Mother and Prostitute: Empathy and Denunciation of Masculine Domination in the Poetry of Augusto dos Anjos
mother; prostitute; masculine domination; gender studies; Augusto dos Anjos.
The poetry of Augusto dos Anjos is marked by contrasts, defined by the poet as complementary opposites. The images of the Mother and the Prostitute, present in his work, are antagonistic facets that represent the feminine. The subversive nature of Augusto dos Anjos' poetry and its aspect of social criticism by means of themes such as solidarity and empathy allow us to see the Mother and the Prostitute as images with which the poems' personae identify themselves. On one hand, the Mother represents the theme of asexual reproduction; on the other hand, the Prostitute is accompanied by the ideia of rejection of sexuality. The study of the images of the Mother in the poems “Mater”, “Mater Originalis”, “A Ideia” (“The Ideia”) and in “Soneto” ao Filho (“Sonnet” to the Son) helps us understand that the rejection os sexual reproduction relates to the revolt against the masculine control over the reproductive aspect of the feminine body (Beauvoir, 2009). The images of the Prostitute in the sonnet “Depois da Orgia” (“After the Orgy”), in the part IV of the long poem “Os Doentes” (“The Sick”) and in the unfinished “A Meretriz” (“The Prostitute”) bring forth the question of sexual domination of the feminine body by tmasculine power (Bourdieu, 2002). The masculine images of the Father (in the sonnet “A Árvore da Serra” – “The Tree on the Hill”) and the Satyr (verses 91-144 of “Monólogo de uma Sombra” – “Monologue of a Shadow”), in opposition to the Mother and the Prostitute, put together the symbolism of Patriarchy's control over the feminine bodies in their reproductive and sexual aspects respectively. We build bridges between the various images annalised, along with the symbols with which they articulate, and a narrative of the representations of the feminine in Western culture, from earthly-lunar goddesses of Antiquity (Badinter, 1986; Sicuteri, 1998), the witches in medieval Europe (Michelet, 2003), to the femme fatale in the fin-de-siècle (Dottin-Orsini, 1996), always thinking the evolution of feminine symbolism in its relation to the masculine symbols. We consider at last that the poetry of Augusto dos Anjos brings an understanding of the subaltern position of women in the hierarchy dominated by androcentrism.