Characterization of bovine colostrum and its use in the production of Greek type yogurt
functional food, sensory analysis, bioactive compounds, immunoglobulins, fermented milk.
The present study aimed to evaluate the composition of bovine colostrum in the first milking after delivery and its use for the production of a Greek type yogurt. A colostrum sample of 24 Jersey cows was analyzed in the first six milches after calving. The samples were evaluated for fat, protein, casein, dry extract, total solids, lactose, refractometry (Brix), pH and electrical conductivity. For the production of Greek type yogurt, different concentrations of third milking colostrum (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) were used. They were evaluated for the contents of fat, protein, total solids and ashes. In addition, a sensorial analysis was performed using the hedonic scale test of 9 points per panel of 103 untrained testers, followed by the intention of purchase test. Colostrum showed gradual reductions in the concentrations of fat, protein, casein, dry extract, total solids and Brix and lactose elevation with lactation progression, while pH and electrical conductivity were similar during milking. The averages obtained for protein, total solids and ash were similar in all formulations of Greek type yoghurts. For fat, yogurt without colostrum added had a lower percentage (p <0.05) when compared to the others. It was observed that Greek-type yogurts with different percentages of colostrum achieved good sensory acceptance and purchase intention higher than 39%.