WIND ENERGY AND HUMAN ECOLOGY: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY IN THE TORRES VEDRAS COUNCIL, PORTUGAL
wind farm; environmental; socioenvironmental impact; Human ecology
This article focuses on the analysis of the social and environmental impacts of the wind energy sector in the Torres Vedras district, Portugal. The theoretical-methodological framework is supported by the proposal in Human Ecology presented by Morán (1990), where we approach the human and ecological relations with its environment, highlighting the introduction of the wind sector as a possible factor of change in these socio-environmental relations. The research has an exploratory and qualitative character, and rescued the information of the patterns of social organization and characterization of the ecosystems as parameters established by the methodology mentioned above. The analysis of the characteristics of social organization and the ecosystem was established from bibliographical, empirical surveys and through information from official bodies and other entities related to the environment and sustainability sectors of Portugal. The results of the study showed that the social and environmental impacts associated with the wind sector are conditioned by two factors: the energy need to meet human and economic demands; The second, punctual, concerns subjective issues such as the perception of the local landscape from the introduction of wind turbines. Regarding the impacts related to the physical environment and the ecosystem, it was observed that wind farms are built through a pattern where priority is given to sparsely populated areas, where the local physiographic factor is a limiting factor for the introduction of this sector. Another result of the research showed that the actions and policies of socioenvironmental compensation of the wind sector can subsidize the good practices of coexistence between their projects with the environment and also by the good popular acceptance. This is corroborated by sectoral investments in areas related to environmental education and action plans to promote natural landscapes through the “Protected Landscape of the Socorro and Archeira Mountains” project, which is linked to various sub-programs linked to municipal sustainable development.