ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TARIFF CYCLES AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE IN ELECTRICITY
DISTRIBUTORS.
Accrual-based earnings management. Accruals. Factor X. Tariff cycles.
Several surveys point out aspects of the relevance of the electric energy sector in the economic development of a country. This sector, which has a natural monopoly and therefore subject to market failures, is regulated by ANEEL in order to minimize these failures. One of the functions of this regulatory body is to define the remuneration of companies through tariff reviews, which are calculated based on accounting and financial information. Therefore, there is a need for an information quality to ensure that the transfer of wealth between distributor and consumer occurs in a fair manner. Supported by the hypothesis of the political costs of Watts and Zimmerman (1986), which predicts that political processes that involve capital transfer (between companies and consumers) can encourage the use of accounting strategies for less wealth transfer to the consumer, this research will have as main objective to analyze the association between the management of accounting results (represented by the discretionary proxy accruals) and the tariff review cycles of the electric energy distributors in Brazil (represented by the variation of the Factor X). To this end, it will be assessed whether companies make more use of AD in years that precede tariff reviews (RTP’s) carried out by ANEEL, the body responsible for regulating the electricity sector. The information needed to estimate discretionary accruals using the model proposed by Pae (2005) will be obtained through the Thomson Reuters® platform and the ANEEL website, covering the period from 2012 to 2019. To identify the variations of Factor X, the approved tariff processes also available on the regulatory agency's website. The study will be carried out with the 64 electrical distribution concessionaires.