Artisanal Fishing and Local Ecological Knowledge: Importance for the conservation of mangroves in the village Potiguara Jaraguá, Rio Tinto-PB
Mangrove, indigenous culture, social and environmental conflict, conservation of biodiversity
The growing economic associated with other factors such as population growth and the lack of policies and actions aimed at enhancement and environmental preservation in recent years has led to an intensive exploitation of mangrove ecosystems and sometimes their removal. These ecosystems promote a different variety of products and services, where the underestimation of their total values and impacts through anthropic activities are the largest influencers to expand losses and degradation of mangrove ecosystems. Its economic importance is directly related to local culture and the way artisanal fishermen use this ecosystem for their professional subsistence activities in the indigenous community of the Jaraguá- Rio Tinto-PB, which live directly and indirectly from the extracted natural resources of the Mamanguape river mangrove. In this context, the present study sought through bibliographic review and fieldwork identify negative environmental impacts from anthropic action and its consequences in the mangrove ecosystem. Through the deductive method of listing environmental impacts throughout the mangrove in the Jaraguá village, stressful factors such as deforestation promoted mainly by sugarcane agriculture, which includes vinchotic eviction, pesticide pollution and coastal board erosion, disposition and Inadequate solid waste, extensive livestock, fish overexploitation and selective wood extraction. These factors directly and indirectly influence the spatial distribution, abundance and development of the biodiversity of the mangrove ecosystem, influencing the source of food, income and culture of the Potiguara indigenous community of the Jaraguá village. Thus, it is necessary to elaborate public policies and management plan to ensure the effective environmental and cultural preservation of this ecosystem.