Plínio de Arruda Sampaio: trajectory of an intelectual-militant from the fight against the coup until the exile in Chile (1964-1970)
Plínio de Arruda Sampaio; History of Intellectuals; Memory, Truth, and Justice; Exile; Latin America
This dissertation is situated within the field of Intellectual History and constitutes a historical biography of Plínio de Arruda Sampaio (1930 to 2014), a federal deputy impeached in 1964 and a political exile in Chile, focusing on the period from 1964 to 1970. Grounded in Lefebvre's three-dimensional dialectic of space, the research understands the individual in relation to the social totality, seeking to grasp the historicity of the subject's actions, ideas, and political practices within the context of his family, professional, and especially his political and activist background. The theoretical framework is anchored in the contributions of Henri Lefebvre, particularly his category of social space, which allows for an understanding of the multiple dimensions of Plínio de Arruda Sampaio's engagement: parliament, the Church, activism, the press, and exile, all as historically produced spaces traversed by contradictions and power relations. Thus, the biography is conceived as a mediation between individual and structure, revealing the inseparability of personal experience and collective history. Methodologically, the dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary approach, combining documentary research and oral history. The archival work is based on four main sources: (1) the Plínio de Arruda Sampaio Collection at the Edgard Leuenroth Archive (Unicamp), comprising over 30,000 unpublished documents; (2) a systematic survey of 455 references to the subject in the Correio Paulistano newspaper (1960 to 1963); (3) interviews from the Memória Paulista project of the São Paulo School of Government; and (4) testimonies from contemporaries and family members, such as Plínio de Arruda Sampaio Jr. The analysis of print, oral, and audiovisual sources allowed for the interweaving of discourses, trajectories, and experiences, consolidating an interpretive framework that moves beyond factual reporting to delve into the symbolic and political dimensions of memory. By investigating the trajectory of Plínio de Arruda Sampaio, this study contributes to the historiography of intellectuals by examining the engagement of a progressive Catholic in the Christian left and his role in the resistance against the civil-military coup. The biography recovers the experience of exile as a space for learning and political re-elaboration, revealing the circulation of reformist and socialist ideas within the Latin American context. In doing so, it reaffirms historical biography as an instrument of symbolic justice, restoring to the national memory the voice of a political subject silenced by repression. Therefore, this dissertation contributes to the efforts of constructing a democratic memory, aligning itself with the struggle for truth, memory, and justice, and reaffirming the public function of history in confronting oblivion and the authoritarian legacies of contemporary Brazil.