Alcaloides de Melocactus zehntneri: extração sustentável e atividade farmacológica
extraction optimization, alkaloids, ultrasound, supercritical, Melocactus zehntneri.
Alkaloids from Melocactus zehntneri were obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction. The alkaloid was analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The experimental parameters of SFE such as pressure and temperature were optimized using a 22 factorial design. The cephalium parts of the young cactus phase, temperature had significant effect on the extraction yield, while for the cephalium parts of the adult cactus phase both parameters had significant effect. Ultrasound-assisted extractions (UAE) of alkaloid from the cephalium parts of the young/adult cactus phases were optimized. The optimum conditions were as follows: solvent (ethanol 95%) volume, 18 mL; extraction time, 30 min; amplitude level, 33%. The extracts with higher yield from UAE and all conditions extracts from SFE methods were subjected to HPLC-DAD analysis. The results are inconclusive yet.