Development of competencies for care of people in situations of sexual violence in dentistry
Dental Education; Sexual Violence; Competency-Based Education; Professional Competence.
Introduction: Sexual violence constitutes a serious public health problem. In dentistry, it is relevant due to the frequency of associated orofacial injuries and the strategic role of the dentist in identifying and caring for people experiencing violence. Objective: To develop an active teaching-learning strategy capable of stimulating professional competencies for comprehensive care of people experiencing sexual violence in dental education. Method: A mixed-methods study with a sequential explanatory design was conducted with 27 graduating dental students. The strategy was developed as a workshop and included: a dialogued presentation on sexual violence; discussion of clinical cases involving orofacial injuries associated with sexual violence; and a dynamic of constructing a human figure for reflection on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for improving care. The quantitative analysis included responses from 18 students to a pre-post retrospective questionnaire on self-perception of knowledge related to the topic. Mean differences between the evaluation moments and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon test for paired samples were used, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Qualitative analysis included workshop products and recorded statements from a structured reflection discussion, as well as a focus group with five students to explore perceptions developed about the strategy. The data were subjected to Minayo's thematic analysis. Results: An increase in the averages was observed in all variables evaluated after the intervention, with a statistically significant difference, indicating an expansion of knowledge and self-perceived security among the students. The core meanings identified from the dynamics of constructing the human figure and the focus group evidenced a strengthening of ethical sensitivity, recognition of the role of the dental surgeon, and appreciation of the comprehensive, humanized, and interprofessional approach in the care of people in situations of sexual violence. Conclusion: The active teaching-learning strategy proved capable of favoring the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to comprehensive care for people in situations of sexual violence in dental education. The findings reinforce the relevance of including this topic in undergraduate dentistry programs, with active methodologies focused on developing professional skills aligned with comprehensive care and attention to social vulnerabilities.