity in the biopolymeric films and the presence of roughness on the surface of the biopolymeric clay, attested to the presence of bentonite in the biopolymeric clay films and evidenced predominantly amorphous material without noticeable changes with the insertion of the bentonite. Vibrational bands characteristic of bonds and groups existing in chitosan were observed in biopolymeric films, in addition to those characteristics of bonds and groups existing in the structure of bentonite, in clay-biopolymeric films. The addition of clay resulted in greater residue formation after thermal decomposition of the material and enhanced the barrier property against water vapor permeability. The claybiopolymeric film with the highest concentration of chitosan showed greater thickness, less permeability to water vapor and less loss of mass related to the termal decomposition of the polymer. The bananas were coated with chitosan coatings at 1,0%, without (BP1,0%) and with clay (ABP1,0%) and 1,5%, without (BP1,5%) and with clay (ABP1,5%) and compared to the control group. Bananas in the BP1,5% group had significantly lower total soluble solids and acidity content (p < 0,05) than the control. The BP1,5% and ABP1,5% groups had significantly lower pulp/peel ratio (p < 0,05) than the control, and higher firmness values after the third day of storage. The results showed that the ABP1,5% and BP1,5% groups not only delayed ripening, but increased the postharvest life of bananas by 2 and 4 days, respectively; results that corroborate with the photographic records. It was found that BP1.5% kept bananas with mold and yeast count within microbiological standards, throughout storage. The coatings did not alter the sensory characteristics of the banana. Therefore, 1,5% chitosan coverings, with and without bentonite, were more efficient in elaying ripening and prolonging the shelf life of bananas.
8	JÉSSICA BASTOS PIMENTEL ULTRAPROCESSED FOOD CONSUMPTION ASSOCIATED WITH ANTHROPOMETRIC CHANGES AND LIPID PROFILE IN ADOLESCENTS WITH OVERWEIGHT Advisor : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BARTIRA GORGULHO KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA Data: Jun 5, 2020 Show Abstract Evidence have pointed to a high prevalence of obesity and lipid alterations associated with high consumption of ultra-processed foods (AUP) in children and adolescents. The aim of the study was to quantify food consumption by level of processing and its influence on anthropometric and lipid profile indicators in overweight adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study carried out by non-probabilistic sampling, with adolescents between 10 and 19 years old, of both sexes, diagnosed with excess weight, attended for the first time at the pediatric outpatient clinic in Natal/RN, in October/2016 to August/2019. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, food and dietary consumption data were evaluated. Anthropometric nutritional status was assessed using BMI-for-age, PP, PC, RCQ, RCA and Ic. And CT, HDL, TG, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol for the lipid profile. Food and dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour recall. Food was classified according to the type of processing, according to the “NOVA Classification”, proposed by Monteiro et al (2010). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Student t, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Poisson regression and the Omnibus test were used for statistical analysis. The sample consisted of 158 adolescents, with a higher percentage (50,6%) being male. There were statistically significant differences for the altered variables of PP (P = 0.01), IC (P=0.04), RCA (P=0,017) and TG (P=0,047). We recorded anthropometric averages above the cutoff point for HF (1,29±0,06) and RCA (0,59±0,05) in males, and for biochemical variables, TG (105±50,44), no -HDL-c (132±30,65) and the average TG/HDL (2,76±1,54) and CT/HDL (4,32±1,04) ratios above the recommended. We verified means of PP (33,00±2,22), IC (1,23±0,07) and RCA (0,57±0,06) and CT (173±30,28), TG (122±61,32), without HDL-c (133±28,38) and the TG/HDL (3,22±1,96) and CT/HDL (4,44±0,95) ratios above that recommended in women. The average caloric intake of the total sample was 1.731,3 ± 635,4 kcal/day. Male adolescents had a higher caloric intake compared to girls (1.835,9 ± 671,2 vs. 1.621,1 ± 579,5 kcal/day; t(154) = 2,134; P = 0,034). There was a greater relative caloric contribution of fresh foods and AUP in both sexes. It was found that adolescents with high non-HDL-c had increased mean values for IC [t(149,692) = -2,196; P = 0,029], TG [U(117) = 2245,0; P < 0,001], CT [t(156) = -15,913; P < 0,001] e não-HDL-c [t(145,044) = -17,629; P < 0,001]. In the crude and adjusted regression model, an association was identified between elevated non-HDL-c and RCQ (RP: 1,4; IC 95%: 1,1 a 1,9), TG/HDL ratio (RP: 1,9; IC 95%: 1,2 a 3,0), and CT/HDL ratio (RP: 5,3; IC 95%: 2,6 a 10,6) in the crude analysis and only the CT/HDL ratio remained associated with elevated non-HDL-c in the adjusted analysis. We conclude that the anthropometric indicators of HF and RCA were more evident in male adolescents and changes in TC, TG, non-HDL-c and TG / HDL, CT / HDL ratios in women. Although we did not find associations between AUPs and cardiometabolic disorders, non-HDL-c is a cardiometabolic risk in these adolescents.
9	GRAZIELLE LOUISE RIBEIRO DE OLIVEIRA EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND STABILITY OF NANOENCAPSULATED CAROTENOID EXTRACT FROM CANTALOUPE MELON (Cucumis melo L.) FOR FOOD APPLICATION Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ISABEL RODRIGUEZ AMADO ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Jun 8, 2020 Show Abstract Nanoencapsulation presents itself as an alternative to promote increased solubility, stability, potentiate, and preserve the antioxidant action of carotenoids. In this study, the antioxidant potential and stability of the carotenoid-rich extract of Cantaloupe melon (CE) nanoencapsulated in gelatin (EPG) for application in food was evaluated. EPG was obtained by oil-in-water (O/W) emulsification, and physical and chemical methods characterized the particles. They were evaluated for antioxidant activity through tests using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH •) and 2,2´-azino-bis- (3- ethylbenzoatiazolin) -6-sulfonic acid (ABTS •): ( 1) CE (0.05 mg/mL); (2) commercial standard β-carotene (0.009 mg/mL); (3) nanoparticles without CE (4.00 mg/mL); (4) EPG (4.05 mg/mL) and; (4) CE extracted from nanoparticles (0.05 mg/mL). Besides, the stability of CE and EPG was evaluated at room and refrigeration temperature (25 °C and 5 °C, respectively) with and without the presence of light (1600 lux), for 60 days through (1) the content of β-carotene by UHPLC; and (2) the antioxidant activity by ABTS. The characterization showed spherical nanoparticles with a smooth surface [90.9 (7.20) nm and 0.56 (0.08)], and chemical interactions between CE and porcine gelatin, confirming the encapsulation. For antioxidant capacity by ABTS and DPPH, respectively, oxidation inhibition (%): 1) CE: 22.2 (1.37)% and 18.8 (0.95)%; (2) standard β-carotene: 10.7 (1.55)% and 30.6 (0.54)%; (3) nanoparticles without CE: 0.0 (0.0)% and 0.0 (0.0)%; (4) EPG: 0.0 (0.0)% and 0.0 (0.0)%; (4) CE extracted from nanoparticles: 35.0 (2.15)% and 30.0 (0.25)%. Therefore, nanoencapsulation potentiated in the range of 57-59% of the antioxidant activity of CE. The stability study showed that after 60 days, CE showed low retention of β-carotene, in the range of 0 to 43.6%, with the lowest percentages at the light (0.00%) and dark (10.0%) at room temperature. Thus, generating a negative impact on antioxidant activity, which was completely lost in the four conditions evaluated (0.0%). For CE extracted from EPG, at the end of 60 days, 99.0% retention of β-carotene was observed in the dark at room temperature and under refrigeration. Upon exposure to light, at room temperature, there was a total loss of β-carotene (0.0%) and, under refrigeration, 83.1% retention. Therefore, nanoencapsulation promoted greater protection and stability of the carotenoid under refrigeration and at room temperature in the absence of light (99.0%). Besides, there is an excellent result obtained under refrigeration in the presence of light. Regarding antioxidant activity, preservation was found in the range of 68.7 - 48.3% after 60 days, also associated with storage conditions in the dark at room temperature and under refrigeration. Therefore, the study demonstrated that Nanotechnology promoted the protection, enhancement, and increased stability of Cantaloupe melon carotenoids. Thus, increasing the potential for applying natural dyes with antioxidant properties in processed foods.
10	THATYANE OLIVEIRA SOUZA METABOLIC SYNDROME, HYPERTRIGLYCHERIDEMIC WAIST AND NUTRIENT INTAKE IN OVERWEIGHT ADOLESCENTS Advisor : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ADÉLIA DA COSTA PEREIRA DE ARRUDA BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA Data: Jun 9, 2020 Show Abstract The worldwide epidemic of obesity in the pediatric age group is responsible for the occurrence of metabolic disorders that can culminate in Metabolic Syndrome (MS). The study aimed to evaluate the frequency of MS and Hypertriglycerodemic Waist (CHT) and its association with the prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy in overweight adolescents with and without MS. Cross-sectional study, by non-probabilistic sampling, with overweight adolescents, attended at Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes / UFRN, Natal / RN. Anthropometric, biochemical, food and dietary consumption data were collected. We conducted two 24-hour reminders to estimate the usual consumption of energy and nutrients. The prevalence of inadequacy of micronutrients was estimated by the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) as a cutoff point, with adjustments for intra and interpersonal and energy variances. The normality of data distribution was verified by the Komolgorov-Smirnov test and the Mann-Whitney U test. The t-Student test to verify differences in the metabolic characteristics of adolescents with and without MS, and with and without CHT. Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test to verify the binary association of variables with MS. Poisson regression was used to verify the prevalence ratio between CHT and SM. The final sample consisted of 168 adolescents, 53% male and an average age of 11.6 ± 1.6 years. We registered 57.1% with obesity, 22.2% with MS and 42.3% with CHT. We found significant differences between adolescents with and without MS for CP, fasting glycemia, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. MS was associated with BMI, CP, fasting glycemia, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, both by the cutoff point for SM and for CHT, just as it was associated with CHT. CHT was associated with MS regardless of fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, and the prevalence ratio between CHT and MS was 5.02 (95% CI, 1.94 to 12.99; P = 0.001). The average consumption of energy and macronutrients in adolescents with MS was 1671.58 Kcal / day, 52.45% carbohydrate, 16.70% protein, 30.85% total fat and 16.77 g / day fiber . The prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy in both sexes was 100% for the following nutrients, regardless of the presence of MS: vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, vitamin B12. We found high prevalence of inadequacy for adolescents with and without MS respectively, vitamin A (80.51 - 98.54%), vitamin B1 (81.59 - 99.62%), vitamin B2 (92.79 - 100%), vitamin B6 (96.86 - 99.78%), phosphorus (91.31 - 97.13%), magnesium (95.15 - 100%), copper (77.34 - 92.22%). We concluded that there was a high prevalence of MS, correlated with anthropometric status, CP, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, HDL-c and triglycerides, as well as associated with CHT. Adequacy was observed regarding energy and macronutrient consumption and high prevalence of inadequate vitamin and mineral consumption regardless of the presence of MS.
11	MARCELY ARAÚJO DE MORAIS Sarcopenia in the elderly and relationship with anthropometric and bioelectric parameters: International Mobility in Aging Study – IMIAS Brazil Advisor : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES MARIA CRISTINA GONZALEZ SANCHA HELENA DE LIMA VALE Data: Sep 9, 2020 Show Abstract Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by reduced muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. It is considered one of the main causes of disability in the elderly, which implies impairments in functional capacity and quality of life. Factors such as decreased protein synthesis, proteolysis, changes in neuromuscular integrity, and fat content may be involved in its genesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in the elderly by relating them to anthropometric and bioelectric parameters. This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort, of the 3rd wave of the International Mobility in Aging Study - IMIAS Brasil project in 2016, with the participation of 169 elderly people. Anthropometric and bioelectric data were collected to assess nutritional status. Such data were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and the skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), related to low muscle mass, strength and physical performance to obtain the diagnosis of sarcopenia; lean mass index (LMI) and fat mass index (FMI) to identify sarcopenic obesity; the phase angle (PA) for the vector analysis of bioelectrical impedance (BIVA), which was performed by BIVA software 2002. Among the elderly participants, 14.8% had sarcopenia and 13.6% sarcopenic obesity. Regarding the anthropometric nutritional status, 7.1% were underweight and 69.8% were overweight and obese and 89.4% of the elderly were found to be at high risk for cardiovascular disease. The elderly with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity had lower BMI and perimeter values of the arm, calf, and muscle of the arm than those who did not have these conditions (p <0.05). LMI values were lower for those with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (p <0.001, for both sexes). The PA values were lower for men with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (p <0.003 and p <0.021, respectively). In the analysis stratified by sex, according to the BIVA, groups of elderly people with sarcopenia and with sarcopenic obesity had longer vectors when compared to the others (p <0.0001). When plotting the individual vectors, reduced cell mass was observed in 71% of women with sarcopenia, and 88% with sarcopenic obesity. For men, we detected reduced cell mass in 36% of those with sarcopenia and in 33% of those who had sarcopenic obesity. In conclusion, individuals with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity had lower values of anthropometric parameters related to the muscularity and a bioelectric nutritional profile with impaired cellularity.
12	TASSIA LOUISE SOUSA AUGUSTO DE MORAIS Effect of nutritional therapy on kidney function, body composition and quality of life in kidney transplant recipients Advisor : ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE COMMITTEE MEMBERS : MILENA BARCZA STOCKLER-PINTO ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE ARTUR QUINTILIANO BEZERRA DA SILVA KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA Data: Sep 24, 2020 Show Abstract Proteinuria, a common clinical condition after kidney transplantation (KTx), has multifactorial causes, but there are indications that high dietary protein intake also influences renal function outcomes. In the late posttransplant there is an indication for nutritional therapy with control of protein intake, however there are gaps on the real impact of interventions on renal function parameters and other posttransplant aspects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an individualized nutritional intervention in the late posttransplant on renal function, body composition and quality of life of KTx recipients at a University Hospital in Natal / RN. This is a clinical trial, conducted with 20 patients, randomized into a case group (n=10) - with nutritional intervention consisting of an eating plan and individualized nutritional guidelines (1,0 g/Kg of protein) after 60 days of KTx, and control group (n=10) - with nutritional guidelines for posttransplant offered by the hospital. The groups were followed up in the periods of immediate posttransplant (T0), 3 (T3), 6 (T6) and 9 (T9) months after KTx, being evaluated for renal function (urea concentrations, serum creatinine and ACR) , lipid and glycemic profile, dietary assessment (3-day food record), anthropometric measurements (BMI and waist circumference) and body composition (DXA), in addition to the assessment of quality of life (SF-36), level of physical activity (IPAQ) and screening for mental disorders (SRQ20). The results showed a 30% reduction in the mean values of ACR, indicated as the primary outcome, for the case group at T6, and although reduction was also observed for the control group in the same period, there was no significant difference between groups (p = 0.886).There was an improvement in the dyslipidemia, with an adaptation of the mean values of TC, LDL-c and TG, for the case group, still in T6, while in the control this was only observed in T9, however the differences were not significant (p=0,496). The glycemic levels of the case group did not show a reduction, as perceived for the control, in T6, but remained stable and with a tendency to decrease in T9 (p=0,690). Body weight was maintained for patients in the case group, but there was no reduction in the percentage of body fat and an increase in lean mass, as observed for the control group, at T6 (p=0,964/p=0,761). Low protein intake as well as possible fluctuations in body weight in the case group, before 6 months, may have favored the increase in fat mass at T0 (r=- 0,523/p=0,018) and T6 (r=-0,636/p=0,048). As for the quality of life, there was a significant improvement in the score of the 'vitality' domain of the emotional component (p=0,022), for the case group, at T6. In conclusion, the individualized nutritional intervention favored the control of energy and protein intake in the late posttransplant, and this may be important for reducing the risk of proteinuria, improving quality of life and maintaining body weight, however, the composition can be altered with a consequent reduction in muscle mass.
13	ROMAYANA MEDEIROS DE OLIVEIRA TAVARES EFFECT OF BLANCHING AND KINETIC STUDY FOR THE BENEFIT OF GREEN BEANS [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Advisor : KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO LINDOMAR MARIA DA SILVEIRA ROBERTO RODRIGUES CUNHA LIMA Data: Oct 21, 2020 Show Abstract Green beans (green beans) have an important role in the economy and nutrition of different populations. However, the high perishability impairs commercialization, which can sometimes be discontinued. Blanching is a technological alternative that can give greater durability to green beans. This research aims to investigate the effects of blanching on physical characteristics (firmness, color, and mass gain) and enzymatic activity of peroxidase (POD) in green beans; to study the kinetic behavior of these properties, and to evaluate the shelf life of fresh and blanched green beans stored under refrigeration (4.90 ºC). Experiments were carried out with three temperatures (70, 80, and 90 ° C) and six times (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 minutes) to analyze the blanching effects and the kinetics of the studied properties. The physical-chemical, microbiological, and enzymatic (POD) changes, in addition to photographic monitoring, were evaluated throughout storage under refrigeration. A significant decrease (p <0.05) in enzymatic activity after blanching was evidenced. However, the application of high temperatures for a long period caused the grains to soften, increased mass gain, and decreased green hue. The dependence on decreased enzymatic activity, firmness, and color with temperature showed coefficients of determination (R2) that indicated a satisfactory fit of the data to the first-order kinetic model. The study of the effects and the kinetic model showed that the use of 70 ° C for 4 minutes was favorable for maintaining and / or improving the physical characteristics of the raw material. During the refrigerated storage period, the pH and the total titratable acidity of the blanched green beans suffered little change; microbiological load and POD activity showed a significant reduction (p <0.05) with blanching and remained stable (p> 0.05) until the eighth day of storage. The blanching of green beans at 70 ° C for 4 minutes increased storage under refrigeration in 5 days when compared to unblanched green beans under the same conditions. Thus, blanching is shown as an alternative for the processing of green beans, favoring an economic rise in production with guaranteed quality and safety attributes of green beans.
14	LAYNE CHRISTINA BENEDITO DE ASSIS LIMA Association amongst the components of the metabolic syndrome and biological, nutritional factors, and the lifestyle in patients with metabolic syndrome Advisor : LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : FABIANA MARIA COIMBRA DE CARVALHO LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA LUCIA LEITE LAIS Data: Dec 29, 2020 Show Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of disorders related to lipid profile (triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol), glycemic, increased central fat deposition and blood pressure, which are considered cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association amongst the components of MS and biological, nutritional and lifestyle factors in individuals with MS. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with individuals between 19 and 77 years, both sexes, enrolled at the Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes - HUOL, UFRN. The individuals who presented the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the research and after agreement were applied the questionnaires of life habits, first 24-hour dietary recall, blood pressure measurements, anthropometric and scheduled biochemical analyses were performed. The second stage consisted of the delivery of biochemical test results, application of the second 24-hour dietary recall and nutritional guidance. Of the total of 224 participants, 172 (76.8%) were women, with a mean 51(12) years, 26.3% were between 60 and 77 years old. . Women are more likely to have changes in waist circumference, as well as HDL-C, and glycaemia (OR = 3,20; IC95% 3,00 - 8,06, OR= 2,94; IC95% 1,36 - 6,31, OR = 0,31; IC95% 0,11 – 0,75, respectively. Dietary consumption of energy, fibers, potassium, copper, iron, and selenium have showed differences amongst groups with and without changes in the components of MS (p<0,05); of these nutrients, potassium has been estimated as a protective factor for HDL-C (OR = 0,98; IC95% 0,97 - 0,99). Individuals with high waist circumference have had more altered concentrations of lipid, glycemic and inflammatory markers (p<0,05), and the body mass index has been considered as a predictor of this component (OR = 2,12; IC95% 1,69 - 3,97). Physical activity has emerged as a protective factor for triglycerides (OR = 0,28; IC95% 0,09 – 0,79). Increased age has been considered a predictor for changes in blood pressure and blood glucose (OR = 1,05; IC95% 1,02 – 1,08, OR = 1,07; IC95% 1,04 – 1,10, respectively). Every increase in sleeping time can decrease the chance of high blood pressure by 22%. Dietary potassium intake, physical activity, and sleeping hours have been able considered in therapeutic approaches aimed at prevention and treatment of the MS.

2019

	Dissertations
1	ANGÉLICA LUIZA DE SALES SOUZA VITAMIN D STATUS AND CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS IN OVERWEIGHT/ OBESITY ADOLESCENTS Advisor : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA NÁGILA RAQUEL TEIXEIRA DAMASCENO Data: Apr 16, 2019 Show Abstract Evidence indicates the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disorders in infants and adolescents worldwide, but few studies have been conducted in sunny urban regions in northeastern Brazil. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese adolescents. This cross-sectional study carried out by non-probability sampling, involved all adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age, of both sexes, diagnosed as being overweight or obese, who were first seen at the pediatric outpatient clinic of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital / UFRN (Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte), Natal / RN, from September 2016 to November 2018. Data relating to clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, physical activity, exposure to sun and skin phototype were evaluated. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was analyzed via chemiluminescence method. The adolescents were agrouped according to 25(OH)D concentrations of "sufficient" (≥30ng/mL) and "hypovitaminosis D" (<30ng/mL). Comparisons of the variables between the groups were carried out using appropriate statistical tests. Correlations between 25(OH)D concentrations and continuous variables were assessed by Spearman's coefficient (r). The relationship between the independent variables and the 25(OH)D concentration was established and ajusted using the generalized linear regression model (GLM). The sample was composed of 125 adolescents, the majority male, with age range from 10 to 11 years old, with a median age of 11 years old. A frequency of hypovitaminosis D was of 45.6%. A higher percentage of hypovitaminosis D (56.1%) was found in the females. The mean concentration of 25(OH)D was 32.73 (10.03) ng/mL in general; 39.39 (8.25) ng/mL in the 25(OH)D sufficiency group and 24.38 (4.01) ng/mL in the hypovitaminosis D group, regardless of gender. There were statistically significant associations between hypovitaminosis D and age increase (X²=7.45, p=0.024), arterial pressure (X²=7.56, p=0.006), neck circumference (X²=5.84, p= 0.016), HOMA-IR index (X²=5.84, p=0.016) and arterial pressure_metabolic syndrome (X²=7.56, p=0.006). After adjusting for sexual maturation, serum concentrations of 25(OH)D presented a significant positive correlation with exposure to sun (r=0.321, p=0.000) and physical activity (r=0.189; p=0.034); and a significant negative correlation with arterial pressure (r=-0.288, p=0.001), body weight (r=-0.236, p=0.008), neck circumference (r=-0.200, p=0.025), PTH (r=-0.229, p=0.020), fasting insulin (r=-0.375, p=0.000) and HOMA-IR (r=-0.386, p=0.000). The generalized linear regression model identified a significant negative association between weekly exposure to sun [Odds Ratio (OR)=0.96; confidence interval 95%= 0.92 - 0.99, p <0.05] in the prediction of hypovitaminosis D, and significant positive associations were found between the arterial pressure according to the percentage [Odds Ratio (OR)= 4.00; confidence interval 95%= 1.19 - 13.37, p<0.05], and arterial pressure as the diagnostic criterion for the metabolic syndrome [Odds Ratio (OR)=0.96, 4.73; confidence interval 95%= 1.45 - 15.45, P <0.05], in which adolescents with elevated arterial pressure were four times more likely to present hypovitaminosis D; and significant positive associations between body weight [Odds Ratio (OR)= 1.04; confidence interval 95%= 1.01 - 1.07, p <0.05], and fasting insulin [Odds Ratio (OR)= 1.13; confidence interval 95%= 1,05 - 1.22, p <0.05] as predictors of hypovitaminosis D. It was concluded that low exposure to sun is associated to hypovitaminosis D, and that the reduction of 25(OH)D is positively associated with elevation of arterial pressure, overweight and resistance to insulin in overweight/obese adolescents originating from a sunny region.
2	IASMIN MATIAS DE SOUSA Skeletal muscle mass of cancer patients: comparison between assessment methods and association with mortality. Advisor : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CARLA PRADO ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH URSULA VIANA BAGNI Data: Jul 24, 2019 Show Abstract Cancer impacts on body composition, and loss of muscle mass (MM) is associated to worse outcomes. Therefore, it is important to investigate simple, easy and cost-effective methods of MM assessment to early identify individuals with low MM. The objective of the study was to evaluate if calf circumference (CC) may be used as a marker of MM considering skeletal muscle index (SMI) from computed tomography (CT) as a gold standard and the prognostic value of CC and SMI to predict mortality in patients with cancer. A single center prospective study was conducted with adult and elderly patients attending a reference center of oncology and had recent abdominal CT images available. Data was collected through a semi-structured form and patients’ records, and included socio-demographic data (sex, age and ethnicity); clinical data (primary site and staging of tumor and treatments performed); anthropometric variables (body mass index – BMI and CC) and outcome (death). Muscle strength was accessed using handgrip strength (dynamometry). MM was assessed by CT images at the level of the third lumbar vertebra, muscle quantity was analyzed by SMI (total muscular area normalized for height) and muscle quality by muscle attenuation (MA). Spearman’s correlation, sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive and negative value and area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex and staging of disease was used to evaluate prognostic value of the MM evaluation methods to predict mortality. A total of 250 patients (52.8% female) were evaluated, with a median age of 63 years (IQR: 55-73). Colorectal cancer was the most prevalent, followed by gastric cancer in men and breast cancer in women. Stages III and IV together represented 64% of the patients and 48% performed combined treatment. Almost half were classified as normal BMI (44.4%), 46.4% had low CC; low SMI was observed in 29.2% of the patients, 33.6% had low MA and low muscle strength was identified in 41.6% of the sample (dynapenia). CC was positively correlated with MM and SMI obtained by CT images, with highest correlation obtained between CC and MM not adjusted for height both in men (r=0.667, p<0.001) and women (r=0.392, p<0.001) (moderate and weak correlation, respectively). The area under curve for CC identifying low MM was greater in men (AUC 0.697, 78% sensitivity and 62% specificity) compared to women (AUC 0.563, 50% sensitivity and 63% specificity). Kappa test showed a fair agreement (0.366, p < 0.001) between the methods, however it was observed only for male. Death by any cause occurred in 16% of patients and significant predictor of mortality was identified only for low CC (HR = 3.02; CI 1.52-6.03, p = 0.002). In conclusion, low CC was consistent with low SMI for male patients and predicts risk of mortality in patients with cancer. The findings allow the use of CC as a simple screen tool in clinical practice to identify cancer patients in risk of death to target specific care.
3	KEITH HELLEN DIAS DA SILVA Nanoencapsulation in porcine gelatine and isolated milk serum protein increases solubility of quinoa oil (Chenopodium quinoa) obtained by biotechnology Advisor : CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS MATHEUS DE FREITAS FERNANDES PEDROSA GLAUCIA MARIA PASTORE Data: Jul 26, 2019 Show Abstract QQuinoa oil (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is highly nutritious, however, liposolubility brings many technological challenges to its application in the food industry, as well as its usual extraction using organic solvents is economically unfeasible due to low yield. Thus, the present study aimed to perform the physicochemical and chemical characterization (fatty acid profile, alpha and gamma-tocopherol concentration and mineral determination) of quinoa oil obtained by biotechnological process, as well as to produce and characterize the quinoa oil encapsulated in porcine gelatin (PG) and in the combination whey protein isolated (WPI) and PG. The encapsulation was performed by the oil/water emulsification techniques to obtain the formulations OG4, OG8, OWG1.4 and OWG1.8, and multilayer emulsification for OWG2.4 and OWG2.8, varying the amount of quinoa oil (4 and 8 g). The encapsulates obtained were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Laser Diffraction, Zeta Potential, and evaluated for the efficiency of incorporation (%) and solubility in water (%). The fatty acids profile of the oil showed a predominance of linoleic acid (55.39%), and the physicochemical characteristics evaluated were following the current legislation. The mineral that presented the highest concentration was phosphorus (2.04 mg.g-1), and the concentration of alpha and gamma-tocopherol was, respectively, 8.56 and 6.28 mg.100g-1 of oil. Regarding the characterization of the formulations obtained, it was observed the presence of particles with a smooth surface, without depressions or cracks; with average diameter and polydispersion index in the range 165.77 to 529.70 nm and 0.379 to 0.687, respectively; with superficial load varying between +3.76 and +12.06 mV; and semicrystalline structures. Besides, the FTIR indicated that in all the encapsulated there was the attenuation of the vibrations that characterize the crude oil, being more expressive in the formulations that contained the combination of encapsulating agents. Moreover, the formation of new vibrational bands, which indicate chemical interactions between the encapsulating agents and the oil. The incorporation efficiency and solubility in water found ranged from 77 to 91% and 48 to 71%, respectively. Therefore, the results show that the formulations produced by multilayer emulsification and with the combination of encapsulating agents (WPI and PG) presented the best characteristics to enable the application in food.
4	PRISCILA NUNES COSTA Association between nutrient intake, intestinal barrier function, and environmental enteropathy among Brazilian children from the MAL-ED cohort study Advisor : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ARMENIO AGUIAR DOS SANTOS BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA Data: Jul 29, 2019 Show Abstract Nutrition during the complementary feeding period provides nutrients and dietary compounds that influence intestinal health. This study aimed to investigate the association between nutrient intake of complementary food and intestinal barrier function in infants under two years of age. A prospective longitudinal study included 233 children aged 9 to 15 months from the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study, carried out in Fortaleza-CE. The dietary intake of complementary food was estimated based on 24-hour dietary recall (24HR), collected monthly from 9 to 15 months of age. The usual nutrient intake was adjusted by intrapersonal variance and energy. Nutritional adequacy of the energy, fiber, and macronutrients dietary intake was evaluated by the ratio between the value consumed and the recommended one. For the micronutrient adequacy of diet, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was constructed from the nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) calculated for vitamins (vitamin A, thiamine and folate) and minerals (iron, zinc, and calcium). The evaluation of intestinal barrier function was determined by the lactulose/mannitol urinary ratio (L: M). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), neopterin (NEO) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) concentrations were measured in stool samples to indicate gut immunity and permeability. As an indicator of environmental enteropathy (EE), the EE score was calculated, based on the categorization of the three fecal biomarkers concentrations (MPO, NEO, AAT) distributions. To investigate the association between energy and nutrient intake and intestinal biomarkers multiple linear regressions were used. Nutritional adequacy was high for all evaluated nutrients, except for the fiber intake adequacy. All biomarkers exhibited high values, indicating a compromised intestinal barrier function and the presence of intestinal inflammation among the infants evaluated. There was a negative correlation between energy adequacy and L: M (ρ = -0.19, p <0.05) and between folate adequacy and NEO concentrations (ρ = -0.21, p <0.01). However, a positive correlation between thiamine adequacy and MPO concentration (ρ = 0.22, p <0.01) and between calcium adequacy and NEO concentration (ρ = 0.23; p < 0.01). The results from the regression models showed that higher energy intake was associated with a lower L: M ratio (β = -0.19, p = 0.02) and that higher fiber intake was associated with lower intestinal inflammation (β = -0.20, p = 0.04). In conclusion, the infants showed nutrient intakes higher than the recommended dietary allowance (on the exception of fiber), impaired intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation. The higher energetic and fiber intakes were associated with a better intestinal barrier function and lower intestinal inflammation, respectively.
5	MARIA EDUARDA DA COSTA ANDRADE IMPACT OF FEDERAL FEEDING PROGRAMS ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS Advisor : URSULA VIANA BAGNI COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA CLAUDIA CAVALCANTI PEIXOTO DE VASCONCELOS FABIO RESENDE DE ARAUJO URSULA VIANA BAGNI Data: Jul 29, 2019 Show Abstract Brazilian adolescents who attend high school in federal institutes are assisted by federal feeding programs that may affect their nutritional status. In this regard, this study evaluated the impact of participation in the National School Feeding Program (Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, PNAE) and the Student Feeding Program (Programa de Alimentação Estudantil, PAIF) of the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, IFRN) in the evolution of the nutritional status of adolescents. This is an observational, prospective, descriptive and analytical study, developed with a representative sample of students admitted in the year 2017 of IFRN in Natal/RN. Secondary data on health and nutritional status were collected at admission, and a face-to-face assessment was performed after one year of admission (height, weight and self-completed questionnaire). The Split Plot ANOVA test with a 95% confidence level was used to compare the evolution of Height for Age (H/A) and Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/A) z-scores, between participants and non-participants of the programs over time and between groups. The strength of the association between the improvement of the anthropometric indexes and the characteristics of the adolescents was verified through the Prevalence Ratio and their respective Confidence Intervals of 95%. In the 250 adolescents evaluated, there was a reduction in the H/A z-score over time (-0.17 EZ to -0.35 EZ, p <0.001, eta = 0.195). In the participants of the PAIF there was a smaller reduction (from -0.30 EZ to -0.41 EZ) when compared to the non-participants (from -0.13 EZ to -0.33 EZ) (p <0.046, eta = 0.016). No significant differences were found in BMI/A z-score over time and between groups. The prevalence of H/A improvement was associated with age, daily time at school and participation in the PAIF; while the prevalence of improvement in BMI/A was shown to be associated with sex, the stage of sexual maturation and the number of people in the household. It was concluded that the participation in PNAE had no impact on the nutritional status in the period of one year, whereas the participation in PAIF helped to safeguard the linear growth of the students in situations of socioeconomic vulnerability.
6	LÍDIA LEONIZE RODRIGUES MATIAS EFFECT OF TRYPSIN INHIBITOR ISOLATED FROM TAMARIND SEEDS NANOENCAPSULATED ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN WISTAR RATS OVERFEED Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS MAIRA CONCEIÇÃO JERONIMO DE SOUZA LIMA THAIS SOUZA PASSOS VIVIAN NOGUEIRA SILBIGER Data: Jul 31, 2019 Show Abstract Studies have shown the benefits of Trypsin Inhibitor isolated from Tamarind seeds (Tamarindus indica L.) (TTI), which improves several biochemical parameters in Wistar rats. However, alternatives are sought to intensify the effect of TTI, through encapsulation, which allows a controlled release and potentialize the bioactive effect. In this study, we investigated the impact of nanoencapsulated TTI on chitosan and whey protein isolate (ECW) on biochemical parameters (glycemia, insulin and lipid profile) of Wistar rats overfeed with high glycemic index diet (HGLI), in addition to evaluating the in vitro stability of the ECW against the physiological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The nanoparticles were synthesized by nanoprecipitation using an aqueous solution containing chitosan, whey protein isolate and TTI (2: 2: 1 w/w/w) (ECW) and without ITT (2: 2 w/w) (CW). The nanoencapsulates were mainly characterized by morphology (SEM) and particle size (Laser Diffraction). They were also evaluated for stability to in vitro gastrointestinal tract conditions being performed in the three phases, oral, gastric and intestinal, and monitored by antitrypsin activity, SDS-PAGE gel protein profile and High-Efficiency Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The nanoparticles were administered in vivo by gavage (12.5 mg/kg of ECW and 10.0 mg/kg of CW) in Wistar rats overfeed with HGLI diet and investigated for biochemical parameters and histopathological analysis of the pancreas. ECW and CW have spherical shapes, smooth surfaces and agglomeration and, respectively, mean diameter of 117.4 nm (24.1) and 123.9 (11.3), and polydispersity index of 0.370 (0.004) and 0.225 (0.013).The results obtained in conditions simulating digestibility showed that ECW maintained the antitrypsin activity in 95.5% in the gastric phase, whereas the TTI (control) was hydrolyzed, completely losing the activity and characteristic protein peak observed by HPLC. In the presence of intestinal enzymes, ECW and TTI were susceptible to assay conditions, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE and HPLC. In Wistar rats overfeed with HGLI diet, ECW and CW significantly reduced glycemia and HOMA IR, and only ECW increased HDL-c (p <0.05). Regarding the histopathology of the pancreas, ECW obtained better results regarding tissue repair and aspects related to organ normality and functionality. Based on the results obtained, the importance of the study is emphasized due to its innovative character. It was possible to show that the nanoencapsulation promoted better protection of the TTI, and gradual release in the desired condition, improvement of the biochemical parameters related to the Metabolic Syndrome, using a low TTI dosage.
7	FERNANDA LAMBERT DE ANDRADE ZINC AND COPPER STATUS AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH BIODEMOGRAPHIC, CLINICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HEART FAILURE Advisor : KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANDERSON MARLIERE NAVARRO KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA SANCHA HELENA DE LIMA VALE Data: Jul 31, 2019 Show Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome with two predominant etiologies, ischemic HF and non-ischemic HF. There are gaps on the exact impact of the etiology and other factors associated with HF on zinc and copper status. The aim was to investigate the zinc and copper status in individuals with ischemic and non-ischemic HF, and the associations with biodemographic, clinical, biochemical and nutritional parameters. This is a cross-sectional study that included 80 patients with HF who were treated in an outpatient setting, grouped with ischemic (n=36) and non-ischemic HF (n=44). Biodemographic, clinical, biochemical and nutritional data were evaluated. Zinc biomarkers (plasma zinc, urine zinc and dietary zinc), copper biomarkers (plasma copper, ceruloplasmin and dietary copper) and copper/zinc ratio were investigated. Student's t-tests, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used to compare the groups. Multiple linear regression using the stepwise method was used to evaluate associations. We observed lower zinc intake and higher copper intake in the group with ischemic HF (both p=0.02), with higher prevalence of inadequate of zinc intake and lower prevalence of inadequate copper intake. No differences were detected in plasma zinc and copper, copper/zinc ratio, ceruloplasmin and urine zinc between the groups (all p≥0.05). The median values of these biomarkers were within reference range in both groups. Inverse associations were observed between plasma zinc and age (β=-0.001, p=0.005) and use of diuretic (β=-0.047, p=0.013). Transferrin saturation (β=-0.002, p=0.014), plasma copper (β=0.001, p<0.001), albumin (β=0.090, p<0.001) and ischemic etiology (β=0.038; p=0.012) were directly associated with plasma zinc. It was identified a direct association between ceruloplasmin (β=0.011, p<0.001), GGT (β=0.001, p <0.001), albumin (β=0.077, p=0.001), hs-CRP (β=0.001, p=0.024), dietary calcium (β=0,000, p=0,015) and plasma copper. On the other hand, the independent variables previous alcoholism (β=-0.070, p<0.001) and dietary fiber (β=-0.016, p=0.008) were inversely associated with plasma copper. The results suggest that there are no significant changes in zinc and copper status, regardless of the etiology of HF. It is important to monitore the predictive variables of plasma zinc and copper related to the context of HF, especially those associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
8	ANA LÚCIA MIRANDA BODY COMPOSITION AS PROGNOSTIC FACTOR OF ADVERSE EVENTS IN SUGICAL PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC AND COLORECTAL CANCER: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY Advisor : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH ENIO CAMPOS AMICO NILIAN CARLA SILVA SOUZA Data: Oct 2, 2019 Show Abstract Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with gastric and colorectal tumors among the 10 most common types. Changes in body composition and skeletal muscle mass of cancer patients are common; however, such changes may directly impact survival and are associated with a higher incidence of post-surgical complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate which aspects related to body composition, muscle strength and skeletal muscle characteristics are predictive factors of postoperative complications in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. A prospective study, from December 2017 to December 2018, was performed with surgical patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. Computed tomography images of the abdominal region were evaluated to determine body composition: amount of skeletal muscle through Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI), skeletal muscle quality through muscle radiodensity, which reflects fat infiltration into the muscle, and amount of Visceral Adipose Tissue. Sarcopenia was defined as low SMI, and myosteatosis as low muscle radiodensity. Dynapenia was defined as low handgrip strength. Grade II post-surgical complications or above, according to Clavien-Dindo's classification, were considered in this study. All patients were followed up until hospital discharge, and 30 days after discharge. A total of 84 patients were included in the study and 17.9% were diagnosed with sarcopenia, 16.7% with myosteatosis and 31% with dynapenia. Post-surgical complications occurred in 51.2% of the sample. Cox regression analyze showed that dynapenia combined with sarcopenia and/or myosteatosis was the strongest independent predictor of risk for postoperative complications in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. In conclusion, it is strongly recommended to evaluate the body composition before performing the surgical procedure, which may help to screen patients at higher risk of developing complications, reducing the risks from this therapeutic modality.
9	THAÍS LIMA DIAS BORGES Food diaries with photos taken by visually impaired people: Development and validation of protocol Advisor : URSULA VIANA BAGNI COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANNA CECILIA QUEIROZ DE MEDEIROS DIRCE MARIA LOBO MARCHIONI URSULA VIANA BAGNI Data: Dec 10, 2019 Show Abstract Research aimed at assessing the food intake of visually impaired people is still scarce. Most studies about this group of people focus on identifying their nutritional status and diet-related difficulties, and when assessing dietary intake of these individuals, they do not employ specific methods that are valid for the visually impaired. Therefore, the development of strategies for assessing food intake that meet the specificities of a visually impaired person will contribute to health promotion and actions for disease prevention. These alternatives will also provide more autonomy when it comes to self-care related to health and nutrition within this population. Thus, the objective of the present research was to develop and validate a protocol for recording a food diary with photos taken by visually impaired people using smartphones. This development and validation study was carried out in three stages. In the first one, a technique for taking photos of food by visually impaired people using smartphones was established, as well as the register of protocols for execution. The second one comprehended the visually impaired people’s photographic recordings of three standardized meals (breakfast, lunch/dinner and snack), following the protocols developed for the study. In the third one, for protocol validation purposes, there was an assessment - done by a panel of specialists (nutritionists and photographers) - of the photographs regarding focus and angle in order to identify types and quantity of food/preparations in a five-point Likert Scale. The nutritionists also did the estimated food diary based on the observation of the photos which was compared to the researchers’. The agreement between the experts was assessed by Fleiss kappa. Five protocols were tested; two remained for being considered feasible by people who cannot see. The sample was comprised of 40 visually impaired people, the majority being blind (77,5%), male (67,5%), aged ≥ 40 years (57.5%). There was a high frequency of photos that were considered satisfactory in both protocols for all evaluated attributes. Considering the 45º Protocol, the agreement between the experts was substantial regarding the framing to identify the type of food (Fleiss Kappa = 0.62 and p = 0.00). In the 90º Protocol, there was substantial agreement of the framing to identify the portion size (Fleiss Kappa = 0.61). From the analysis of the food register estimated by the experts, there was 100% accuracy for most of the investigated foods, except for coffee with milk and grilled chicken (90% accuracy), in both protocols. In the comparison between the heavy dietary record by the researchers and the estimate by the experts, there was a better estimate of the amount of food for French bread, coffee with milk and processed grape juice, in both study protocols. It is concluded, therefore, that the protocols developed allow the qualitative assessment of the diet of people with visual impairment, indicating the need for other adjacent strategies to improve the quantitative assessment, done by the professional, to be forwarded along with the photographs.
10	JOSIMARA PEREIRA NOGUEIRA Evaluation of meal production in institutional education restaurants under sustainable optics Advisor : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA SUZI BARLETTO CAVALLI Data: Dec 13, 2019 Show Abstract The production of meals in institutional restaurants covers several nuances, especially in the current scenario of intense relationship between food and climate change, water scarcity, social and economic inequality and the incidence of morbidities in the world population. Thus, the present research aims to evaluate Institutional Education Restaurants (IER) of the federal public sphere from the perspective of Sustainable Nutrition, including the economic, social, environmental and health dimensions. This study was characterized as descriptive/cross-sectional, carried out in six IER from November 2018 to August 2019. The analysis consisted of evaluating acquisition foodstuffs as well as the menu served during 1 (one) month in each educational institution. The acquired foodstuffs were investigated from the perspective of their origin – place of production; financial investment by degree of processing – based on food guide guidelines; nutritional profile – according to the parameters of the Pan American Health Organization and presence of genetically modified organisms in order to address the socioeconomic, environmental and health dimensions. The menu served was subject to environmental and health evaluation through the assessment of Water Footprint (WF) and Nutritional Composition of the meal offered. The results of the present research showed that 44.8% of the acquired foodstuffs were of local origin; 28.1% of national origin; 15.7% of regional origin; 11.0% state and only 0.4% of international origin. Higher average percentage of financial spent in “fresh or minimally processed foods” (73.4%), followed by “processed” (11.9%), “ultra-processed” (10.8%) and “seasoning/culinary ingredients” (2.2%). Excess sodium (60.8%), Saturated Fat (46.9%), Total Fat (43.6%), Free Sugars (40.1%), Trans Fat (21.3%), Sweeteners (16.2%) in the acquired foodstuffs by the institutions. It was found that 9.2% of the purchased foods were transgenic. Regarding the analysis of the menus, an average water footprint of 2 165.5 Liters of water per meal was observed, which provided an average energy value of 834.6kcal, proteins 51.8g, carbohydrates 100.2g, lipids 25.2g, fiber 11.5g and sodium 1,289.6mg. Although IER have a higher purchase of local foods, with a high financial investment in “fresh or minimally processed” foods, there have nevertheless been considerable purchases of “processed” and “ultra-processed” foods in which they have direct implications on the frequency of foodstuffs with excess sodium, saturated fat, total fat, Free sugars, trans fat and sweeteners. The data obtained in the present research show that food acquisition and menu development in the RIE are directly related to the dimensions that involve sustainable nutrition.
11	ELLANE SABRYNA SENA RIBEIRO Elaboration and characterization of probiotic beverage from yellow mombin juice fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL B-4495 Advisor : FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ESTER RIBEIRO DE ANDRADE FRANCISCO CANINDE DE SOUSA JUNIOR JULIANA KELLY DA SILVA MAIA Data: Dec 13, 2019 Show Abstract Probiotics are viable microorganisms that exhibit beneficial effects on host health when ingested in adequate amounts. Because of the benefits of regular intake of probiotic beverages and that food sources are still limited to dairy products, it is of fundamental importance that new probiotic drinks will are studied. In this sense, the objective of this study was to elaborate and characterize a probiotic beverage of yellow mombim juice (Spondias mombin L.) fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL B-4495. Initially, the pH and fermentation temperature parameters were optimized for L. acidophilus development in the yellow mombim juice using a central composite rotational design (CCRD). In CCRD, the variable pH showed significant effect on viability response, with an optimal value of 6.4. Next, a production kinetics of yellow mombim probiotic juice was evaluated during 24 h, reaching a maximum count of 12.9 Log CFU/mL in 16 h. Regarding the total phenolics in the juice, it was possible to observe a concentration of 123.20 (7.36) EAG/mL at 14 h, common point for maximum activity of 0.38 (0.01) μmol TE/mL and 2.87 (0.13) μmol TE/mL for sequestration of DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. The microbiological stability of the fermented beverage stored for 28 days under refrigeration (4 ºC) was investigated, with results expressing good stability, with viability of 8.7 Log CFU / mL after this period. Regarding, L. acidophilus under simulated gastrointestinal conditions was also evaluated, noting that there is no freshly fermented cashew apple juice showed no significant changes in viability after exposure to gastric-intestinal risk, but no juice after 28 days of cleansing was observed a reduction in viable cells in the intestinal phase. It can be concluded that the yellow mombim juice cannot use nutrient supplements for the proper growth of L. acidophilus, constituting an excellent matrix for the development of probiotic drinks.
12	RUTY EULALIA DE MEDEIROS EUFRASIO Behaviors for eating disorders and body image in ballet dancers: a comparative study with gym-goers and sedentary women Advisor : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ILANA NOGUEIRA BEZERRA BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA Data: Dec 20, 2019 Show Abstract Ballet dancers constitute a risk group for the development of eating disorders (ED) due to the strict demands on physical performance, contributing to body image dissatisfaction (BI). This study aimed to compare the presence of ED risk behaviors, the perception of BI and the associations with anthropometric nutritional status and body composition in groups of female dancers, gymgoers and sedentary women. This is a comparative study involving 19 participants in each group, conducted from August 2016 to June 2018. Body Mass Index (BMI) was alculated and body fat percentage (% BF) was analyzed and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To assess the risk behaviors for ED, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), directed to Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE), focused on Bulimia Nervosa (BN) behaviors were used. For the perception of BI, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Silhouette Figure Scale (EFS) were applied. In ballet dancers, BMI and % BF were significantly lower when compared to the other groups (one-way ANOVA, p <0.05). Total body bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA was within the expected limits for age, not differing between groups, averaging 0.4 (0.8) Z-scores. EAT-26, BITE and BSQ scores did not differ between the groups studied. The presence of BI distortion assessed by the EFS was higher among sedentary and gym-goers (68.8% in ballet dancers, 70.6% in gym-goers and 100.0% in sedentary women, p = 0.028), but dissatisfaction with BI was not differed between groups (68.8% in ballet dancers, 75.0% in gym-goers, 89.5% in sedentary women, p = 0.306). BMI and % BF showed a positive correlation with the BSQ score in the dancers (BMI: r2 = 0.657, p = 0.002; % BF: r2 = 0.574, p = 0.010). In gym-goers, % BF showed a negative correlation with the EAT-26 score (r2 = - 0.571, p = 0.013). In sedentary women, BMI positively correlated with EAT-26 score (r2 = 0.462, p = 0.047) and BSQ score (r2 = 0.653, p = 0.002), % BF positively correlated with BSQ score (r2 = 0.524, p= 0.026) and BMD negatively correlated with BITE score (r2 = - 0.537, p = 0.039). It was concluded that the presence of ED risk behaviors and BI dissatisfaction in the dancers was not different when compared to the gym-goers and sedentary women. BI distortion was less present in the ballet dancers when compared to the other groups studied. BMI and % BF correlated differently in the studied groups with behaviors suggestive of ED and BI perception, and BMD was important only in the sedentary group.

2018

	Dissertations
1	ANNY KAROLINY DE OLIVEIRA CAVALCANTI NANOENCAPSULATION OF CAROTENOIDS FROM CANTALOUPE MELON (Cucumis Melo L. reticulatus Naud.):PARTICLES CHARACTERIZATION, EVALUATION OF WATER SOLUBILITY AND COLOR STABILITY IN YOGURT Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS ARNOBIO ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR THAIS SOUZA PASSOS KÁTIA GOMES DE LIMA ARAÚJO Data: May 4, 2018 Show Abstract The objective of the study was produced and characterize the carotenoid-rich extract of Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus Naud.) Encapsulated in porcine gelatine (EPG) and whey protein concentrate (EWPC) and isolate (EWPI), evaluate the solubility in water, and the color stability in yogurt. The determination of total carotenoids by UV-visible spectrophotometry and β-carotene by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was performed. The encapsulation was performed by double emulsion W/O/W. The particles were characterized by Dynamic Light Diffusion, Zeta Potential, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR), and evaluated for incorporation efficiency, solubility in water, and stability in colorimetric yogurt (CIElab). The HPLC indicated 40 μg (0.02) of β-carotene/g of melon pulp Cantaloupe. The averages of particle size and polydispersity index were, respectively, 59.3 (2.6) nm and 0.377; 161.0 (27.3) nm and 0.614 and 123.3 (37.4) nm and 0.537 for EPG, EWPI, and EWPC. The results for the Zeta Potential were 21.2 (0.10) mV, -10.8 (0.55) mV and -14.2 (0.25) mV, respectively, for the EPG, EWPI and EWPC. SEM of the EPG showed particles with a smooth surface and of homogeneous sizes. The EWPI presented a smooth surface, but with many agglomerates and few particles on the nanoscale. For EWPC, smooth particles with no cracking and heterogeneous sizes were observed. All the obtained diffractograms revealed amorphous structures. The FTIR showed mainly for EPG and EWPC new bands not observed in the isolated materials. The incorporation efficiencies obtained for EPG, EWPC and EWPI were, respectively, 90% (7.39), 77% (8.65) and, 58.5% (0.71), without significant difference (p> 0,05) only between EPG and EWPC. In the solubility test, except for the crude extract of carotenoids and the EWPC (p> 0.05), all groups showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.05), with determined concentrations equal to 0.025 mg/ml (0.003) and 0.011mg/ml (0.0009), respectively, for EWPC and EWPI, and 0.073mg/ml (0.007) for EPG. This was three times higher than in the crude extract [0.0263mg / ml (0.003)] and, therefore, used in the stability study. In this evaluation, when the crude extract was used in yogurt (YCE), the a* index only showed no significant difference between the 0 and 15 days time (p> 0.05), presenting a significant difference (p <0.05) between the other evaluated times (30, 45 and 60 days) in comparison with time 0, indicating alteration of the tonality of the green coloration. For the b* index, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between all evaluated times when compared with time 0, showing loss of yellow coloration. However, the yogurt added of EPG yogurt did not present a significant difference (p> 0.05) for any of the indices evaluated. Therefore, the encapsulation with porcine gelatin by double emulsion technique is a promising strategy for the encapsulation of carotenoids, aiming to improve water solubility and stability in the food matrix, thus increasing the potential of carotenoid application of Cantaloupe melon.
2	JALUZA LUANA CARVALHO DE QUEIROZ Chitosan-whey protein nanoparticles improve encapsulation efficiency and stability of a trypsin inhibitor isolated from Tamarindus indica L. Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS MATHEUS DE FREITAS FERNANDES PEDROSA NORBERTO DE KASSIO VIEIRA MONTEIRO THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: May 11, 2018 Show Abstract Studies have shown that the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) (TTI) seeds have a satietogenic and anti-inflammatory action in an experimental model. Based on this and aiming to increase the efficiency and stability of the antitríptic activity, the present study investigated the isolated and conjugated effect of chitosan and isolated milk protein in the incorporation of TTI. The inhibitor was extracted from tamarind seeds and isolated by affinity chromatography on Trypsin-Sepharose. For the encapsulation, the nanoprecipitation technique was used in an organic solvent (ethanol), and the encapsulating agents evaluated were chitosan, whey protein isolate and a combination of both, respectively, in TTI: encapsulating agent ratio of 1: 4, 1: 4 and 1: 2: 2 w/w. The obtained particles were evaluated for the efficiency of incorporation, characterized by different physical and chemical methods, determination of the amount (mg) of inhibitor that reduces the activity of the trypsin by 50% (IC 50) and stability at different temperatures (40, 60, 80 and 100°C). Regarding the efficiency of incorporation, there was no statistical difference between the evaluated formulations (p> 0.05). SEM of the encapsulates showed the formation of spherical particles with a smooth surface, with the exception of that based on chitosan, in which spherical particles were observed, with surfaces filled with depressions. FTIR spectra provided indicative of ITT encapsulation with the three wall materials studied (purified chitosan, whey protein isolate, and chitosan-whey protein isolate). The diffractograms indicated that all the encapsulates presented amorphous structure. The encapsulation mainly with chitosan and the combination of wall materials promoted a reduction in IC50, respectively, equal to 0.04 mg and 0.05 mg, compared to 0.21 mg of ITT alone, which was proven to be inhibitory action, considering that the particles isolates showed no antitryptic activity. Regarding stability, only chitosan-whey protein isolate preserved the antitrytry activity up to 80°C. Thus, it can be concluded that the combination of encapsulating agents was an extremely important strategy to enhance the function and stability of the TTI.
3	ANNA BEATRIZ SANTANA LUZ Adipocytes and intestinal epithelium dysfunctions linking obesity to inflammation induced by High Glycemic Index Pellet-diet in Wistar rats. Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ALEXANDRE COELHO SERQUIZ ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH Data: May 14, 2018 Show Abstract Research to combat metabolic, body and biochemical changes has focused on the use of diets similar to the dietary pattern of the current population to induce disorders in animals. This study investigated the inflammatory effect of a pellet-diet with high glycemic index and load (HGLI) on the histological organization of adipocytes, intestinal epithelium and fat in liver and pancreas in Wistar rats. Two groups of adult animals (n = 5) received for 17 weeks: (1) HGLI Diet or (2) Standard Diet (Labina®). Microscopic analysis was performed with a diagnostic reading of the slides and an emphasis on the histological organization of visceral adipose tissue and the jejunum, as well as the investigation of the presence of adipocytes in the liver and pancreas. In addition, the investigation of volume density, total volume and cross-sectional area of adipocytes present in the visceral adipose tissue was performed. Furthermore, the calculation of the adiposity index was obtained considering as total visceral fat the sum of the perirenal, retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissue compartments. For gene expression, RT-qPCR was performed on the following genes: TNF-α (LOC103694, Rn01525859_g1) and GAPDH (Rn01775763_g1). Immunohistochemistry was performed using the rabbit polyclonal primary antibody: anti-TNF-α (1: 100). The intensity of TNF-α was measured semi-quantitatively and automatically. The images were scored according to a note, which consisted of the following variation: negative (0), low positive (+1), positive (+2) and high positive (+3). Serum was used for TNF-α. The HGLI diet induced hypertrophy of adipocytes with adipocyte volume density equal to 97.0%, cross-sectional area equivalent to 1387 μm² and a total volume of 6.97 cm³ an elevation of 8%, 25%, and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, the HGLI diet increased liver and pancreatic fat deposition, caused intestinal villi disorganization and increased TNF-α gene expression (p = 0.014) with a positive immunostaining (+2) in visceral adipose tissue and high plasma TNF-α in comparison to standard diet. The HGLI diet induced inflammation in adipocytes and intestinal epithelium of Wistar rats, dysfunctions are commonly caused by pellet-diets with high fat or fructose-rich beverages.
4	LEILANE LILIAN ARAUJO LEAL Validity of anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance prediction equations to estimate body composition of classical ballet dancers. Advisor : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL SORAIA PINHEIRO MACHADO ARRUDA Data: Jun 18, 2018 Show Abstract The practice of classical ballet promotes posture, improvement in physical conditioning, muscle tonus and body modeling, resulting in an increase in energy expenditure. To provide fluidity of dance movements, low body weight and lower fat mass indexes are recommended for practitioners, so that body composition is directly related to ballet performance. Evaluating body composition of classical ballet practitioners is important for maintaining the general health conditions, as well as to avoid deleterious consequences of a low body weight. Although dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered a reference method, anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) are more accessible, but dependent on the use of prediction equations suitable for estimating Body Fat (BF) or Fat-Free Mass (FFM). Different equations for distinct populations are found in the literature, and no specific equations for Brazilian dancers are found. The aim of present study was to validate anthropometry and BIA equations for body composition, comparing them with DXA, for non-professional classical ballet dancers. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with data collection between June 2016 and December 2017. Female ballet dancers at intermediate/advanced level (n = 37) were assessed. Body composition evaluation included total body assessments using DXA, anthropometric assessments and tetrapolar BIA. We used the BF and FFM predictive equations found in the literature excluding equations involving different age groups and equations validated only for males. The correlation between the BF or FFM results given by equations and DXA was determined by the Pearson’s correlation (r). The one sample T-test was used to verify if the mean differences between the results of the equations against DXA significantly differed from zero. The concordance between the different equations and DXA was determined through the Bland-Altman analysis, using simple linear regression to test the presence of proportional bias between the equations and DXA. The studied population had a median age of 19 (16, 24) years and a mean BF of 28.37 (7.01)% by DXA. For BF determined by anthropometry equations, the one proposed by Durnin & Womersley (1974) presented good agreement (r = 0.852, p < 0.000, e one sample T-test p =0.600), with no proportional bias (R² = -0.055, beta = 0.021, p = 0.929). For the BIA equations, none of the predictive equations tested were valid for the study population. The results showed that only one of the predictive equations analyzed was applicable in the evaluation of body composition of the classical ballet dancers studied, emphasizing the importance of the validation of equations when applied in specific populations.
5	ANA GABRIELLA COSTA LEMOS DA SILVA Nutritional status in vitamin A and vitamin E of women over the course of lactation. Advisor : KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL ILLANA LOUISE PEREIRA DE MELO KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES Data: Jun 20, 2018 Show Abstract In lactation, women need a greater nutritional intake both to replenish nutrients secreted in milk and to ensure adequate nutritional status, as in vitamins A and E, essential for growth, immunity and antioxidant status. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin A and vitamin E in women following lactation and the relation of habitual dietary intake with the concentrations of vitamins in serum and breast milk. The study was a longitudinal study of 43 lactating women recruited at a public hospital located in Natal-RN, Brazil. The collection of milk, blood and dietary information occurred in three moments: the first between 25 and 74 days postpartum; the second about 30 days after the first and the third 30 days after the second. Retinol and alpha-tocopherol from serum and maternal milk were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Serum alpha-tocopherol <12 μmol / L (517 μg / dL) in serum and <1.05 μmol / L (30 μg / dL) dL) were indicative of low concentrations. The dietary inadequacy of these vitamins was analyzed according to the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for lactating women, with intrapersonal variation adjusted by the Multiple Source Method, and the intake was also classified by quartiles of consumption. Serum retinol varied around 1.65 μmol / L following the lactation, with 5% of low concentrations in the first collection. Serum alpha-tocopherol decreased during lactation from 30.18 μmol / L in the first collection to 25.49 μmol / L in the third (p = 0.008), with a consequent increase in the percentage of deficiency. The concentrations of vitamins in breast milk presented similar values among the samples. Inadequate dietary intake of vitamin A and vitamin E was found in 58% and 100% of infants, respectively. When evaluating the relationships between the indicators, there was a positive correlation only between serum retinol and habitual intake of vitamin A (r = 0.403, p = 0.007), and higher concentrations of serum retinol were found in infants classified in the highest quartile of consumption vitamin A (p = 0.031). Following lactation, there was a high inadequacy in the consumption of vitamins and reduction of serum alpha-tocopherol, while the concentration of vitamins in milk remained unchanged. Dietary intake of vitamin A has been shown to influence serum retinol, reinforcing the importance of adequate nutrition and monitoring of lactation deficiency.
6	DAVID FRANCIOLE DE OLIVEIRA SILVA Elaboration and content validation of a questionnaire for the evaluation of motivation for loss of weight in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Advisor : SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : FIVIA DE ARAUJO LOPES ILMA KRUZE GRANDE DE ARRUDA SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA Data: Jun 27, 2018 Show Abstract Obesity in adolescence is currently a serious public health problem in Brazil and in the world. In this sense, the reduction and control of body weight represents an important measure to reduce the risks associated with obesity over time. However, adolescents use unhealthy for weight loss behavior, considering that the main motivations for weight loss are related to improving appearance and acceptance by peers, to the detriment of aspects associated with better health. In this context, the present study aims to elaborate and validate of the content a questionnaire for evaluation of the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity. This is a cross-sectional, methodological study with descriptive and explanatory objectives, which used bibliographical research and the survey as technical procedures and the quantitative data analysis approach. The preparation and validation of the questionnaire were conducted in five stages, for which two systematic reviews were carried out. The first one, for the identification of weight loss motivation questionnaires applicable to people with overweight or obesity in any age group. The same was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and LILACS databases, in the Portuguese, Spanish or English languages, without restriction regarding the period of publication, using the descriptors questionnaire, scale, instrument, evaluation, motivation, motive, reason, "lose weight ", "losing weight", "weight loss" and slimming. This first systematic review included six studies and contributed to the selection of domains for the questionnaire. The second systematic review was conducted with the objective of identifying the motivations for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and/or obesity. The virtual search was performed in the LILACS, PubMed, ADOLEC and Scopus databases, using the descriptors motivation, motive, reason, "weight loss", "lose weight" and adolescent. Studies published up to 2016 in Portuguese, English or Spanish were considered eligible. This second systematic review included six studies and provided the 17 items for the initial version of the questionnaire. The most frequent motivations in the studies were: to have better health, to improve my appearance, to improve my self-esteem, to avoid provocations/bullying, to be healthier, to have a good physical body, to be accepted by my friends and classmates and to wear clothes "normal size"/ "more elegant". The evaluation of the content validity was attested by a committee of 12 specialists, composed of nutritionists, endocrinologists, psychologists and physical educators. Based on expert evaluations, the content validity index (CVI) was calculated. After the evaluation of the content validity by the 12 specialists, five motivations were excluded because they presented CVI <0.80 for practical relevance. Of the 12 items kept in the questionnaire, five items were reviewed and submitted for evaluation by the specialists, in order to standardize the writing and make the language more appropriate for adolescents, the target audience of the questionnaire. The twelve items held in the instrument were categorized by experts in the areas of health, personal satisfaction, social, and appearance. The instrument elaborated presented adequate content validity attested by the panel of experts.
7	ILANNA MARQUES GOMES DA ROCHA Toxicity in patients with gastrointestinal cancer patients during chemotherapy: Associations with sarcopenia and cachexia Advisor : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ALEXANDRE COELHO SERQUIZ ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA MARCIA MARILIA GOMES DANTAS LOPES RENATA MORAES BIELEMANN Data: Jul 9, 2018 Show Abstract Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment of great relevance for cancer patients; however, it can lead to a series of adverse events, called toxicities. In the evaluation of nutritional status, sarcopenia and cachexia have been associated with several unfavorable prognoses in cancer, such as increased toxicity during chemotherapy. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of body composition, nutritional status and functional capacity on the occurrence of toxicities in patients during the first three cycles of chemotherapeutic treatment for gastrointestinal cancer. A prospective study was conducted with patients starting the first cycle of chemotherapy. Haematological and gastrointestinal toxicity and the presence of a dose limiting toxicity (DLT) were assessed according to the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria. Functional capacity was evaluated using dynamometry and the performance scale ECOG. Sarcopenia and muscle attenuation was assessed using skeletal muscle index with computed tomography by measuring cross-sectional areas of the L3 portion (cm2/m2) and classification according to specific cutoff points. Diagnosis of cachexia was performed according to the current consensus, based on involuntary weight loss in the absence of anorexia associated, with presence of sarcopenia. To examine associations between sarcopenia, cachexia, nutritional status and functional capacity with DLT we used univariate and multivariate regression. The associations were tested and statistical significance was considered when p <0.05. In results, sixty (60) patients were evaluated, with a higher prevalence of males (55%) and mean age of 60 years. At baseline, the majority of the participants presented adequate nutritional status and good functional capacity (85%) for ECOG. During chemotherapy, sarcopenic patients had significantly higher degrees of toxicity for anorexia (p = 0.045), nausea (p = 0.044), and leukopenia (0.036). In cachetics, significant levels of toxicities were found for nausea (p = 0.026) and anorexia (0.013 and 0.028 in the first and second cycles, respectively). In multivariate analysis including the only factor associated with DLT was cachexia and ECOG Scale. In conclusion, cachexia and ECOG were parameters predict risk factor for severe toxicity events in patients with gastrointestinal cancer during chemotherapy.
8	LARA CLARISSE DE LIMA SILVA Association between food consumption and serum vitamins A and E to the predictors of histopathological prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Advisor : VIVIAN NOGUEIRA SILBIGER COMMITTEE MEMBERS : DIRCE MARIA LOBO MARCHIONI KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES VIVIAN NOGUEIRA SILBIGER Data: Jul 27, 2018 Show Abstract Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. According to last estimates from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), this neoplasm is expected to reach 9610 people in Brazil by the end of 2018, and the largest number of cases is expected to occur in the Northeast region (Ceará, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte). Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for about 70% of TC cases, and considering that the rate of incidence varies in different parts of the world, modifiable risk factors may play an important role in TC carcinogenesis. Moreover, alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) expression may also be part of TC risk factors. In addition, the frequent consumption of certain foods has also been associated with the progression of malignant tumors. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that antioxidant vitamins can inhibit the development and progression of cancer, thus the biochemical status of vitamins A and E have emerged as potential markers of risk for genesis and evolution of the disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the current knowledge on modulation of miRNA expression induced by vitamins A and E in TC, and the association of dietary habits and serum concentrations of vitamins A and E with histopathological prognostic factors of CPT. For this, a systematic review was conducted following the guidelines "The Prism: Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration". Furthermore, weekly eating habits before TC diagnosis were evaluated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) developed by the Elsa-Brazil study. Serum vitamin A and E were measured in three times liquid chromatography: one before thyroidectomy and two after thyroidectomy of PTC patients. The results showed that evidence of changes in miRNA expression induced by vitamins A and E in TC are scarce, however, vitamin A appears to be relevant in the modulation of miRNAs in other tumors. In addition, weekly food intake > 1/week of couscous/farofa and/or margarine/vegetable cream may increase the risk of CPT patients present extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.021 and 0.004 respectively), while beef intake > 1/week may increase risk of extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.040) and lymph node metastases (p = 0.046). Regarding serum concentrations of vitamins A and E, reduced serum vitamin A levels may be associated with angiolymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastases (p = 0.027 and 0.015 respectively), and CPT patients with extrathyroidal extension or angiolymphatic invasion tend to have post-operative vitamin E concentrations lower than the preoperative. We suggest that both food intake and vitamin A status and may be relevant in predicting histopathological outcomes of CPT. Thus, future studies on the modulation of miRNAs induced by vitamin A in TC are necessary.
9	VIRGINIA WILLIANE DE LIMA MOTTA Development of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for adults on the northeast of Brazil. Advisor : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANNA CECILIA QUEIROZ DE MEDEIROS CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA SANDRA PATRÍCIA CRISPIM Data: Jul 27, 2018 Show Abstract Among the various methods of food surveys highlight the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), an instrument commonly used in epidemiological studies to evaluate the relationship between diet and disease. Given the importance of the evaluation of the food consumption of populations to understand the relative exposure and outcome, the aim was to develop a quantitative food frequency questionnaire to identify the frequency of consumption of food considered for protection and risk for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). The development of the FFQ was performed with the micro-data of the module on food consumption data and individual residents of the Family Budgets survey, 2008-2009 in a population sample of northeastern Brazil between 20 and 59 years of age (n = 7,516). After the settings were made, the database included 421 foods. These food items were used for the construction of the food lists, first step in the development of the FFQ. For this, we opted the methodology of relative contribution of the item, in which it was identified the food items with the highest relative contribution to energy, macronutrients, fibre, saturated fat, trans fat, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, iron, sodium, calcium, selenium, magnesium, copper and zinc. To compose the list of foods it was considered those responsible for up to 90% of the nutrient contribution, or even those that were considered sources of a nutrient of interest. The list of the calories pointed to a minimally processed food consumption (11.41%) with rice and beans (8.44%) among the main contributors. In the list of the-fiber stood out the low variety of fruit consumption and the low presence of vegetables and preparations containing vegetables. The fruit with the greatest contribution was the banana (2.14%) and only the item salad or raw vegetables (0.64%) appeared in the list representing vegetables. The lists of the nutrients were used for the composition of the final list of FFQ, 97 foods have been grouped according to their processed level, using the NEW classification system of food, in: unprocessed and minimally processed foods, processed culinary or food industry ingredients, and ultra-processed food products. For the calculation of the portion sizes were established 25, 50, 75 and 95 percentiles for each of the foods of the final list. The unit of time considered was the previous year. Instructions written by a nutritionist, pointing the appropriate completion of the instrument, were prepared t. At the end of the FFQ, five extra questions were added. The development of the FFQ represents a breakthrough in the regional nutritional epidemiology since the construction of this type of instrument in this area is an unprecedented fact and considering the new panorama of debates on food and nutrition, it innovates on the classification of foods by their type of food processing.
10	LICYANNE INGRID CARVALHO DE LEMOS Antidiabetic, antioxidant and inflammatory response of Allium cepa L. e sulfóxido de S-metil cisteína in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Advisor : LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BENTO JOAO DA GRACA AZEVEDO ABREU ILLANA LOUISE PEREIRA DE MELO KARINA CARLA DE PAULA MEDEIROS LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA Data: Jul 30, 2018 Show Abstract Introduction: Extract of Allium cepa L. and its isolated compounds are known to have antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Here we investigate the antidiabetic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of treatments with Allium cepa L. extract and S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Methods and results: The groups were divided into: (CG): control group - non-diabetic animals; STZ: animals with untreated experimental diabetes; STZ-EAC: animals with experimental diabetes treated with Allium cepa L. extract and STZ-SMCS: animals with experimental diabetes treated with S-methylcysteine. Allium cepa L. extract (400mg / kg body weight) and S-methylcysteine (200mg / kg body weight) were administered daily for 30 days. The STZ-EAC and STZ-SMCS groups had lower levels of triglycerides and VLDL, increased SOD and CAT activity, pancreatic islet regeneration and improved glycogen depletion throughout the STZ. Only the STZ-SMCS group showed antidiabetic effect and increased IL-10, compared to STZ and STZ-EAC. Conclusion: Allium cepa L. extract and S-methylcysteine sulfoxide can improve the metabolic profile in DM, attenuating oxidative stress in the liver and the inflammatory response. These results provide a basis for the use of these compounds as nutritional supplements.
11	REBECCA GARCIA GERMOGLIO Meal quality of elderly people living in nursing homes in Natal, RN - Brazil. Advisor : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA DIRCE MARIA LOBO MARCHIONI KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA Data: Jul 30, 2018 Show Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of the meals consumed by institutionalized elderly. A cross-sectional study carried out with 322-elderly people living in ten nursing homes in Natal, Brazil, between 2013 and 2014. To evaluate the quality of the meals, the Meal Quality Index (MQI) and the Main Meal Quality Index (MMQI) were calculated. Bio-sociodemographic, nutritional status and food consumption data were collected. Descriptive analysis of the population was performed by absolute and percentage frequencies and measurements of central tendency, dispersion and percentiles. All components of the indexes were calculated for the lunch meal. To compare the medians of the MMQI as a non-profit / non-profit ILPI, use the Mann-Whitney test for the independent samples. To assess the agreement between the two meal quality indices, the Wilcoxon test was performed. The scores of the two indices were categorized into quartiles and a concordance between them was tested by cross-classification and weighted kappa. The proportion of categorized elderly people in the same quartile, in adjacent quartiles and in opposing quartiles (discordance) was calculated. The study population was predominantly female, resided in non-profit institutions and was more than 80 years old. The anthropometric status of the elderly shows a large proportion of low weight. Regarding the quality of the lunch, it obtained a median score of 53.51 points in the MMQI and 54.67 points in the MQI, presenting adequate consumption of saturated fat, processed meats, sweetened beverages and desserts. It was evidenced low consumption of vegetables, fruits and fiber, and inadequate energy density. The quality of the meal consumed in the for-profit ILPI was statistically better than in the non-profit. In relation to the comparison between the two studied aspects, a cross-classification by quartiles showed good agreement, being the exact one of 48.8% and a discordance of 3.4% (weighted kappa = 0.447). The proportion of elderly in the same quartile or adjacent quartile was greater than 85%. It is concluded that the use of quality indices of meal quality has fundamental importance in the evaluation of quality of food consumed by the elderly, and to choose which one to use, the purpose of the study should be analyzed. However, it was observed that the meal consumed by the institutionalized elderly needs improvements. Thus, it is necessary to carry out deeper studies and the development of actions and public policies that encourage a better quality of food consumption of institutionalized elderly.
12	RAQUEL COSTA SILVA DANTAS KOMATSU Factors associated with vitamin D status in individuals with heart failure living in a sunny region. Advisor : KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : FLÁVIA FIORUCI BEZERRA KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA VIVIAN NOGUEIRA SILBIGER Data: Jul 31, 2018 Show Abstract Hypovitaminosis D has been a frequent finding in individuals with heart failure (HF), however, studies in regions with high solar incidence are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin D status and its associated factors in individuals with HF residing in a sunny region. This is a cross-sectional study conduced with 70 adult and elderly individuals diagnosed with HF, according to the Boston points system and the Framingham criteria, confirmed by the Doppler echocardiogram. Clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, dietary data, skin phototype, sun exposure and physical activity were evaluated. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method. Subjects were agruped according to 25OHD concentrations in"sufficient" (≥30ng / mL) and "hypovitaminosis D" (<30ng / mL). Comparisons of the variables between the groups were performed using appropriate statistical tests. Correlations between 25OHD concentrations and continuous variables were assessed by the Pearson or Spearman coefficient (r). The relationship between the independent variables and the 25OHD concentration was adjusted accordingly using the generalized linear regression model. The individuals had a mean age of 53 (15) years, predominantly male (64.3%). The mean concentration of 25OHD was 40.1 (12.4) ng / mL, with 24.3% of hypovitaminosis D. A significantly higher frequency of females was observed in the hypovitaminosis D group [Odds Ratio (OR ) = 7.38; p = 0.001]. Participants who presented HF with ischemic etiology had a higher risk for hypovitaminosis D (OR = 3.97, p = 0.03), as well as those with high PTHi (> 67pg / mL) (OR = 3.39, p = 0.034 ). Patients with HF using the drug angiotensin receptor antagonist / angiotensinogen converting enzyme inhibitor or antiplatelet agent had a significantly higher chance of hypovitaminosis D (OR = 11.14, p = 0.015 and OR = 5.81, p = 0.003, respectively). Significant correlations were found between 25OHD and albumin (r = 0.365, p = 0.015), total calcium (r = 0.266, p = 0.026), hemoglobin (r = 0.249, p = 0.037), TGP 0.002) and PTHi (r = -0.255, p = 0.033). Analysis of the regression model adjusted for 25OHD showed that sex is an independent predictor of 25OHD concentrations, with 25OHD concentrations being higher in males compared to females (β = 7.78, p = 0.005). The New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification also proved to be an independent predictor, and NYHA I subjects were found to have concentrations higher than 25OHD when compared to NYHA class III / IV (β = 8.23; p = 0.032). It is concluded that hypovitaminosis D is a moderately frequent finding among individuals with HF residing in a sunny region. Clinical and biochemical aspects demonstrated associations with 25OHD. Sex and functional classification are independent predictors of 25OHD.
13	SARA ESTÉFANI SOARES DE SOUSA Status of vitamin D and factors associated with older institutionalized Natal/RN. Advisor : LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : FLÁVIA FIORUCI BEZERRA LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA RICARDO OLIVEIRA GUERRA Data: Jul 31, 2018 Show Abstract The present study aims to evaluate the vitamin D status and associated factors in elderly living in nursing homes (NH) in Natal/RN. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 153 elderly residents in nine NH in Natal/RN, between 2012 and 2015. The theoretical model was constructed according to the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) to evaluate associations, choosing as dependent variable the serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] levels and as independent variables: type of ILPI, institutionalization time and schooling (distal layers), age, sex, skin color, body mass index, calf and abdominal circumference, physical activity, mobility, dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium, use of vitamin D supplementation, use of antiepileptics (proximal layers); and season (transverse layer). 25 (OH) D levels in serum was determined by chemiluminescence, being the elderly individuals diagnosed as "insufficient" when values were below 30ng/mL. Food consumption data were obtained by the food registry method for direct weighing of food. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to ascertain the associations between variables. Among the elderly individuals, 71.2% showed vitamin D insufficiency. The mean age of the participants was 81.7 (9.2) years, with a predominance of females (78.4%). The majority of the elderly lived in NH (68%) and 54.7% of the elderly individuals were white. A high dietary inadequacy of vitamin D and calcium was observed, 98% and 77.8%, respectively; and 71.2% of the population had vitamin D insufficiency (24,5ng/mL; CI: 3,10 - 28,96), emphasizing that the 25(OH)D evaluation occurred predominantly in the summer season. There were no associations to SDH and the possible consequences of disability established. Among other characteristics, 70.2% did not practice physical activity, 86.9% had some degree of mobility and 66.7% had severe cognitive impairment. The institutionalized elderly population presented high vitamin D insufficiency, which was not associated with SDH. Elderly individuals health care should focus on modifiable risk factors related to vitamin D status and other conditions of aging.
14	GABRIELLE MAHARA MARTINS AZEVEDO Nanoencapsulation of buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) in alginate and gelatin: obtaining, characterizing and evaluating solubility and antimicrobial potential. Advisor : CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ARNOBIO ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS JAILANE DE SOUZA AQUINO THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Nov 29, 2018 Show Abstract Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) presents great functional potential because it presents high levels of carotenoids, oleic acid and phenolic compounds. However, the liposolubility and oxidation of the bioactive compounds limit application as an ingredient in food. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the isolated and conjugated effect of porcine gelatin and sodium alginate on buriti oil encapsulation, and the effect on solubility and antimicrobial potential. The vegetable oil was supplied by Plantus S.A. and was submitted to chemical characterization (profile of fatty acids and phenolic compounds) and evaluation of antimicrobial potential. The encapsulation was performed by the oil/water emulsification technique, using Tween 20 as a surfactant. The encapsulates obtained were characterized by MEV, FTIR, Laser Diffraction, Zeta Potential, XRD, and incorporation efficiency (%). In addition, they were evaluated for solubility and antimicrobial potential compared to crude oil. The fatty acid profile showed predominance of linoleic acid (53.36%) and palmitic acid (25.75%). The phenolic compound that presented the highest concentration was quercetin (20.53 (0.37) μg.g-1). The characterization study showed that the encapsulates based on gelatin (OGS) presented spherical shape, smooth surface and low agglomeration, compared to that obtained through the combination of encapsulating agents (OAG). The FTIR indicated new chemical interactions present in the encapsulates due to the formation of new vibrational bands, mainly for OGS that presented greater attenuation of the vibrations present in the crude oil. The encapsulation efficiencies obtained for OGS and OAG were, respectively, 86.80% and 71.91% (p <0.05). In relation to water solubility, OGS had a higher percentage [89.83 (2.59)%] than OAG [42.84 (2.21)%] and pure buriti oil [3.91 (0.39 )%]. Therefore, it can be concluded that the encapsulation of buriti oil in gelatin was a promising strategy to increase the potential of buriti oil use in food.
15	KAREN DOS SANTOS BARROS Bati butter (Ouratea parviflora): physical-chemical characterization and use as substrate for production of lipase by Aspergillus terreus in semi-solid fermentation. Advisor : KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : EVERALDO SILVINO DOS SANTOS JAILANE DE SOUZA AQUINO KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO Data: Nov 29, 2018 Show Abstract Lipases are enzymes belonging to a class of hydrolases that catalyze the breakdown of triacylglycerols, generating free fatty acids. The vegetable sources that are of greatest interest as a substrate for lipase production are those containing long chain triacylglycerols. In this context, the bati butter produced from Ouratea parviflora is an alternative for lipase production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of bati butter (Ouratea parviflora) as a substrate for lipase production by Aspergillus terreus in semi-solid fermentation. Analysis of the composition of fatty acids and minerals, physicochemical characterization of bati butter and its use as an inducing substrate for lipase production at two different temperatures (25ºC and 35ºC) were carried out during 196h of fermentation. The spore count was performed throughout the fermentation period. The crude enzymatic extract was evaluated against different pH, temperature and action of activating compounds and inhibitors. The butter had a high concentration of long chain fatty acids (C14 - C24). The presence of manganese (12.7mg / g), calcium (7.7mg / g), sodium (6.7mg / g) and magnesium (5.4mg / g) of iron (1.1mg / g) and copper (0.04mg / g) that exert a catalytic effect on lipid oxidation. Regarding the physical-chemical characteristics, a high acidity index (20.76 mg KOHg-1) and peroxide (16.03 mEqkg-1) and low humidity (1.29%) were found. Regardless of the incubation temperature, the spore count of Aspergillus terreus was similar and increasing throughout the incubation period (196h). However, the highest enzymatic activity was 212.6 U / g, produced in the 120 hour period at 35 ° C. The crude enzymatic extract presented better relative activity at 37ºC and pH 9. β-mercaptanol significantly increased the relative activity of the enzyme. The other compounds decreased the relative activity of the enzyme, especially the SDS that inactivated the enzyme. In view of the results obtained it is stated that bati butter was an inducing substrate to produce lipase by semi-solid fermentation.
16	JOSIANE ARAÚJO DA CUNHA From seed to flour: sowing sustainability on cantaloupe melon waste recovery. Advisor : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ILLANA LOUISE PEREIRA DE MELO LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Dec 7, 2018 Show Abstract The concern about the environment motivates the interest in avoiding waste in the productive food chain, which is responsible for the generation of considerable amount of waste. Thinking about sustainable production, fruit residues, such as peel and melon seeds, can add nutritional value to new products. The objective of this study was to obtain and characterize a flour from Cantaloupe melon seeds (Cucumis melo L. var. Reticulatus), and to evaluate the viability of its use as an ingredient in the manufacture of cakes. Thus, four different formulations were developed: standard cake - 0% (F1) and cakes plus melon seed flour in substitution of wheat flour, at concentrations of 10% (F2), 30% (F3) and 50% % (F4). Analyzes of centesimal composition were performed; dietary fiber; physical analyzes; mineral composition and evaluation of the fatty acid profile in the melon seed whole flour. To evaluate the overall acceptance of the formulations of the cakes prepared with the melon seed flour, sensorial analysis was carried out with 135 non-trained tasters, which also included the identification of the sample by means of sensorial attributes using the ideal scale test, Just About Right. The results showed that the whole melon seed flour has a considerable nutritional value, presenting 18% of proteins; 3% moisture; 4% ash; 30% lipids and 35% dietary fiber; presenting important levels of minerals, mainly phosphorus (1507.62 mg / 100 g), potassium (957.35 mg / 100 g) and magnesium (504.03 mg / 10 g). The polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction was the most found in melon seed flour, with a predominance of omega 6 (17.95 g / mg sample). The sensorial analysis showed good acceptance for the formulations containing 10 and 30% of whole melon seed flour, being the formulation containing 10%, the most accepted. In general, the testers considered the formulations as ideal to the attributes used in Just About Right, preferring the F2 formulation. The research confirmed the feasibility of the use of melon seed flour in food production, emphasizing the incentive to sustainable practices, promoting economic, social and health benefits.
17	FERNANDA MONTENEGRO BARBOSA Do as I say or do as I do? Evaluation of good handling practices in hospital food services. Advisor : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ALEXANDRE COELHO SERQUIZ LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Dec 11, 2018 Show Abstract Compliance with good handling practices is essential for quality assurance in meal production. Food Services of University Hospitals (FSUH) deserve special attention because of the vulnerability of the assisted clientele and because they are training scenarios for health professionals from different areas of activity. This study sought to evaluate the production of meals in FSUH regarding hygienic-sanitary conditions, as well as the knowledge of food handlers about current sanitary legislation regarding good practices for food services. In order to evaluate the knowledge of the food handlers, as well as their self-reported practices, a checklist based on the current sanitary legislation was used. Microbiological analysis of utensils and food handling surfaces were carried out. The data were collected in the 3 hospitals that are part of the hospital complex of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. The "knowledge" and the "self-reported practices" of the food handlers reached satisfactory percentages in relation to food safety, 77.22% and 78.14%, respectively. It was observed that the knowledge of the manipulators presented significant positive correlation (p<0.05) with their self-reported practices. There was no association between socio-demographic data and knowledge of food handlers; however, in relation to self-reported practices, the association of this with training time (p<0.05) was observed. The application of the checklist in the foodservices showed that they have an average adequacy of 60.94% regarding good handling practices, classifying the units as regular. The results of the microbiological analysis carried out on the manipulation surfaces showed that 66.67% presented significant contamination of mesophiles, classified as under unsatisfactory hygienic conditions. The presence of 45ºC Coliforms was identified in 47.92% of the surfaces, indicating poor sanitary conditions. The results showed the need to work on the motivation of food handlers of the FSUH in a way to encourage them to practice the knowledge regarding the safe handling of foods that have proven to know in theory.

2017

	Dissertations
1	CAMILA VALDEJANE SILVA DE SOUZA Food handlers Knowledge and practices food safety in Popular Restaurants of Rio Grande do Norte. Advisor : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA SUZI BARLETTO CAVALLI Data: Aug 24, 2017 Show Abstract The Restaurant Popular Program aims to offer appropriate meals concerning nutritional and hygienic-sanitary conditions with lower prices for population groups that live in an unsafety food situation. Food handlers have such an important role through meals production because they can be a vector of food poisoning. That is why it is essential to investigate aspects related to food handlers’ formation and their hygienic practices. This study reached to evaluate knowledge, self-reported and observed practices of food handlers concerning food safety at Restaurant Popular in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. We applied a questionnaire sheet with all food handlers from 10 selected unities from different towns, which sums 70 food handlers. This questionnaire registered levels food handlers knowledge and self-reported practices. Food safety practices were registered by the researchers themselves through a checklist. Besides, we evaluated hygienic-sanitary conditions of facilities we visited. Food handlers knowledge about food safety reached a percentage of 72.64%. Self-reported practices presented a mean of 80.71%. It was observed that food handlers knowledge presented significant positive correlation (p <0.05) with the self-reported practices. However, there was no correlation among their practices and other variants. There was no association between socio-demographic data and knowledge and self-reported practices variables. Average overall of hygienic-sanitary conditions reached 68,08% and this amount classifies those unities as regular. The hygienic-sanitary conditions no correlated positively with the food handlers knowledge and practices self-reported. The inappropriate conditions we noticed at those unities related, specially, to facilities and documentation and registers, and these aspects are not under food handlers’ responsibilities. They should be under responsibility of technical manager at each unity. Results suggest an importance to elucidate issues that influence food handlers’ behavior as a guarantee of a safe meal production e and the need to sensitize unit managers to comply with good practices.
2	IZAEL DE SOUSA COSTA Effect of bioative proteins isolated from tamarindo secretagogas de CCK and its synergism with leptin in wistar obesos rats. Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA CÍCERO FRANCISCO BEZERRA FELIPE Data: Aug 25, 2017 Show Abstract Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that can occur due to genetic, environmental and metabolic / hormonal factors. Among the hormonal factors, it is seen that, humans or animals, in state of obesity, present altered responses to certain hormones when compared to eutrophic. Once obesity presents multifactorial causes, its treatment also occurs by several means, among which the use of trypsin inhibitors. This study evaluated the effect of a Tamarindus indica L. seed isolated Trypsin Inhibitor (TTI) as a CCK secretagogue and its synergism with leptin in obese Wistar rats. The study was conducted with obese and lean rats (n = 20). Three groups of obese rats were feed 10 days one of the following diets: Standard diet (Labina®) + water; High Glycemic Index and Load (HGLI) diet + water or HGLI diet + TTI. Lean animals were fed the Labina® for the 10 days. We evaluated nutritional status (zoometric measurements), plasma CCK and leptin, mRNA expression of intestinal CCK-related genes and of the ob gene in subcutaneous adipose tissue. TTI treated animals had a slight reduction in the Lee index. TTI did not increase plasma CCK in obese animals and we found no significant effect of TTI in CCK-2R and PCSK1 gene expression. On the other hand, TTI treatment increased CCK-1R gene expression compared with the lean group (p = 0.028). Although TTI did not reduce the ob gene expression, interestingly 60% of the TTI treated animals presented plasma concentrations below 0.1 ng / μL, whereas those treated with standard diet, only 20% of the animals were in this condition. This was not observed in the lean and obese groups. Our study with relative mRNA expression of intestinal CCK-related genes in obese rats is a novel study and suggests that TTI by decreasing plasma leptin may improve CCK action in obese rats, since the expression of the CCK-1R gene in this group was higher when compared to lean rats, resulting in improvement of zoometric measurements, independently of plasma CCK increase.
3	ACSA NARA DE ARAUJO BRITO BARROS Association of copper status with lipid profile and functional status in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Advisor : LUCIA LEITE LAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : DÉBORA KURRLE RIEGER VENSKE LUCIA LEITE LAIS SANCHA HELENA DE LIMA VALE Data: Oct 13, 2017 Show Abstract The lateral amyotrophic sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the motor neuron degeneration, muscle paralysis and death. Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Copper is a mineral capable of influencing cellular oxidation and lipid profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of copper status with lipid profile and functional status in patients with ALS. A cross-sectional study was carried out including 27 patients with ALS (case group) and 26 healthy individuals (control group). Copper status was evaluated by habitual dietary copper intake, plasma copper and serum ceruloplasmin concentrations. The lipid profile included analysis of serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides (TGL). The functional status of patients with ALS was assessed by the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R). Student's t-test and Mann Whitney's test were used for comparison of means. Correlation between plasma copper and biochemical and dietary markers was made by Spearman's correlation test. The effect of the independent variables on the functional scale was estimated by model based on Poisson distribution. The level of significance adopted was 5%. The case group had lower concentrations of plasma copper compared with the control group (133.9 vs. 164.1 µg/dL, p=0.0001). Also, in the case group, plasma copper was positively correlated with HDL-c (rs=0.398, p=0.044). However, in the control group, plasma copper was positively correlated with serum ceruloplasmin (rs=0.646, p<0.001), TC (rs=0.446, p=0.025), LDL-c (rs=0.445, p=0.029) and HDL-c (rs=0.479, p=0.015). Only in the control group ceruloplasmin was positively correlated with LDL-c (rs=0.407, p=0.043). In the case group, dietary copper intake (B=-0.373, p<0.001), plasma copper (B=-0.005, p=0.033) and TC (B=-0.312; p=0.001) were inversely associated with the functional status of patients with ALS. In contrast, serum ceruloplasmin (B=0.016, p=0.044), LDL-c (B=0.314, p=0.001), HDL-c (B=0.308, p=0.001) and TGL (B=0.062; p=0.001) were positively associated with their functional status. In conclusion, this study suggests a disturbance of copper status and its connection with the lipid profile in patients with ALS. Furthermore, copper status and lipid profile may influence the functional status of patients with ALS, standing out as potential biomarkers to evaluate the severity of the disease.
4	MICAELA DA SILVA PAULA DAMASCENO Effect of cooking associated with the phosphate additive on the yield and physicochemical quality of peeled Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Advisor : ALEX AUGUSTO GONÇALVES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ALEX AUGUSTO GONÇALVES KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO KAROLINE MIKAELLE DE PAIVA SOARES Data: Oct 27, 2017 Show Abstract The seafood cooking process reduces the yield, causing economic and quality losses in the product. The phosphate additive has been used in seafood products to increase water retention, reduce yield losses and ultimately improve final quality. The evaluation of the association of the use of the feed additive phosphate as a pre-treatment to the cooking process of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei peeled in a processing industry was carried out by examining the effects of different types of phosphate (sodium tripolyphosphate - TPF and Blend - formulated with tetrasodium diphosphate, tetrapotassium diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate and pentapotassium triphosphate), additive concentration (3 and 5%) and contact time (by immersion, 30 and 60 min) on yield (gain and weight loss) and the physical-chemical quality of the shrimp. Samples immersed in water (30 and 60 min) were considered as controls. The laboratory analyzes (water holding capacity, moisture, protein, texture, color and pH) were performed after cooking and after thawing. The phosphate and sodium analyzes were performed only after thawing. The use of the phosphate additive showed a satisfactory effect on the reduction of weight loss and on the increase of the water holding capacity of the shrimp meat when compared to the control samples (treated with water). The efficacy of the phosphates in the water retention properties reflects on the improvement of the quality of the product and depends on the type, the concentration of the additive and the time of contact. Treatment with TPF and Blend (5% for 60 minutes) presented residual phosphate above the legal limit allowed (1%) and the latter treatment also had a pH above that allowed (7,85). The results indicated the high potential of using phosphate before cooking in real production situations to improve the quality of the product (cooked shrimp), since is in accordance with the current legislation that governs each country.
5	ÁGNES DENISE DE LIMA BEZERRA MARTINS Effect of dietary nitrate supplementation in the form of an acute dose of beetroot juice in the pressure response post-exercise in men with obesity. Advisor : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ALEXANDRE SERGIO SILVA ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS EDUARDO CALDAS COSTA Data: Nov 29, 2017 Show Abstract It has been shown that nitrate supplementation may reduce blood pressure in several populations. However, the effect of beetroot juice on post-exercise blood pressure response has not been studied. The objective of this study is to verify the effect of dietary nitrate supplementation, in the form of beetroot juice, on post-exercise blood pressure response in obese individuals. In a randomized, cross-over trial, 14 normotensive and obese men participated in this study and were randomly assigned to three experimental sessions: 1) beetroot juice with exercise (BJE, 200ml with ≈ 800mg nitrate), 2) fruit soda industrialized with exercise (FSE, 200ml of low-nitrate beverage), considered control with exercise and 3) control without exercise (CON, 200ml of drink with insignificant nitrate content). The exercise performed was of the moderate aerobic type, with intensity of 50% of the reserve heart rate and, lasting 40 minutes. The concentration of nitrites and total plasma nitrates (NOx) was evaluated at three moments of the experimental session: 60 minutes (60min), 105 minutes (105min) and 165 minutes (165min) after drinking. And 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (24h) was also evaluated through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). For statistical analysis of the data, we used repeated measurements ANOVA and two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements (condition vs. time) for comparisons of variables between the experimental sessions. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. The results show that the plasma NOx concentration increased significantly only in the BJE session at all times from 60min after the intake of beetroot juice, compared to FSE and CON. Ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased ~ 5.3 mmHg (p <0.05) during the first six hours post-exercise, resulting in a reduction of SBP by ~ 3 mmHg (p <0.05), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at ~ 2 mmHg (p <0.05) in the 24-hour period after the BJE session compared to FSE and CON sessions. In conclusion, beetroot juice potentiated ambulatory hypotension after exercise (PEH) in obese and normotensive men.
6	ANA PAULA DIAS INOCENCIO BARBOSA Body image in incarcerated women. Advisor : URSULA VIANA BAGNI COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL RAFAEL DE ALBUQUERQUE FIGUEIRO URSULA VIANA BAGNI Data: Nov 29, 2017 Show Abstract The construction of subjectivity in relation to the body occurs throughout live, and in incarcerated women, life conditions imposed by the imprisonment can strengthen od even influence in a different way their body image (BI) perception. This study analyzed the BI distortion and dissatisfaction and its associated factors in incarcerated women in closed regime of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. It was a observational cross-sectional study conducted with the 18 to 57 year-old imprisoned women. An interview was conducted regarding personal sociodemographic information (age, education, family income, marital status, time of confinement, visitation frequency and number of children), and measured their weight and height in order to calculate Body Mass Index. BI was evaluated by using a Figure Rating Scale for brazilian adults (FRS). Prevalence Ratio and its respective Confidence Interval of 95% were taken into consideration to investigate the association between the dependent (distortion and dissatisfaction of BI) and independent variables. The differences between the BMI anthropometry-based (BMI-A) and the BMI estimated by FRS (BMI-E) were verified using t-student test. The concordance between BMI-A and BMI-E was verified by the Bland-Altman method. Participants presented, in average, 31.7 years old (± 8.48 years), 27.67 Kg/m² of BMI-A. Approximately 65% had excessive weight, of which 27.8% were obese. BI distortion was present in 83.3% of the participants. Amongst these women, 82.7% overestimated their body size, adding in average 5.59 Kg/m² (± 2.73) to their real body. Most of the participants (91.6%) expressed dissatisfaction with their own body. Although the majority expressed the desire to have a BMI 9.01 Kg/m² (± 5.25) lower, one third of them aspired to enlarge their body in 6.43 Kg/m²). Sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status (PR = 0.99 95%CI 0.89-1.11) and time of confinement (PR = 1.06 95% CI 0.94-1.19) were independently associated with their BI dissatisfaction. No associations were found between BI distortion and incarceration time (PR = 1.17 95% CI 0.96-1.42), or nutritional status (PR = 1.10 and 95% CI 0.89-1.36). We conclude that the majority of the incarcerated women are dissatisfied with their BI and present distorted BI, revealing the need for such aspects to be included in health promotion activities in the prison system.
7	RAPHAELA CECÍLIA THÉ MAIA DE ARRUDA FALCÃO Consumption of processed and ultraprocessed foods in adolescents: associations with the prevalence of nutrient inadequation and the cardiometabolic risk factors. Advisor : KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRUNA LEAL LIMA MACIEL FLÁVIA EMÍLIA LEITE DE LIMA FERREIRA KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA Data: Nov 30, 2017 Show Abstract Eating habits in adolescence are characterized by high consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods and it may result in micronutrient deficiency and the early occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods and the relationships between the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 444 adolescents from public schools in the city of Natal, Northeast of Brazil. We investigated the variables family history of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, maternal schooling, anthropometric nutritional status, sexual maturation, blood pressure and lipid profile. Dietary and food intake data were obtained by two 24-hour recalls. The foods consumed were classified according to the type of processing in processed and ultra-processed. The prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy was estimated using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) as the cut-off point, except for the iron in which the manually determined probabilistic approach was used. An ordinal logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between the energy percentage of processed and ultra-processed foods and the prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy and cardiometabolic risk factors. It was observed that 91.9% of adolescents were in the age group between 10 and 13 years. The consumption of processed foods was 10.4 (1.2)% from total energy in 25th-50th percentiles, as well as the consumption of ultra-processed food was 31.5 (2.2)% from total energy also in 25th-50th percentiles. The most consumed food groups were "bread roll" (7.7% of total energy) and "processed meat" (4.8% of total energy) in the processed food group and "cakes, pies and biscuits" (13.3% of total energy) and "sliced loaf" (5% of total energy), in the ultra-processed food group. There was a high prevalence of inadequate consumption of vitamins D, folate, vitamin E, calcium and selenium, in both sexes, in the age groups of 10 to 13 years and of 14 to 19 years. The higher consumption of processed foods was positively associated with the increase in the prevalence of inadequate vitamin B1 (p = 0.04, RP 0.55) and selenium (p <0.01, PR = 1.97). Higher proportions of energy from ultra-processed foods were associated with inadequate vitamin B1 (p = 0.03, PR = 0.49) and zinc (p <0.01, PR = 0.49). The higher consumption of processed food was associated with hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.04, RP = 3.08) and hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.02, PR = 3.79), as well as adolescents whose mothers had elementary schooling level (p <0.01, RP = 1.72). Excessive consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods by adolescents may reflect on an increase in the prevalence of inadequate nutrients, especially vitamin B1, selenium and zinc, as well as being associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, implying damage to health conditions in the short and long term.
8	MABELLE ALVES FERREIRA DE LIMA Vitamin D status in kidney transplant recipients: a longitudinal study. Advisor : ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE JOSIVAN GOMES DE LIMA PATRÍCIA BORGES BOTELHO Data: Dec 4, 2017 Show Abstract Hypovitaminosis D has been a frequent finding in renal patients. In kidney transplant recipients, may cause progression of albuminuria, increasing the decline in renal function and the risk of graft loss. The objective of the study is to evaluate the vitamin D status in kidney transplant recipientes and its relation with renal function parameters. This is a longitudinal study developed with 46 kidney transplant recipients at University Hospital Onofre Lopes (HUOL) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) from August 2015 to January 2017. The subjects were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-transplantation, being submitted to anthropometric evaluation, application of a sun exposure questionnaire, biochemical evaluation, including 25-hydroxyvitaminD [25(OH)D], and urine collection to evaluate a albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was evaluated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. The median age of the subjects was 44 years, the majority males gender and brown ethinicity. There was a predominance of individuals with hypovitaminosis D in the three studied times. Of 42 individuals in the 6 months post-transplant, 19 (45.2%) presented hypovitaminosis D at all times and 8 (19.1%) developed hypovitaminosis D at 3 months. It was possible to observe that of the 27 (64.3%) individuals who presented this profile, 10 (37.0%) had no improvement in the GFR. In 6 months, the 25(OH)D correlated negatively with ACR. The ACR of individuals with hypovitaminosis D were higher at 6 months post-transplant (p = 0.037) and the renal parameters tended to be higher in individuals with hypovitaminosis D. At the end of study, 10 (28.3%) individuals presented albuminuria. There was a significant improvement in the renal parameters up to 6 months and the 25(OH)D showed a significant increase from 3 months to 6 months after transplantation. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) had a negative influence on GFR at time zero and correlated positively with ACR at 6 months post-transplantation.It is possible to conclude that there is a high frequency of hypovitaminosis D up to 6 months after renal transplantation, which may be related to poor prognosis of graft function.
9	SAMÁRIA SILVA DE ARAÚJO GARCIA Development of the quality index method for the flying fish (hirundichthys affinis, günther, 1866) stored on ice. Advisor : KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ALEX AUGUSTO GONÇALVES ELISABETE MARIA MACEDO VIEGAS KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO Data: Dec 8, 2017 Show Abstract The flying fish is one of the resources of economic and social importance available to countries such as the Philippines, Indonesia, Peru, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago and Brazil, but the processes related to their loss of freshness unknown. A tool to evaluate the sensory properties of fish freshness, considering specific aspects for each species, is the Quality Index Method (QIM), which provides demerit scores for the attributes of the fish as a function of the deterioration stage. The objective of this study was to develop the QIM to evaluate the freshness of the fish (Hirundichthys affinis, Günther, Günther, 1866), correlating with physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes throughout the storage period. For this purpose candidates were recruited and selected sensory judges by the Farnsworth Munsell Aroma Test and Test of 100 shades. The development of the QIM was done by means of 3 storage tests and were used flying fish specimens captured in Caiçara do Norte, RN, Brazil. Microbiological analyzes (Coliform counts at 45ºC/g, Salmonella sp/25g analysis, Coagulase positive Staphylococcus and total counts of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic plaques) and physicochemical analyzes were performed (pH measurement and determination of Total Volatile Bases and Trimethylamine). Then, a QIM scheme was developed with 11 parameters, grouped into 3 main attributes (appearance, eyes and gills) and a Quality Index that presented high linear correlation (r = 0.956) with storage time indicating loss of freshness during the days. The total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria showed a significant increase (p = 0.009), ranging from 3.20 log CFU/g (1st day) to 5.61 log CFU/g (19th day of storage). The total count of mesophilic and psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria showed a strong and significant correlation with storage time (r = 0.705, p < 0.001 and r = 0.934 p <0.001, respectively), ranging from 3.20 log CFU/g (1st day) 5.61 log UFC / g (19th day storage) and 2.0 log UFC/g (1st day) at 8.18 log UFC/g (19th day storage), respectively. Salmonella was not detected. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus (4.0x102 CFU/g) and coliforms at 45ºC (3.6 NMP/g) were found in a 9th day storage sample. An average pH with a linear and continuous increase (p < 0.001), ranging from 6.23 (1st day) to 6.88 (19th day). As averages of TVB-N and TMA-N ranged respectively from 25.19 (1st day) to 39.42 mg TVB-N/100 g (19th day) and 6.58 (1st day) to 12.17 mg (p <0.001 and p < 0.001) with a strong and significant linear correlation (r = 0.923, p < 0.001 and r = 0.747, p < 0.001) with storage time. As averages of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) ranged from 0.08 (1st day) to 2.52 MA / Kg (22nd day). The Principal Component Analysis suggests that the flying fish remain with an acceptable degree of freshness for up to 9 days, considering the analyzes and ice storage conditions used in this study.

2016

	Dissertations
1	DIOGO VALE temporary and spacial Modifications of Food and Nutrition in Brazil. Advisor : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA DYEGO LEANDRO BEZERRA DE SOUZA RODRIGO PINHEIRO DE TOLEDO VIANNA Data: Jul 27, 2016 Show Abstract The food and nutrition of the population is complex and determined by multiple factors that have been modified over time and are distributed in different ways in the Brazilian geographical space. This study aimed to evaluate the temporal and spatial changes in the prevalence of overweight, household food availability, food insecurity and social development in different levels of Brazilian geographic aggregation. This is an ecological study of mixed design: (1) comprises the analysis space, held in 27 states and the five geographical regions of Brazil; and (2) comprises the temporal trend research, from studies representative of the population, developed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the United Nations Development Program, in periods of 1974-2003-2009. We evaluated the prevalence of overweight, prevalence of household food insecurity, per capita caloric acquisition and availability of food by type of processing and the Human Development Index (HDI). Descriptive analyzes of percentage frequency were used, Compound Annual Rate, exploratory analysis Panel data regression model, univariate and bivariate spatial analysis, by calculating the global and location Moran index, respectively. In 2008-2009, spatial inequality was observed with formation of three possible areas: South-Central with high prevalence of overweight, acquisition ultra-processed foods and HDI, and low prevalence of food insecurity and acquisition of minimally processed foods; and North-Northeast, with low prevalence of overweight, acquisition ultra-processed foods and HDI and high prevalence of food insecurity and acquisition of minimally processed foods; Eastern Northeast, with high prevalences of overweight, food insecurity, acquisition ultra-processed foods and better HDI and low purchasing minimally processed foods. Between 1974/2009, was the reduction in the annual contribution of minimally processed foods in Brazil (0.86%/year), being higher in the Northeast (-0.98%/year) and lowest in the Midwest (0.50%/year). Caloric availability of processed and ultra-processed foods increased in Brazil (1.09% / year) and in all regions with the highest increase in the South (1.42% / year) and lowest in the Southeast (0.67% / year). During this period, the modification of the availability of this food category had a significant positive association with sausages, cheeses and other dairy products, alcoholic drinks, margarine, ready meals and industrialized mixes (p <0.001). It was concluded that excess weight is correlated to social development and the acquisition of ultra-processed foods in Brazil. The Eastern Northeast spatial clusters suggests the possibility of coexistence between improvements in the HDI and high prevalence of food insecurity, and the growth of overweight prevalence. And that calorie availability of processed and Eastern Northeast grew in all regions of Brazil.
2	FABIANA MARIA COIMBRA DE CARVALHO A trypsin inhibitor from tamarind reduces food intake and improves inflammatory status in rats with metabolic syndrome regardless of weight loss. Advisor : ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ADRIANA AUGUSTO DE REZENDE ANA HELONEIDA DE ARAUJO MORAIS DAVI FELIPE FARIAS Data: Jul 29, 2016 Show Abstract Trypsin inhibitors are studied in a variety of models for their anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory bioactive properties. Our group has previously demonstrated the satietogenic effect of tamarind seed trypsin inhibitors (TTI) in eutrophic mouse models and anti-inflammatory effects of other trypsin inhibitors. In this study, we evaluated TTI effect upon satiety, biochemical and inflammatory parameters in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Three groups of n=5 male Wistar rats with obesity-based MetS received for 10 days one of the following: 1) Cafeteria diet; 2) Cafeteria diet + TTI (25 mg/Kg); 3) Standard diet. TTI reduced food intake in animals with MetS. Nevertheless, weight gain was not different between studied groups. Dyslipidemia parameters were not different with the use of TTI, only the group receiving standard diet showed lower VLDL and TG (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.05). IL-6 production did not differ between groups. Interestingly, TNF-α was lower in animals receiving TTI. Our results corroborate the satietogenic effect of TTI in a MetS model. Furthermore, we show that TTI used with a cafeteria diet may decrease inflammation regardless of weight loss. This puts TTI as a candidate for studies to test its effectiveness as an adjuvant in MetS treatment.
3	RODRIGO ALBERT BARACHO RUEGG Analysis of retinol concentration in chickens livers submitted to different thermal processing. Advisor : ROBERTO DIMENSTEIN COMMITTEE MEMBERS : HERYKA MYRNA MAIA RAMALHO KARLA DANIELLY DA SILVA RIBEIRO RODRIGUES ROBERTO DIMENSTEIN Data: Sep 5, 2016 Show Abstract Brazil has been developing the production and consumption of chicken giblets, especially the liver, which are excellent sources of micronutrients, considered a rich source of vitamin A. This vitamin is a micronutrient that plays an essential role in vision, growth, in the development and maintenance of epithelial tissue, in immunological processes and reproduction. Being a food of easy acquisition and low commercial value, the chicken liver is a bet to combat vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which affects mainly children and pregnant women in developing countries. This study aimed to analyze the concentration of vitamin A by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in livers of farms of chickens, organic and free-range in different conditions of thawing and cooking, marketed in the city of Natal / RN . In addition, this study aimed to validate an adaptation of the methodology proposed by Hosotani & Kitawaga (2003) for retinol analysis in this food so that the method of analysis become simple, fast and cheap. The mean values of retinol in farm chicken liver for the three brands analyzed were: 9152.9 ± 719, ± 389 4673.1, 5943.6 ± 614 mg / 100 g. The average retinol organic chicken liver was 3401.33 ± 597.12 g / 100 g. The average retinol in hillbilly chicken liver was 30 094,79 ± 4628.75 g / 100 g. It was observed that the baking oven for 35 minutes at 200 ° C and thawing process in microwave for one minute caused significant losses of 39.9% and 26.2%, respectively, the retinol concentration in chicken liver farm. The developed and validated assay technique resulted in a rapid extraction and determination and quantification of retinol in chicken liver samples, with an average retention time of 5.2 minutes at 23 ° C, with excellent results linearity (R = 0.9999 ), standard stock stability and freeze-thaw process, accuracy with coefficient of variation below 15% and recovery with values from 93 to 101.2%. Despite significant losses in thermal processes, consumption of an average serving of roasted liver (88g) supplies the daily requirement of vitamin A for a man over 14 years up to 6 times and 20 times the daily needs of children 1 to 3 years. Thus, the chicken liver proved to be an excellent source of vitamin A, with great public health importance in combating VAD, and an affordable and easy food to purchase.
4	CAMILA DE CARVALHO GOMES Nutritional status and hormones related to appetite in children and adolescentes with leucemia during induction phase of chemoterapy. Advisor : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANA PAULA TRUSSARDI FAYH ROGERIO FRIEDMAN SEVERINA CARLA VIEIRA CUNHA LIMA Data: Nov 10, 2016 Show Abstract Cancer is a group of several diseases that have in common an uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells, and it can occur at anywhere in the body. The most frequent tumors in childhood and adolescence are the leukemias, and the Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent. The evidenced malnutrition in these patients is related to anorexia-cachexia syndrome triggered by the disease, but also on changes in appetite, which occur during chemotherapy and interfere in the nutritional status as well as in response to antineoplasic therapy. Although it recognized a possible influence of hormones related to appetite on the changes in food consumption of ALL patients during chemotherapy, few studies have investigated the hormonal changes in patients with childhood cancers. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and levels of key hormones related to appetite in children and adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in the induction phase of chemotherapy. For this purpose, it was assessed 14 children/adolescents diagnosed with LLA during the 28 days of induction chemotherapy cycle. At baseline (prior to initiation of chemotherapy), in the middle and at the end of this cycle were performed anthropometric measurement, weighted food record 24 hours and biochemical and hormone levels were obtained. It were evaluated the following hormones related to appetite: leptin, ghrelin, insulin and cortisol. Most patients had normal weight at the beginning of treatment which did not change significantly during the induction cycle. The dietary intake increased over the cycle, particularly in relation to proteins and lipids intake from the beginning to the end of treatment. Platelet levels and transaminase glutamic pyruvic significantly increased, and a significant reduction in blood glucose, creatinine and sodium levels were observed. Regarding appetite hormones, ghrelin significantly increased between the baseline and the half of the cycle (p = 0.027), but not through the end. In conclusion, the LLA treatment induction period caused an increase in energy and nutrients intake, as well as an increase in the concentration of ghrelin, but no impact on the anthropometric status of patients or in other hormones related to appetite.
5	IGOR UCELLA DANTAS DE MEDEIROS Nutritional, technological and functional characterization of freeze dried tropical fruit pomaces. Advisor : ROBERTA TARGINO HOSKIN COMMITTEE MEMBERS : HERYKA MYRNA MAIA RAMALHO NELY HOLLAND ROBERTA TARGINO HOSKIN Data: Nov 11, 2016 Show Abstract The dietary consumption of fruit is associated with beneficial health effects due the presence of fiber, vitamins and bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds (PC) and vitamins antioxidant activity. Brazil has a diversified production of tropical fruits such as acerola, guava and cashew usually processed and forming large amounts of agro-industrial pomaces. Thus, this study aimed to characterize freeze-dried acerola pomace (ACE), guava (GUA) and cashew (CAS) as their nutritional, technological and functional aspects associated with the thermal-treatment study of the bioactive content. The residues have high values of dietary fiber, especially insoluble in GUA (40.6%) and soluble in ACE (14.2%). The protein value (13.8%) and lipids (9.2%) was higher for the GUA, but in general, all pomaces have reduced calorie content. The featured minerals were potassium, calcium and magnesium, especially in CAS (K: 83.5 mg/g) and ACE (Ca: 31.9 mg/ g and Mg: 2.8 mg/g). As the technological aspects, all residues showed low hygroscopicity and promising water holding capacity (4,4 – 12,0 g/g) and oil (3,0 – 5,4 g/g). The ACE was the higher total PC (5331.7 mg AGE/ 100g), total flavonoid (760.9 mg CE/ 100g) and antioxidant activity (688.1 μmol TE/g in ORAC) and GUA presented higher proanthocyanidins (217.8 mg PA2/ 100g). The ACE has the outstanding phenolic profile, with salicylic acid (3503.4 mg/ 100g), myricetin (929.4mg / 100g) and catechin (498.2 mg/ 100g). No residue showed antibacterial activity to the studied microorganisms. The ACE was more sensitive to heat treatment with retention of total PC reaching 29% at 150 °C. However, the antioxidant activity showed higher retention to all pomaces and temperatures (above 70%). In the case of CAS an increase up to 133% at 150 ° C was detected, which may be related to the formation of melanoidins in all pomaces (with variations up to 582%). All these data conclude that the freeze dried pomaces have a high nutritional, technological and bioactive potential, including in the fortification of other food matrices.
6	PENHA PATRÍCIA CABRAL RIBEIRO Phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of the oil, press cake and faveleira seed (Cnidoscolus quercifolius). Advisor : KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JAILANE DE SOUZA AQUINO KARLA SUZANNE FLORENTINO DA SILVA CHAVES DAMASCENO THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Nov 11, 2016 Show Abstract The faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius) has oilseeds that can be used for obtaining vegetable oil. One way of obtaining oil is by cold pressing, in which to get the oil and the by-product, herein named press cake. The seed and its derivatives have potential for use in human food and to present bioactive activities, therefore, this work focuses on the physicochemical evaluation of faveleira oil, as well as it investigates the bioactive properties of faveleira seeds, faveleira oil and the press cake obtained during the oilseed processing. The seeds were cold pressed and the following tests were performed: physicochemical characteristics (acidity, peroxide values, moisture and volatile matter, density and viscosity) e fatty acid profile of faveleira oil; total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of faveleira seed and press cake; antibacterial activity of seed, oil and press cake; and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide radical scavenging assay e oxygen radical absorbance capacity) of seed, oil and press cake. Acidity (0,78 ± 0,03% oleic acid), peroxide values (1,13 ± 0,12 mEq/1000g) and moisture (0,25 ± 0,03%) are low; and density (0,9136 ± 0,00 g/cm3) and viscosity (0,0546 ± 0,16 Pa.s) are close to what was observed for others edible oil. Unsaturated fatty acids are predominant in faveleira oil (72,42%). The most abundant fatty acid found was linoleic acid (53.56%), followed by oleic acid (17.78%). The seed and press cake has high amount of total phenolic content (324,92±6,69 mg EAG/100 g e 398,89±6,34 mg EAG/100 g, respectively), including flavonoid content (18,70±1,23 mg RE/g e 29,81±0,71 mg RE/g, respectively). The press cake has higher amounts of bioactive compounds than seed. No bacterial growth inhibition was detected, but all samples including faveleira seeds, press cake, oil and its fractions have potent antioxidant activities, mainly the press cake. Our results also show that faveleira oil has potential to be used as edible oil and the press cake should be used to contain the most antioxidants from seed.
7	SÉPHORA LOUYSE SILVA DE AQUINO Seasonal variation in 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among individuals with metabolic syndrome in a region of Brazil with high ultraviolet index. Advisor : LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA LUCIA DE FATIMA CAMPOS PEDROSA LÍGIA ARAÚJO MARTINI Data: Nov 22, 2016 Show Abstract The risk of metabolic syndrome can be influenced by inadequate vitamin D levels, and exposure to sunlight is the main external source of vitamin D. This study assessed the influence of the seasons on the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25ODH) status among individuals with metabolic syndrome. A cross-sectional study was developed with 180 adult and elderly individuals of both genders, between 18-80 years of age, with metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. The 25OHD concentration was considered dependent variable; the independent variables included age, gender, skin color, use of sunscreen, skin type, sun exposure score, ultraviolet index (UVI), geographic location, season, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), parathyroid hormone (PTH) level, total serum calcium level, and diet levels of calcium and vitamin D. The potential predictors for the 25OHD levels were investigated using 16 univariate linear regression models and seven multiple regression models. Measures of association and correlation were established and statistical significance was assumed for P < 0.05 (5%). The 25OHD status differed significantly between winter and summer (P = 0.017). The average 25OHD level was insufficient during the winter (25.89 ± 7.61 ng/mL) and sufficient during the summer (31.81 ± 10.22 ng/mL), with an increase of 5.59 ng/mL in the summer. In the simple linear regression model, 25OHD concentration was significantly associated with the summer season (P = 0.003); the season variable explained 4.2% of the variability in 25OHD concentration. The sun exposure score was significantly associated with 25OHD concentration (P = 0.008), explaining 3.4% of the variability. In the multiple regression model, gender (P = 0.27), WHR (P = 0.27), sun exposure score (P = 0.006), and winter vs. summer (P = 0.004) explained 10.4% of the variation in 25OHDconcentration. Men had a 25OHD concentration 3.71 ng/mL higher than that of women. An increase of 1.0 unit in the sun exposure score resulted in an increase of approximately 0.16 ng/mL in 25OHD concentration. WHR had an inverse association with the 25OHD concentration. The summer season and sun exposure influenced the 25OHD status of individuals with metabolic syndrome living in a region of Brazil with a high ultraviolet radiation index, with 25OHD concentrations being higher in the summer compared to those in winter.
8	ERIKA PAULA SILVA FREITAS DE OLIVEIRA Zinc status and cardiometabolics risk factors in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Advisor : KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANDRE GUSTAVO PIRES DE SOUSA DILINA DO NASCIMENTO MARREIRO KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA Data: Dec 1, 2016 Show Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifactorial disease whose pathophysiological alterations that might compromise zinc status. The aim of this study was to evaluate zinc status biomarkers and their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with MS. This is a study case-control, developed with 88 adults and elderly with SM, according to the NCEP / ATP-III, and 37 individuals without MS or other clinical condition with influence on zinc status. Clinical and anthropometric assessments were performed and lipid, glycemic, and inflammatory profiles were also obtained. It was evaluated zinc intake, plasma zinc, erythrocyte zinc, and urinary zinc excretion levels. Differences between groups were evaluated by regression models, considering adjustment covariates. Correlations were identified by Pearson coefficient (r). The significance level was 5%. The average age of participants was 50 (11) years and 44 (11) years for the group of patients with MS and controls, respectively, with female predominance in both groups. The average energy intake was significantly higher in patients with MS (p = 0.003) and dietary intake in both groups was characterized as high percentage of protein intake, and a proper percentage of carbohydrate and fat intake. Zinc intake average was significantly lower in MS group compared with control group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in plasma zinc levels (p > 0.05). It was found significantly higher erythrocyte zinc levels in the MS group (p < 0.001) independent from co-variable adjustments. Urinary zinc excretion level was significantly higher in the MS group (p = 0.008), and adjustments for age and sex explained 21% of the difference, (R2 = 0.21, p < 0.001). SM group were found significant associations between zincuria and fasting blood glucose level (r = 0.479), waist circumference (r = 0.253), triglyceride levels (r = 0.360), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (r = 0.250), homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.223) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (hs-PCR) (r = 0.427) (all p < 0.05). We confirmed the impairments in zinc status in MS group, characterized by increasing the erythrocytes zinc and higher zincuria, despite the inadequacies of zinc intake. Alterations in cardiometabolic risk factors influence zincuria in patients with MS.
9	HELOISA FERNANDA LOPES DA SILVA Assessment of nutritional status of zinc in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Advisor : LUCIA LEITE LAIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOVANY LUIS ALVES MEDEIROS KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA SANCHA HELENA DE LIMA VALE Data: Dec 2, 2016 Show Abstract Disturbances of zinc homeostasis in nervous system, represented by its excess or deficiency, are associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), contributing to its pathogenesis and progression. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the zinc status in ALS patients attending a specialized ambulatory care at Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Natal-RN, Brazil. This is a case-control study of 57 individuals, 20 patients with ALS (case group) and 37 healthy subjects (control group). Case group patients were clinically characterized in terms of symptom onset, symptom duration, feeding pathway and score on the ALS functional rating scale. In both groups, body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and dietary energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber and zinc intake were measured using two 24-hour recalls. Moreover, in both groups, plasma and urinary zinc concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Most of the participants were eutrophic, according to BMI, accounting for 73.7% of the cases and 62.2% of controls. Mean energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat intake was significantly lower for the case group. There was greater prevalence of inadequate zinc intake in the case group (35%) compared to control group (27%). Mean plasma zinc was significantly lower in the case group than in control group (77.13 ± 22.21 vs. 87.84 ± 17.44 µgZn/dL) (p=0.05). Urinary zinc did not differ significantly between cases and controls (p=0.155). In the case group, urinary plasma and zinc concentrations were below-reference values in 50.0% and 52.6% of patients, respectively. It was found that a 1µg/dL increase in plasma zinc lowered the odds of ALS by 3.6%. A large portion of patients with ALS exhibited changes in body zinc status, demonstrated by the low plasma zinc concentration and low food intake. The zinc deficiency found in half of the ALS patients may contribute to a worsened prognosis in patients with ALS and should be the target of nutritional interventions that aim to correct this deficiency.
10	MYCHELLE KYTCHIA RODRIGUES NUNES DUARTE Biomarkers for early detection of cardiovascular disease: relationship of biomolecules, nutritional status with extent of coronary lesion. Advisor : VIVIAN NOGUEIRA SILBIGER COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KARINE CAVALCANTI MAURICIO DE SENA EVANGELISTA MARIA ADERUZA HORST VIVIAN NOGUEIRA SILBIGER Data: Dec 6, 2016 Show Abstract Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, that can be triggered by alterations in the serum profile of fatty acids, by patterns of gene expression, changes in dietary intake, and alteration anthropometric. The early diagnosis of this pathophysiology is a challenge in translational medicine, since the methods used are expensive and / or invasive. Purpose: To identify biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases through the relationship of biomolecules (fatty acids and ECDHC3) and nutritional status (anthropometry, food consumption and dietary intake) with extensions of coronary lesion. Material and methods: The study was observational, with the sample collected for convenience in two casuistry in the Hemodynamics sector of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL), 59 patients (n1, 2011-2013) and the second included 41 individuals ( N2, 2014-2015), both aged 30-74 years and who were undergoing coronary angiography for the first time. The extent of atherosclerotic lesions was determined by Friesinger index, the biochemical profile by semi-automated spectrometry; the concentration of fatty acids by gas chromatography; gene expression of ECHDC3 mRNA by real-time PCR; food consumption and dietary intake for two 24-hour dietary intake recalls and anthropometric parameters by the electric bioimpedance, measuring tape and stadiometer scale. Results: Patients were classified into groups: no lesion (n1 = 18 / n2 = 8), low lesions (n1 = 17 / n2 = 6), intermediate lesions (n1 = 17 / n2 = 15) and major lesion (n1= 7 / n2 = 12). In n1 was observed high serum concentrations of oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids in patients with low lesions and intermediate when compared to patients without lesions (p <0.05). ECHDC3 expression was 1.2 fold-higher in patients with low lesions than in patients without lesions (p = 0.023), and 1.8 fold- lower in patients with major lesions than in patients without lesions (p = 0.020). In the second casuistry, the expression of ECHDC3 was 1.93 fold-higher in patients with intermediate lesions than in low lesions (p = 0.011) and 1.91 fold-higher in patients with severe lesions than in low lesions (p = 0.013). Spearman's analysis showed a positive correlation between Friesinger's index and ECHDC3 expression (r = 0.327, p = 0.037), but negative with zinc intake (r = -0.317, p = 0.044). The expression of ECHDC3 was positively correlated with the percentage of visceral fat (r = 0.416, p = 0.009) and the percentage was positively correlated with the protein (r = 0.392, p = 0.015). Protein intake had a strong correlation with zinc intake (r = 0.807, p <0.001). Conclusions: It was verified that oleic acid serum level, ECHDC3 expression, percentage of visceral fat, protein consumption may be involved with the progression of CVD, while lower zinc intake could influence the extent of coronary lesion.
11	CAMILA VANESSA DA SILVA MOREIRA Flying fish hamburguer (hirundichthys affinis): the influence of rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) on the sensory and physicochemical characteristics. Advisor : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : LARISSA MONT ALVERNE JUCA SEABRA SAMARA ALVACHIAN CARDOSO ANDRADE THAIS SOUZA PASSOS Data: Dec 12, 2016 Show Abstract Flying Fish is an important fishery resource of the northeastern coast. However, its consumption is devalued by the population due to the large presence of pimples in your muscle. The processing of this fish allows the production of mechanically separated meat (CMS), which can be used as raw material for production of various foods like hamburgers. The objective of this work was to develop formulations of flying fish (Hirundichthys affinis) and evaluate the influence of rosemary in the sensory profile and quality of the product during the period. Three formulations of hamburguers were produced with different amounts of rosemary: F1(0%), F2 (0.5%) and F3 (1%). For the characterization of the product were performed analysis of proximate composition and microbiological. The sensory profile of the burger was evaluated by means of using the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA), which preceded several stages of formation of a sensory panel trained. The evaluation of the physical changes and physico-chemical properties over time were verified by analysis of moisture, pH, acidity and colorimetric analysis. The burger of flying fish presented carbohydrate content of 8.3%, protein 12.88% lipids 0.99% and caloric value equivalent to 93.66 kcal per 100 g of sample. All formulations were within the parameters microbiological processes at the beginning and end of the period of storage. Moisture values showed no differences between the formulations during the storage period. The acidity of the sample F1 (without rosemary) increased significantly at the end of the period of storage, while the pH increased at the end of the storage only for F2 and F3 (p<0.05). With regard to color, we observed a significant decrease in the *a values of all formulations. By means of the QDA observed a tendency toward maintenance of keywords related to the sensory quality for samples with higher content of rosemary, when compared to the samples without rosemary.
12	DENISE MARIA DE LIMA E SILVA GALVÃO Physical and physical-chemical characterization and evaluation of antioxidant capacity of pigmented vegetable oil of the astaxanthin extraction from shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) waste. Advisor : CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : CRISTIANE FERNANDES DE ASSIS THAIS SOUZA PASSOS SAMARA ALVACHIAN CARDOSO ANDRADE Data: Dec 12, 2016 Show Abstract Astaxanthin is found naturally in shrimp residues and can be extracted in varying ways. The extraction with vegetable oil contributes to stability from this carotenoid, retarding its oxidation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and physical-chemical characteristics and the antioxidant capacity of the pigmented oils obtained from the extraction of astaxanthin from the shrimp waste (litopenaeus vannamei). The obtained pigmented oils of the shrimp waste (OW) and of the shrimp waste flour (OF) were evaluated for astaxanthin content, physical and physico-chemical characteristics and antioxidant capacity. The samples of OW and OF showed an astaxanthin content of 70.9 and 264.7 μg / g, respectively, where the decrease in moisture was responsible for this increase of 3.7 times. Likewise, its antioxidant power is directly associated with the astaxanthin content, however, some physical and physico-chemical characteristics of OF presented changes. Therefore, the pigmented oils from shrimp waste present a significant potential for the use in food as a natural antioxidant due to its antioxidant power, as well as the low price to obtain it.