Simultaneous analysis of synthetic peptides stigmurin, StigA8, TsAP-2, and
TistH by high- and ultra-high-performance chromatographic separation techniques coupled to high-resolution mass analyzers
analytical quality by design; method development; peptides; Tityus stigmurus; UHPLC-MS-ESI-TOF.
This study aimed to develop a robust chromatographic method for the simultaneous
analysis of Tityus stigmurus scorpion peptides, investigating the influence of
operational factors on the method's quality and effectiveness. To achieve this purpose,
a Quality by Design (QbD) methodology was applied, using Design of Experiments
(DoE) for a multifactorial plan that included a screening phase followed by an
optimization phase. Analyses were performed on a UHPLC/MS-ESI TOF system, and
the data were processed with Statistica and Design-Expert software, employing
analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface plots to delineate the Method
Operable Design Region (MODR). The results confirm that the selection of a core-shell
particle technology column provided a higher number of theoretical plates (N) and
better peak symmetry, resulting in resolutions greater than 2 for all critical pairs. The
optimization plan analysis demonstrated that the proportion of the organic mobile
phase (%B) is the most impactful factor on resolution and retention time, with the 40-
42% B range being ideal for maximizing the design space. The statistical models
developed were validated by parameters such as a significant p-value, high R²
coefficients, and adequate precision. Multiple ideal separation conditions were
identified, with analysis times ranging from 6 to 20 minutes. In conclusion, the study
demonstrates the successful application of QbD for the development of a flexible and
high-performance analytical method, proving its effectiveness in optimizing
chromatographic processes for peptide separation.