HUMANISM VERSUS ANTI-HUMANISM IN MARXISM: A CRITICAL REVIEW
humanist marxism; anti-humanism; althusserism; ontology of labor; marxist dialectics
This dissertation aims to discuss the dispute over the possibility of a philosophical anthropology as a foundation in Marx's work. This is a classic debate that goes hand in hand with the publication and reception of the Economic-Philosophical Manuscripts or Manuscripts of 1844, and took on particular importance in the second half of the 20th century. On the one hand, the position of anthropology as a foundation. On the other, the denial of anthropology as a foundation. Having established this identity between the interpretations, here we examine some of their differences. We therefore set out to reconstruct some of the main arguments mobilized on each side of the trench, establishing a constellation of the main interpretations based on this antinomy. On the humanist side, we mainly turn to the works of Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, István Mészáros and Franck Fischbach. On the anti-humanist side, we turn to the work of Louis Althusser, Moishe Postone and José Arthur Giannotti. Finally, we turn to the work of Ruy Fausto as the “flight of Minerva's owl” in which the work concludes. This is because his work constitutes a critique of the antithetical positions according to his reconstruction of the meaning of dialectics through the binomial of presupposition and position, which puts the relationship between logic and politics in a new light.