Analyzing the discursive genre labor sentence of moral damage, circumscribed to the legal domain, regarding the phenomena of text plan, point of view and enunciative responsibility is our purpose in this work. Therefore, we aim to identify, describe, analyze and interpret a) how the text plan of the analyzed sentences is constituted; b) the points of view articulated in the decision; and c) the linguistic markers related to the enunciative responsibility of the first speaker/enunciator (S1/E1). In this way, we executed a research with a qualitative approach, fundamentally interpretative, and with documentary analysis through the inductive method. The corpus consists of thirteen labor sentences, one from each Labor Court of Natal-RN (Brazil), linked to the Tribunal Regional do Trabalho/Regional Labor Court of the 21st Region (TRT21), responsible for promoting justice in labor relations in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). We selected the sentences considering the following criteria: 1) that the sentence is a definitive one; 2) that it follows the common procedural rite; 3) that it addresses a claim for moral damages; and 4) that it has been judged between 2018 and 2020, considering that the last Labor Court of Natal-RN was created in September 2017. From this last Court, we have sentences with the established criteria as of 2018. The delimitation of the final period is the year immediately prior to our entry into the master's program. For data collection, we resorted to the website www.trt21.jus.br, which is publicly accessible. The research is based on the theoretical postulates of Textual Analysis of Discourses, Theory of Enunciation and Discourse Analysis. In this direction, we follow authors who work with Enunciative Responsibility, among them, Adam (2011), Rabatel (2017), Rodrigues (2016, 2017) and Passeggi et al. (2010), in dialogue with linguistic approaches related to the Point of View, from the perspective of Rabatel (2013, 2016), and to the Text Plan, with Adam (2011, 2021, 2022), Rodrigues and Marquesi (2021), Marquesi (2016 ), Cabral (2013), Marquesi, Cabral and Rodrigues (2020) among others. Data analysis points to the following results: we found that the text plan of the analyzed sentences is presented as fixed or conventional, but with variations resulting from the organization of each magistrate. We observed the predominance of non-assumption of enunciative responsibility in the report section, which was evident by the use of impersonality markers, of direct speech and indirect speech by the S1/E1. We also identified that, although there is no assumption of enunciative responsibility in the reasoning of the sentences, which is evident by the use of indirect and direct speeches by the judge, it is predominant, in this textual zone, the assumption of enunciative responsibility by the magistrate, as a S1/E1, what was possible to verify, mainly, by spatial deictic markers, modalities and verbs in the first person singular. In the device section, we found that the assumption of enunciative responsibility predominates, even though the judge is implicitly engaged with the propositional content conveyed. As for the point of view, we found that the linguistic markers point to the argumentative orientation of the judge, sometimes in the sense of condemning the defendant to pay compensation for moral damages and sometimes in the sense of rejecting the claim of the plaintiff, predominating in the sentence the point of view narrated and represented in the report and asserted in the reasoning and device sections.

The present dissertation proposes to investigate the novel The Bell Jar (1963), by Sylvia Plath, starting from a reading from the perspective of autofiction, a term coined by the French writer Serge Doubrovsky in the 1970s to characterize autobiographical writing practices through the model of fiction. Our proposal is to study the writer's authorial and factual presence, pointing out fictional events in the narrative that, supposedly, present autobiographical indications. Next, we will study how Sylvia Plath, as a female author, resorted to a narrative model inherent in her literary productions, which consist of a performance of herself through the emergence of feminist movements in the 1950s and 1960s. Excerpts from the book were examined, basing the analysis on an authorized biography of Sylvia Plath, as well as her own diaries. Thus, we assume that, although The Bell Jar (1963) was published before the emergence of the concept of autofiction, the novel presents resources and narrative compositions similar to an autobiographical text, however, written in the mold of fiction. The research had a bibliographical and investigative character, having as main theoretical assumptions texts by authors such as Bakhtin (2011a; 2011b), Lejeune (2008), Foucault (2006 and 2001), Barthes (2004a; 2004b) and Doubrovsky (1970).

In school environments, the frequent exclusion of readings of non-canonical works is visible, especially those that approach issues of minorities, since they are not part of the aesthetic “standards” that ratify the canonical status of a work. Narratives about black people and their trajectory in Brazil commonly take place through a dominant view among the canons of literature. In counterpoint, this research makes a reading of the contemporary work Um defeito de cor, by Ana Maria Gonçalves, which proposes a reconstruction of history by presenting it from a peripheral vision, making use of historiographical metafiction in its narrative. In the present analysis and intervention in the High School classroom, the work of Ana Maria Gonçalves was selected with the purpose of discussing its contribution not only in the construction of the subject's identity, but in the reflection on the social and contextual issues that surround this construction inside and outside the school. Therefore, the theoretical framework that composes this research is formed by the reflections of Dalcastagnè (2012), Kothe (1997), Schollhammer (2011), Hutcheon (1991), Cosson (2006) and Zilberman (2012), in addition to other theorists, articles, dissertations and theses in the field of literature and teaching. In addition to the bibliographical research, a field research was carried out that took place in two spaces: in formal education and in digital, with the purpose of examining the behavior of the postmodern subject in different spaces, understanding how they position themselves on issues of blackness, mainly showing the relation between the non-canonical work and the formation of this subject's identity.

Studies on the evaluation system, its first uses, its history, the first ones that circumscribed this system are getting attention in the last decades. The universe of signs, their status, the function they perform or the relationship of interest they maintain with different semiotic and linguistic strata productively feed the gaze on the exhibition system, on a variety of visible graphic forms on paper and shapes not graphically visible (e.g. text layout, paragraph, etc.). Our study is part of the set of studies on the use and learning process of this system by elementary school students. The data processed through a set of invented stories together in a system were written and recorded in a multimodal system through which we have dialogue from the students who are writing the text together. Our investigation is based on the following questions: 1. When and at what moments do you write paragraphs in your texts? 2. What is the nature of the justification (syntactic, semantic?) given by the students for the use of the paragraph? Considering these points, we raised questions about the students' dialogues about this textual object (the paragraph), highlighting two situations: 1. the simple comments, when the students only mention the use of the paragraph, without explanation or argumentation; 2. paragraph the extended comment or when the students discussed argue and justify the use of the text. Also register the moments, in the writing of the text, in which the students only gesture on the sheet of paper, still gesture, in a consensual way, the need to start a new paragraph in the text. The, in progress, point out that the comments made by children are not easy to classify. On the other hand, in the construction of the paragraph, the students manifest some kind of knowledge, arising from previous knowledge accumulated in the experience with texts in the knowledge that is built in school study, an example of the need to make the school environment in the text when the subject of the previous paragraph is no longer the same or when introducing character speech in the text.

Analytical studies that focus on literature for children and adolescents have proved to be a great contribution to the area as well as the arena of many discussions in academic research. In this sense, this study adds, to the existing literary studies, a discussion that seeks to understand to what extent the discourses of gender oppression and resistance constitute the ideological formation of the protagonist of Lygia Bojunga Nunes’s novel Angélica (1975/2019). Furthermore, based on this dialogue, it aims to discuss the construction of the ideological formation of the characters based on Bakhtin’s theory, focusing on the discourses of gender oppression and resistance introduced in the narrative. The field of zooliterature, conceptualized by Maciel (2007; 2008; 2011; 2016a; 2016b), among other authors, cooperates with the theory of dialogism of the Bakhtin Circle (Bakhtin, Voloshinov and Medvedev) for the analysis of the novel. As for the methodology, this is a bibliographic research, guided by the Circle’s notion that the true literary analysis starts from the text. The final results of this dialogic study point to the recognition of the axiological position of rejection of the patriarchal authoritarian discourse of silencing the female character and her resistance, represented by the animal-character Angélica.

The novel Lavoura Arcaica, written by Raduan Nassar, tells the story of the character André who returns to the family after running away from home and spending some time away. The work presents his conflicted relationship with his family, especially his father, with whom André maintains a complex ideological tension. In his approach to the novel as a literary genre, Mikhail Bakhtin presents some of its characteristics, among which, we can point out: the diversity of languages. We mainly propose to identify among these languages the voices and values that act in the narrative and how they influence the formation of the character between the sacred and the profane. We present some methodological notes placing the literature in dialogue with culture, in addition to the Bakhtinian concept of heterodiscourse. Following, we present an analysis of the novel in which we seek both the presence of different voices and languages and the dialogical tension between them in the sacred-profane spectrum. Throughout the research, it was possible to observe that the formation of the character takes place among the tension of the values, under the order of an authoritative sacred discourse and a profane attempt of positioning oneself in the dialog. We also have the occurrence of different social voices and values - as, for example, in the dialogues between André and his family; or even in the conflict between values like the sacred and the profane. We conclude that the relationship between André and his father is presented in order to build an authoritative discourse and the novel reveals itself to be a metaphor for a return to the sacred.

The current paper aims at analysing the Roman Déssiné in the work Autoportrait de Paris avec Chat (2018) by Dany Laferrière, in view of the images present in the aforementioned narrative. This fictional production, published in 2018, is the first example of the new genre, created by the Immortel de L’Académie Française author. At first glance, the audience might confuse the book for a children’s sketchbook. However, the narrative is more than that. We find three main characters in it: a famous writer about to receive the immortality distinction for his books, the city of Paris, and the Cat, with a burlesque profile in a Dandy style, who knows every cultural corner of the world’s most visited French capital. Thus, we are immersed in a museum of images and words, in which a personal Paris emerges, populated by the most famous artists from different aesthetic fields and from different periods. Dany Laferrière’s Roman Déssiné reminds us of several avant-garde compositions, whether in image or in writing. Considering these characteristics of the work, we work with the hypothesis that the Roman Déssiné is a result of the dialogues between literature and image, which took place both during the 20^th Century’s Modernity, and in the internal circuit of the set of Dany Laferrière’s works. We believe that the author preserves an aesthetic tradition and, at the same time, implements innovations as he explores the levels of pictoriality (LOUVEL, 2016a; LOUVEL, 2016b) in his works. For us, Autoportrait de Paris avec Chat might be considered an aesthetic landmark n which we see the emergence, for the first time, of an imagery concretism in the novel. Our preliminary results confirm that, through parodistic drawings and caricatures, the Haitian-Québécois author illustrated the references that constantly appear in his other productions, presenting, this time with his own hand, the painters and the works that marked his route in some way.

The ethnic-racial groups that formed Brazil have always been represented in literature, having been, at first time, characters in narratives, as antagonists, in sixteenth-century texts, to the narratives that formed the idea of nation, and more recently, as protagonists, however, in most of these texts, represented with stereotypes. These constructions contributed to the continuity of images that make up a negative imagery about subjects and “minority” cultures. This change began through the literature written by the subjects of cultures, in which there is a noticeable change in the way of representing themselves, communities, their cultures, epistemes, especially in indigenous and black-Brazilian literary productions for children and young people. The objective is to understand and discuss children's and youth literature by black and indigenous authors, through literary texts, analyzing convergences in their aesthetic, political and literary proposals, realizing how they elaborate the idea of literature, ways of being in the world, modes of representation of their cultures, epistemes, seeking an understanding of their specific literary fields. For the understanding of children's literature, we mobilized the founding texts, backed by Leonardo Arroyo (1968, 1988), followed by the works of Regina Zilberman (1981, 1982, this one with Lígia Cademartori, 1984, 1986 and 2005), Nelly Coelho (1981, 1983, 1985), Marisa Lajolo (1982, 1986, the latter co-authored by Zilberman), Maria Antonieta Cunha (1985), among others. In relation to black-Brazilian and indigenous literature, we used to work that dealt with the constitution of these literatures, and thought of them as systems in their historical, theoretical and critical dimensions. For the first literature, the thoughts of Eduardo de Assis Duarte, Cuti, Conceição Evaristo, Maria Nazareth Fonseca, Florentina de Souza, Inaldete Pinheiro de Andrade, Ione Jovino, among others, were considered. For a second literature, such as Graça Graúna, Daniel Munduruku, Maria Inês de Almeida, Julie Dorrico, among others. This theoretical research started from a bibliographic path for the presentation of a corpus of children's and youth literature by black and indigenous authorship, mobilized for reading and discussion, with a view to discursive paths on the literatures, in relation, by a concept methodological-operative of the “constellation”, and its various dimensions of use, figured in the intentional categories, for analysis of literary texts: Policies, authorship and literary system; Illustration as a form of authorship; Literary genres, in prose; Animals we are; Readings of imagined, imaginary worlds and so many images; Ancestry, present action of respect for people and time; and Mediator, narrator / Griot, Nganga, Pajé, or the oldest, in the movements of the wheel of time.

With covid-19, there were a break to the regular classes, and, as a strategy to attend students, the Municipal Secretary of Education created Teleaulas Natal Project, that involve to record some classes to the students from 9^th level of basic education. Based on that project, this investigation aims to analyze (the building of) linguistic landscape of municipal public schools in the city of Natal in the pandemic chronotope, by the view of teachers and assessors involved in the project. This research has qualitative and interpretative nature; developed by the Applied Linguistic approaches; having as theoretical referece a dialogical and philosophical conception of language based on the Circle of Bakhtin, discussions about identity developed by the Cultural Studies and studies that consider the conception of linguistic landscape. Methodological proposal includes application of a online questionnaire, due to the limitations of pandemic chronotope. Based on the data, this study analyzes relationship between teleclasses and emergency teaching, the choice of television as an accessible tool, the importance of accessibility of the resources to the mediation in the process of teaching and learning, interaction during the teleclasses and the experience of the teachers. Results point to the construction of a pandemic linguistic landscape marked by teleclasses to enhance the process of teaching and learning of the students. In addition to this, it presents as a suggestion the adoption  of this methodology as a permanent project in the public schools linked to Municipal Education Secretary in Natal.

The objective of this thesis is to investigate the process of fictionalization of the civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985) in the novels K. – Relato de uma busca (2014), by Bernardo Kucinski; Cabo de guerra (2016), by Ivone Benedetti; and A noite da espera (2017), by Milton Hatoum. In this sense, and relying on Antonio Candido (1993; 2006) to help us understand how the Brazilian authoritarian experience manifests itself in the formal structure of these works, we observe that the recurrence of the traumatic experience is a common element in the three stories, manifesting itself in different times. As such, our study analyzes the three novels based on the concept of trauma proposed by Márcio Seligmann-Silva (2000; 2003; 2005), giving special attention to the role of temporal multiplicity in the aesthetic construction of the selected works. Additionally, we observe that the condition of exile and the feeling of guilt play an enabling role in the traumatic experiences in the studied stories. The analyzed novels, therefore, reveal a trend in the literature published during the last decade (2011-2020) of portraying, through narrators and/or protagonists in the present, how the traumas experienced before, during, and after the dictatorship have endured and intensified over time. By recognizing the recurring presence of this type of narrative structure, we can catch a glimpse of a new literary trend emerging in Brazilian fiction, characterized mainly by the revelation of a traumatic condition that persists through time. In this sense, the overflowing experience is formalized in the structure of the works through a non-linear temporality that mimics the chaotic nature of remembrance in individuals subjected to excessively painful experiences. The lack of punishment and appropriate responses to the military dictatorship, therefore, have allowed it to continue as a trauma spanning multiple periods in Brazilian life. Its formalization in literary writing is both a cry of hope against censorship and an indication of the persistence of our authoritarian heritage.

This work is established in the theoretical pillar of Textual Analysis of Discourses, based on the postulates of Adam (2011, 2017, 2020), considering the text in its necessary connection with co(n)text and discourse and, consequently, understanding it from its materialization in a discursive genre. From this perspective, Commitment is seen as a phenomenon that allows us to analyze the voices raised in a text, allowing us to understand which instance assumes - or not - the propositional content of the utterances. In an approach also in line with Adam, the concepts, and assumptions of Rabatel (2013, 2016), such as Point of view and Emotion, are used, as well as those of Benveniste (1989 [1974], 1991 [1966]) and Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1997 [1980]) regarding the subjectivity of language. In an approach also in line with Adam, the concepts and assumptions of Alain de Rabatel (2012, 2013, 2016), such as Point of View and Emotion, are used, as well as those of Benveniste (1989 [1974], 1991 [1966]) and Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1997 [1980]) in what concerns the subjectivity of language. For the purpose of linguistically understanding the phenomenon called "excess language", we have the objectives of identifying, describing, analyzing and interpreting: (a) the text plan and characteristics of the genre "pronunciation decision"; (b) linguistic marks that show the point of view (PDV); (c) linguistic marks that show Commitment in pronunciation decisions annulled by "excess language" and in the reduced decisions; (d) similarities and differences between the annulled pronunciation decision and the decision for redone pronunciation; (e) Language marks that characterize the "excess language" in the genre; (f) Commitment and its relation to the linguistic marks of "excess language" in pronunciation. The genre chosen for analysis is the pronunciation decision annulled for excessive language, as well as its remade version, using decisions from the public domain. This legal text is produced by a judge, in the first phase of the Jury Court, in which evidence of materiality and sufficient evidence of authorship are analyzed (art. 413, §1, Brazilian Code of Criminal Process); if the defendant is indicted, he will be judged by the jurors on Jury Court. The importance of further studying this legal genre in relation to Commitment is due, firstly, to the fact that it is a decision whose limits are imposed to avoid that the jurors, in the second phase of the Jury Court, have their conviction already formed by this decision, making an effective defense of the defendant impossible, and, secondly, because the previous analysis of the corpus indicates that the annulment of these decisions due to "excess of language" is linked to issues related to the demarcation of the Commitment of the First Enunciator-Speaker (L1/E1), the judge, in relation to what he/she said. Because of this connection, privilege is given to the level of analysis at which it is possible to perceive and study the Commitment in the legal discourse genre of the pronouncement decision. After identifying and detailing the text plan of the genre, based on the analysis categories indicated by Adam (2011), the linguistic marks that characterize the "excess of language" are identified, described, analyzed, and interpreted, as well as marks that evidence the Point of View and Commitment in the annulled and then in the remade decisions.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the argumentative value present in the oral submissions of defense lawyers in homicide crimes and its relation to the convincing of the Jury Trial jurors. To that end, the study aims to identify, describe, analyze and interpret the arguments in the oral submissions of criminal lawyers regarding the concept of Point of View (POV), the assumption of Enunciative Responsibility (ER), the emotion and empathy, from the perspective of the argumentative claim.Thus, the qualitative interpretive research follows the inductive method and it is based on the theoretical postulates of Textual Discourse Analysis (TDA), with Adam (2011), Rodrigues, Passeggi and Silva Neto (2016) and Rodrigues (2017), in dialogue with linguistic enunciative theories, such as Rabatel (2016), theories of emotion with Plantin (2011), Martineau (2019), Michelli (2010) and linguistic empathy with Rabatel (2013).The research follows some well-defined criteria, which are: all cases are about homicide crimes; all cases concern defendants who have been acquitted; all oral submissions are available on Youtube; it was deemed necessary to have a case in each of the five regions of Brazil, as well as access to all acquittal sentences regarding each of the cases. In order to standardize the transcription of the corpus, which is an oral text, all four oral arguments were transcribed and were adapted in order to comply with the norms of the NURC (from its Portuguese acronym Norma Urbana Oral Culta, Urban Oral Cultivated Variety) Project. Due to occurrences presented in the corpus which differ from the ones marked in the transcription norms of the project, some signs were added in addition to those foreseen in the NURC.Data analysis points to the following results: the text planning of the Oral Submissions was similar to the text planning found in Classical Rhetoric, presenting, however, some peculiarities; in regard to the argumentative sequence, the occurrence of the justification level was observed in all regions (P.arg1+P.arg2+P.arg3), whereas the counter-argumentative level occurred in only one region (P.arg 0 and P.arg 4); as for the assumption of ER, it can be verified, mainly, by the marks of index of persons, spatial and temporal deixis and modalities, which are present in all submissions; as for the repelling of ER, it is marked by verbum dicendi, attributing the responsibility for the statement to the Federal Constitution, the Penal Code, law professors, etc; regarding the POV, it is understood that its linguistic marks promoted the argumentative orientation of the L1/E1, which must certainly have influenced directly the final decision of the jurors, presenting an asserted POV in most of the oral submissions and a reported POV in the narration of the facts; in regard to the emotional argument, its presence was noted in all submissions and it was marked by subjective lexemes, in particular, by names of feelings, such as: fear, pain, indignation, regret, etc; finally, concerning the empathic argument, it was verified as present in almost all the oral submissions, except for the one observed in the Southeast Region. The most recurrent empathic arguments were: everyone would act in the same way as the defendant; L1/E1 should consider the position of the jurors, so as to avoid future regrets; and L1/E1 should consider the feelings experienced by the victim’s mother.

Based on feminist criticism and gender studies, the present thesis aims to analyze the representations and stereotypes of lesbianities in the short stories “Flor, flores, ferro retorcido”, and “Vó, a senhora é lésbica?”. Both narratives make up the short storybook entitled Amora, published in 2015, by the writer Natalia Borges Polesso, which has as its main thread stories of lesbians women in their diverse experiences and perfomances. In the research, we investigate the ways in which Polesso, through the construction of her characters, tensions stereotypes contained in social imaginaries to build plural representation of dissents. The research also discusses the power of the writer’s discourse, as a subversive bias os the hegemonic uses of language in the literary field, by inscribing lesbian existence in Amora. To this end, we reflect from the feminist criticism contained in Bonnet (1995), Lauretis (1994), Rich, (2010) and Wiitig (2006), taking a look at the author’s constructions of lesbians characters, and from the gender studies coined by Butler (2010), Foucault (1999),, and Louro (2020), seeking to understand how aspects of social constructions of sexuality and gender are engendered in the short stories. We also underpin ourselves, in order to better discuss stereotypes, imaginaries and social representation in Charaudeau (2017) and Moscovici (2015). In face of the analyzes and discussions of this research, we understand the importance of Polesso’s work for the construction of a more plural and dissident Brazilian literary scenario, which guides multiple women, living multiple sexualities.

In Um defeito de cor (2006), by the Brazilian writer Ana Maria Gonçalves, the memoirs’ trajectory of Kehinde “Luiza” is depicted as a legacy to her son, Omotunde “Luiz Gama”. Luiza’s grieving process is driven by her body memory. The narrator-protagonist, a former slave, reveals to the reader a quest for herself through the nuances of an endless search for her son. Thus, this paper’s goal is to analyze the memorialistic constructions woven by the narrative voice of Kehinde, as well as the identity (re)constructions of the protagonist in flux and in dialogue with these memorial marks. The analysis is based on Abdias Nascimento (2016; 2019), Luciana Brito (2018), and Mônica Lima e Souza (2008), among others, theorists who promote dialogues about the African Diaspora and slavery in Brazil. The research is based on Leda Maria Martins (2003), Paul Ricoeur (2007), Roland Walter (2011), among others, for the analytical category of memory. Frantz Fanon (2008), Paul Gilroy (2012), Stuart Hall (2013; 2014), and W. E. B. Du Bois (2021) were drawn on for the analytical category of identity. From the analysis undertaken, we observed that the protagonist, in her narrative flow, emerges identity crossings, a reflection of the diasporic subject's experience with multiple cultural encounters, sometimes juxtaposed and sometimes confronted. The wandering memory represents reconciliation to the loss of oneself and one's kinsmen.

When it comes to the accessibility for deaf people, humor, in addition to professional and legislative aspects, plays a relevant role, since it is a recognized tool for cultural dissemination. In this context, memes are particularly important, as they portray, for example, the performance of the professional Interpreter of Libras (Brazilian Sign Language). Considering the production and circulation in social networks of this relevant cultural artifact, we intend to investigate these images produced in and by the deaf community. In this work, we start from the methodological point of view of Discourse Analysis to investigate which effects of meaning emerge from the analytical reading of memes disseminated about and by the deaf community. Specifically, we propose i) to identify the possible effects of meaning in imagistic recordings; ii) to infer positions in imagery memes, by comparing enunciative scenes of the deaf and non-deaf culture; iii) analyze the identity and cultural representations from the constitution of certain ethé for the deaf and hearing communities. For this analysis, we rely on the theoretical contributions of Maingueneau (2008a, 2012, 2016b) to understand how these memes about and by the deaf community are constituted in the clash between different positioning. In this study, the expression meme is understood as a language phenomenon and as an exercise of power in discursive community practices (BAKHTIN, 2002, 2010, 2016; GUERRA e BOTTA 2018; FOUCAULT, [1970] 2014, 1979, 1986, 2018; FELIPE, 2011; MAINGUENEAU, 2008, 2012; WIGGINS, 2019). We also work with the theoretical concepts inside the studies of deaf culture (CANCLINI, 2009; HALL, 2002; 1997; QUADROS, KARNOPP, 2004; PERLIN, MIRANDA, 2003; PERLIN, 2016; SÁ, 2006; SKLIAR, 2016; STROBEL, 2009; TESKE, 2016, WOODWARD, 2000), moved mainly by our interest in the cultural and identity constitution of deaf communities and in the hegemonic representations of the deaf person and sign language. Our analysis suggest that the memes (1) not only entertain internet users, but also inherit a practice that is recognized and maintained on the network by the community; (2) incorporate the ethé that, when staged, show determined positions (disqualifying or belonging to/from the deaf community); (3) (re)construct the power relations through the exercise of their positions; (4) point to identity and cultural representations from the demarcation of difference.

During an interaction, it is necessary to resort to the network of knowledge that one has about language, concepts evoked by linguistic elements and the experienced situation. This process involves cognitive-ecological mechanisms associated with the construction of concepts’ meaning, that is, conceptualization. For the purpose of understanding how Deaf people conceptualize Portuguese language in reports available in videos from YouTube, this Master’s thesis seeks to answer the following questions: (1) how can the language-game (WITTGENSTEIN, 2012) that structures the studied interaction be characterized?; (2) what are the verbal and non-verbal clues involved in the process of conceptualization of Portuguese language by Deaf people?; (3) what are the cognitive-ecological mechanisms engaged in the said conceptualization?; (4) how Deaf people build their worldview of Portuguese language? Through a technique to establish saturation of data (STRAUSS; CORBIN, 2008), three videos produced in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) by Deaf youtubers were selected, in which they share their experiences with Portuguese. Based on the theoretical framework of the ecological approach to cognition and language (DUQUE, 2017), the reports were analyzed aiming the identification of concepts evoked by signers. The analysis performed suggests that, for the construction of meaning of Portuguese language, it is necessary to evoke a network of frames (DUQUE, 2015; 2017) that supports the conceptualization that associates the learning process of Portuguese with assiduous study of writing and grammatical categories, speech training, the use of devices created to increase auditory perception and the appreciation of Libras. Moreover, the research shows that, by learning Portuguese, Deaf people and hearing people resort to distinct events and, within the Deaf community, deafness is perspectivated as an identity trait.

The dialogue between art and life reveals how the extralinguistic social milieu finds in art an immediate response to the social formation (VOLÓCHINOV, 2019), thus creating intelligibility between these two worlds that complement each other. Accordingly, this paper aims, based on the theoretical and methodological postulates of Bakhtin (1993; 2011; 2015) and Volóchinov (2018; 2019), the transgressive perspective of Applied Linguistics (MOITA LOPES, 2006; PENNYCOOK, 2006), and studies on sexuality (BUTLER, 2018; LOURO, 2001), to seek to understand the process of sexual identity construction of fictional characters in the series Sex Education and how this reflects life-related contemporary aspects. To achieve our goal, therefore, we consider the journey of Eric Effiong, a black, effeminate teenager, son of Protestant parents, who has his sexual identity modified throughout the show's first season by direct interaction with the social environment. Given this, and from a qualitative-interpretative study, we analyze, verbal-vocal-visually (PAULA, 2017), how verb-ideological forces (BAKHTIN, 2015) permeate concrete enunciations (BAKHTIN, 2011) taken from the scenes selected as the Corpus of analysis and how these forces influence the unfinished identity of socio-historical subjects materialized under the bias of grotesque attributes (BAKHTIN, 1993). The study findings show that hegemonic cultural intervention on bodies like Eric's prevents subversive practices of sexualities that do not respect traditional procedures as a consequence of a relentless attempt by centripetal forces to control identity performances outside heteronormative sexual standards. Moreover, by reproducing the identity unfinishedness of the LGBTQIA+ community, the young man's body reflects and refracts the life world, thus receiving grotesque finishings expressing social views about his sexual orientation.

This thesis has the objective to establish, from The Bakhtin Circle’s theoretical and methodological assumptions, a discursive analysis of the identity construction process as regards the characters of the episode Nosedive, from the British series Black Mirror, mainly about the protagonist’s identity, Lacie Pound, and from which ways the identity constructions reflect and refract the identities of contemporary persons, marked by a unfinished identity (HALL, 2006). In addition, it aims to analyze how Black Mirror series, through literary language, represents the current reality, defined as liquid (BAUMAN, 2001), digital (HAN, 2019^a), transparent (HAN, 2020), hypermodern (LIPOVETSKY, 2020a) and nimble (LIPOVETSKY, 2020b). To achieve these pretensions the audiovisual work (CANTORE and PAIVA, 2020) Nosedive, co-written by Michael Schur and Rashida Jones, will be used as a way to emphasize the identity questions as of interactions between Lacie Pound and other characters, since Lacie’s identity construction occurs through the relationships built along the plot, evincing social questions in an extremely excluding universe, regards to the acceptability of people who escaped from socially imposed standards and reverberate characteristics of the grotesque (BAKHTIN, 1989). In this social extremism sphere, it intends to analyze how the dystopian discourse genre, along with the Science Fiction discourse genre build a new genre, which results in the series concerned. Moreover, it is intended to study how the grotesque bodies are constituted throughout the Nosedive plot, in particular the main character’s body – since the grotesque is remarkable in its corporeal image – and in what ways they are linked to the ideal body archetype widespread in hypermodernity (LIPOVETSKY, 2020a) and in the society of beauty (HAN, 2019b). At length, seeks to evince the aversion that Nosedive’s society has to the different, metamorphosed into the monstrous figure, becoming liable to punishment and social exclusion, which ends up reflecting the world in contemporary life in art.

In Histórias que o tempo leva… (1924), Luís da Câmara Cascudo fictionally narrates episodes inspired by the history of the brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte. The short narratives intertwine with the colors of the local components, representing popular culture and urban spatiality in the tales. Given these contents, this work analyzes the historical, cultural, and urban themes in articulation with the ideas of the Brazilian modernist movement, considering that Câmara Cascudo assumed a leading role in the discussions and dissemination of the movement in the province. Thus, this research dialogues with the theoretical orientations of Antonio Candido (2014) and Mário de Andrade (1978) on Modernism; Walter Benjamin (1987), Le Goff (1990), and Alfredo Bosi (1992) for the study of events related to History; and Gaston Bachelard (1993) and Borges Filho (2007) for the analysis of spatial representations. Based on the analysis carried out, we identified that the return to past events, from the literary point of view, provides the apprehension of a past characterized by plurality, favoring a historical inclusion. In addition, it was noted that socio-spatial latencies reflect evidence of the colonial universe alongside a subtle cosmopolitan aspiration. Therefore, it is understood that the book has contributed to renewing the national intellectual thought, which is due to the rescue of regional tradition in consonance with the ideas in vogue in Modernism.

Guided by theoretical and methodological foundations of variationist sociolinguistics, this dissertation aims to describe and analyze the alternation between subject plural first-person pronouns NÓS and A GENTE in the speech of interviewees and the interviewer of the talk show Agora é com Danilo. The corpus contains 407 data of NÓS and A GENTE in the subject function from 19 interviews done with the guests of the television talk show and 228 data of these pronouns in the interviewer's speech. We codify the data from the interviewees according to linguistic (referent determination, parallelism, and subject filling) and social (sex, age, and occupation) factors. We did the same with the interviewer’s data for the linguistic factors. However, for social factors, we codified the data according to the social profile of the interviewees, from the perspective of accommodation to the interlocutor. Then we submit the codification to the statistical program GOLDVARB X to obtain frequencies and relative weights. All linguistic factors were statistically significant for respondents, and, regarding social factors, occupation and sex were significant. NÓS and A GENTE distribution patterns for these factors were similar to patterns observed in investigations carried out in different Brazilian regions.  The significant factors for the talk show host were parallelism and subject filling. There was no evidence of accommodation to the interlocutor. The informal tone of the program could have been the reason for the greater use of A GENTE in the host’s speech, regardless of the interviewee’s social profile.

This work aims to analyze the representation of the narrator’s ideological composition in the short story The ones who walk away from Omelas, part of the collection The wind’s twelve corners¸by the American writer Ursula K. Le Guin in order to comprehend to what extent the analyzed text contains a transition between the concepts of utopia and dystopia, how the narrative builds an utopic proposal, and by what mean the žižekian view on the Real may contribute to the leguinian studies. To do so, analyses are performed regarding the concept of ideology as seen from the dialogical perspective, ideologically neutral and given valor only when connected to the speeches of social life. The research also makes use of the Circle’s concepts of author-creator, double-voiced discourse, and utterance in order to better comprehend the literary writing process as materializing ideologies from the live social world. We dialogue these concepts with the psychoanalytic studies of the Slavic philosopher Slavoj Žižek. The Slavic author has ideology as a similar concept to the lacanian Symbolic, a layer of distortion on one’s perception of the Real. Although both theories come from distinct areas of knowledge and different premises, through Žižek’s “parallax vision” method it is possible to attain perspective that contains mutually exclusive points of view. Thus, it allows for a better comprehension of how two different theories are similar and or not, an understanding that would otherwise be impossible. Through this understanding one may trace a more complete reading of the literary object. The analysis exposes through the dialogical mechanisms the manner through which the narrator’s discourses are constructed with the objective of dialoguing with the discourses from social life present in the presumed reader. The žižekian perspective elucidates how this ideological connection deals with the perception of utopia as non-existing in the realm of the Real and dystopia as a passion for the Real.

Monsieur Pain and Amuleto represent two distinct points in Roberto Bolaño's work: the first is set in Paris in 1938, about to be invaded by Nazi Germany, and the second, a novel that arises from a larger work and takes place in the year 1968, set in Mexico City, on the day the UNAM was invaded by the Mexican army. Even so, without any direct connection, the novels can be taken as starting points for a reflection that is tensioned throughout the author's work: the fragment as the raw material of violence. In this way, this paper aims to analyze how the Chilean author's work, emphasizing these two novels, outlines these contours between a fractal form and the continuity of violence in the twentieth century, without imposing direct opposition, but using the fictionalization of experiences as a mediator of a historical understanding of the loss of meaning in late modernity by overcoming contradictory elements in this compositional process. Thus, to develop this reflection we start with authors such as Theodor W. Adorno, Idelber Avelar, Walter Benjamin, Bolívar Echeverría, Jeanne Marie Gagnebin, Juan José Saer, and Paul Ricouer, to develop an ethical and aesthetic reflection on how the so-called western "progress" leads us to this point of tension and rupture that becomes an ethos of late modernity and, in a second moment, to understand how both works absorb these discussions propelling these fictional voices to the "limit" of a representation of the barbarity of history.

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The present work aims to understand the conceptions about the work of the professional of
Portuguese that anchor the responsive acts of trainee students when confronted with the
school sphere as future Portuguese language teachers and to propose a pedagogical work
for teacher educators from narrative vignettes . Situated in the field of Critical Applied
Linguistics (MOITA LOPES, 2006; SIGNORINI, 2006; PENNYCOOK, 2006;
RAJAGOPALAN, 2006), we are anchored in the postulations of the Bakhtin Circle about
the Responsible Act, the Utterance, Dialogical Relations, Social Voices and the Chronotope
(BAKHTIN, 2003[1924], 2010[1919], 2015; VOLOSHINOV, 2017). In order to broaden
the understanding of the object of study, we assume the perspective of training that stands
as a liberating critique (FREIRE, 1974[2018]; 1992; 1996; HOOKS; 2013) within a
Decolonial perspective (MIGNOLO, SANTOS, QUIJANO, WALSH, 2013). In order to
fulfill the objectives of this work and respond to such demands, we work with an
interpretative qualitative perspective of doing research (FLICK, 2009), specifically
assuming the documental research procedure (GUBA & LINCOLN, 1981), based on the
use of narratives as a record of experience (CLANDININ AND CONNELY, 2000). Our
corpus is composed of 18 narrative vignettes (MODL & BIAVATI, 2016), produced by 9
students in the Supervised Teacher Training Internship for Elementary School, in the first
semester of 2019, of which 9 refer to the period of observation of the internship and 9 at the
time of conducting performed by the interns. To fulfill the first objective, we used the
vignettes related to the observation period. For the second, we worked with the 18
narratives. Thus, understanding the internship as a socio-professional in-between
(REICHMANN, 2012, 2014, 2015), from the reading and analysis of the eight observation
vignettes of the internship, five chronotopes emerged, namely: i) chronotope of
entry/arrival at school, ii) chronotope of the courtyard, iii) chronotope of the teachers'
room, iv) chronotope of the corridor, v) chronotope of the class. In them, different voices
are mobilized to build a negative position about the different practices experienced and
observed at school and also about the school environment. There are also different dialogic
relationships in these spaces-time, the majority being of control, hierarchy and automatism,
especially in the chronotope of the classroom. In view of these results, we deem it
necessary to build a didactic proposal that would provide critical reflections on the work of
the Portuguese language teacher. For this, we increased the number of narrative vignettes to
18, in order to contemplate a greater diversity of themes and questions, which emerged
from the narratives themselves, referring to the teaching work. Thus, based on the need to
think about practices in training that take the concrete reality of the school and have the
teacher's work as their core, this pedagogical material presents 18 didactic proposals, each
one organized into 4 moments: i) exploration of knowledge on the topic, ii) reading and
understanding comp the narrative vignette, iii) reflecting on the relationship between
topics/content of training and professional practice, iv) encouraging the textual production
of a discursive genre related to professional practice. In view of this, two are the main gains
of this thesis: a) to place as central the process of listening to the voice of students in
training with regard to professional practice and, from this listening, b) to provide teachers
who train Portuguese teachers with material inspiring for the construction of practices more
anchored in the concrete reality of the profession.

This research originates from a study carried out on the occasion of the implementation of a fundamental model for the management of full-time schools in the public education network of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, namely: Escola da Escolha Model. The thesis’s general objective is the analysis of the discourses that conceive and guide the subjects of the Escola da Escolha. To this end, the research is based on a corpus of documentary and empirical analysis that brought together, on the one hand, the book named Introduction to Theoretical and Methodological Basis of the Escola da Escolha Model, which lays the foundations for the implementation of this model and, on the other hand, the questionnaires applied to the teaching staff and students of a state public school, located in Natal/RN, chosen, at first, as a pilot for the implementation of the project and, later, for the research locus of this study. From the methodological point of view this research is supported by a qualitative and interpretative analysis of data in the interface with the indiciary paradigm. It is set in the scope of the Human Sciences and the field of Applied Linguistics, whose heteroscientific nature demonstrate its inter/transdisciplinary aspects to find an echo in the practical questions of social life, in a specific socio-historical context under which this study, as an act, is carried out. Therefore, we seek to establish a bridge between the institutional discourses of the Escola da Escolha and its interlocutors – the target audience of this work – to whom they are intended: teachers and students. The research makes use of documentary and empirical statements in order to build a theoretical-methodological architecture, whose scope is covered by Bakhtinian philosophy, notably with regard to the conception of language, subject, dialogic relations, social voices, ideological sign, concrete utterance and ethical act. These concepts intertwine and engage in a fruitful dialogue with contemporary scholars, thinkers and philosophers in the field of Cultural Studies. Thus, our specific goals have been determined as follows: 1 to identify the social voices that are manifested in the guiding discourses of the Escola da Escolha; 2 to understand those social voices, from the point of view of ethics, responsiveness and responsibility; 3 to analyze the stands of teachers and students, in view of the implementation of the Escola da Escolha model; and, finally, 4 to determine the meanings and values attributed to the Escola da Escolha by its teachers and students. The results of the data analysis point to a discursive-ideological dissonance between what the Escola da Escolha model conceives and what the subjects, for whom these discourses are directed, actually experience in their school routine. Under the bias of the monologizing formative discourse of this model, the voices of the teachers arise in the denunciation of not having been heard, at the time of its implementation. From this perspective, there is still a clear lack of identification between the model's name and the meanings and values that it evokes in its target audience, especially due to the minimal possibility of choices for some, or the total absence of choices for others. Thus, these results are in accordance with the thesis that concrete utterances that circulate in different discursive spheres can reveal subjects and produce new identities.

The present work aims to understand the language policies aimed at the Deaf community, in the context of Brazil and Turkey, and their contributions to the recognition of the answers offered , for such linguistic planning, for the demands of the social life of deaf subjects. Among the motivations that led us to cross the semantic and axiological perspectives of the Turkish deaf community is the following scenario: although Turkey is a transcontinental country (located between Europe and Asia), its location does not guarantee the escape from being classified in the South side, peripheral, in the abyssal line of knowledge (SANTOS, 2009). In this way, we invited the sign language peoples of Turkey and Brazil to dialogue between “two different worlds” so that we could look at ourselves with the eyes of another culture, according to Bakhtin (2011). In order to do so, our discussions, our theoretical-methodological lenses, were adjusted based on the unlearning and indiscipline of Applied Linguistics, on Bakhtin's and Circle's conception of language, on Deaf Studies and on Linguistic Policies crossed by the Theory of Linguistic Law. That said, we chose eleven Brazilian legal-linguistic documents (2000-2016) and five Turkish legislations (2005-2019) focused on sign languages and, therefore, on deaf communities as the corpus of our research. After comparing the jurisprudence mentioned above, we evoke the social voices of the deaf through metaphors belonging to documentaries and books that have the axiological positioning of the deaf person as a center of value. In the context of our research, four research categories emerged, namely: (1) otherness and social voices: the flight of the seagull; (2) discursive forces: a walking ear or a talking body?; (3) the chronotope of struggle in implicit and explicit language policies and, finally, (4) Heteroscience: “die of laughter: alternation and renewal”. We observed that the surplus of vision made it possible to distance ourselves from what we already know (linguistic policies aimed at Brazilian deaf people), to appreciate the cultural value of existing outside of myself by questioning the other (linguistic planning for Turkish deaf people) and finding alternatives for dialogical and axiological responses that transgress our own experience. Therefore, when we become others with the provisional finish reflected and refracted by the cognizant pupil of another, the possibility of seeing locally (Brazil) what has not yet been seen is enhanced, and/or thinking differently about the “categories of our own life".

The work Inferno, by Carlos Lloró, in its volumes Kounboum (2009) and Cinis Cinerum (2012), appropriates the labyrinth, in its formal and symbolic characteristics.As a form, by textually simulating the twisted meander and its structural complexity; as a symbol, insofar as it gives a transcendent experience of chaos and literary writing.In this way, this study analyzes the transposition of the labyrinth as a form and symbol in the work of Carlos Lloró. The methodology consisted of establishing the morphology and symbolism of the labyrinth in order to situate its transmission from myths, literary, religious and philosophical texts (integrating a diversified bibliographic reference, capable of providing a broad view of the issue).As a result, we observed the labyrinth objectified in three aspects: in the construction and constitution of authorship; in the treatment of the fantastic and its relationship with oneirism; and in the procedures of literary writing, used and thematized in the text.

The object of this doctoral thesis is to study the short stories of the writer born in Rio de Janeiro, Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto, through a literary analysis from a new theoretical perspective, the nomadism. However, since the second half of the 20th century, Lima Barreto's writing has been treated according to more sociological than literary criteria, that is, the researches on his works have focused on thematic aspects, especially those of contemporaneity, such as racial, social, cultural and representational issues. In this sense, the main objective of this thesis is to identify, by means of the short story textual genre, that it is not possible to understand Lima Barreto's production as engaged with specific themes, but as a writing in permanent transit, situated in between places, or characterized by a nomadic writing. Regarding the problematic of nomadism, we used the conceptual precepts of Flusser (2003, 2007); regarding the critical and theoretical fortune on the works of Lima Barreto, we used, as main discursive propositions, Barbosa (2002), Schwarcz (2017), Oakley (2011), and Figueiredo (2017); As for the specificity of the textual genre, this work has Gotlib (2006) and Cortázar (2006) as theoretical support; Regarding the narrative, the theoretical support uses Candido (2004) about the function of literature and Adorno (2012) about the artist as representative. The research is qualitative in nature since it dwells on the analysis of aesthetic categories - such as the types of discourses and language employed - and cultural categories, such as the experience of subjectivity and the writer's function, which permeate the selected texts. The short stories used were published between 1915 and 1922, the time of Lima Barreto's greatest production and participation in magazines, newspapers and books. The short stories were produced in the political, social and cultural context of the belle époque carioca and present leitmotif themes in which it is possible to compare them in order to show to what extent there is engagement with art - which would be proper of the nomadic gesture - or with social demands. The hypothesis of this thesis is that Lima Barreto's writing is in movement, that is, it breaks with the usual as a form of criticism, at the same time that it tries to be part of that which is the object of its criticism. This paradoxical movement is explained by Flusser's (2003, 2007) nomadism, which starts from the premise that there are no eternal values in humanity, but mutable functions. And this is what Barreto does throughout his production, either to get into the Brazilian Academy of Letters or to live off the glory of letters, as the writer used to say. However, Lima Barreto does it consciously and guided by his idealization of the writer's and the literature's function, in which he believed that only through art it was possible to overcome the limitations imposed by the several prejudices.

In the 1920s, Luís da Câmara Cascudo was part of a prominent circuit of intellectual sociability that brought Brazilians and Argentines together in a movement that, through literature, covered paths for the affirmation of a Latin American political, artistic and cultural identity. Adding to the efforts of authors such as Monteiro Lobato, Mario de Andrade, Ronald de Carvalho among others, the author from Rio Grande do Norte became an important interlocutor in the journeys of ideas, goods and values through which artists and intellectuals in Brazil and Argentina aspired to a cultural development guided by mutual knowledge and the construction of understandings within the continent itself. These data are part of the records of the master's research “Câmara Cascudo and intellectual Argentina: a darnel in the Latin American harvest” (MEDEIROS, 2016), presented to the Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos da Linguagem (PPgEL/UFRN), which reconstituted the itinerary of the author's approach to the platina cultural scene, distinguishing his role as receiver, disseminator and mediator of literary productions between the aforementioned cultural matrices. From the research documentary expansion and the need to delimit a new study object, this thesis fulfills another stage of revisions and discussions in the field of these mobilities, proposing an analytical reading of the correspondence between Câmara Cascudo and Robert Lehmann-Nitsche, which took place in the 1920s and 1930s. Settling in Argentina between 1897 and 1930, where he developed his main function as director of the Anthropology Department of the Museo de La Plata, the German ethnologist was one of the most relevant researchers of the popular traditions and folklore of that country, acting as an important intermediary in the import and export cultural processes of goods between Europe and South America. The dialogue between the two authors, carried out in a intense circulation context of ideas in Latin America at the beginning of the 20th century, is testimony to a dynamic of spirit, transversal to borders, through which artists and intellectuals sought to understand national issues through the regional element. Situated in this time-space, this study is linked to the new perspectives of comparative literature and Latin American Literary historiography (CANDIDO, RAMA, NITRINI, COUTINHO, PIZARRO, PERRONE-MOISÉS) which, since the 1960s, point to the need for decolonization and the construction of one's own analysis and interpretation. Given the transdisciplinary nature of comparative studies, this research also seeks theoretical-methodological guidelines in the Intellectual History  (DOSSE, COSTA) and in the area of Cultural Transfers (ESPAGNE, RODRIGUES), in order to suggest a characterization of mediation processes, taking as based on the detailed actions of Luís Câmara Cascudo as a “passeur culturel” in the evidenced context.

Literature, Communication and Translation student, professor, poet and literary critic, Ana Cristina Cesar is cited as one of the important names of Brazilian marginal poetry of the 1970’s. Many of the critics who studied her works pointed how different they were from the poetry that was being developed at the time and noticed a restless and productive thought on literature. Considering the singular place of works such as A teus pés (CESAR, 1999) and Crítica e tradução (CESAR, 1998), this research aims to investigate the construction of a critic poetry in Cesar’s works, from negotiations, displacements and transcreations in dialogues performed with the so-called “modern tradition” (PAZ, 2013) and the proposals of the mimeograph generation. This investigation includes the identification of correlations and contradictions between the generational discourse, the critic discourse, and the way the poems of the main poets of this generation are presented. The analysis of conceptual and poetic appropriations carried out by Ana C. for the construction of markedly metalinguistic texts and the shattering of constituted areas of knowledge, Literature Theory being one of them, are also part of this study. Through the construction of a hybrid poetic, in what regards the form of presentation, and of a fundamentally critic text, be it written in the form of poetry or of an essay, the work of Cesar brings important reflections regarding the classificatory potential of discursive systems, the limits between experience and language and the restrictions of lyricism in contemporaneity. It is possible to observe in the analyzed works: the work with genres considered non-literary, such as letters and diaries, in order to deconstruct limiting perspectives about what can be understood for an “I” writing; the wearing of lyricism through metalanguage, irony and poetic pretense; the transcreation of poetry through composition from the voices of other poets and fragments of the individual and historic experience; the reinvention of the critic text from strategies of fictionalization, fragmentation and construction. All the adopted proceedings showed an indissociability between poetry, critic and translation in Ana Cristina Cesar works, that were able to bring issues that are still fundamental in regard to the Literary institution and the act of writing itself.

This doctoral research focuses on online fanfic communities, their way of functioning
and products, as well as on their relationships with the cultural practices of fans and with
cyberculture, which largely shape the ways in which we create, store and disseminate
knowledge, culture and memory nowadays. Here, I advance in exploring this culture
from a macroscopic point of view, through the observation of an internal, controversial
and certainly curious phenomenon inherent to fanfic communities: the Omegaverse.
Omegaverse is a fictional universe or fictional trope that emerged within fanfic
communities, created, used, expanded, and disputed by fans of various media fandoms
in recent decades. Its archaica merges with the emergence of media fandom itself, in
the Star Trek slash, and ramifies into a fusion of diverse references and
experimentation, from its stabilization and complexity in more recent fandoms. This trope
has become the center of several discussions and controversies, not only within the fan
movement itself, around disputes over representations of body, gender and sexuality,
but also in the pages of the New York Times, in a legal dispute over copyright, bursting
the bubble of the fan universe and gaining space for discussion in the mainstream
media. The objective of the present work is to understand the Omegaverse as a
dialogical product of fanfic communities and to observe the chorus of voices and the
discursive arena that constitutes critical production in fandoms, within the participatory
logic, both in the virtual environment and in the academic environment, to where aca
fans often lead these discussions. Starting from the theoretical-methodological
contribution of the Bakhtin Circle, also supported by studies on fan culture and fanfic, I
undertake the investigation through the collation of texts and the evidentiary method. I
use as corpus of analysis two articles in wiki format, specifically those from Wikipedia
(2022) and Fanlore (2022), which describe the universe, in addition to the academic
production of fans currently published around the trope and its issues, referenced in the
respective articles. The results point to the expression of the Omegaverse in its relations
with an archaica mainly characterized by science fiction from the 70's and 80's, notably
focused on issues of body, gender and sexuality tested to their imaginative limits; its role
in the production of ambivalent meanings within the fan movement, sometimes refracting
and in open dispute with sexist meanings that cross our society, sometimes reproducing
them: which does not go unnoticed by the fan community, especially a significant part of
this community composed of feminist women willing to contest such meanings.

Ressemantization and Edition: The Rewriting of Walter Benjamin's Passagen-Werk in the Brazilian Translation Passagens has the Brazilian translation of Walter Benjamin's (1892-1940) work Das Passagen-Werk, entitled Passagens as object of study, the work organized and published by the Germanist Willi Bolle in 2006. The focus of interest is the analysis of the text-context relationship in the translation/editorial apparatus of the translation and how these choices will resemanticize the work in the new cultural context opening space for new readings of this unfinished work of Benjamin. The basis of the Brazilian translation is the historical-critical edition of the set of Benjamin texts and fragments by Rolf Tiedemann in 1982. The discovery of new manuscripts by Giorgio Agamben in 1981 raised questions about Tiedemann's edition since the mid-1980s. From the questions raised by ESPAGNE and WERNER (1984,1987,1989) the resessemantization of the translated artifact became a form of rewriting the edition of the source text into a new edition in the target text (LEFEVERE, 2007). To show this dialogue between ressemantization and editing we analyze the texts and paratexts (GENETTE, 2012) because in Passagens the latter have the function of rewriting the Benjaminian text in the new cultural context. We partially use the descriptive translation model of TOURY(2012), the systematization of Specific Cultural Items of AIXELÁ (2003), as well as taking into account the visibility and invisibility of the translator of VENUTI, (2019) and the discourse on historical-critical editing of NUTT-KOFOTH ( 2016), to analyze text and paratexts of the Brazilian translation from the vise of the concept of cultural transfers (ESPAGNE 2012; 2017). Of specific interest are the processes of resemantization and metamorphosis. Despite the evident link between Passagen-Werk, the souce-text, and Passagens, the target-text, the translation distances itself from this by omitting a significant part of the editorial apparatus and adding new paratexts, creating Passagens as a new original that allows a different reading of these fragments. However, this print edition also promotes a new form of paradox in Cultural Transfer (JORGENSEN, LÜSEBRINK, 2021): Passagens offers two contradictory positions about the book's conception in the same edition. On the one hand, the Brazilian edition treats the fragments of Benjaminin’s Notas e Materiais as a large archive of fragments (BOLLE, 2017). On the other hand, the Benjaminian conception of open reading suggests a new way of reading fragments for which the book format is no longer a sufficient vehicle (BENJAMIN, 2012) and in which other methods of knowledge production such as Niklas Luhmann's Zettelkasten [Notes Box] (1981) must be introduced. In the face of this Benjaminian textual and paratextual complexity we offer with our research also a new way of open reading of Brazilian translation, taking into consideration the world of hybrid scholarly editions totally transformed by the digital revolution (KRAFT, 2021). It opens new paths for editing and resemanticizing of Passagens in a digital medium. Therefore, the appendix of the present research also offers an experimental model of possible cultural editing and translation in the broadest possible sense, and may provoke a way to create greater engagement of contemporary Portuguese-speaking readers of this work and possibly also open new Passagens for the use of Benjamin in the Brazilian classroom context.

At the middle of eroticism and its derives – namely, death, literary and sacred writing –,
integrated into the autonomous space of literature, the object of this research is based:
the novel Avalovara (1973), by Osman Lins. Assuming that eroticism reveals itself as a
founding and cosmogonic force in the work, and that the sacred, death and literary
writing are bound to it, we will consider that the force of Eros puts the closed system of
servility to the test. These aspects related to eroticism are named by us as “derives”,
because derive represents the evolution of an initial object, and is capable of designate
precisely the intertwining between eroticism and the aspects listed by us. We will then
investigate how eroticism and its derives are configured and wattled, as a waste of
passions, considers that eroticism founds new organic possibilities in the text and the
desire and voluptuousness of language indicate unsuspected prominences and fictional
aspects and even fantastics. Therefore, we start from the point that "mystique and
eroticism are silent experiences, which only find an expressive correlate in literature."
(PELLEJERO, 2011, p. 224). The political dimension of the erotic will be considered in
this thesis, as Eros also sugests the transgression of interdicts proclaimed by the
censorship that compose the context in which the work is inserted. As a theoretical
basis, we will primarily use the essay work by Osman Lins (which casts light on his
fiction), The eroticism (1957), by Georges Bataille, as well as his Literature and evil
(1957), in addition to other relevant authors for our theoretical debate, such as Maurice
Blanchot (2011), Jean-Paul Sartre (2004), Severo Sarduy (1979), Roland Barthes (2004)
and Octavio Paz (1995). With our analysis, furthermore to investigating the contribution
of eroticism to new narrative possibilities, we intend to elucidate and consider relevant
aspects of the Pernambuco author's prose, as well as trends and processes dear to
contemporary literature. There are vivid aspects for understanding Lins work and also
literature as an autonomous space, as well Georges Bataille wanted, to be investigated
in this thesis. Therefore, we are interested in thinking about eroticism and its derives in
his non-submission to the weight of the instructions of the external world, as the desire
not to agree with the established order is evident throughout the work.

This research aims to compare the works The Alphabet of Ben Sira and Medea, by Euripides, elucidating the nightmare-woman archetype of patriarchal civilization in literature. This nightmare-woman archetype carries several characteristics, which can be cruel, lustful, infanticidal and even divine. That said, we can analyze the mythological narratives by identifying the profiles of the transgressing woman of the patriarchy, while it is contrasted and reaffirmed in the body and life of the historical character Dora Vivacqua, in the skin of Luz del Fuego described in the work Luz del Fuego: The people's dancer (1994). Arranged in three chapters, the text has comparative perspectives based on the theoretical discussions of Gerda Lerner (2019), Monique Wittig (2006), Rosie Marie Muraro (1997), Pierre Bourdieu (2012) and Jean Delumeau (2001) to understand the history of the patriarchal system, its mechanisms, tools and discourses. Regarding the theory of mythologies, we have Joseph Campbell and Bill Moyers (1990), Martha Robles (2006) Robert Graves and Raphael Patai (2018), among others. Through the theories that are interweave in literary narratives, it is clear that literature speaks of the society where it takes shape; it can be both descriptive and prescriptive. Thus, we understand that women mythological like Medea and Lilith, and real like Luz del Fuego, walk both ways, as the literature describes them because they existed – even if it is in the form of a myth – and prescribes them so that they do not re-exist, due to antagonism that they provoke, oscillating between fascination and dread.

João Guimarães Rosa’s literary output has given rise to innumerable actions and events in national or international literary circles, such as meetings, seminars, lectures, and several literary projects, reports, in addition to a vast and relevant academic and editorial production. His work supports the development of studies in different areas and promotes the interdisciplinary dialogue between them, namely, theory and literary criticism, cultural studies, philosophy, psychology, history, and linguistics, for example. There have been important intersemiotic translations to his best known and most appreciated tales in the artistic universe of music, cinema, and television. In this context, special attention is given to his world-renowned masterpiece, translated into several languages: the novel Grande Sertão: Veredas [The devil to pay in the backlands] (ROSA, 2001). This work, as well as his short stories, has also become the object of translation to different artistic adaptations. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century it was given a place in the universe of comics, with the explosion of these artistic objects in the Brazilian publishing market. In an era of enormous exploration of technological means and processes of communication and information, such as social media, the primacy of the verbal-visual utterance comes to prominence (BRAIT, 2013) as a new proposal for literacy and artistic-literary possibilities. In this dialogue between the verbal and the visual, forming a verbo-visual unity in graphic adaptation, the fundamental theoretical studies of Brait (2009; 2013; 2014), Ramos (2019), McCloud (1993; 2005), Eisner (2010) have become essential for the establishment of an interdiscursive and intersemiotic dialogue between Rosa’s text (2001) and the graphic novel by Guazzelli Filho (2016). Based on theoretical-literary and language studies grounded in Bakhtinian texts (BAKHTIN, 2010; 2011; 2016 ; 2018b), it is possible to extend the full understanding of his theoretical investigations to different forms of artistic language and expression, in addition to the importance of the concept of chronotope to the process and finishing of these forms and expressions. This understanding guided the analytical activity of our research, with the perception and unfolding of chronotopic categories in the plot of the novel, namely, the chronotope of the geographical backlands and the chronotope of the ideological backlands, and of how the process of their respective transpositions from the strictly verbal to the verbal-visual interpretation occurs in the adapted work. Therefore, we analyzed how the chronotope is represented verbally and visually in those same categories, that is, the backlands chronotopically observed in the geographic as well as in the ideological realm. In this process, excerpts from the aforementioned graphic novel that support our investigation were selected in both the first and second aspects; however, in the latter, our analysis took place around two relevant moments in the novel, transposed to the adaptation, due to the tense and creative value they contain, namely, the demonic pact in Veredas Mortas [Dead Streams] and the crossing by Liso do Sussuarão [Sussuarão Desert]. Thus, we analyzed the chronotopic unfolding, according to the theoretical framework, in each of the selected images and, whenever possible or appropriate, both in its presence and absence, through the following elements: the chromatic and achromatic sensations produced, that is, the role of colors; framing (gutter, gap, line, and view plane); and the verbal-visual elements of the linguistic composition (lettering, text, and balloons). We then came to understand the possibilities, transformations and difficulties measured in the research results, concluding that the adaptation was able to respond to architectural and compositional projects (BAKHTIN, 2010) in the transposition of the source literary work in a satisfactory way.

Society plays a fundamental role in the way the works are thought out and produced and establishes important relations with the production of the works and the ways they are read in their time and later, from their ideological positions. In this perspective, this thesis aims to discuss the dialogical / ideological relations between the novels Les Choses, published in 1965 by Georges Perec, and O Desejo de Kianda published in 1996 by Pepetela. We analyzed these novels, trying to understand how the protagonists act responsively in relation to the discourses and ideological systems that are represented in the literary works. To this end, our analysis was based on concepts from the Bakhtin Circle, out of which we highlight heterodiscourse in Bakhtin (2017c) and ideology in Volóchinov (2017 and 2019) and Bakhtin (2019), in dialogue with discussions about the idea of ideology from the Marxist tradition and consciousness and ideology in Marx (2008) and Marx and Engels (2007). As keys of analysis we observe the acceptance / submission of ideological discourses by the protagonists, their questioning and / or partial acceptance, and, finally, their denial / rejection. With this analysis, we perceived the existing similarities between the selected novels that, although temporally and geographically separated, share discourses and similar ideological systems. Furthermore, the responsive actions of the characters in both works, in addition to reflecting and refracting the societies in which they were produced, being a means to better understand them, also demonstrated the difficulty in opposing the dominant ideological forces, but opened the door to their being questioned or even contested. Thus, we realized that through foreign literature, actions to understand works of national literature can be discussed (BAKHTIN, 2017a).

A series of studies conducted in the early 2000s reported evidence suggesting that specific lexical
items and some of their features (e.g., word form and grammatical gender) could be predicted
during language comprehension (DELONG et al., 2005; VAN BERKUM et al., 2005). These
studies mainly reported evidence from electroencephalography experiments, but the work
conducted in Dutch by Van Berkum and colleagues (2005) included a self-paced reading
experiment, in which the authors found larger reading times for sentences containing nouns that
were unlikely in context, but still plausible. Such effect was registered before the presentation of
the critical nouns themselves in the sentences, making it impossible to attribute the difference in
reading times to explanations other than prediction. The words that triggered the reported finding
in the Dutch study were adjectives, all of which preceded the critical noun they modified and were
inflected for gender to show agreement with it. Exploring the same morphosyntactic property, we
conducted a self-paced reading experiment with 339 participants who had Brazilian Portuguese
(BP) as a first language. Our objective was to investigate whether grammatical gender cues can be
used to make predictions during language comprehension, thus generating effects such as the ones
previously reported in the literature. To do so, we created 20 experimental items that comprised
two sentences: in the first, a simple situation was introduced (e.g., “The couple looked at the
restaurant menu until they could make up their minds”); in the second, the situation unfolded either
in a way that was likely (e.g., “They then called the waitress, who wrote down the long and detailed
order on her pad”) or unlikely (e.g., “They then called the waitress, who wrote down the long and
detailed note on her pad”). The key difference is that the critical nouns in the second sentence
(‘order’ vs. ‘note’) always had different grammatical genders in BP, which were marked in the
preceding adjectives (‘long’ and ‘detailed’). If gender cues do trigger prediction effects, larger
reading times were to be expected in the unlikely condition, both for the critical noun and the words
that preceded it. Our results, however, indicated clear differences between conditions only in the
critical nouns’ reading times. A statistically significant difference in preceding words was only
observed when reading times were analyzed in their raw distribution, without logarithmic
transformation.

In this research, biblical texts found in the synoptic gospels of Matthew and Luke are analyzed, considering common events narrated by these two authors. This study focuses on inquiring into the syntactic-semantic choices made by each narrator and seeks to interpret the different discursive constructions shown by the evangelists in accomplishing their texts. Although considered synoptic (which means “same vision” gospels), the aforementioned Gospels are believed to bear their author’s hallmarks, which bring different meanings in specific “co(n)texts”, and this can be noticed in the way their writers choose to present a certain character. This research is based on the textual linguistic postulates by Koch (2015, 2016, 2018) and Marcuschi (2008, 2012); with a special focus on Adam’s studies of Textual Discourse Analysis (2008, 2018, 2019) and on Rabatel’s theory (2009, 2016, 2019) on points of view. Therefore, textual analysis made in this dissertation seeks to identify different points of view presented in the Gospel narratives in order to discover whether they can be used as signs for an interpretation of a psychosocial and cultural reality of the authors/enunciators. The concept of discursive representations, conceived by Adam (2008) and discussed by Rodrigues (2014), Rodrigues et al. (2010, 2012) and Passeggi (2001), was also added to this research to allow a (re)construction of significant discursive representations of the semantic universe of the evangelists. The analyses reveal that, despite depicting the same events, evangelists elicit, through active characters, different points of view in their texts, which corroborate for the construction of several discursive images that can disclose a lot of the Gospel narrative universe. Luke’s narrative, for example, when compared to that of Matthew, provides quiet a greater visibility to women’s point of view, when they are present in the narrative, emphasizing their perspective. Furthermore, his narrative promotes the construction of the representation of the Messiah based on his strength and his humanity. Matthew’s narrative, on the other hand, unveils a representation of the opponents to Jesus’ mission as weak enemies before the Messiah’s strength, and this is done by attributing negative semantic traits to them. The textual and discursive analysis of the synoptic Gospels, in accordance with the theoretical grounds in this dissertation, works with a broad and complex object, which is totally useful for an approach that treats the Bible mostly as a text, but nevertheless respects the symbolic importance of the Sacred Scripture.

This reseach has aim to ivestigate how the reception of the book “As serpentes que roubaram a noite e outros mitos" (2011), writen by indigenous author Daniel Munduruku, has given by a group compounded by three participantes, teenagers between 14 to 16 years old, they are students of 8th grade from public school in Extremoz-RN. The action reaseach of qualitative studies had as steps the retelling of myths read before and after the discution of the book with the students in a conversation wheel. This academic work was based, principally, in Brazilian law n° 11.645/2008 that imposes the teaching of african’s, afro-brazilian’s and indigenous’ history and in the Bazilian National Curriculum Basis (BNCC) conduct that the develpoment of habilites to telling and retelling stories in the Ending years of the Elementary School. As theorical contributions, we considered the researchers of storytelling such as Paul Zumthor (1997, 2014), Cléo Busatto (2006), Eliana Yunes (2012) and Élie Bajárd (2016), the last one with the concept of retelling, which is central to this research and talk about of a methodology that goes to meet the oral tradition and the reconstruction of the reading. To reflect about the indigenous literature, this reseach has based on Janice Thiél (2012, 2013, 2016) and Maria Inês de Almeida e Sônia Queiroz (2004). The understanding of myth and indigenous mythologies are approached considering the works of anthropologist Cláude Levi-Strauss (1978) and mythologists Mircea Eliade (1972), Joseph Campbell (1990) and indigenous intellectuals Daniel Munduruku (2008, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019) and Ailton Krenak (2019). During the analysis of the retelling, we interpreted the data considering the Theoretical from Reader-response of Hans Robert Jauss (1994) and Bordini e Aguiar (1993) and we had the following results: the meanings given by the participants to the myths were influenced by their previous knowledge of indigenous culture, their horizons of expectation and the differences between the reader’s and  book’s historical horizons, provoking a strangeness to some of the cultural aspects, as the non-recognition about the spirituality of supernatural beings. The Conversation wheel possibilited to the readers that express themselves about their inquietations and to they build knowledge about the myths across the researcher’s mediation.

Guinea Bissau is a small West african nation whose official language is Portuguese, and consequently it is the only language of instruction in a context in which more than 20 ethnic languages are spoken and Creole, which has the status of unity language national in the country. Since its officialization, the teaching of Portuguese has been one of the issues discussed, due to the fact that the Portuguese language is not part of the Guinean reality, as it is not the mother tongue of many Guineans and is not spoken on a daily basis. Therefore, in this work, we seek to investigate, from the textbooks Histórias dos avós, the teaching of the Portuguese language in the context of the linguistic diversity of Guinea-Bissau to, from there, suggest an activity proposal for Portuguese classes in Basic Education , specifically for 4th grade students. In order to carry out this documentary investigation with a quantitative-qualitative approach, we carried out an analysis of two textbooks entitled Histórias dos Avós (reading book and exercise book), which guide Portuguese classes aimed at 4th grade students. For that, we had as theoretical contributions the works of Couto & Embaló (2010) and Freire & Guimarães (2011), which discuss the situation of the Portuguese language in Guinea-Bissau, its officialization and its confrontation with the Creole language, which continues to gain space increasingly, and ethnic languages, which are also spoken daily in the country. When dealing with the teaching of Portuguese in a context of multiple languages, we draw on the writings of Baldé (2013) and Ntchala Cá and Rúbio (2019); still, we started from Antunes (2003) to discuss the activities present in the two books. The results of our analysis show that, in terms of reading, the didactic material Histórias dos avós are contextualized, because they bring texts, illustrations and stories that are part of Guinean reality and that are told from generation to generation; however, they are materials whose focus is centered on normative grammar. Thus, analyzing these teaching materials, we clearly notice that the teaching of Portuguese in Guinea-Bissau still leaves much to be desired, as it is based on the traditional perspective, taking normative grammar as the center of pedagogical activities; and, in this way, it contributes to the silencing of Creole and leaves aside linguistic diversity, principal linguistic characteristic of our country.

The expansion of access to digital technologies favors the development of increasingly rapid and global communication in the different spheres of human activity. In this context, new discursive genres appear to meet the current demands for social interaction: among them, Pechakucha (PK). To contribute to this reflection, this documentary research, of a qualitative and interpretative nature, takes PK as its object of study. Our general objective is to define PK as a multisemiotic discursive genre and, to achieve it, we have established two specific objectives: a) to identify the multisemiotic aspects of PK and b) to map the rhetorical movements of PK. To accomplish our goals, we base ourselves on the dialogical conception of language and on the discursive genre (BAKHTIN [1929] 2016), as well as on the understanding that the discursive genre is always allied to social action (BAZERMAN, 2011), in literacy studies of a sociocultural nature (KLEIMAN [1995] 2008; TINOCO, 2008; ROJO, 2015) and aspects of multisemiosis (ROJO; BARBOSA, 2015). The data analysis indicates some singularities of the PK regarding the textual, cognitive and social dimensions of this genre, which is by nature multisemiotic. In this analysis, PK's recurrences regarding its rhetorical movements are also evidenced to confirm the Bakhtinian conception of relative dogmatic stability, even though it is such a recent discursive genre.

The adjective has traditionally been used as an adnominal adjunct, modifying the content of a noun, or as a predicative, focusing on the subject or object of the sentence. Although there are already linguistic studies that seek to present other aspects of this lexical class, among them, its contribution in the text, for example, most are limited to describing it in its morphological, syntactic and/or semantic aspects. Therefore, this research has the general objective of analyzing the use of the adjective as an argumentative support in genres of the virtual environment, seeking to show the influence of this class in the argumentative construction of the text. The theoretical contribution is based on North American Functional Linguistics (GIVÓN, 1984; BYBEE, 2010), adding to this the studies on argumentation (GRÁCIO, 2010; FIORIN, 2014), face and politeness (GOFFMAN, 1980), the concept of the orality and scripture continuum (KOCH & OESTEREICHER, 2013), in addition to specific studies on the adjective (SILVA and PRIA, 2001; SILVA, 2019). Regarding the methodological procedures, this work is of a qualitative-interpretative character with quantitative support, with the purpose of verifying frequency of use, regularities and trends in the realization of the argumentative adjective within the analyzed environment. The corpus consists of opinionated texts, in written form, taken from the internet, with 06 (six) genres selected: post, complaint, reader comment, film criticism, editorial and advertisement. This study seeks to cover the plurality of uses of this linguistic category in contexts that have not yet been analyzed and may also contribute to the teaching of this grammatical class in the teaching modalities.

In Zila Mamede's poetic work, the aquatic elements assume a thematic prominence that is sensibly perceptible, whether in the evocation of the sea or in the presence of rivers - droughts or in flood -, dams, rainfall, baths. In this sense, with this research, we aim at analyzing the representations built from the aquatic reference as a thematic mark in selected poems from the first three books of the aforementioned author. Therefore, the study was delimited in three texts that will represent the publications made throughout the 1950s – Rosa de pedra (1953), Salinas (1958) and O arado (1959). Thus, supported by Bachelard (1997), Chevalier and Gheerbrant (2003), we observe the possibilities of the presence of water in readings, as a thematic mark, in the selected corpus; with the support of Adorno (2012) and Candido (2006), we establish relationships between the poetic text and society, considering its production context and the echoes of these works; rescuing the statements of Bosi (1994) and Ricoeur (2007), we underline how memory is a sign constructed from the presence of aquatic elements; guided by Pinheiro (2012), Alves (2006; 2015) and Aquino (2005), we retrieved readings from the work of mamedia, to support our discussion and also expand their voices. The study of the selected poems enabled the perception that the aquatic constituents evoke childhood memories, marks the search for childhood memories, and act as symbols of purification.

The acquisition of oral language occurs spontaneously; learning to read and write, on the other hand, is different. Children need clear and explicit instruction to fully understand and write texts (DEHAENE, 2020). Researchers, such as Berg (2003), Ehri (2005) and Chappell (2009), point out that it is necessary and essential that students have developed phonological and phonemic awareness before the formal instruction of reading takes place. Due to the debate over building a bridge between neuroscience and education, numerous attempts at technological innovation and evidence-based teaching have been made; their goal is to mitigate possible developmental gaps among the students. In order to investigate the relationship between phonemic awareness training and reading fluency, we developed an experimental study with 120 2nd grade children from two different schools - public and private - located in Natal-RN. The participants were 6 to 8 years old and were part of an 8-week intervention. The children were randomly assigned into 3 distinct groups: the intervention group used the educational game GraphoGame, a supporting tool that helps phonemic awareness development during emerging literacy; the active control group used games that do not directly impact the development of any reading competence; and the control group only attended regular classes at school. In all groups, tests were applied before and after the intervention in order to verify the effectiveness of using the educational game. Results show a positive impact of phonemic awareness training on the reading skills of children who participated in the intervention playing GraphoGame.

The conception of the United States of America as a land of wealth and opportunity made the country a destination for immigrants from all over the world, generating diverse communities, as well as literary communities. Considering that the literature science establishes a close relationship with the cultural and social history (BAKHTIN, 2017), we analyze two works from the North American contemporary literature of minority groups, viz., the novels Samba Dreamers (2006), written by Brazilian-American Kathleen de Azevedo, and Ocotillo Dreams (2011), by Mexican-American Melinda Palacio, through the studies of the Bakhtin Circle (Bakhtin, Volóchinov and Medviédev). We confront the process of identity formation of the characters and observe the representation of the border in the work's architecture (BAKHTIN, 2002). The methodology of this bibliographic research is supported by the sociological analysis proposed by Voloshinov (2019) and Bakhtin (2015), in which the analysis starts from the pure verbal essence towards its social significance in the concrete context of the works. Besides the theoretical discussion about identities and borderlands, the results of this comparative/dialogical study evidenced the characters’ identity formation in the experience of a linguistic border, through code-switching, a gender border, represented by the active and dialogical responses of the characters when facing exoticization, and an ancestry border, a dialogic clash between authoritative and internally persuasive discourse, regarding the relationship with their mothers. Such results bring contributions not only to the critical fortune of the works, but also to the social discussions they raise, in addition to the studies of dialogism and literary analysis.

This research presents a study of potiguares tales from the perspective of teaching literature. To this end, tales with correlated themes present in the works Chão dos Simples (2014), by Manoel Onofre Júnior, and Rosa verde amarelou (2014), by Bartolomeu Correia de Melo, are analyzed. The objective is to analyze how the figure of the traditional narrator and the female representation are approached in the tales of the two authors, in order to point out possible ways to work with these narratives in the context of the classroom. In relation to the analysis, firstly, it is observed how the culture of orality is depicted in the tales, from the tradition of telling mythical stories in countryside environments, having as main theoretical support the considerations on orality and narrator by Benjamin (1987), Cascudo (2006) and Zumthor (1997). Then, it analyzes how the construction of female representation takes place, in tales by the two authors, and the destabilisation of male domination resulting from this form of representation. Thus, the analysis is based, above all, on studies by Bourdieu (2005), regarding male domination, and on the concepts of woman-object and woman-subject discussed by Zolin (2009), in addition to the considerations of Delumeau (1989) about for the misogynist vision that was built over time by male society. In this sense, it reflects on the teaching of literature today and its indispensability, from the theoretical discussions of Candido (2011), Compagnon (2009), Todorov (2009), Cosson (2014; 2010), Zilberman (2012) and Jouve (2012), to finally propose methodological teaching suggestions with the analyzed potiguares tales, organized in didactic units. These didactic units are based on the dialogic teaching proposal presented by Cereja (2005) and are based on the presupposition that the literary text should be the core of the teaching of literature, so that this teaching method can consider the reading, literary, and critical training, aware and humanizing of basic education students.

The beginning of Colombian Nobel's career Gabriel García Márquez was marked by the presence of journalism and literature that, in his case, always went hand in hand when the subject is the chronicle. It was in the years 1948 to 1952, that Gabo began his journalistic-literary career, publishing his notes almost daily in Colombian newspapers. They are chronicles that move between journalism and literature, the real and the fictional, and all of them carrying the magic of writing from those who years later would come to be considered one of the fathers of Latin American magical Realism. In this dissertation, which analyzes a selection of these journalistic chronicles published in the book Obra periodística Vol.1: Textos costeños (1991), by the Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez, we intend to analyze how the representation of the characters of his chronicles occurs as a social actor, and to identify, therefore, how the characters in these narratives contribute to the construction of a social and cultural imaginary of Latin American identity. A study based on bibliographic research uses, in addition to the book already mentioned, biographies about the author, Bachelard (1989), Bender and Laurito (1993), Candido (1989, 2011), Chiampi (1980), Cunha (1986), Franco (2004), Hall (2006), Moisés (2004), Moscovici (2015, 1978), Nitrini (2000), Sartre (1999), Soares (2002) and Vivaldi (1986) as a theoretical basis. It is possible to observe that, García Márquez represented his characters based on the observation of people who was part of his daily life and the daily lives of the readers who read him, composing his texts in a way that Candido (2011) calls humanizing literature, one that has the role of making ordinary people feel represented and identify with what is being read. García Márquez, at the beginning of his career, already wrote about his people and for his people, bringing in his narratives the presence of historical events in the identity formation of America about whom / which he writes.

The cordel literature (printed pamphlet), also known in Brazil as northeast literature pamphlet (Brazilian popular literature), among other denomination, with its function, values, necessities, characteristics and history has been theme of studies published in articles, master thesis and doctoral dissertations. In these studies, some discursive cordel literature representations are argumentatively renewed. Thus, in this doctoral phase, we intend to analyze these representations from the argumentative strategies and persuasion mechanisms present in master thesis. We search to find answers to the following questions: a) What linguistic expressions of the examined texts compete to the constructions of those discursive representations of the cordel ? b) What strategies and persuasive mechanisms are used in the construction of those representations? c) What discursive representations of the cordel emerge from texts examined and how are they articulate themselves to unveil the face of the cordel in academic discourse? Based on general objective and in the elaborated questions, we have the following specific objectives: i) identify the linguistic elements that compete to the formation of the discursive representations of the cordel in academic discourse; ii) write about the persuasion mechanisms used by researchers in the processes of construction of those representations and iii) analyze each of the resulting representations of the investigation process of the discourse about the cordel. In order to do this, we have chosen a corpus formed by 65 textual excerpts retrieved from 24 master theses. We gathered 12 groups of discursive representation the analysis. The theoretical base include authors as Abreu (1993; 1999; 2006); Bakhtin (2017); Compagnon (2014); Eagleton (2006); Certeau (1995); Luciano (2012); Oliveira, (2012); Cascudo (1953) and authors who belong to the rhetoric discursive chain, as for example, the rhetoric as Aristóteles (2005; 2016), Perelman & Tyteca (2005) Reboul (2000), Fiorin (2015) among others. Furthermore, we consider Bronkart (1999), Silva (2015) and Bezerril at al (2015). The results point out that the academic discourse describes the cordel as a poetic art which has a popular mark that renew itself and about the mark focuses several looks that are not always favorable. There are also innumerable possibilities of analysis to the theme considering it, in a moment as an instrument of claim social and political, one moment as mean of transmission of educative values useful to the pedagogical processes and so on... There are some who defend for its intrinsic qualities of resistance to the intellectual models nowadays highlighting its capacity to influence the hegemonic literature, the theatre, the cinema and the television. It is, indeed, from this gathering of impressions that the university researchers contribute to construct or renew the discursive representations of cordel. Concerning the argumentation in the discourse, we could realize some similarities in the manner of proceeding argumentatively. It is verified the fact that in the choice of the agreements with the imagined auditorium, in the strategies and argumentative movements of concordance with the thesis that was raised. Analogous process is conceived when the process happens and the denunciative mechanism pragmatics. However, concerning the of some of these discursive representations, the researcher seems less incisive that defend and admitting looks more varied and less assertive, as it happens with some groups of analyzed. With this we tried to contribute with those who value the academic studies around this subject and want to make it clearer the value, the function and the importance of the cordel in Brazil.

This doctoral research focuses on aspects of interactional organization and textualized paraphrastic reformulations by speakers who alternate themselves in discursive coproduction in the context of conciliation court hearings. In legal settings, conciliation court hearings can be defined as oral events, carried out when the concerned parties take part in negotiations towards dispute resolution. In this way, our main objective consists of understanding how participants of an oral event construct textual or discursively such interactions when established in a context guided by specific directives. Thus, our specific objectives were set to identify, describe, analyze and interpret: i) the interactional organization of conciliation court hearings by means of turn dimensioning and factual sequencing; ii) paraphrastic reformulations; iii) formal aspects in the distribution and implementation of the paraphrase in the unraveling of speaker performance in textual reformulations; iv) semantic-functional aspects in the paraphrastic action by means of movements established in the matricial (M) and paraphrased (P) utterance(s). Consequently, and to a greater extent based on assumptions from Conversation Analysis and Text Linguistics, we sought to establish an understanding surrounding interactions in such hearings, considering them as activities in which it is possible to catch a glimpse of the diversity of (textual and discursive) choices made by the participants in the coproduction of meaning. In addition, we made a number of references to the guidelines included in legal documents (among which the Civil Procedure Code, the Resolution N. 125/2010 from the National Justice Council, and others) in order to make considerations concerning conciliation court hearings. In this context, and in terms of methodology, we have followed the principles of a qualitative and inductive approach in the course of our investigation, with the corpus being composed of four conciliation court hearings that occurred, more specifically, in the civil court of a judicial district of a city in the state of Rio Grande do Norte pertaining to alimony lawsuits. Following the propositions of Conversation Analysis, we recorded the hearings and transcribed their constitutive speeches, using for that purpose certain observations proposed by Marcuschi ([1986] 2003) and the normative system adopted by the Projeto de Norma Culta Urbana (NURC/SP) published in 14 volumes and mostly organized by Preti. The ensuing analyses highlight how the interactions among participants have occurred in such a way that it was possible to observe a pattern of turn management by the conciliator, who, in many occasions, made use of questions to organize the participation of the speakers during the hearings. Data shows that the hearings are held in a setting of higher formality, presenting a generally structured organization while not always following factual sequences of openings or closures. The analyses also yielded results that indicate that there were occurrences of paraphrastic reformulations in their discursive constitution. Such evidence is justified mostly by the need of the speakers to be understood in the interactional game established in the negotiations while bearing implications to the micro and macrotextual management of meaning. Therefore, we understand that such results show how there is a need that the goals of the interactants are achieved in the face of the conflicting situations thus experienced.

O estágio é um espaço de investigação, reflexão e (re)construção de saberes e identidades. O objeto de estudo desta pesquisa, foi o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado II do curso de Letras da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB) que procurou ressignificar as práticas docentes, a partir da implementação de projetos de letramento em espaços educativos não escolares Nele, focalizam-se os projetos de letramento utilizados pelos estagiários na referida disciplina, observando o potencial desses dispositivos, especialmente nos processos de transformação revelados nesse trabalho docente. Teoricamente, a pesquisa está apoiada nos estudos do letramento de perspectiva etnográfica (STREET, 1984; BARTON, HAMILTON, 1993, 1998; KLEIMAN, 1995, 2000, 2006),  nas reflexões sobre o conceito de projeto de letramento, entendido como um dispositivo didático que pode contribuir para o redimensionamento das práticas didáticas e para o reposicionamento identitário do professor (OLIVEIRA, 2008; OLIVEIRA,  TINOCO, SANTOS, 2011; OLIVEIRA, 2016) e nos estudos sobre formação e profissionalização docente (NÓVOA, 1995; TARDIF, 2002). Metodologicamente, assenta-se na abordagem qualitativa e interpretativista de pesquisa (MOITA-LOPES, 2006). Os dados foram gerados por estagiários da turma do VI semestre do curso de Letras, turno vespertino, 2018.1. São analisados 04 Projetos de Letramento implementados pelos estagiários e documentos por eles produzidos durante e depois da implementação dos projetos, p. ex., materiais didáticos, depoimentos acerca da interação em sala de aula, notas de observação participante em sala de aula, além dos memoriais produzidos pelos estagiários depois da disciplina. O estudo sinaliza que a prática dos projetos de letramento aponta para uma mudança de postura acadêmica do professor de Língua Portuguesa em formação inicial, bem como para possíveis ressignificações no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da língua materna, uma vez que os projetos de letramento estão sistematicamente associados à noção de problema e enfatizam o caráter emancipatório das práticas letradas, além da transformação agentiva dos seus participantes (OLIVEIRA, 2010). Com essa visão, o momento do estágio representou também um período de apropriação e reelaboração de conhecimentos, em que a reflexão sobre a prática constitui um movimento de busca do conhecimento teórico que possibilitou novas escolhas pedagógicas ao futuro professor. Foi um momento que favoreceu a elaboração dos saberes necessários à ação docente, considerando-se que é na relação entre a teoria e a prática que eles são construídos e ou reelaborados.

This dissertation presents a comparative study between the literary work of the writers Maria Judite de Carvalho (1921, Lisbon – 1998, Lisbon) and Lygia Fagundes Telles (1923, São Paulo –) and it aims at analyzing how the social space of female authorship is defined in the Portuguese-Brazilian literary field and how the narrative spaces are constructed in the short stories “Além do Quadro” and “As Palavras Poupadas”, by the Portuguese author, “Venha Ver o Pôr do Sol” and “Noturno Amarelo”, by the Brazilian writer, respectively. Therefore, this work was structured from two theoretical-methodological axes: the first one, based on Pierre Bourdieu (1996, 2003, 2012, 2015) and the ideas of the literary field and habitus, examines, from a sociological perspective, the trajectory of female authorship in heterogeneous contexts in order to understand the way in which Carvalho and Telles interpreted the period they lived as well as how such writers attained a place of consolidation in the Portuguese-Brazilian literary field. The second perspective of analysis focuses on the construction of space as a narrative category, as it seeks to examine how heterotopic spaces, according to Michel Foucault ([1967] 2001), are represented. Therefore, heterotopic places such as sanatoriums, asylums, cemeteries, mirrors, and gardens were studied, taking the relations between space and symbolic power in confrontation with the female bodies-spaces depicted in aforementioned short stories into consideration. Moreover, for the bodies of the female characters looked into this research are also viewed as heterotopies, some typologies were drawn in order to understand issues related to the symbolic violence that androcentric power imposes on women's body-space, for instance: ill body-space, unruly body-space, docile body-space, orphan body-space, objectified body-space, captive body-space, and guilty body-space. Through the analysis, it was thus observed that the spaces represented in the Juditian and Lygian narratives resound the context of oppression towards the female subject, once they are counter spaces that, when placed with the symbolic, translate fear and insecurity, silence and loneliness, as well as the precise anguish of women’s scripture.

In view of the narrative innovation of works characterized by the social and political fragility of Brazil during the dictatorial period, we propose the study of a novel from the 1970s highlighted, above all, by the subversion of the aesthetic structure itself. We established our selection to works from the 70s which presented in their structure a fantastic and surrealistic nature associated with aesthetic of experimentalism, so that the study was guided by a discussion of the formal engagement of this literary text, reaching other concepts common to novel works selected for this study: O diaem que Ernest Hemingway morreucrucificado (1978), by Minas Gerais author Roberto Drummond. The novel presented bring an experimentalism stood out by the supernatural element in the structure that, in a responsive way, manifests the engaged content of the literary text. Even amid an attempt to silence literature, many works from the 1970s, during the height of dictatorial violence, reported the regime through its unique aesthetic. The adoption of an unusual structure derived from the fantastic novel already acts in a way to subvert a traditional aesthetic of the novel - when it is reflected on the realistic perspective in accordance with Lukács(1969; 2009) - and, thus, to favor a structural homology capable of denouncing the absurd authoritarianism of the regime dictatorial political. In addition, the fantastic novel itself, in its hesitant constitution, when associated with other innovative aesthetic procedures, favors the opening of a new aesthetic perspective based on the non-sense, on the total absurdity revealed by the unconscious in an attempt to reveal a deeper truth, that is, revolutionary. This new constitution of the novel, called the surrealist novel, is characterized by the revolution of language in its connection with the oneiric. In the method proposed for this work, form is the means for establishing the content of a work of art. We take for thisdiscussiontheconceptionsof Lukács (1969; 2009), Adorno (2012); Watt (2010), Rosenfeld (1969) and Bakhtin (2015). In this sense, we think of the form as an aesthetic characteristic on which the engaged content is inserted and, therefore, such social engagement is inserted in a singular way in the compositional logic of the novel. Hence, the method of analysis of literary texts provides for a constant dialogue among this compositional structure, which encompasses the association between the formal configuration and the content, with the socio-political context of the 70s. Therefore, this study is elaborated as proposed by the Dialectical Criticism of Antonio Candido (2011b), which aims at the dialectical study of the work with the context, without, however, prioritizing the sociological study, however observing the way in which the narrative promotes a structural reduction of these external elements in order to make them participants in the aesthetic configuration that constitutes the novel.

n order to constitute a significant pedagogical experience of the teaching of literature in the context of classes at the IFRN, at the campus Natal Zona Norte, in 2017 the researcher and a group of collaborators prepared a competition in order to disseminate the original authorial poetic production of contemporary poets and belonging to a current and lasting interaction circuit for all. Due to this experience, the following object of study and respective research questions were established: 1. The literary contest of poems project entitled ‘PoeArt de verso a verso’; 1.1. how the interaction, production and textual reading of the project members (organizing team) of the ‘PoeArt de Verso a Verso’ Literary Contest took place; 1.2. how the interaction, production and textual reading between the researcher and two poets from and discovered by the competition ‘PoeArt de Verso a Verso’ took place. The thesis assumes as a general objective to investigate the actions implemented in the context of the 2017 ‘PoeArt de Verso a Verso’ poem contest, regarding the interaction that took place between the members of the organizing group for the contest and the consequent relationship/interaction that took place and that happens with the poets revealed and divulged by PoeArt. Therefore, the following specific objectives are: a) to analyze the beam of social interaction and the texts arising from it in the context of the making of the literary contest; b) analyze the performance of the poet-educator as one of the author profiles of two poets from the competition. Our theoretical support is anchored in the production of Bakhtin and the Circle who defend literature as a social phenomenon inserted in the culture of ideologically marked and ethically implicated discourses. Our methodological anchorage is based on Applied Linguistics and on authors who establish the link between Bakhtin, the Circle and significantly situated analysis methods. The corpus of the research was analyzed in the light of categories that reveal the importance of the poetic statement for the trajectory of the historical subjects who made and make ‘PoeArt de Verso a Verso’.

In this work, we looked for analysed the aesthetic representation of the fear in João Guimarães Rosa’s narratives. The present work was divided into two parts: the first one corresponds to the examination of the fear that invades childhood's universe in “Campo Geral” and ends with the adult character in “Buriti”; the second part comprises an analysis how fear presents itself into the elderly’s universe in two distinct stories: “A benfazeja” and “Os chapéus transeuntes”. Therefore, the main objective was analysing the fear felt or caused by the characters in the narratives, on the perspective of understanding how it takes hold in the stories and articulates with cultural, historical and social segments structurally printed on them. Moreover, we seek to understand how the fear shows itself in the literary language, admitting mystical, religious and philosophical functions onto the characters, sometimes changing the way they think, how they are aware of themselves and circumstances in which they live. For the specific study about fear, the following works were used: Delumeau (2009) in História do medo no ocidente; Myra y López (2012) in Quatro gigantes da alma: medo, ira, amor, dever and Michel de Montaigne (2010) in “Sobre o medo”.

Guimarães Rosa. Narrative. Fear. Child. Elderly.

The increase in people's life expectancy is a topic already noticed in developed countries and now it is also noticed in Brazil. This is why it has aroused the interest of researchers on the subject of aging. This implies that in the coming decades there will be a significant percentage of elderly people who will need specialized care. The natural aging process promotes changes in the body due to chronic-degenerative diseases that accompany old age. From this context, there is a need to qualify elderly caregivers in order to meet this growing demand. In this thesis, the focus of investigation is the training process for elderly caregivers' activities as literacy events. The training course chosen for this investigation was offered by the School of Health of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (ESUFRN), through the National Program for Access to Technical Education and Employment (PRONATEC). In methodological terms, the study is included within the field of Applied Linguistics (MOITA LOPES, 2009; 2016) and follows a qualitative research data approach with an interpretive perspective. (BODGAN; BIKLEN, 1994 and MINAYO, 2002). The corpus consists of portfolios produced by ten trainees and a questionnaire applied to research participants. Regarding the theoretical foundations, the investigation is based on the assumptions of Literacy Studies as a social practice (HEATH, 1983; BARTON, 1991, 1994; STREET, 2006; BARTON; HAMILTON, 2000, KLEIMAN, 1995, 2005); in discussions on Health Literacy (PAZ, 2008; SILVA, 2013; MELO, 2016); Studies alluding to the use of the portfolio (CARVALHO; PORTO, 2005; AMBRÓSIO, 2013; 2015). Data analysis point to the relevance of the training process of elderly caregivers, more precisely the elderly caregivers course promoted through the ESUFRN/PRONATEC as well as the production of portfolios as an artifact of literacy - produced by the course participants - in addition to completing a Course Conclusion Work (TCC). They also describe their training path in it, reflect on the contents studied, and its possible implications for work practice. It includes the changes in attitude they must assume when exercising the profession, which signals the use of portfolios as an artifact/training device. In terms of contributions, this work contributes to the expansion of discussions related to literacy as a craft on the rise in the labor market. It contributes notably to issues involving the training and work activities of elderly caregivers.

In this thesis, we analyze the nominalizing construction represented by the scheme [[X]_V – nte]_N, which allows the formation of deverbal nouns and adjectives in Portuguese, like governante, seguinte e representante, and finds roots in the Latin present participle. We aim to describe the formal and functional characteristcs of this construction, as well as to seek the semantic-cognitive and discursive-pragmatic motivations involved in its use, especially in relation to the recategorization of the participle form into nouns and adjectives. We defend that the nouns in –nte instantiate a form-meaning pairing. The participle-name trajectory is multidirectional, and the categorical fluctuation between adjective and noun is motivated, above all, by metonymic projections. Our theoretical support is the Usage Based Functional Linguistics, in the terms of Furtado da Cunha, Bispo e Silva (2013) and Oliveira and Rosário (2016), which incorporates the theoretical model of Grammar of Constructions, as proposed by Goldberg (1995, 2006), Croft (2001), Traugott and Trousdale (2013), Hilpert (2014). It is diachronic research, whose data consist of different textual configurations in Portuguese, written between the 13th and 20th centuries. Methodologically, we characterize this research as basic in nature, whose approach is eminently qualitative, with quantitative support; as for the objectives, it is descriptive-explanatory research. The results reveal an increase in the frequency of use of the construction over time, both in terms of token and in terms of type. Among the most relevant formal properties, we can cite the absence of significant changes in the morphosyntactic structure of the formal pattern; the presence of Latin verb lexemes in the construction verb slot; and the partial inheritance of the verb-base argument structure, which is, in some contexts, conditioned by semantic-cognitive and discursive-pragmatic motivations. Among the functional properties, we identified that less agentive bases are more frequent in adjective formations, while more agentive bases are more common with nouns. We found at least four meanings of construction: circumstantial, aspectual, evaluative and agentive, which are established through the interaction of morphosyntactic, semantic-cognitive and pragmatic factors. The processes of (inter)subjectivity and pragmatic inference are crucial for the expansion of the meaning of the instantiations of the construction in the contexts which they occur, as evidenced by the positive and negative evaluations carried out in the use of some constructs. Metaphorical and metonymic projections are also important mechanisms for the semantic extension of the constructs. We characterize the construction as partially schematic, with relatively high productivity and intermediate compositionality. Formal and functional evidences that points to the recategorization of the participle present in nouns, in a process of multidirectional change. We attribute the categorical fluctuation between the lexical categories of adjective and noun to metonymic mappings. Both in the recategorization of the present participle and in the categorical fluctuation, the underlying mechanism of change is that of neoanalysis. 

ABSTRACT
The thesis “Analysis of textual-discursive representations in „Captain Dreyfus process‟, first chapter of Rui Barbosa‟s „Letters from England‟” has as its aim to analyse and describe the linguistical phenomenon of the textual-discursive representations (TDR) and its argumentation. This goal is ramified in three specific objectives: 1) to identify the textual- discursive representations from Dreyfus and from the degradation in the TDR-enunciation, 2) to analyse and describe the lexicon and its argumentation in order to 3) interpret the textual- discursive representation through the semantic categories of analysis (predication, referencing, modularization, modification and localization). The research finds its perspective within the greater area of Text Linguistic, specifically considering the “co(n)textual meaning production” based on the Textual Analysis of Discourse introduced by the studies of Adam (2011). It recurs simultaneously to the Natural Logic by Grize (1990, 1993), being those its main theorical perspectives. The Text Linguistic is an area of studies that makes the text its research object. The Textual Analysis of Discourse is a theorical proposition in which the co(n)textual meaning must be supported on the analysis of concrete texts. There are four questions to be answered after the analyses: first – the lexicon chosen by Rui Barbosa in the TDRs construction has argumentative value in the meaning in which it has been textualized? Second – is there immanence of meaning between the lexicon and the argumentation? Third – what is the argumentative role of analogies in the construction of the TDRs? And fourth – “schematization” by Grize and “Discursive Representation” by Adam are equivalent semantic categories and what distinctions can be found between those two concepts? Considering the objectives of this research and such questions, a hypothesis was formulated in the following terms: in every text, there was profuse argumentation in the chosen vocabulary. Therefore, the Textual-Discursive Representations, as constructed by operations such as lexical-analysis, predication, referencing, modularization, modification and localization, carry a strong argumentative trace that is immanent in the textualized meanings. The methodology of the research was based on a qualitative and quantitative approach, descriptive in relation to the objectives and the bibliographical procedures. The methodology was made effective with the identification of the TDR-enunciations, collected from the corpus and disposed in a specific chart. The text was stablished, its lines were counted and a text plan was attributed following the textual themes; then, an analysis frame was created, in which the enunciator, the theme under scrutiny and the categories were identified. The analyses proceeded in a descriptive manner and the predications, besides being described, were schematized in conformity with the centrality of the verb for its arguments. On the theme “Dreyfus”, 34 TDR-enunciations were analysed. The theme “degradation ceremony” went through the same process, resulting in 16 TDRs. The results were organized in regard to the objectives of this study: the TDRs were identified, organized and analysed; their meanings were described in its argumentative content; the lexicon used was interpreted based on its meaning and on its argumentation value. The research questions were responded: the lexicon is argumentative, because there is immanence between its meaning and its argumentation and it is verified that the analogies are relevant in the argumentative orientation. The referencing ramifies, as does the predication, following the suggestion of Oliveira, A (2014). The modification was specified.

This research aims to characterize the Narrative for Digital Games (NDG) as a genre, establishing a relationship between the concepts of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014; EGGINS, 2004; GOUVEIA, 2009; FUZER; CABRAL, 2014), Sydney School Genre-based Pedagogy (MARTIN, ROSE, 2008; ROSE; MARTIN, 2012), and Ludology (FRASCA, 1999; FIELD, 2001; JENKINS, 2003; JUUL, 2003; BRAND; KNIGHT, 2005; VOGLER, 2015; BRANCO; PINHEIRO, 2006; AASERTH, 2012; among others), from texts instantiated in the videogames Life is Strange (Square Enix, 2015) and The Witcher 3: The Wild Hunt (CD Projekt RED, 2015), so to adapt the Reading to Learn program (ROSE; MARTIN, 2012) to the context of teaching and learning English as an additional language in an Integrated Technical High School course in Digital Games Programming. This thesis is a qualitative and quantitative research with participant observation by the researcher. Despite its qualitative and inductive character, a quantitative instrument was used to analyze the occurrence of processes in the narratives of the games. The following procedures for data generation, discussion and analysis were established: bibliographical research on concepts related to genres and Narrative, from the perspective of Sydney School’s Genre-based Pedagogy, developed from the SFL, as well as on the concepts about NDG from Ludology; ludological analysis of the narratives of LIS and TW3; mapping the schematic structure of the genre NDG, from LIS and TW3; analysis of texts instantiated in those videogames, from lexicogrammatical system of Transitivity; proposal of applicability of the Teaching and Learning Cycle (ROSE; MARTIN, 2012) for the context of that course. The results show that the NDG, instantiated in the videogames LIS and TW3, has the obligatory and optional stages of the Narrative mapped by Martin and Rose (2008), including the optional stage proposed by Eggins (2004). Additional phases that have specific functions, related to ludic elements of games were identified in addition to phases common to traditional narratives. There was also a greater occurrence of material processes in both narratives of the games, and some clauses in these texts were analyzed using the Transitivity System (HALLIDAY, MATTHIESSEN, 2014; FUZER, CABRAL, 2014). After characterizing the NDG genre, this study presents a proposal to apply the Teaching and Learning Cycle of the Reading to Learn program for the context of teaching and learning English in an Integrated Technical course in Digital Games Programming.

In light of the new global scenario brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic, the Internet became an essential tool for everyone, including for educators to teach classes remotely. Amid these challenging circumstances, virtual classrooms make for a stimulating research subject. Based on this, we established the general goal of discussing literacy practices used in remote teaching by teachers at a combined secondary-vocational school. Anchored in Applied Linguistics, based on the qualitative approach (BOGDAN; BIKLEN, 1994), of an ethnographic nature, (PAIVA, 2019), our research study’s collaborators were three Instituto Federal da Paraíba teachers. Our research instruments were fieldnotes, a survey, an interview and didactic material (exercises and slides) made available by our collaborators during virtual classes. The theoretical framework we adopted was the concept of literacy and its constituent elements, such as events, practices and agents (STREET, 1993, 2001, 2003, 2013; HEATH, 1982; HAMILTON, 2000; KLEIMAN, 1995, 2001); the notion of didactic gestures (MESSIAS; DOLZ, 2015; NASCIMENTO, 2011); the critical pedagogy approach (FREIRE, 1987; FREIRE; MACEDO, 1990; GIROUX, 1990; MCLAREN, 2005); education in remote teaching (ARRUDA, 2020; HODGES et al., 2020); and the notion of professional and digital identity (BAUMAN, 2005; HALL, 2006; KLEIMAN, 2006; IZA, et. al., 2014; FRANK; CONCEIÇÃO, 2021; GOROSPE et al., 2015). Our exploration of the data identified the categories presented by Hamilton (2000), namely: visible elements – participants, environments, artifacts and activities; and non-visible elements – occult participants, domains, resources and routines. The analysis of the collected data indicated a mobilization on the part of teachers towards reading, writing and oral practices during remote classes. To create subjects of study and to have students understand these subjects, our collaborators made use of didactic gestures. This way, they managed to devise situations, by activating bodies of knowledge, intended to introduce literacy practices for the professional lives of students. Their practices denoted a more critical, more reflective approach to education in that they attempted to open a dialogue with and draw the attention of students. With respect to identity, the analysis shows that teachers have multifaceted identities due to the influence of different factors and contexts (family, school, experiences, interactions). These identities can be built unconsciously and/or consciously, if one has decided which profession to join. In the latter case, the actions of the teachers they once had are observed and reflected upon. Remote teaching required our collaborators to acquire new knowledge and skills, to be patient and to exercise discernment, in order to meet the new challenges that were presented, such as: a scarcity of didactic and human resources; students who lacked motivation/commitment; and meager feedback. We found that remote teaching taught, posed a challenge to and required teachers to tap into all of their bodies of knowledge to keep it moving forward.

Any text would not be published without the look of otherness of the reviewer. This study, based on Applied Linguistic (MOITA LOPES, 1994, 2006; OLIVEIRA, 2016; CASADO ALVES, 2016; ROJO, 2006), analyze the relationship between reviewer and author, before the process of publishing a work (RIBEIRO, 2016; SALGADO, 2017; OLIVEIRA, 2010). This relationship underlies in the utterances produced in the comments of the tool of reviewing, disponible in a software of texts edition. This discursive gender has a characteristic clearly dialogic, as long as is expecting an answer from the discussion partner. This responsiveness is, sometimes, polemic, when the author can come establish a ideological conflict with reviewer, taking a position related to the suggestions of chance to the text. This study presents a qualitative and interpretivist analyze, since it aims to understand and interpret some aspects in the interaction between who writes and who reviews the text. As theoretical references, it has the presupposes of the Circle of Bakhtin (BAKHTIN, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017; VOLÓCHINOV, 2017), related to concepts like: dialogism (between author and reviewer), look of otherness/extralocal point of view (that is present in the reviewer process), not alibi (who signs the text has the responsibility about it), chronotope (dialogism among subjects in a diverse space-time), open and hidden polemic (not always harmonious among subjects during interaction). The data collection consists of comments in didactic materials produced by Secretaria de Educação a Distância from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, from 2012 to 2015. Results point that the work of reviewing is a discursive arena where points of view are continuously in conflict, being reviewed and, eventually, reworked, having, in this process, multiples learnings and to both subjects. In this interrelation, each one must be conscious about their place and the limits inherent to this activity, stablishing negotiations to create a work in group in a cooperative way, resulting in a didactic material appropriate to the teaching and the learning of the student from Distance Education.

Studies in comparative literature have brought great contribution to this area of knowledge and grounded countless academic research studies over the years. In this regard, this research adds a new component to comparative studies, viz., the dialogic approach to literary studies, and aims to find out at what extent the heterodiscourse related to women in a patriarchal/male chauvinist society is represented in the novels A vida invisível de Eurídice Gusmão (2016), written by Brazilian author Martha Batalha, and Purple hibiscus (2003), written by Nigerian author Chimamanda Adichie, the corpus of this research. These works, which are analyzed from the perspective of the theory of dialogism of the Bakhtin Circle (Bakhtin, Voloshinov, Medvedev) in dialogue with feminist criticism, reflect and refract the position of women in contemporary societies as the main characters of the novels are placed in positions of inferiority. Methodologically, this bibliographical research follows the Circle’s orientation that the analysis of a text starts from the text and reaches the context of small time and great time. The results of this comparative/dialogical study between the novels prompted reflections not only on the position of the women represented in the novels and lived in the world of life of the novel’s context of production, but also on the dialogue between dialogism and feminist criticism and its contribution to literary analysis.  

This research discusses the Discourse Plan category in opinion articles. The general objective pursued here is to analyze how this category is structured and how this structure can be captured in terms of a continuity of figurivity/fundity, considering the textual-discursive and pragmatic domains. The work is based on North American Functional Linguistics, starting from what Hopper (1979) and Hopper and Thompson (1980) discuss about Discourse Plans, Haido's (1996) propositions for the treatment of figure/background dimensions, the notion of pragmatic inference approached by Traugott and Dasher (2002) and the concept of (inter) subjectivity explored by Traugott (2010), in addition to the borrowed definitions of New Rhetoric studies, based on the assumptions of Perelman and Obbrechts-Tyteca (2005) on argumentation and Gestalt's conception from psychology (ENGELMANN, 2002). In methodological terms, this study was developed according to a quali-quantitative approach and the corpus analyzed consisted of twenty opinion articles published in the magazines Carta Capital and Veja in the first semester of 2018. The results, regarding the textual-discursive domain, point to the existence of three levels of figuration, namely, figura absoluta, figura aparente and figura episódica, and four levels of fundity, which include fundo de justificativa, fundo de exemplificação (fundity level I), fundo de reiteração, fundo de contextualização (fundity level II), fundo de modalização (fundity level III) and fundo de digressão (fundity level IV); They also show that, regarding the distribution of the portions of texts analyzed based on the types of background, in general, the most frequent background is the fundo de Justificativa. In this same domain, the results allowed to capture a figure/background continuum, starting from textual portions +figure > +background. Based on the findings, a textual plan for the opinion article was proposed from a functionalist perspective. Regarding the pragmatic domain, it was found that the integration of background types into the figure is related to interactional processes such as (inter) subjectivity and pragmatic inference.

KEYWORDS: Opinion article. Functional Linguistics. Discursive plan. 

The textual production context of the National High School Examination (ENEM) is one of the main mobilizers of the preparatory years for the candidates, including Portuguese language teaching in the final years of High School. Based on the impacts caused by the exam, the present research aims at the analytical study in the writing of thousand note essays, assuming the structural and content massification of the texts.. The research starts from the following question: how do the structural and content choices of the students as well as the use of the voice of the other influences the argumentative strategies for success in the essays note thousand of ENEM 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017? As objectives, we delimit: i) identify the structural marks that compose the texts, paying attention to those that repeat: i) identify the structural marks that make up the texts, paying attention to those that are repeated; ii) to characterize how the use and recurrence of insertion of the voice of others is used in the texts analyzed; iii) to determine, in a comparative way, the functionality of these voices inserted in the argumentative sequence of the essays; iv) investigate, based on the analysis made, how the presence of the voice of the other results in the hypothesis of massification of the arguments used by the subjects. To do so, we use the contributions of Charaudeau (2012) about the organization of argumentative texts; Authier-Revuz (1990, 2004) with the reflections of the enunciative heterogeneity shown; Adorno (1985) for the discussion on massification and Pêcheux (1995) with the position of the subject to characterize the place of the discourse of the candidates authors in the essays. The corpus is made up of 32 (thirty-two) essays distributed equally, for four years (2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017) and were obtained through the G1 website. A preliminary result shows that in all years there is a structural standardization that is not attributed in its entirety to the demands of the five competencies, as well as a recurrence of the use of the explicit insertion of the voice of others to compose the argumentative sequence. As to the question of massing the arguments, we observe that there is a recurrence of the construction of a molded and pre-established "form" of writing, so that the candidates, in the preparatory years for the exam, activate the need to shape the text and make explicit the voice of the another decisively in the mechanism of sustaining his arguments so that his texts occupy the occupy the position of essays “model”, here held with the maximum mark.

The diversity of textual discourse genres produced in the legal socio-discursive legislation offers ample possibility of investigating the linguistic-discursive strategies in these concrete texts. In this context, this dissertation focuses on the interface between Language and Law, comprising a corpus constituted by Legislative Bills produced by the Federal Representatives of Rio Grande do Norte, which consists of a normative textual discursive genre written by the political representatives with a view to guarantee rights in the legal system. In this sense, we established as a general objective to investigate the enunciative devices inserted in the textual materiality of Legislative Bills through the study of the enunciative and argumentative levels. We defined as specific objectives, to identify, describe, analyze and interpret how the compositional structure is built in the Legislative Bills through the study of text plans and sequences; how the Enunciative Responsibility (ER) manifests itself in the Legislative Bills, from the study of the linguistic-discursive marks present in the texts; and how enunciative devices contribute to the Argumentative Orientation of Projects. From a theoretical point of view, this research is based on the assumptions of Textual Linguistics (TL), Textual Discourse Analysis (TDA), Enunciation Linguistics, Studies of Argumentation in Language (AL), argumentation and socio-discursive legal formation. Methodologically, our work followed the qualitative approach, interpretative in nature, and inductive analysis, being an exploratory bibliographic study. Our analyzes showed that the draft text of the Legislative Bills is conventional or fixed, organized through narrative, argumentative, explanatory and descriptive sequences. This set of textual sequences composes the argumentative aim. With regard to Enunciative Commitment, we observe the recurrent presence of linguistic marks that manifest the assumption of EC, such as person indexes, spatial and temporal deictics, and modalities, as well as linguistic categories that point to the non-assumption of EC, still different types of speech representation and mediating frames, in a movement of engagement and distancing from the propositional content throughout the textual fabric. The interpretation of these data points to the recognition of an Argumentative Orientation given to the texts in line with the communicative purpose objectified by the genre. Thus, our results suggest that from the study of textual structure and enunciative positions it is possible to get to the argumentation. Finally, the results of this research contribute to a better understanding of textual, discursive and enunciative aspects of Legislative Bills, thus making the genre more understandable and usable, in view of its social and determinant character for the normative renewal of the country.

 Coserian theory; Levels of language; Textual coherence.

“Eu quero é que esse canto torto feito faca corte a carne de vocês” (NETO, 2019, p. 74). This research is developed in Comparative Literature and aims to analyze neo-baroque characteristics in Belchior's work from the dialogue with poetic signs present in the work of João Cabral de Melo Neto. The starting point for this research is “A Palo Seco”, a poem in João Cabral and a song in Belchior, from the album ‘Mote e Glosa’ (1974). In the poem, “A Palo Seco” which is a Spanish expression that refers to the flamenco matrix, appears associated with the image of the blade, to “cante sem,/ o cante despido,/ é cante desarmado:/ só a lâmina da voz/ sem a arma do braço” (SECCHIN, 1985, p. 146), poetic sign used also in other poems. The image of the blade is also used in the work of Belchior, not only in the song “A Palo Seco”, as well as in “Apenas um rapaz latino-americano”, “Pequeno mapa do tempo”, among others. In research, two artistic perspectives (João Cabral de Melo Neto e Belchior), two poetic forms (literature and music), a dialogue (Baroque and Neo-Baroque), and analysis scenarios (arid region, global, retreat, fear, a palo seco, the voice and the life. The work is organized in 4 chapters, going through the question of the approximation of literature with music and more specifically the intermingling of these themes in Comparative Literature, followed by a chapter that observes the research already carried out involving Belchior and João Cabral de Melo Neto and finally, the analytical chapter, which develops the neo-baroque theme in the work of the songwriter Belchior. In this sequence we have the dialogue between literature and music based on the theory of authors such as Francisco Ivan (2013), Verônica Moura (2014), Perrone-Moises (2016), Tania Franco Carvalhal (1991), Antônio Candido (1994), among others. We conducted a survey on research involving Belchior and João Cabral, including work by authors such as Josely Carlos (2007), Eurídice Figueiredo (2013), Jotabê Medeiros (2017), Glenda Moura (2014), José Américo Saraiva (2007), Lenise dos Santos Santiago (2007 and 2011), among others. The path of analysis goes through Baroque Cabraline poetic signs, such as the blade, the knife, the retreatant, the regional and the global, the sing and the life, which are appropriate in the work of the Ceará and, as a theoretical contribution to understand the neo-baroque we work with authors such as: Severo Sarduy (1987), Francisco Ivan (2013), Francisco Israel de Carvalho (2012). The results of this analysis sought to perceive neo-baroque characteristics in Belchior's work from that contact with the baroque in João Cabral, present in the poetic signs that make dialogue between the works of both.

The development of technology in teaching and learning has multiplied, in recent years, the number of possible research objects within Applied Linguistics. This study aims to investigate the impact of using response system applications (SRS) on learners' performance and cognitive engagement in pre-test content reviews of the L2 Spanish course at high school. In total, forty-nine participants were observed during review classes under three different conditions: one intervention without applications, one with a non-gamified SRS application (Plickers) and one with a gamified SRS application (Kahoot), after the reviews there was the recording of a verbal protocol and the test was performed. We adopted a mixed approach methodology (DÖRNYEI, 2007) with collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. Results indicate that there was a statistically significant impact of gamified SRS on engagement and non-gamified SRS on performance. Finally, the learners' perceptions were positive regarding the insertion of applications in the classroom.

Subjects are named after their birth, with one purpose: to be legally recognized in the social environment. However, through the legal perspective, the social practices present forms of naming that go beyond this scope, even being considered, in some cases, as habits of a particular region. An example of this is what happens in Jardim do Seridó-RN, whose subjects use nickname as well as a possible form of naming. Based on this, this research aims to understand the importance of nickname in the identity construction of subjects in Jardim do Seridó-RN. Therefore, it presents as a theoretical basis the dialogical conception of language, the ethical act and ideology, proposed by the Bakhtin Circle (2013; 2014; 2016; 2017; 2018), besides relying on cultural studies, focusing on the notion of cultural identity, developed by Hall (2003; 2011) and Bauman (2005). For this purpose, a qualitative-interpretative research - developed in the area of Applied Linguistics - whose data construction takes place through semi-structured interviews with nine jardinenses. From the preliminary analysis, it appears that the identity construction of jardinenses subjects is influenced by nickname as it singles out these subjects among the social whole, reaffirming the notion of belonging to the region.

The undergraduate course of Libras and Portuguese Language is offered by Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) since 2009 and represents relevant improvement in the academic-scientific local context. Differently from other Libras undergraduate courses, it’s pedagogical project (PPC) focus on the studies of Portuguese as a Second Language. Considering this course as our investigative locus, we aim to 1) discuss the valuation given to the Portuguese language regarding the construction of the Deaf identity and 2) characterize the sociocultural contexts in which the Portuguese language is valuated, regarding this same construction. We include this research in the studies of Applied Linguistics, in its inter/transdisciplinary branch, and use, as theoretical support, the Deaf Studies (PERLIN, 2003; LADD, 2005), the Cultural Studies (HALL, 2006; BAUMAN, 2005) and the premises of Bakhtin Circle (BAKHTIN, 2011; VOLÓCHINOV, 2017). Our corpus is constituted by a conversation circle in Libras with five subjects, which was recorded and then translated into Portuguese.  Supported by an interpretive and qualitative approach, we firstly read our corpus, which resulted in the emergence of the following categories of analysis: family relationships, emotions and feelings, educational experiences and places and spaces. Our results suggest that the axiological positionings of the subjects point to the Portuguese as an inseparable trait of the identity construction, which is necessary to the ascension in the job market; indifferent (it does not bring emotion); sacrifice, dispendious activity; obligation; cause of embarrassment; important, during social contact. We highlight that the positionings of our subjects regarding the Portuguese language are not dissociated from a semantic-axiological context: they assume a greater meaning if seen as a living substance in the discursive circumstance. Their points of view are immersed in valorative networks which have their origins in the distinctive social interests and in the strains of symmetric relations of power.

This dissertation has as its object of analysis the novel Cem Anos de Solão (Hundred Years of Solitude) based on the preceding narratives from the imaginary Realisms that inspired his writing, going through the contact of different cultures that enabled the phenomenon of transculturation present in his narrative unit in its three levels: the linguistic, the compositional and the worldview of the author. We highlight the cross-cultural level of the literary composition of the plot and characters to establish the corpus analysis of the novel itself and its relevance to the regional and modern elements that originate the cross-cultural phenomenon. The objective is to analyze the work from the cross-cultural perspective proposed by Rama and his elements of imaginary realisms added to the universalist culture acquired from the external element. We established the criteria for analysis at the level of literary composition, since it derives from the other two levels, that is, the linguistic and worldview of the author. The analysis is guided by the theoretical-methodological method of qualitative research and critical analysis, proposing to highlight the regular appearances of elements of the imaginary realisms, internal element and the symbiosis with elements of external Western cultures and the mythical recurrence in the chosen novel, to verify the use of these elements in the textual structure and the cross-cultural phenomenon. For this, we take as a basis the theoretical postulates of Becerra (2008), Peña Gutiérrez (1987) on imaginary realisms, Lezama Lima (1979), on the image of Latin America and its multiple cultures, Ángel Rama (1987; 2001) and his view on the cross-cultural phenomenon and Greimas (2013) on the elements of interpretation of the mythical narrative. The results indicate that the whole novel was configured in such a way that transculturation was articulated with the elements of imaginary realisms, inscribing the original composition as the result of the sum of mythical elements from different ethnicities and cultural elements prefigured in the characters and their actions in the constructed fable.

The object of study of this work is the argument structure construction Nominal Phrase+ Verb+ Bare Nominal Phrase (NP+ V+ NP_BARE). The aim is to examine the constructs of this construction that constitute chunks in digital texts in Brazilian Portuguese. Therefore, we identify the subschemas of this construction in terms of the verbs that constitute them and the properties of schematicity, productivity, and compositionality. We seek to demonstrate how these constructional patterns are distributed along a continuum, according to the degree of weakening of the verb lexical meaning. The analysis is grounded on the theoretical-methodological model of Functional Usage-Based Linguistics (FURTADO DA CUNHA; BISPO; SILVA, 2013), with contributions of Construction Grammar (GOLDBERG, 1995; TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2013; BYBEE, (2016 [2010]). The method of the research is qualitative, in order to show syntactic-semantic regularities in the instances of NP+V+NP_BARE, with quantitative support, aiming to observe the frequency of use. The analyzed data are from web texts, which are placed into the field of digital communication and virtual interactions. The results indicate that the chunks instantiating this construction show both syntactic versatility and semantic unity, which manifest cognitive motivations and lead to discursive effects that seem to express more clearly the communicative intent of the speakers.

Halikato-ú is a Yanomami Community located in the north of the state of Roraima, of approximately two hundred indians who live, mostly, from hunting, collecting fruits and plantin manioc. During my time in the Community, i realized thar they had a diferente conception of the deseases, a concept evidenced in constant disagreements and conflicts with nurses and members of nongovernmental organizations. While nurses tried to provide medical help, the community refused, or accepted, only after shamanic rituals. Therefore, the objectives of this paper is to characterize the conception of DIASESE in the the Yanomami Community of Halikato-ú, by the analysis of testimonies acquires during the two months i lived there. For that, i use the analysis model based on frames (DUQUE, 2015), Which makes it possible to observe the activation of these cognitive devices from their various dimensions and, then, identify the way concepts are organized in the construction of meanings that govern the community´s conception of DISEASE. The theoretical foundation of this paper is based on the assumptions made by the Ecological Aprroach to Cognition and Language (DUQUE, 2015; 2016; 2017; 2018; 2019). Regarding the methodological aspects, this research is of a qualitative nature, since it proposes to analyse and describe elements thar make up a certain conception (GERHARDT; SILVEIRA, 2009), and, also, of an interpretative nature (SÁ, 2001) with ethnographic developments (WEBER, 2009; MEINERZ, 2007), considering that i consider my subjectivity, as a researcher, as an additional resource in cultural research. The information acquired in the analysis shows evidence that seems to suggest that the Community of Halikato-ú, conceives the DISEASE from the perspective of death, as a way to be death, and the only one able to relive the patient is the shaman.

In the field of Discourse Analysis, researches that address the distinction of Discursive Formations (DF) and interdiscursive relations do not prioritize the study and analysis of the genre proverb, nor do they address the study of enunciative heterogeneity and polyphony of the proverbial utterances, and of the détournements/detours, which are a reflection of the place the subject occupies in a given social structure. The perceptible coercions and antagonisms in the voices that emerge in the popular proverbs, and in the détournements/detours situate the discursive subject, moreover ideologically. Along these lines, in this research we analyze proverbs and the détournements/detours in their context of use, to verify their participation and relevance in DFs. Our research question refers to the contribution of popular proverbs and détournements/detours in the materiality of the DFs, relying on the hypothesis that the proverbial utterances provided by a generic speaker,  keep a direct relationship with the dominant ideology, enabling, through its polyphonic and heterogenous character, the distinction of the FDs, which infuse a given field of discourse. Also, the détournements/detours represent a type of ideological militancy/opposition, aboveall in the cases of subversion. The contribution of the proverbs and détournements/detours to the discursive materiality is, therefore, ideological. Our general objective is to distinguish what is the contribution of the popular proverbs and détournements/detours in the materiality of the FDs. Specifically, we seek to analyze the imitation of the proverbial utterances – caption and subversion; analyze the heterogeneity and polyphony of the proverbs and détournements/detours; and distinguish the discursive formations in which the proverbial utterances and détournements/detours are inscribed. To this end, we rely on the theories of Maingueneau (1997; 2001; 2008; 2010; 2014; 2015; 2016), Foucault (2008), Althusser (1985), Pêcheux (1969; 1997), Authier-Revuz (1990), Ducrot (1987), Mussalim (2016), and others. The research is characterized as qualitative, with quantitative support, in which proverbial utterances are analyzed and détournements/detours are extracted from Facebook Pages of “Brasil 247” and “The Antangonist”. Methodologically, our research followed these distinct phases/processes:1. Tabulation of commentaries with proverbial utterances, détournements/detours and highlighted phrases collected in aforementioned sources; 2. integral relation of the proverbs, détournements/detours and highlighted phrases collected, distinguishing their meaning, possible variations and indexations; 3 categorization of the détournements/detours-captação and subversão; 4. Tabulation of the proverbial utterances and/or détournements/detours in quotes, aiming to verify/distinguish the implications of the use of quotation marks, an example of shown marked heterogeineity; and 5. Application of the principles of Ducrot (1987), particularly observing the cases of negation and  pressupositon,  to distinguish, in a single utterance, the emergence of more than one voice. Preliminary results show that the proverbial utterances and détournements/detours contribute to the materiality of the FDs in so far as they are what Réboul (1975, p. 123, author’s emphasis) calls “ideological style”. Eminently ideological and argumentative, they neatly cross the borders between the very interior and exterior of the discourses, showing a glimpse of the regularities of the discursive formations.

This research, inserted in the methodological perspective of cultural transfers, from Michel Espagne (2017), aims to verify the Machadian reception of the ideas of Madame de Staël (1766-1817) in transit in the 19th century. Based on the notions of crossing, assimilation and re-assertion and focusing on the recent results of the project on the transatlantic circulation of printed matter (ABREU, 2016-2020), (GRANJA; LUCA, 2018) and (PONCIONI; LEVIN, 2018), and the research of the Dossier "Transits, exchanges and cultural transfers" (XAVIER; AUGUSTI & MOLLIER, 2019), we analyzed the mentions (SENNA, 2008) to Madame de Staël in the writings of Machado de Assis in an attempt to outline the crossing of ideas between the two authors. To this end, we have used sources such as periodicals, catalogues of booksellers, catalogues of the Machado de Assis library (MASSA, 1961), book sales announcements and auctions of works and general writings of Rio de Janeiro intellectuals of the eighteen hundred, from which we have confirmed the presence of works and ideas of Mme. de Staël in circulation in Brazil. The research showed the literary affinity between the Franco-Swiss writer and the Brazilian author, given the proven presence of allusions to Staël's baroness in various segments of machadian writing: in fiction, critical texts and letters.

The expressiveness of people who communicate through sign languages is usually something that draws a lot of attention. In this regard, it was the interest in investigating the influence of movements made by the human body (face expression, gaze direction, movement of the shoulders, head, torso and the like) that are not related to the hands which conducted this study, which has as objective verifying how and to what extent these non-manual indicators contribute to the meaning construction in Libras. Therefore, anchored in the framework theory  (FILLMORE, 1982; DUQUE 2015) we chose a sign of Libras (as it does not have an exact equivalence in Portuguese, it was demonstrated by images in the introduction) and we examined its use in three videos, available on Youtube, with dialogues of signaling, deaf and hearing people, involving different language games (WITTGENSTEIN, 1932; DUQUE, 2016). Supported by the ecological-cognitive approach of language (DUQUE, 2017), we found that it is the non-manual indicators that will lead to dialogue, making those involved share the same language games, serving as a trigger for activating the frames. The main evidence is the fact that it is these indicators that will bring the information that is essential for understanding an utterance, but that was not explicit through the manual components.

In an inclusive perspective, the special education and deaf studies have fought battles in the academic field regarding the deaf people along the last years. In what concerns to the social issue, there were many distinct approaches and focuses adopted, which even culminated in different terminologies. One of the most discussed example in scientific literature is the terms “person with hearing disability” in opposition to “deaf person”. Above any controversies around the option for one of those terms, there is the fact that people with hearing disabilities, whether exposed or not to signal languages, were left aside by social studies. As a result, there are very few researches about them. With that said, this research aims to identify the dialogical clashes and the forms of colonial objectification in the process of transition of identity of people with hearing disabilities. To do so, our theoretical perspective is based on the studies about colonial objectification (BHABHA, 1994; 1998; FANON, 1681; BOAVENTURA SANTOS E MENEZES, 2009), identity (HALL, 2006; BAUMAN, 2005), the conception of language of Bakhtin Circle (BAKHTIN, 1997; 2002; FARACO, 2009; VOLÓCHINOV, 2017; BRAIT, 2005; 2017; SOBRAL, 2019) and, finally, Deaf Culture, (PERLIN, 2003; 2016; STROBEL, 2008; 2009; QUADROS, 2019; LADD, 2013). Our subjects were six (6) deaf students of the undergraduate course Letras – Libras and Portuguese Language at UFRN. The data were collected through a half-structured interview, in Libras, using the round of conversation format. From this analysis, the following categories emerged: transition of identity, colonial objectification and dialogical clashes. We observed that the people with hearing disabilities enjoy the possibility of transition of identity when they get in touch with signal language and with other deaf people. In this process, the forces of language are accentuated, once they enable the Identity of the deaf to substitute the reach of the hearing standard. However, those forces remain in the process of boiling, since forces of containment/monologization and resistance/subversion also exist in deaf communities. That said, we evoke the importance that deaf ways of being are kept away from dichotomies oriented towards normality / abnormality, and that we can unlearn to learn, so that speaking deaf people can (re)exist.

We investigate in this Ph.D. thesis the composition and meaning effects of the observable argumentative and rhetorical resources in the discursive representations of the charge against Renan Calheiros, Aníbal Gomes and Paulo Twiaschor – named charges the SERVENG case. To guide the investigation, we seek to answer how do discursive representations - images of the enunciator, co-enunciator and the topics dealt with - contribute to the persuasive effectiveness of argumentation, in which ways do the proofs by the logos, pathos and ethos are constructed in favor of an effective argumentation and how linguistic and discursive choices are used by the enunciator to construct discursive representations and logical, ethical and pathetic proofs. Consistent with these questions, we aim to clarify the argumentative function of the discursive representations constructed in the text and discourse; to explain the discursive representations effects on the effectiveness of argumentation; explain how logos, pathos and ethos are constructed and used in favor of a certain argumentative orientation, as well as to clarify how the linguistic and discursive choices are used by the enunciator for argumentative and rhetorical interests in the construction of discursive representations and for the logical, ethical and pathetic proofs. Our theoretical affiliation follows the constructs of the Textual Analysis of Discourses (TAD), by Adam (2011), with contributions by Rodrigues, Passeggi and Silva Neto (2010). In what concerns the study of argumentation, we rely on Aristotle (1969 [384-322 a.C]), Perelman, Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996), Plantin (2008), Koch (2009; 2011), Pinto (2010) and Fiorin (2014, 2015). Specifically, in the studies on logos, pathos and ethos, we rely on the works of Maingueneau (2008, 2014), Amossy (2014, 2018) and Adam (2014). In a methodological way, we adopt the deductive and inductive approach, since we start from general knowledge (theoretical theories and categories) for particular cases and, from the analysis, by induction, we list particular knowledge with possibilities of reaching certain generalizations. Regarding the nature of the sources used, we classify the research in a bibliographical and documentary approach, having, according to its objectives, an investigation of descriptive and explanatory character, with a qualitative approach to the studied material. The corpus of the investigation is the charge of the SERVENG case, delivered in 2016 to Minister Teori Zavascki, who denounces the practice of crime against the public administration. The results showed that the text plan adopted - according to the parts of the rhetorical discourse - plays a fundamental role in clarifying the facts and giving the situation reported and denounced the necessary verisimilitude regarding the formulation of the problem, the narration of the facts, as well as the demonstration and preparation of evidence. It also reveals that the poles of logos, pathos and ethos are more complementary than competitors and, in the various argumentative movements, these poles crossed in the construction and maintenance of certain argumentative and interpretative schemas, with the construction of negative semantic fields in which refers to the actions and the discursive representations of the three denounced.

TRANSITIVE MOVEMENT EVENT: USE, COGNITION AND CONSTRUCTION NETWORK

In this thesis, I examine the semantic and syntactic coding of the transitive movement event with the final objective of proposing a hierarchical network of construction with movement verbs complemented by a direct object noun phrase (NP_OD) and a prepositioned phrase (PP). I conceptualize the verb of transitive movement (VMT) as one complemented by two or three arguments that involves the total movement of at least one entity from one place to another, whose notion of displacement of something or someone is configured as the main idea. Based on the observation of the contexts of use of constructs with this verb, I propose a hierarchical construction network that accommodates the different patterns that can instantiate the construction of transitive movement (CMT), considering aspects of the VMT's argumentative configuration and the cognitive schemes underlying these patterns. The theoretical basis of this thesis combines assumptions arising from Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso (LFCU), Cognitive Linguistics (LC) and the Construction Grammar (GC). The analysis categories adopted are mainly related to transitivity, semantic roles, prototypicity, frame semantics, image schemes and conceptual metaphors. The research carried out is of a deductive nature with a methodological character starting from a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative). The data supporting the analysis were collected from different sources: O Corpus Discurso & Gramática (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998); the JFRN’s Sentencing Bank; the Database of the “Program for Studies on the Use of Language at UFRJ”, Project PEUL; and texts available online on websites of widely circulated magazines. The results revealed the existence of a construction scheme organized syntactically as NP_SUBJECT + V_MOVEMENT + NP_{DIRECT OBJECT} + (PP) which sanctions three subschemas and seven micro-constructions, which, in turn, reveal notions of caused movement, traveled movement and associated movement.

Based on research about Executive Functions (EF), Training of Executive Functions and Socioeconomic Status (SES), the present study investigated: (a) training of executive functions using tablet like games and its impact on scholastic achievement (b) the relationship between socioeconomic status and Executive Functions. Seventy-two students enrolled in the third and fourth years of two schools in the city of Natal / RN - one public and one private - were volunteers of this study. The students were divided into two groups: an experimental group and another active control group. The students participated in ten training sessions (using specific games for each group). The main contributions of this study are: the possibility to better understand the relationships between SES, executive functions and school performance related to this specific group; the possibilities for adjustments and application of games that are effective for the same group; and to diminish the differences in learning progress of children from underprivileged socioeconomic conditions.

The term melancholy is considered a slippery slope concept by researchers in the field because it can designate from a philosophical inspiration, in the words of the Greek philosopher Aristotle, passing through a morbid prostration, as Freud (1980) points out, by a being adrift of existence, in the contemporary understanding of Denilson Lopes (1999), finally , to be situated by Lambotte (2000) in an independent configuration, because neither it is located in the set of the neuroses nor of the psychoses. The novel A breath of life - Pulsations (1999) and The Hour of the Star (1998) are a complex work, because it addresses existential and deep issues. The story is marked by unimaginable strength and beauty. It revolves around only two characters: the Author and Angela Pralini. This brings the northeastern Macabéa as the protagonist. The main objective of the current text is to try to understand melancholy from a theoretical point of view, in addition to understanding it in the referred literary works. In the first chapter, it was prioritized to open the thesis with an introduction about the topic discussed. In the second, there was a survey of the critical fortune of Clarice Lispector's works. In the third chapter, in order to do so, this chapter had the theoretical support of the book O que é corpo (1994), by José Gaiarsa, O discurso melancólico (1997) by Marie-Claude Lambotte and Mourning and Melancholia (1980) by Sigmund Freud. Then, in a second opportunity, the novel was analyzed by the bias of the melancholic language. Through her uninterrupted speech, she moves between paths in her discourse that reveals her decaying interior before the world erected by men. Through this eclipsed temporal space, between the flow and the mobility, it reveals subjects so valued to psychoanalysis: generalized inhibition, specular problematic and negativism. Finally, in a fifth chapter, we sought to weave a relationship between beauty and melancholy. Thus, the theoretical text, the basis for this work, is Umberto Eco's On Ugliness (2014) and Umberto Eco’s On Beauty (2014). The author equates the concept of beauty historically and critically in order to gradually arrive at the concept of ugliness, and the way it socially acquired relevance, from the concept of beauty to gradually go to the concept of ugliness, as well as having acquired relevance in society. Furthermore, Clarice Lispector's short story Beauty and the Beast or the Wound Too Large was chosen as a way of understanding this beauty emanating from the eyes of the melancholy. In the last chapter, all the work carried out to date has been completed. As for the methodology, there was the use of the literary and theoretical bibliographic search to reach the end proposed for the time being. The basic theoretical text for this endeavor is that of Lambotte (1997). Denilson Lopes (1999) and Kristeva (1987) - in addition to other texts, theoretically added the understanding of this interrelation. Finally, with the result, it is expected to expand the deepening of melancholy, contributing to a more informed society, mainly about the difference between melancholy and depression, besides that the study of that in the works of Clarice Lispector will be extended

 Judicial and political discursive domains present a variety of discursive textual genres. This universe presents genres that belong to both judicial as well as political domains, which is the case of our object of investigation: the defense against an accusation, and the solicitation for the impeachment of ex-president Dilma Vanna Rousseff, which occured in 2016. In carrying out the research, our general objective was to analyze the Point of View (POV), the Enunciative Responsibility (ER), and the Argumentation in the defense text regarding the Denunciation of the Crime of Responsability nº 1, de 2015. To achieve this, our specific objectives are as follows: i) to identify the linguistic marks that contribute to the construction of the POV; ii) to identify the materialization of the (non)assumption of enunciative responsibility; iii) to recognize the argumentative organizers and markers that contribute to the construction of the author’s POV; iv) to describe the linguistic strategies that lead toward the (non) assumption of the enunciative reponsibility; v) to analyze and interpret the linguistic marks and strategies that provide the recognition of the POV, and of the (non) assumption of the enunciative responsibility. The choice of this genre is justified in its social significance as it deals with a case involving the entire country, implicating political, economic and social consequences, besides presenting characteristics that are pertinent to our theoretical approach. The corpus favors the gathering of different voices, oftentimes establishing the use of discursive argumentation. This study is characterized as qualitative-interpretivist documentary research. Our theoretical mooring is based on researches by Adam (2011, 2018, 2018a), which aim to study the (con)textual production of meanings in concrete texts. Along this line, among the angles proposed, we focus on POV, enunciative responsibility, and argumentative orientation. Dialoguing with this approach we present studies by Rabatel  (2008, 2009, 2015, 2016, 2017), addressing these categories, configuring thus, an enunciative and discursive approach. Similarly, we include Guentchévá (1994, 2011, 2014) to address mediativity and evidentiality. The analysis of the data reveals the presence of the POV of the S/E1 (first speaker enunciator), in relation to the enunciative responsibility in two moves: (1) the imputation, in other words, the (non)assumption of enunciative responsibility, and (2) the assumption of enunciative responsibility . The factors most frequently evoked by the S1/E1, the Attorney General, José Eduardo Cardoso, were: reported discourse (direct and indirect), the media framework (secondary enunciators), indexes of people, verbal expressions in the first person, modal expressions (evaluative lexemes), along with typographical marks (in bold and italics) and the graphic sign of quotation marks. The argumentation appears also from the evaluative lexemes that reveal enunciative-argumentative stances of the S1/E1. The use of these enunciative devices, in the textual discursive genre under analysis, reveals enunciative-argumentative stances of the S1/E1 in relation to the POVs of the secondary-enunciators. This occurs in the following ways: (1) in the agreement, through the conjunction of the POV, of the S1/E1 with the e2, and (2) the disagreement, through textual devices that refute the POV of the S1/E1 with the POV of the e2, revealing, thus a contrary POV. Finally, the analysis shows that the managing of voices and the organization of the POV frame the construction of the argumentative sway in defense of the accused.

This thesis has as its object of study the constitution of subjectivities of elderly artists, considered celebrities in the artistic milieu, derived from discursive practices whose meanings permeate the media artifacts, among them the advertising ones, published on websites and electronic magazines and published between 2011 and 2020.The central issue lies in the way in which celebrities use self-techniques in their utterances, seeking to build types of subjectivities that do not inscribe them as decrepit individuals and doomed to social ostracism or the condition of “human refuse” in order to contribute to maintaining its visibility after 60 years.The discursivities present in the speeches of the interviews granted or in the opinion articles of the media environment were categorized based on statements whose effects of meaning originated from discursive positions that point to techniques aimed at self-care. The corpus is initially composed of speeches by 22 celebrities, including actors, singers and journalists.The study, linked to Applied Linguistics, is based on the theoretical postulates of Foucault and Bauman and language theorists, with an emphasis on modes of subjectivity, the art of self-care (FOUCAULT, 2002) and the notion of refuse (BAUMAN, 2015) . The initial analyzes suggest discursivities that point to the concern about the finitude of the individual and the care of the self focused on attention to the body.

1.      RESUMO EM INGLÊS:

Hall (2006), in his research in the field of Cultural Studies, points to the fragmentation of identity in its different and possible constructions; Bauman (2005), in turn, discusses identity liquidity, its property of constant change of form. Finally, Bakhtin argues that the subject is not a fixed entity, but transits in a movement of (re) signification, in constant relationship with itself and with the other. For him and his Circle, from the moment that something is stated, it starts to mean, refract and reflect. It is from this plurality of identity that the discourse emerges and we perceive a constant tension in it, that is, the statements are embedded in: ideologies, responsibility / responsiveness, otherness and discursive memory. The (de) constructions of these subjects are the result of this tension and to try to resolve it, the subject feels the need to talk about it. In this way, the dynamics of identity, fluid and plural, permeates the discourse, showing the relationship that the subject builds with himself/herself and with the other, which Bakhtin already pointed out as a dialogical relationship. That is, there is a growing and urgent need for the subject to belong, to be, to stay and to get his/her truth heard, either through demands - for example, by joining social movements, feminist movements, partisan movements, - or by deconstructions disconnected from these movements or by positions, derived from personal experiences, showing the social impositions, constructions and subversions of patterns, accepted and rejected ideologies. Fragmentation takes place in time and space, in a relationship of exotopia and chronotopy, in this direction, the boundaries between public and private are narrowed, through social networks, they become fluid, they fade, while also changing. The old and new format coexist in a liquid form, enabling the structures new, or returning to them as soon as the subject wishes, therefore, my physical self and my virtual self, my personal and public life, my real and intimate relationships and my relationships only through a screen are already mixed in such a way that they can be confused with each other. In this fragmentation that leads us to think beyond the structural and compositional aspects of language, we realize the need to analyze and understand how certain discourses are (re) produced, circulate and are (or are not) accepted in social practices, how they contribute or not for this identity (re) signification. Thus, in order to analyze this multifaceted dimension, we took a corpus of fifty Tweets below the hashtag #enemfeminista, of which twenty-four were chosen as samples, a sign that arises from the theme “The persistence of violence against women” by the ENEM (acronym for Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio; translation High School National Exam) 2015 essay. The objective of this paper is, therefore, to understand how certain discourses are (re) produced, circulate and are (or are not) accepted in social practices, how they or not to this (re) identity meaning. To subsidize the research, we will use Cultural Studies, Feminist Studies and Applied Linguistics, starting from the theoretical methodological framework of Dialogic Discourse Analysis, and finally, the texts of Bakhtin and Circle. The research showed us, in the first instance, the confirmation of fragmented identities, coexisting in the midst of a turbulent political-social conjuncture; in the second instance, we perceive the compelling need for belonging emitted by the subjects in their statements, as well as the considerable influence of the communicative spheres, through discourses that show macrogroups - feminists x anti-feminists-, at the same time that they are fragmented into plural micro identities.

This work aims to analyse the textual-discursive representations enunciated by
José Dirceu at his trial sessions in TRF4, STJ and STF in the context of Operação
Lava-Jato (Operation Carwash). Such study is relevant both for its interdisciplinary
approach of Linguistics and Law and for the great interest that Brazilian society
has shown in Operation Carwash, highlighted in the juridical, political and mediatic
sceneries. The currency of the subject justifies the attention it has received of
Linguistics researches. This work, particularly, has the goal of identifying José
Dirceu’s textual-discursive representations (re)constructed by the judges and
ministers in their respective court judgments; and of investigating the linguistic
strategies that (re)constructed those textual-discursive representations,
considering the argumentative purposes that the judges of the Courts of Justice
and the ministers of the High Courts attempt to articulate in their discourses of
denegation or concession of the habeas corpus asked by the accused, whilst
describing possible motives for those discursive choices in the settlement of a
certain signification in the court judgements. Based on that, this study pertains to
the Textual Linguistics and, more specifically, to the Textual Discourse Analysis
(ATD), theory developed by Jean-Michel Adam (2011 [2008]). The concept of
textual-discursive representation proposed by ATD is one of the most important
aspects of the text’s semantics dimension and of the Natural Logic by J. B. Grize
(1996[1990]). Alongside those theories, this work considers the court judgement a
social fact, inserted in a system of genres, as proposed by Bazerman (2006, 2007,
2009). Aiming to discuss the textual-discursive representations and its textualizing
operations – referencing and predication –, the research resorts to the studies of
Castilho (2010), Rodrigues, Passeggi (2001, 2012), Mateus (2003), amongst
others. Through a qualitative and documentary approach, based on inductive
reasoning, the description and interpretation of our corpus is realized with the
intent of (re)constructing José Dirceu’s textual-discursive representations. The
corpus is compounded by 5 (five) court judgements of the habeas corpus number
503454282.2015.4.04.0000/PR, judged by the aforementioned Brazilian courts, in
the context of the preventive detention of defendant José Dirceu, former minister
of the Civil House in president Luis Inácio Lula da Silva’s government. Initial
results indicate that the textual-discursive representations restrain the
schematization process of construction and/or interpretation of a reality in a given
textual materiality, being, furthermore, inserted in an interactive, dialogic and
argumentative sphere. That seems to be a consequence of the textual-discursive
representations of the defendant being made by the description and interpretation
of the linguistic, textual and discursive choices of the judges in writing their
judgments, to which text and context are articulated to produce the desired effects
of signification. Therefore, the defendant’s textual-discursive representations can
be considered, enunciatively, as the result of argumentative strategies aimed to
promote discursive actions particular to social, discursive and juridical realms.

This qualitative research of ethnographic-critical nature is based on the principle that discussions about engagement, empowerment and transformation in the family, community and school spheres are necessary in our current situation. The research environments are the Municipal School Professor Ulisses de Góis and the neighborhood of Nova Descoberta - Natal - RN. The 100 collaborators are made up of members of the school team, students from a first-year class of elementary school, family members and external agents linked to ten different establishments. With regard to data generation procedures, a community literacy project was carried out in 2017, during an academic year, with the collaborators involved, carrying out reading, speaking and writing actions that enabled school-family-community engagement, registered in the online resource e-book entitled “Nova(s) Descoberta(s) of our neighborhood: families, memories and stories”. The general objective of the research was to discuss a community literacy project and its impacts on the resizing of speech, reading and writing practices in the school space. Specifically, we seek to (i) characterize the network of activities developed in the community literacy project; (ii) identify strategies for actions, events and practices that favor the articulation between school-family-community; (iii) reflect on learning spaces in the community from the school as a catalyst for actions; (iv) establishing articulation between local knowledge and school knowledge through mobilized literacy practices. Literacy studies (Street, 1984, 2011, 2014; Barton; Hamilton; Ivanic, 1993; Hamilton, 2000; Kleiman, 1995, 2005, 2006, 2016; Rojo, 2009; Oliveira, 2010a, 2010b; Oliveira; Tinoco; Santos, 2014) are assumed as a theoretical reference, focusing on community literacy issues (Heath, 1983; Barton, Hamilton, 1998; Heath, 2004; Barton, Ivanic, Appleby, Hodge, Tusting, 2007). The concepts of deterritorialization, learning community, local knowledge and school knowledge are also worked on centrally. From the discussions undertaken, analytical categories were listed as network of activities, school-family-community engagement, deterritorialization of places of learning and cultural artifacts and local knowledge. The analyzes indicate that, through the project “Nova(s) Descoberta(s): school, family and community”, knowledge not traditionally made available in the school space was mobilized via language, focusing on the interests of the subjects and the valorization of local culture, which contributes to the critical understanding of the study environment and to the creation of new relationships between teacher, researcher, student, family and community.

This cross-sectional mixed-method study (Dörnyei, 2007) aims at investigating the relationship between pre-task planning, working memory capacity and L2 speech production. Fifty-six speakers of English as L2, at a pre-intermediate (n = 46) and a near-native (n = 10) level of speaking proficiency, integrated the cohort of the study. The pre-intermediate learners were exposed to a here-and-now picture-description task in which they used the L2 to described three pictures, for one minute each. Each picture was described under a pre-task planning condition. Under the no-planning condition, participants described the picture immediately, without planning their output. Under the oral and written conditions, participants planned their output for one minute prior to task performance, by orally rehearsing it or by taking notes. Speech production was analyzed in terms of complexity (number of t-units), accuracy (number of errors per 100 words), weighted lexical density (proportion of new words produced with lexical and grammatical properties) and fluency (speech rate unpruned and speech rate pruned). Planning processes were investigated by means of a delayed verbal protocol and working memory capacity was measured through the speaking span test (Weissheimer, 2007) in L1 (Brazilian Portuguese). Additionally, speech samples were analyzed through graphs in which the nodes represent the words and the edges represent the trajectory of the words produced (Mota et al., 2016, 2019). Analyses were conducted within-subjects, in order to find out which planning condition yields better results in terms of more complex, more accurate, more lexically dense and more fluent speech, and between-subjects, including memory as a factor following an extreme-group design. Graph analysis was conducted with the purpose of investigating speech production within the continuum between the pre-intermediate and the nativelike level of L2 proficiency. In general, results indicate an advantage of pre-task planning over the no-planning condition, irrespective of the modality it assumes. Speech planned under the oral and written planning conditions outscored the speech produced under the no-planning condition and the positive effects emerged with only one minute of planning. The same trend was observed when working memory capacity was included as a factor, although the two memory groups (higher and lower spans) diverged in relation to the variables most affected by pre-task planning. With regard to planning processes, participants seem to have preferred planning for a least one minute to not planning at all and identified advantages and disadvantages of the oral and written planning conditions.

The rape scenes presented in Capitães da Areia (1937) by Jorge Amado and Terra Sonâmbula (1992) by Mia Couto are investigated in this study. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the assumption that the blame for such crime is often placed on the victim. For this purpose, the female characters Negrinha e Farida were selected as the main focus of this study, emphasizing the way that both are represented in the same situation – the sexual abuse. This study analyzed the following inquiries: (i) is there a male supremacy in the social relations presented in the narratives? (ii) do the lexical choices in the descriptions of scenes and female characters refer to a situation of female inferiority? (iii) is there a female desire in the rape scene that perpetuates the idea that the victim is responsible for the violence? (iv) what are the main similarities and differences between the characters and scenes descriptions in both novels and what are the meaning effects that the women representation subject cause on the reader? The contributions of the Comparative Literature were used as theoretical background to the literary studies (Coutinho and Carvalhal, 2011; Nitrini, 1997). Furthermore, the definition of sexual and ethical violence was addressed in this research in order to achieve a state of non-violence, which is backed by Butler (2016), Gomes (2016), Solnit (2017) and Zolin (2009). At last, the heterodiscourses approached in Bakhtin (2014 and 2015) were analyzed. In conclusion, the results showed that the literary works forementioned present sexual abuse descriptions with different approaches, which refer to social issues and inner values – one of the novels criticizes the posture of the abuser one while the other objectifies the abused one.

.This dissertation investigates conditional and final junctors in a corpus composed by 138 online news about DilmaRousseff‘s impeachment from four journals produced in Natal city (Rio Grande do Norte-Brazil), in order to verify in which point of the continuum between orality and literacy, postulated by Koch & Oesterreicher (1992), the news are detected. For this purpose, we join the Discoursive Traditions model (TD) (KOCH, 1997) and the syntactic-semantic categorization model, proposed by Blühdorn (1999), which considers the temporal, epistemic and deontic domain (LYONS, 1977; SWEETSER, 1990), trying to answer the following questions: which conditional and final junctors are present in the corpus? In which conceptual domains are these junctors and how are they distributed among the news? In which point of the continuum are the news and the journals in relation to each other? Based on those enquiries, the following aims were stablished: identify conditional and final junctors in the corpus¸ according to the integration levels criteria, semantic relations, entities order and conceptual domain; analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the distribution of these junctors in the considered texts; and indicate where news and journals are in the continuum between orality and literacy. The results allow the view of a similar behavior in all portals, with a drift towards the literacy pole and a high use of simple preposition in the temporal/deontic domains, followed by the use of conditional relations in the temporal domain. This distribution of the junctors can be explained by three main TDs found: the narrative ethos of the news, the journalistic language recommended by the writing and style manuals, and the mirroring in newspapers of national circulation, which are often cut and adapted by local newspapers. This research seeks to contribute for the study of the semantic changing, cooperating for the Brazilian Portuguese‘s history within the state of Rio Grande do Norte.

Many challenges are faced, daily, by the Brazilian indigenous communities. In the context of school education, in particular, one of the major problems is the interference of the hegemonic curriculum - reproduced widely among educational institutions throughout the country - in the pedagogical practices of indigenous teachers and students. Contrary to homogeneity and curricular inflexibility, these teachers try hard to build a specific, differentiated, intercultural, bilingual/multilingual and community education into the schools in which they work, which is in accordance with the beliefs and customs of their group and also that meets their real needs. Among the alternatives that fit this reality, we suggest the literacy projects (KLEIMAN, 2000), understood in this research as a didactic device that considers social practice as the organizing axis of teaching. Based on the Applied Linguistics, transgressive area in theory and disciplinarity (PENNYCOOK, 2006), this study aims, with a qualitative-interpretative nature and an ethnographic bias,  to investigate the impacts of a collaborative literacy project in a public school of the Amarelão, a local traditional community constituted, ethnically, by the Potiguara. To do so, we take as the object of analysis the practices of reading, writing and speech employed in the aforementioned school. As a theoretical support, we rely mainly on Literature Studies (GEE, 1998; BARTON and HAMILTON, 2000; STREET, 1984; JANKS, 2010; KLEIMAN, 1995; OLIVEIRA, TINOCO and SANTOS, 2014); in Critical Pedagogy (MCLAREN, 2005; GIROUX, 2003; APPLE, 1993; FREIRE, 1967), focusing on Red Pedagogy (GRANDE, 2004); and in Postcolonial and Subaltern Studies (BHABHA, 1998; WOODWARD, 2005; SAID, 1990; SPIVAK, 2010; WEEDON, 2004; HALL, 2005). The data generated during the actions allow us to affirm that the literacy projects, in harmony with the official documents that currently govern indigenous school education, such as the National Curriculum Framework for Indigenous Schools, constitute a social practice that, instead of reproducing silences, allow the indigenous students to act with/on/for their culture.

This is an Action Research study based on the theoretical and methodological concepts developed by Tripp (2005) which aim to promote a change in the English language classes (Level 1) using the model designed by Almeida Filho (2007) for Foreign-language teaching using communicative methods in schools, and also by implementing the role-play technique in the classroom (HAYCRAFT, 1986; LADOUSSE,1989; CROOKALL & OXFORD, 1990) in order to promote the students’ oral skills. The study involves the participation of 33 students aged between 16 to 22 at the Integrated Technical High School in IFRN, Campus João Câmara. The data used for this intervention was first collected by questionnaire, after which the responses were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of that analysis showed that the communicative-classroom model is actually effective and that roleplays offer an excellent technique for fostering oral production in the classroom.

Audio-description is a discursive genre that consists of the inter-semiotic images translation, in other words, it is a translation from one sign system to another, with intention to guarantee autonomy of visually impaired people in the process of inclusion into life and culture (ALVES, 2012, 2014; ALVES; TELES; PEREIRA, 2011, 2017; MOTTA; ROMEU FILHO, 2010). Thereby, this study comprehends movie with audio-description as a “sound movie”, produced by verbal signs that support and subordinate themselves thematically to imagetic signs. For this reason, this dissertation has as theoretical approach cultural semiotics theorists Mikhail Bakhtin (2011, 2015, 2016, 2017), Pavel Medvedev (2012) and Valentin Voloshinov (2013, 2017), main representatives of language dialogical studies, trying to understand how is the process of appropriation and transmission of the other person statement. In addition, it has base in the filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein (2002), defending the notion of movie as an artistic product dialogically constructed, as a presentation of interaction relationships between subjects and, therefore, crossed by ideological value and positioning, not as a neutral artistic object. The voices union of these subjects will allow reflect about ways of appropriating and transmitting the others’ voice in the audio-description, able to promote the inclusion accessible to video-graphic resources in the perspective of the responsive autonomy of the visually impaired person. To this, it tries to understand the appropriation process of main theme/meaning in audiovisual material and how the seeing audio-describers translate it to words. In addition, it analyzes relationships between disabled audio-describers and audio-descriptor-writers point of view related to the appropriation and transmission of the audiovisual other’ discuss materialized in the scripts audio-descripts. To this, it aims to comprehend a sense notion that movie (image and sound) brings of social valuation and outsider’s eye and ways to transmit theme, by some linguistic-discursive resources to people with visual impairment.It takes as an empirical object the script building process, made by three groups of people: seeing audiodescriptor-writers, seeing audiodescriptors-consultants and, finally, blind audiodescriptors-consultants. This research has a qualitative-interpretative essence, linked to Applied Linguistics (MOITA LOPES, 2006), as well as to accessible audio-visual translation, art and inclusion and cinema studies.

This study aims to work on some Languages College students’ representations about being Portuguese teachers tied to how they build their professional identity during their first semesters. Fresh students, junior and senior students from the Languages College at the main campus, in the city of Natal, from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte state, who will become Portuguese teachers, were the research participants. It has been guided by the theoretical background on the concept of people’s language, subject and language by Bakhtin and his circle (1992, 1998, 2011); also on identities adopted from the social and historic-cultural perspective which highlights its multiple, unstable character as it is proposed by Hall (2015), besides also being guided by the studies about professional identity proposed by Dubar (2005). The general objective is to investigate the identity process of some Portuguese Language Students’ identity process at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte state, because it is understood that the teaching identities are (re)built specially in this teaching/learning space and not only by talks but above all showed by the voices expressed, full of values, ideologies, positions which permit some possible identification of these subjects. A semi structured questionnaire, in a qualitative-interpretative approach, was applied for Portuguese Language students during the semesters 2017.2 and 2018.2 at UFRN in three different moments of the course. By analyzing the data, at first it was showed that, even though the professional identities is built before the first semesters at college, they are mostly made and shown from experiences they live at college and these experiences has some links to the process of building professional skills as well as during the reflection about their teaching. As result, our study points at the existence of reflection about their teaching, the build of their professional identity as teachers and also some concerns on their teaching/leaning process as teachers which is not always a passive experience.

This study reports on an action research of a pedagogical intervention focused on written production from a perspective of Genre Pedagogy (ROSE;MARTIN, 2012) in the teaching/learning of English as an Additional Language (EAL), in the context of a 9th grade class of a public City School in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. This research is characterized as action research (TRIPP, 2005), quali-quantitative and is based on the Theory of Genre and Register (TGR) (MARTIN, ROSE, 2008), which, in turn, is based on the premises of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY, MATHIESSEN, 2014, EGGINS, 2004, among others). The methodology of the pedagogical intervention is based on the strategies (Teaching Cycle) in the Reading to Learn program (R2L) (ROSE, 2013), which constitute a series of workshops in written comprehension and production some of which we applied over a 9 week period. We adapted these strategies, which aim to close the gap in classrooms in an accelerated way through explicit learning so that all students read and write at the appropriate level. Thus, we established as objectives: to identify the impact of the Teaching Cycle (TC) on the group of lowest performing students in one 9th grade English class; record how the TC contributes to the professor-researcher's practice; and identify the collaborators' impressions regarding the pedagogical intervention. To achieve these objectives, methods included: the application of pre and post intervention programs and quantification of the students' scores based on the criteria established in the R2L rubric; the register of impressions and adaptations of the teacher-researcher in a journal of reflections on the intervention; the application of an exit questionnaire to the participants with narrative questions in which lexical items within the Appraisal system (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005) were identified and quantified. Results show that all of the participants increased their scores at least one semester level and the majority increased four semester levels and higher -- including those in the group of the lowest scoring initially, some of whom advanced up to 7 semester levels. In addition, teacher-researcher reflections point to the need and benefits of further applications and adaptations, and more formal training in this method; and finally, the impressions of the student participants can be characterized within the Appraisal system under the subtype Attitude, as largely falling in the category of appreciation evaluating positively, primarily in the following types - reaction: quality, impact; and valuation: relevance. Thus, we hope that the results can promote reflections on pedagogical practices and at the same time contribute to the research in Applied Linguistics with regard to teaching English as an Additional language in the public schools of the Northeast.

This dissertation analyses, through variational sociolinguistics' point of view (LABOV, 1994, 2001a, 2001b, 2008 [1972]; TAGLIAMONTE, 2016, 2012), the phenomenon of discursive variation between adversative connectors MAS - prototypical adversative conjunction - and SÓ QUE - an innovative form -, through the use of sociolinguistic interviews' collected data that belong to the FALA-Natal Database, contributing to the description of the Portuguese spoken in Rio Grande do Norte. For the delimitation of the different functions of MAS and SÓ QUE, we based our work on Longhin's (2003) proposal, which is, in turn, based on Lakoff's (1971), Dascal and Katriel's (mimeo) and Ducrot (1977, 1981, 1983, 1987) studies. The author proposes that the contrast indication is divided into two types: contrast by opposition and by breach of expectation. The breach of expectation involves several subtypes: marking the difference, marking the unexpected/unwanted event, marking the refutation, marking the non-satisfaction of conditions and marking the counter-argumentation. The conjunctions MAS and SÓ QUE co-occur only in the contrast indication by breach of expectation, so we consider this function and its subtypes as our research's object. These conjunctions were analysed taking into account the informant's gender (female, male), age (preadolescents, adolescents and adults), education level (still in elementary school, complete elementary school, complete middle school and complete high school), the textual sequence (narrative, descriptive and argumentative) and function (marking the difference, marking the unexpected/unwanted event, marking the refutation, marking the non-satisfaction of conditions and marking the counter-argumentation). The data were submitted to the statistical program GOLDVARB X (SANKOFF; TAGLIAMONTE; SMITH, 2005). The results about the microfunctions showed that SÓ QUE, which is an innovative variant for the contrast indication representing a breach of expectation, was favoured in the most recent microfunctions: marking a difference, marking an unexpected/unwanted event and marking a non-satisfaction of conditions, while MAS was favored in the indication of the a counter-argument marking, which is older. As for the schooling process, we obtained indications that the school environment is responsible for inhibiting the use of the informal variant SÓ QUE. The other groups of factors were not significant in the variation process between MAS and SÓ QUE.

ABSTRACT

This research aims at understanding the dialogic correlation that exists between the religious discourse of the Koran and the theoretical, ideological, and identitary constitution of islamic feminism. To achieve so, select excerpts were collated dialogically from interviews with three islamic feminists who theorize about  islamic feminism and/or fight for the cause of women in Morroco in consonance with the verses of the Koran, with the end goal of understanding how the discourse that exists in the Koran is capable of influencing the construct of the islamic feminist theory and the identitary constitution of those women in particular, as well as of other women in that society. To analyze this phenomenon we resorted to different types of literature. To analyze the dialogic correlation of the aforementioned verses with the statements of the islamic feminists, we used the theory developed by the Bakhtin Circle (2002; 2007; 2010; 2015), Volochinov (2010), specifically when it comes to the concept of dialogism, discourse, ideology, and social voices. To understand the construct of the identity of those women, it was crucial to resort to cultural studies made to construct the comprehension of identity under the vision of Stuart Hall (2003; 2005; 2006; 2013), Woodward (2013). Aside from analytic theory, this research also pursued references in ocidental feminist theory, to document feminism in the Ocident: Consolim (2017) Ângela Davis (1982) Butler (1990), as well as islamic feminist theory, to understand its constitution: AsmaLamrabet (2007/2012/2015), Stéphanie Latte Abdallah (2010/2012), Margot Badran (2010), SouadEddouada e Renata Pepicelli (2010), e Malala Yousafzai (2013) Zahra Ali (2012) Cila Lima (2014). As a result, it was considered that the presence of Koranic religious discourse inside islamic feminism provides a certain proximity between the demands of this vernacular, since the reclaimed rights are based on religion, making possible the reconciliation with the religion professed by them. Finally, it was understood that the statements demonstrate that the Koranic discourse pass through the voices of the three feminists/activists and refracts in all domains of their lives, which evidently impacts in their identities as muslim women and defenders of women’s rights.

Keywords: Islamic Femionism. Dialogism. Identity. Koran’s Religious Discourse. Muslim woman.

Modernity presents itself fluid (BAUMAN, 2001), since time and space show themselves marked by dynamicity and by ceaseless moviment (HAN, 2015; CRARY, 2016). The rupture of the solids, of the unshakeable truths, of the plastified speeches and the impenetrable institutions, has launched us to the investigations of the discursive practices that happen in spheres that demand the construction of knowledge in order to comprehend the subject that is conceived in this fluid modernity. The social media, specifically, the Facebook, are part of people’s daily lives, as socio discursive spaces that magnify/potentialize/amplify and promote the emergence of varied discursive genres and text supports in this virtual chronotope (MELO, 2016). The new interactions, built by and on the internet, generate new social relationships, new relationship patterns with the other and with the world. This work aims to analyze the dialogical clashes that were/are constructed by, on the specified social media, more specifically, on the fanpages: Verdade Sem Manipulação (Truth without manipulation) and Movimento Endireita Brasil (Right Brazil Moviment), and how are constituted, discursively, these clashes on the concrete statements that compose the corpus of analysis. The cutout happened thematically-temporally, delimiting the theme “impeachment of former president Dilma Rousseff” in the period that comprehends since her acceptance by the president of the Chamber until her admissibility by her own self. To analyze this corpus, it is referred to the theoretical foundation of the Bakhtin Circle (1998, 2003, 2009, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) in what concerns the conception of language, constitutively dialogical; the dialogical clash and positioning/valuations. In what concerns the liquid modernity, it is resorted upon the postulations of Bauman (2001) and the culture of connection of Jenkins (2014). The construction of data, happened from the focus of the qualitative-interpretivist research,  making usage of the interpretation of linguistic/discursive indexes, from the indiciary paradigm of Ginzburg (1989). The results point to the presence of open controversies, whose dialogical processes are configured by means of bivocality, of subversion, of reaffirmation, of reframing, of disconnected statements in a fierce clash in the discursive arena, Facebook.

A morte de D.J. em Paris (1975), a collection of short stories signed by the Brazilian writer Roberto Drummond, was published in a context in which the authoritarian regime of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship made literary writing even more difficult in the country. Thus, writers often had to deal with an impasse: to write literature in order to say what was intended, and at the same time to pass through the scrutiny of censorship without harming the message and the aesthetic criterion. Based on the influences of the context on the literature of the time, this research aims mainly to investigate the way the short stories “Objetos pertencentes a Fernando B, misteriosamente desaparecido” e “A morte de D.J. em Paris” internalizes some contradictions of the context of the military dictatorship and to describe the main aesthetic procedures used by the author with this goal. In order to achieve these aims, the analysis was developed from methodology conception from Candido (1993); from Bakhtin's (2003; 2015) dialogic perspective and based on Eco (2013) considerations on ambiguity and "open work" e de Gouveia (2009) about the limits of short story theory.

This research analyzes the seridoensecultural memory in excerpts of the poetry work of the currais-novense’s writer Luís Carlos Guimarães. Two are the books of poetry studied: O aprendiz e a canção (1961) and As cores do dia (1965). From the first work was chosen “Galo”, the second “O Curral” and “O pai”. In the foreground there is a poetic tendency to represent/remember symbols that mark the architectural identity of the mesoregion, to note: the farm house, the corrals, among others; on the other hand, there is also a lyrical self that seeks to register, in its particular way, various cultural practices that, like the architectural landmarks, permeate the culture and the Seridó’s imaginary. Agriculture and livestock are listed as cultural practices that have had greater influence and recurrence. In the midst of the representation of architectural symbols and cultural practices also appear fundamental elements to the cultural integrity of the scenarios and, therefore, especially interconnected to both poles discussed above. They are animals - with emphasis on cattle and roosters - and agricultural crops such as corn and cotton. The result of this complex turn-based game is a singular and particular representation of a sertanejo’s environment. Cultural memories are organized in a hermetic and sometimes indistinct flow of images, making clairvoyant choice through a process of poetic construction that evokes landscapes and cultural practices prioritizing the defense of artistic expression without many barriers of reason. All the poems recover, by means of institutionalized memories, true icons of high identity content, made possible both an analysis of poetic representation and the study of the singular perspective of the poet who reinterprets them. For the proposed discussion, the research is based on the studies of: Nora (1993), Bosi (2007), Le Goff (2013), Halbwachs (2006), Ricœur (2007) to base discussions on memory; Assmann (1995; 1998; 2008;), A. Assmann (2011), Erll and Nunning (2003; 2008) regarding the theoretical perspective of cultural memory adopted; the postulates of Cascudo (1956, 1984, 1999, 2012), J. Lamartine (2006), O. Lamartine (1965, 1980, 2012, 2016); P. Lamartine (2004); Cirne (1979; 2013), Medeiros (1980) Medeiros Filho (1983), Mariz e Suassuna (2005), Trindade (2010), Macêdo (2012; 2015), Macêdo et al. (2018), Diniz (2008)with regard to the seridoense’s and potiguar’s culture/history.

The present research deals with a study about the relation of religious literacy and society, seeking to bring into focus evidences of the social transformations occasioned by the King 's Message Organization, existing since 1949, founded by the American missionary Minnie Lou Lanier, working with girls from 09 to 16 years. It had its mark in Rio de Janeiro, but today, we have presence of this organization in each Brazilian state. Our research is part of the field of Applied Linguistics (MOITA LOPES, 2013); Applied Critical Linguistics (RAJAGOPALAN, 2003). As far as our methodological approach is concerned, it is qualitative (CHIZZOTTI, 2005; BOGDAN, BIKLEN, 2006; ANDRÉ, 1996; CANÇADO, 1994). In terms of a theoretical approach, the research is based on the postulates of Literacy Studies (KLEIMAN, 2005; BAYNHAM, 1995; OLIVEIRA, 2010), as well as in Critical Literacy studies (FAJARDO, 2015, VASQUEZ, and finally, in Religious literacy (COULMAS, 2014; LOPES, 2006; WEBER, 2004; MONTEZANO, 2006). We aimed to identify this organization as an agency of literacy from the categories of Hamilton (2000) and also to show how the exercise of reading and writing in the life of the messenger of the King is influenced by the practice of religious literacy. In the course of the construction of this work we find positive notes of the influence of this organization generating agents that catalyze social changes.

With the main corpus of the novel Acenos e afagos (2008) by the writer João Gilberto Noll, the present work aims to make an analysis on the construction of the character-narrator and consequently of the contemporary narrative approaching the Neobarroque theory of Severo Sarduy (1979), this work will be given, supported by the schizoanalysis proposed by Deleuze and Guattari (2014) and other referential as the "body without organs" of Artaud – Filtered by the studies of Deleuze and Guattari (2014/2015), deterritorialization,  devir, and  rhizome, from the studies of the same duo of philosophers (2014/2015/2017), as well as the concepts of Baroque and Compossibility Deleuzian (2015). It will present a brief overview of the contemporary novel and the role of the narrator in this novel. We will deal with the Baroque novel and its artifices, besides making the approximation between the aforementioned concepts that help to study the contemporary narrative presenting a small sample of works by other authors, namely: Cobra (1975) by Severo Sarduy, Nossa Senhora das Flores (1983) by Jean Genet and Orlando (1986) by Virginia Woolf, whose narrators-characters, characters and/or narratives in transit, are already within a perspective of contemporary romance, whose rhizomatic characteristics, where the compossibilities in which they are conceived are given, point to the Baroque scripture. We will present a concise analysis of the fictional writing of Noll and his critical fortune in which will be made a journey on other Noll works, analyzing aspects of the narrative composition and of Noll's characters, namely: O cego e a dançarina (2008), A fúria do corpo (2008), Hotel Atlântico (1990), Lord (2004), and A céu aberto (2008). The study, here, focuses on the transit identity of the narrators' characters and/or characters of such works and how the critical fortune collaborates to better Bury Noll's work. We will make an exclusive analysis of the transience of the identities of the character-narrator of the work Acenos e afagos (2008), taking as starting point the concepts already mentioned. This work has as a secondary objective to develop analytical tools for the narratives of modernity and postmodernity that carries in their structures new forms of "organization" and conception, built within a Baroque process of mutations, flows, instabilities, ruptures, intensities, and transitivities.

For Pedro Henríquez Ureña (1978) "utopia is the motor of history and in the case of Latin America, where chaos and bewilderment prevail, only its light can indicate the path of hope to tired spirits." From this statement we develop this dissertation with the objective of analyzing the work La Guerra del Fin del Mundo (2010) by the Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa, whose background reveals the Canudos War (1896-1897). The main objective of the research is to identify and analyze the utopias present in the work. For that, we will use as a theoretical contribution the studies of Fernando Aínsa (1990) and Thierry Paquot (1999) as references to carry out both the mapping of utopias and the discussion of them. The study, therefore, will count on the following organization: first, we will seek to locate the work in the context of Hispanic-American literature from the mid-twentieth century, focusing on the dialogue produced by the author between literature and historical events that form the stage in which the plot unfolds; then we will point out intertextual elements (KRISTEVA, 2012) found in the work of Vargas Llosa (2010) with the narrative that supported the work, ie, Os Sertões (2012), by Euclides da Cunha; we will finally discuss the concept of utopia with emphasis on the utopia of Social Justice, also called Milenarism, already supposed in the title of the book. For this theme, the studies of Jean Delumeau (1997) and Hilário Franco Jr. (1992), who point to Millennialism as the expectation of a kingdom of this world, of a terrestrial paradise rediscovered, waiting for a messiah that must establish a "kingdom of peace that precedes the Last Judgment". In this way, Millenarism is related to the Paradise utopia, also addressed in the work.

Ana Paula Tavares was born in 1952, in the city of Huíla, Angola. Ana Paula Tavares was graduated in History from the Faculdade de Letras de Lubango. She holds a Master's and Ph.D. in the African’s Literatures. Faced with the taboos imposed on women's sexuality, Paula Tavares confronts the woman's body and presents as a mysterious should de discovered. The writer presents a writing marked by themes that deal with women in Angola after decolonization, but all her poemas were published in Brazil just in 2011. This master’s work aims study the voice of the anonymous, who are these anonymous that compose a poetry of Tavares and how the poet uses her writing to give voice to the oppressed. The research has as a theoretical contribution, the concepts of comparative literature and influence by Sandra Nitrini, the distinction between sexuality and eroticism given by Octavio Paz in A dupla chama (1995), the concept of eroticism by Georges Bataille, studies about the body, offered by the feminist critique of Lúcia Osana Zolin and Eloída Xavier, as well as the considerations of the postcolonial theory of Thomas Bonnici. Studies on anonymity are based on Jacques Rancière’s studies like La palabra muda (2009), O fio perdido (2017), Políticas da escrita (2017) and the subaltern studies by Gayatri Spivak in Pode o subalterno falar? (2014), and on the Djamila Ribeiro's essay: O que é lugar de fala? (2017) and Notes on feminism was based in Studies of feminism by the Nigerian Writer, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, in Sejamos todos feministas (2015) and Para educar crianças feministas: manifesto (2017).

Commitment in discourse is a phenomenon that refers to the voices within the text, affirming its polyphonic nature and allowing the analyst to understand which enunciative instance assumes or not the propositional content in any utterances uttered by speakers/enunciators, specially in the realm of linguistics. Following this notion, the current research had the purpose of investigating commitment in top-scoring essays from the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) from 2013 to 2017. More specifically, it aimed at: (1) describing the text plan of these essays; (2) analyzing the attribution of point of view and commitment in their top-scoring essays; (3) identifying and describing linguistic marks indicating the point of view of the candidates; (4) verifying how other voices came to be handled in such essays, as well as categorizing them according to the socio-discursive formations to which they belong. This research was grounded on Textual Discourse Analysis, a theoretical framework developed by Adam (2011, 2017, 2018), in which text and discourse are considered under a new perspective. Moreover, it was also based on theoretical accounts regarding enunciation in discourse, such as from Rabatel (2016, 2017, 2018), Rodrigues et al (2010), Passeggi et al (2010), Costa (2015), Guentchéva (1994), and others. Throughout this dissertation, we adopt a quali-quantitative methodology, following the inductive method with the purpose of raising generalizations from the obtained data. The treatment of the data was, thus, consistent with the identification of the phenomenon, followed by its description, analysis and interpretation.  Results show that the first speakers/enunciators (L1/E1) use voices to support their standpoints on the themes being discussed on the essay, representing argumentative resources recognized as arguments of authority. In that sense, they tend to assume a degree of commitment towards the different discourses in the utterance, using philosophical, sociological and legal socio-discursive formations in order to emphasize and show a certain degree of encyclopedical knowledge. Moreover, we observed that the text plan pertaining to such essays has been through a number of transformations in more recent years. Their prototypical structures, for instance, have been marked by the absence of a title, and by the recurring presence of a paragraph presenting the introduction, two paragraphs presenting the development and one paragraph presenting the conclusion. The results of this study may, ultimately, contribute to the understanding of ENEM essays as a textual-discursive genre in its structural and enunciative elements, indicating which are the mechanisms employed by its participants in the construction of the benchmarking texts selected in the making of the most important tertiary education admissional exam in Brazil.

This research, located in the field of studies of Applied Linguistics (A.L.), aims at analyzing how the production of subjectivity and the modes of subjection occur in the testimonies of faith in the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (IURD), when these narratives of themselves discursive an experience of happiness. To this end, this research seeks support in the last moment of Michel Foucault's analysis, that is, the ethical moment. The five testimonies that compose the corpus are located in the virtual space, in a particular channel of the IURD on the internet. The methodology, of a qualitative nature, delineated through Discourse Analysis (AD), had as its starting point the notion of self-care, rescued by Foucault (1984, 1985, 2010c). Starting from the presupposition of discontinuity, this research offers a key of intelligibility for the discursive genre of faith, by means of four analytical prescriptions: rumination, bifurcation, discursive showcase and incitement. In fact, this exam comes to some inferences: the modes of subjection, although distinct, share an antitragic and dialectical conception of existence. The conducts circumscribe desire to failure and not production. This perspective gave these subjectivities a trace of dependence on the other. The business or human capital mode, anchored in the ballast of theology of prosperity, also becomes present in the narratives, especially in the enunciation of a happiness of personal well-being. The technologies of the self, such as the idea of sacrifice and fasting, have update by the diagrams of power. They emerge by the ways of consumption, accumulation, and the desire for reward. Finally, identity or narcissistic images, supported in their majority by the maturity of productivity and the desire for chronic happiness, have produced another finish in the phenomena of parrhesia, conversion and salvation, ancestral themes of self-care.

The interest of this thesis is to study the theme of the double in the work of the Argentine author Jorge Luis Borges. In order to delimit the research, we first chose the short stories "The Circular Ruins" (1942), "Borges y yo" (1960), "El otro" (1975), "Twenty-fifth of August, 1983", and with the progress of the research, we added to the body of the analysis "Pierre Ménard: author of Don Quixote" and "The word of God". The representations of the double in these narratives can be observed from certain angles of analysis that we proposed throughout the research. The Argentine writer recognizes in the subject of the double metaphysical questions of labyrinthine and infinite potential, and tells stories that make possible many forms of reading. We realised throughout the research that the themes of Borges' short stories are inspired by metaphysical hypotheses accumulated during centuries of history and philosophy, and in the theological systems that are the framework of several religions. Among the favorites are Kabbalah, Islam, Christianity, Occultism, Hinduism and Buddhism. As a theoretical path and in the face of Borges's appeal to the theme, we focused on the field of metaphysics and its perspectives, understanding that most of the time he does so in order to question it. The intention of bringing up these concepts is to relate the most diverse thoughts, histories, cultures and fictions with Borges' work. Beyond them, we also brought concepts of psychology and psychiatry, where the theme of the double can be analyzed directly or figuratively, mainly from psychological characters or conflicting contents, duplicated in the same subject: one conscious and the other unconscious. We worked psychoanalysis with Sigmund Freud and Otto Rank and with Jung's analytical psychology. We assumed that they are always hypotheses without a solution, and that is the less important. The purpose here is to challenge human questions in the form of parables and to think about them. We reinforced, in this sense, that the concepts presented in this thesis should not be understood as keys to reading-keys, but as a support for possible dialogues between so many worlds that Borges visited and presented us through his writings.

Our work will discuss the aesthetic approach of Augusto dos Anjos' poetry, starting with the premise that the aesthetic object under analysis in the text will be promulgated from the senses projected in its reading. With this, we will establish dialogues between the aesthetics (form) and the context, in the attempt to recognize the historical, social, political, philosophical interferences/representations, as well as of other texts or other artistic suitable manifestations. The reading of literary texts is still as a challenging procedure for the Literature teacher in Brazil. This challenge lies, among other issues, in the effective exercise of what we recognize as critical reading, that is, that which elevates the student to the condition of subject-reader; let us say that, as Todorov (1971) elucidates it for some time, that one capable of introducing an understanding of the meaning (s) of the text, inducing a lucid and coherent interpretation. Theodor Adorno, Hannah Arendt, Roland Barthes, José Bernardes, Antonio Candido, Anne-Marie Chartier, Jean Hébrard, Leahy-Dios, Perrone-Moses, Anne Rouxel are some theorists who give us guidance references. Our proposal then consists of four basic actions: Our proposal consists in the attempt of four basic actions: to demonstrate the historicity of Literature teaching in Brazil, especially from the twentieth century to the present day, in order to confront the different conceptions, and, with this, to establish a position with the pertinent theoretical relevance of the crisis in teaching reading literary texts; to discuss the transformations impelled to the functions of the literary text, in the core of the legislations and official documents that legitimize the importance of the literary text in Brazilian Literature teaching; to develop, through the continuous verification of a critical fortune, an analysis of the poetry of Augusto dos Anjos, in order to identify the aesthetic assumptions that best elucidate the meanings of his texts; to make readings and analyzes of poetic texts by Augusto dos Anjos, selected from the aesthetic and thematic relevances, in order to make the teacher able to work, in room, equipped with the literary text as a genuine artistic-cultural manifestation which dialogues intensely with the reality of the young students.