Bioelectrical Parameters in Individuals with Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome: Vector Analysis and Phase Angle
Hypertriglyceridemia. Nutritional Assessment. Bioelectrical Impedance.
Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia (>1000 mg/dL) resulting from deficiency of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) or its cofactors. Clinically, it is associated with recurrent pancreatitis and significant impairment in quality of life. Strict dietary fat
restriction is the main therapeutic strategy and may influence body composition. However, studies evaluating bioelectrical parameters in this population are lacking. This cross-sectional study included 11 individuals with SQF and 11 controls matched by sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), aiming to analyze phase angle (PhA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA). Clinical, anthropometric, and bioelectrical data (resistance and reactance) were collected. Participants were classified according to genotype as homozygous (two pathogenic variants in the same gene) or heterozygous, characterized by variants in heterozygosity in genes related to the LPL pathway. No differences were observed between SQF and controls regarding BMI, PhA, and body fat percentage (p > 0.05). However, resistance adjusted for height (R/H) was higher in homozygous individuals (p = 0.043), and vector analysis revealed a significant difference between genotypes. The homozygous group showed greater variability in PhA values, including the lowest value in the sample (1.91°), suggesting possible cellular impairment. A discrepancy between BMI classification and BIVA vector positioning was also observed. In
conclusion, although no differences were found between individuals with SQF and controls, bioelectrical distinctions were identified between genotypes, with greater vulnerability among homozygous individuals. BIVA appears to be a useful complementary tool for functional assessment in this population.