This research investigates the relationships between space, cinema, and memory in the films of Kleber Mendonça Filho between 1997 and 2016. The central problem mobilizing the study consists of analyzing the historical determinants of how urban spaces were appropriated in the Brazilian cinema of the Pernambuco-born director, especially in the films Caged In (1997), Cold Tropics (2009), and Aquarius (2016). The investigation works with the cinematographic forms produced from the process of verticalization in the city of Recife/PE, given that the transformation of the urban space in Recife involved urban verticalization over the course of the last decades covered by the selected films. The study contextualized Mendonça Filho's work within recent national film production in general, and that of Pernambuco in particular, as well as recent urban changes in contemporary Brazil, specifically gentrification and verticalization. The theoretical framework articulated concepts from the perspective of cultural geography and urbanism to understand gentrification processes in the Global South, with a special focus on the city of Recife; the notion of cinematographic operation; and the proposals of decolonial studies. The cultural dynamic that emerges, therefore, highlights a local/global cultural logic, a city appropriated by cinema through the manner in which global processes of urbanization (gentrification and verticalization) are realized as local realities. The films, in this case, serve as records of urban experiences, practices, and significations of a city in the Global South.

This research investigates the construction of the tuberculous body as a space of intervention of public health policies during the administration of Gustavo Capanema (1934 -1945). The study seeks
to understand how tuberculosis, throughout the twentieth century, shaped social practices, discourses, and public policies in Brazil, transforming the sick body into an object of control and normalization by different forms of knowledge and institutions. The theoretical framework is based on authors such as Bertolli Filho (2001), who discusses the history of tuberculosis and the tuberculous patient in Brazil; Michel Foucault (2001), who, in theoretical terms, conceives the body as a space a concept essential to this research; Lenharo (1986), who also addresses the centrality of the body, focusing on the 1930s and 1940s, when several institutions turned their attention to the normalization of bodies; and Mehy (2014), who contributes to understanding public policies as a field of disputes and institutional practices.The study contextualizes the debate on health and disease in Brazil, highlighting the centrality of tuberculosis for physicians, jurists, public administrators, and other social agents, proposing a shift from the traditional focus on the disease to the body as a space of intervention. The concept of spatiality is mobilized to analyze how the sick body became, over time, an observable, normalized, and politically invested space. The dissertation is structured in three moments. First, it analyzes the historical and social context of the 1930s and 1940s and the strategies of tuberculosis prophylaxis within the Ministry of Education and Health. Next, it examines how the press, medical congresses, and education acted as devices for the circulation and consolidation of scientific, hygienist, and eugenic conceptions, highlighting the role of schools and Physical Education in the intervention upon bodies. Finally, it analyzes the materiality of these policies through the spaces produced around the disease such as sanatoriums, dispensaries, hospitals, and preventoria evidencing medical classifications, strategies of isolation, and spatial transformations that configured distinct ways of organizing and managing the tuberculous body. Throughout this process, it also discusses the centrality of the body as a space of symbolic and practical dispute, considering its multiple dimensions, whether legal, educational, demographic, religious, or architectural. Methodologically, the research is based on documentary analysis, having as its main source documents belonging to the Gustavo Capanema Personal Archive (CPDOC/FGV), complemented by other official records and medical periodicals of the time.

Thisstudyaimstounderstandhow Picos becamethe “model city of Piauí.” Tothisend, it seekstoanalyzethemomentwhenthecitybegantobepromoted as a model, investigatingthehistorical, economic, andpoliticalcircumstancesthatmadethispossible, as well as theelementsconcealedtosustainthisimage. The researchisqualitative in natureand uses as sourcesthenewspapersO Dia, Santo Forte, O Estado, Macambira, Jornal do Piauí, Tribuna de Picos, andJornal de Picos, in additiontothe magazine Picos 100 anos: 1890–1990. It alsodrawson data fromthe Municipal HumanDevelopment Index (IDHM) andtheAtlas da Exclusão Social no Piauí: a herança deixada, withtheaim of analyzingtheregion’ssocioeconomicconditions. The theoretical framework isbasedonthecontributions of David Harvey (2005), regardingtherise of urbanentrepreneurshipfromthe 1970s; Fernanda Sánchez (2010), onthetransformation of citiesinto commodities; and Patrick Charaudeau (2011), whounderstandsthemedia as enterprisesthat, throughdiscursivestrategies, producespecificvisions of reality.

This dissertation analyzes the formation and consolidation of the Brasília Teimosa community, in Natal (RN), between 1958 and 1968, with the aim of understanding the historical and socioeconomic dynamics that shaped this territory and reveal the contradictions of local urbanization. Grounded in Urban History, the research draws on the theoretical framework of the production of space and the right to the city as developed by Henri Lefebvre, articulated with the understanding of property as a social construct and the role of discourse in producing meanings about popular territories. Methodologically, the study is based on the analysis of journalistic sources, institutional documents, maps, and oral interviews, allowing for the articulation of representations and lived experiences of the residents. The results show that Brasília Teimosa emerged in a context of intense urbanization, population growth, and insufficient housing policies, being formed by workers and migrants who resorted to informal occupation as a strategy for accessing housing. Throughout the period, the community was subjected to successive attempts of removal by the municipal government, revealing exclusionary urban projects. It is concluded that Brasília Teimosa does not constitute an anomaly, but rather an expression of the contradictions of urban modernization.

At the dawn of the 20th century, intellectuals linked to the political, intellectual, and economic circles of Rio Grande do Norte began to dedicate themselves to gathering documents that were scattered in archives throughout the state and Brazil. Gathered in the Historical and Geographical Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (IHGRN), established in Natal on March 29, 1902, these intellectuals established strategies aimed at "collecting, systematizing, archiving, and publishing" documents relating to the past of Rio Grande do Norte. Through these initiatives, they sought to strengthen the arguments mobilized in defense of the state's cause in the legal arena, to inscribe the historical trajectory of Rio Grande do Norte on the majestic and impressive canvas of Clio, to expand networks of sociability through the institution's membership, and, above all, to constitute a collection dedicated to safeguarding the state's past. This dissertation develops within the scope of the investigation into the formation of this collection. By employing the theoretical framework proposed by Aleida Assmann (2011), the IHGRN collection is understood as a space of remembrance, constituted from the interaction between functional memory and storage memory. From this perspective, this study seeks to analyze the formation process of the collection of the Historical and Geographical Institute of Rio Grande do Norte between the years 1902 and 1907. To this end, different documentary sources were compared, among which the Journals of the Historical and Geographical Institute of Rio Grande do Norte stand out, focusing on the minutes of the ordinary, extraordinary and general assembly sessions of the Institute, the Legislative Acts and Decrees of the Government of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, the Messages of the Governor of the State and the newspaper A República. It is argued that the use and production of a collection within an institute created for the purpose of promoting the writing of the history of Rio Grande do Norte, at the beginning of the 20th century, contributed to the development of a republican political culture articulated with the interests of the state's ruling elite, notably the Albuquerque Maranhão family organization.

This dissertation investigates the process of territorial formation and the consolidation of borders in the Alto Paraguai region during the 18th century (1720-1780), focusing on the actions of the Portuguese Crown. The research argues that the Treaty of Madrid (1750), the Directorate of the Indians (1755/1758), and the Treaty of San Ildefonso (1777) were not isolated milestones but functioned as three links in a "chain of structural complementarity," permanently guided by the principle of Uti Possidetis de facto. Initially, it demonstrates how geographical myths, such as the Laguna de los Xarayes and the Island of Brazil, transformed the backcountry into a strategic frontier and justified territorial exploration. Subsequently, it highlights the pragmatic occupation of the territory through urban foundations (such as Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade) and militarization, emphasizing the agency and "identity management" of indigenous populations, which were fundamental in composing the demographic barrier required by the metropolitan project. Finally, the study reveals that the legislation of the Directorate was subverted and adapted to defense urgencies, and that the Treaty of San Ildefonso operated as a diplomatic ratification of a presence already cemented in space. Therefore, it concludes that the colonial political map of Alto Paraguai was the consequence of territorialization, forged by the accumulation of precarious projects and frontier adaptations.

The objective of this dissertation is to analyze how the proposal for the modernization of the State, formulated by the military governments established in Brazil from 1964 onwards, was expressed in the construction of the Administrative Center of Rio Grande do Norte. The work is temporally delimited between the publication of the preliminary study for the construction of the building, in 1972, and the beginning of the activities of the Administrative Center, in 1976. The construction of this center sought to group all the buildings of the state administration, which until then were scattered in various places in the city of Natal. In this sense, the new building caused the emptying of public buildings located in the central region of the city and directed the urban expansion of Natal to the south. The study defends the thesis that the modernization project that outlined the bases of the administrative center – structured on the tripod of national developmentalism, technocratic planning and administrative probity – was materialized from numerous contradictions both in relation to the project of the military governments and in the practices developed by the Cortez Pereira government. Regarding the contradictions of the military governments' project, elements of continuity were identified in Brazilian society, characterized by the implementation of state planning without the participation of the people. Concerning the practices developed by Cortez Pereira, it was detected that a series of measures were adopted that contradict the discourse of probity, such as: 1. the appointment of brothers and nephews to prominent positions in the state government; 2. the adoption of measures that favored political groups, disregarding technical opinions; 3. the protagonism of the state's first lady, Mrs. Aída Pereira, who became coordinator of a group called "Community Auxiliary Line," which controlled large sums of resources, many of which were considered by the courts to be sources of budgetary misappropriation; 4. the widespread corruption identified by the Federal Government's oversight bodies, which resulted in the revocation of the political rights of some figures in this government. The following sources were used for the research: the newspapers Diário de Natal, O Poti, and Tribuna do Norte; The 1970 census; the government messages read by Cortez Pereira to the State Legislative Assembly; the Serete Plan, an urban planning study that provided the basis for the construction of Natal's first Master Plan; and the functional and structural designs of the administrative center. Didactically, the work is structured in three parts. Initially, the urban occupation of the area where the administrative center was built is discussed; then, the political practices adopted by the Cortez Pereira government that contrasted with the state's modernization discourse are addressed; and finally, the designs for the construction of the administrative center and the financing process are discussed.

This thesis investigates the Christianization process of Iceland between 1056 and 1264. Through an analysis of Jóns saga helga from the perspective of Michel Pêcheux’s Discourse Analysis, it proposes that the religious transition occurred not through rupture, but via the emergence of an identity-based "Third Space." Grounded in Homi K. Bhabha’s post-colonial theory, the study demonstrates that the Icelandic Christian identity was forged in a zone of cultural hybridity, where continental Christianity did not eradicate Norse traditions but rather assimilated and re-signified them within local socioeconomic and political structures. By examining the actions of Jón Ögmundsson, the first bishop of Hólar, the research highlights how episcopal sanctity was constructed from native codes of honor and power, transforming the bishop into a mediator capable of navigating tensions between Norse traditions and Latin liturgy. This synthesis resulted in the "Icelandicization" of the faith, manifested in both the literary production of the sagas and the reconfiguration of the island’s physical landscape, where cathedrals and monasteries overlaid ancient centers of power, consolidating a sacred geography that unified the nation under a new syncretic and resilient identity.

In this thesis, I analyze the process of racialization of Black and poor bodies through the visual collection produced by the Salvador City Urban Planning Office (EPUCS) in the post-abolition context. The choice of the post-abolition period as the setting for this narrative emphasizes the persistent and conflicting historiographical gap, particularly between the 1920s and 1950s, when it comes to the daily survival and tensions of Black bodies in the city of Salvador. The central objective of this thesis is to consider the EPCUS as part of a set of institutions that plotted to construct a new visuality associated with the city based on the racialization and criminalization of the Black body, seeking to subjugate it to a place of subordination. Thus, methodologically, I understand the photographic body and the photographic experience as a practice of producing social meaning. In contrast, I problematize the housing reports, epidemiological surveys and the set of sources produced by EPUCS, which, under the yoke of eugenic improvement, assumed its most violent face, promoting interventions against the ways of life of Black and poor bodies.

The privileg study investigates how descendants of pardos, indigenous peoples, and crioulos were textually named as “whites” or identified with the letter “B” in the parish records of Ribeira do Seridó throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. It aims to understand the meaning of being privi within this privileg and how non-white individuals—those identified as mestiços—appropriated the conceived social space and constituted senses of place through their lived experiences. The analysis is grounded in the concepts of conceived space (Henri Lefebvre), as well as place, placeness, and placelessness (Edward Relph). The association between these concepts, in line with a Heideggerian phenomenological interpretation, provides the theoretical framework necessary to analyze the spatial formation of Ribeira do Seridó over time. Furthermore, the study problematizes the social composition of this space, mobilizing the concepts of quality/color and condition (Paiva) to examine social hierarchies and inequalities. Regarding its privilegie basis, the research draws on parish records (baptism, marriage, and death registers), judicial sources (post-mortem inventories and manumission letters), and administrative documents (population maps), examined through data triangulation and quantitative, serial, qualitative, onomastic, evidentiary, and micro-historical methodologies. Finally, this research fills historiographical gaps concerning the senses of place constituted in the colonial and imperial privile of Ribeira do Seridó, demonstrating that the term “White”— priv like “mestiço”— is a historical construction associated with social inequalities, access, and privilegie.

This Thesis investigates the royal Funerary Space of the early 19th Dynasty, taking as its
focus the tomb of Seti I (KV17), constructed in the Valley of the Kings, behind the mountain
on the western bank of Thebes, present-day Luxor, Egypt. The research, grounded in our
updated perspective on the Theory of Material Engagement, analyses the various funerary
discourses present within this space as cognitive, material and historical resources in which
the beliefs of the period were organised into narratives integrating structural, iconographic
and textual elements. Each of the discourses has been translated into Portuguese and
examined in this Thesis. The Amduat organises the nocturnal solar journey and the
procedural logic of the Beyond; the Gates regulate access, transformations and temporalities; the Litany of Re expands the forms of divine manifestation and the mobility of the deceased;
the Celestial Cow reorganises the cosmos following the massacre and redefines the
relationships between power, order and violence; and the Astronomical Text situates the
pharaoh in the sky, ensuring his permanence among the visible and invisible cycles of time.
Each funerary discourse defines specific forms of circulation, knowledge and agency,
articulating visions of time, space and eternity. Our thesis asserts that these texts construct a
dynamic Beyond, wherein writing, images and structure are fundamental and intrinsically
linked to spatiality and ritual, highlighting the plurality and complementarity of the paths of
the Beyond. We have divided this Thesis into three volumes: the first contains seven chapters
analysing this Funerary Space; the second is a catalogue of all the walls of Seti I’s tomb; the
third comprises the funerary discourses translated into Portuguese (Amduat, Gates, Celestial
Cow, Litany of Re, Ritual of Opening the Mouth, Litany of the Eye of Horus and
Astronomical Text). Thus, Seti I’s tomb is understood as a veritable map of the Beyond, an
active and performative space in which the pharaoh never ceases to walk, to know and to
exist, sustaining an eternity constructed through the articulation of multiple funerary
discourses.

Neo-Assyrian imperial palaces were not merely administrative or power centers, but vehicles for
the production and preservation of cultural memory. Their architectural space, composed of
parietal reliefs and epigraphic and cuneiform inscriptions, functioned as mnemonic devices
intended to preserve an official memory of the Assyrian royalty, its king, and its people,
highlighting imperial hegemony and divine order, projecting these messages both to the
contemporary audience and to posterity. Reliefs and inscriptions are not treated as objects, but as
living things, bearers of material agency, interacting with humans and architectural environments,
shaping minds and behaviors, effecting a process of Material Engagement in which these artifacts
– despite various possible “deviations from the path” – remain active in the present, intertwined.
This paper proposes a “Brazilian Assyriology,” produced from the Northeast of Brazil, questioning
the Eurocentric and Orientalist view that reduced Assyria to a stereotype of barbarism and
violence. It defends a pluralistic perspective that recognizes the realities of the Assyrian imperial structure, expressed in the composition of official texts and images as part of a negotiated political
strategy of hegemony and an apotropaic device to maintain Cosmic Equilibrium and the prevailing
social order. The impressive force of these material records allows for the analysis of the circularity
of Assyrian memory in the contemporary world, since the Assyrian past reappears in
contemporary art productions; in the recognition and valorization of Mesopotamian historical,
archaeological, and cultural heritage in the face of the scourge of destroyed monuments; in the
fostering of contemporary national identities animated by the recovery of publicly recognizable
Assyrian symbols; in appropriations and promotion of propaganda and legitimation of political
power; and as part of Brazilian culture, identifiable in architecture and literature. These aspects
attest that Assyria is a past that has not been lost, but continues to flow along a meshwork or a set
of vines, connecting different times and spaces through its material and mnemonic traces.

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This dissertation analyzes how Law 10.639/03 has been incorporated into the Political-Pedagogical Projects (PPPs) of undergraduate History teaching programs at both public and private institutions in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil: the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN – Natal and CERES campuses), the State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN – Mossoró and Assú campuses), and the Potiguar University (UnP – Natal). The research is based on a reflection about teacher education and aims to understand how ethnic-racial relations are addressed in curricular structures and institutional training proposals. Content analysis (Bardin, 2011) was adopted as the methodology, using the National Curriculum Guidelines for Ethnic-Racial Education as a framework, focusing on three analytical categories: political and historical awareness of diversity; identity and rights strengthening; and educational actions against racism and discrimination. The theoretical foundation draws on Pierre Bourdieu's (2001, 2007) concepts of habitus and symbolic capital; Michel de Certeau’s (1994) notion of everyday practices; Nilma Lino Gomes’ (2017) studies on tacit pacts and curriculum disputes; Silvio Almeida’s (2020) analysis of structural and institutional racism; Abdias do Nascimento’s (1978) critique of symbolic genocide; and Djamila Ribeiro’s (2018) definition of racism as a system of oppression. The study reveals that although the inclusion of African History in undergraduate curricula is a notable achievement, its implementation remains fragile and dependent on symbolic and political struggles within universities.

This dissertation proposes a reflection on contemporary Brazilian comics as spaces of enunciation and affirmation of Blackness, based on the work of artist Marcelo D’Salete. Historically marked by erasure and racialized stereotypes, the language of comics in Brazil has been redefined by Black voices that, by occupying this field, transform it into a territory of memory, resistance, and reexistence. The central objective is to understand whether the current comics scene can be interpreted as a new space of Blackness – not merely as representational inclusion, but as a political, aesthetic, and epistemological gesture of symbolic occupation. To this end, a critical analysis is conducted of the graphic novel Angola Janga: A History of Palmares, articulating its visual, narrative, and discursive elements with the historical and identity-related issues it evokes. The research adopts an approach that integrates discourse analysis, semiotic reading, and representation critique, with an emphasis on the relationship between language, memory, and the construction of subjectivities. The dissertation also includes an interview with the author himself, providing insights into his creative process and the political meanings embedded in his work. It is concluded that Marcelo D’Salete’s production not only rewrites the history of Black resistance in Brazil, but also affirms comics as a space of Blackness – a site of voice, listening, and symbolic dispute over memory and ways of existing.

Based on the work Quarto de Despejo: Diary of a Favelada (1960), by Carolina Maria de Jesus, and complementary sources, such as editions of the magazines O Cruzeiro, Revista Manchete, and newspapers from the 1950s, this dissertation analyzes the diary as a space of experience, with a temporal focus from 1955 to 1960 (1955 being the year of the author's first records and 1960 the year of publication) and a spatial focus on the Canindé favela in São Paulo. Carolina's writing constructs a unique representation of the marginalized environment, shaped by sensoriality, memory, and everyday life, while her public image was influenced by the press of the period. The study investigates how Carolina’s diaries elaborate a space of existence, revealing social relations, sensorial perceptions of the environment, and the mediated dimension of the work, expressed through the processes of pre-production, editing, and publication of Quarto de Despejo. Anchored in the Sociology of Literature, according to Pierre Bourdieu, the research articulates text, context, and social trajectory to understand the materialization of both the work and Carolina’s figure in the public sphere. The theoretical framework also includes: the concept of escrevivência, formulated by Conceição Evaristo, as a key to reading the fusion of lived experience and literary production; the contributions of Roger Chartier and Stuart Hall regarding representation, analyzing the circulation and re-elaboration of Carolina’s image; Yi-Fu Tuan’s reflections on the relationship between sensoriality and lived reality; and Michel de Certeau’s ideas, which explain how the author’s multiple experiences in the environment confer existential and symbolic density to the narrative. Thus, the dissertation demonstrates that Carolina Maria de Jesus, through diary writing, constructed a powerful and complex representation of her concrete experience, simultaneously shaped by editorial and media mediations that influenced her public and literary reception.

This study aims to analyze the formation of the judicial apparatus in the province of Rio Grande do Norte and its institutionalization during the imperial period. To this end, the discussion focuses on examining the construction of the county network in the province between 1835 and 1889. The primary sources for this investigation include the speeches and reports of the provincial presidents, as well as the provincial legislation enacted during the specified period. Based on the data and information contained in these documents, the study aims to examine the pace and development of the judicial network in Rio Grande do Norte, as well as the key variables that have influenced this process. These sources—produced by agents of the imperial state bureaucracy, namely the provincial presidents and deputies—were selected for their representation of an official state narrative. They offer insights into how spaces of justice were conceived and structured within the broader administrative framework of the Empire. By examining these historical documents, this research aims to understand how an institutionalized discourse of order contributed to the establishment and consolidation of the judicial territorial structure in imperial Rio Grande do Norte.

This dissertation contributes to the field of research on Memory and History of Institutions. The research aimed to understand the conditions of production of the regionalization — both practical and discursive — of the Regional University Foundation of Rio Grande do Norte (FURRN), now the State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), based on the local intellectual and political agents who founded it, considering the broader context of the University Reform (1968) promoted by the Military Dictatorship, during the rectorship of its first Rector, João Batista Cascudo Rodrigues (1968-1973). We approach this theme from theoretical frameworks that address Space, Region, Memory, Institutional Memory, the University Field, Intellectuals, and Self-Writing. The sources used were the memoirs of the first Rector, entitled “Interiorization of the University” (2001), the first volume of the Expressão Magazine (1969), which was characterized as a report of the institution's first year of operation, reports from the newspapers O Mossoroense and Diário de Natal, and the Laws and Decrees-Laws related to higher education promulgated in this time frame. The first chapter presents the scenario of higher education between the 1960s and 1970s, focusing the debate on the University Reform of 1968 and the model that emerged from extension projects and the decentralization of universities. In the second chapter, we analyze the expansion of higher education in Mossoró and the conditions for the founding, development, and decentralization of the Regional University of Rio Grande do Norte, which involved the professional trajectory of João Batista Cascudo Rodrigues and the networks of sociability he established at the municipal, state, and federal levels to support the institution's regional expansion project. In the third and final chapter, we examine the memorialistic and discursive construction of FURRN based on the memoirs of its first Rector and the performance of the cultural project "Battle of Culture," which included the institution's founding event among the memorable historical events of the municipality.

The Mansory was one of the institutions present in 19th-century society, playing a proven role in Brazilian political and social life. The Masonic Order in Brazil was configured as a field of intersection, bringing together and connecting men of diverse political and social perspectives. Through its unique characteristics, it contributed to facilitating dialogue and fostering agreements and articulations among these men. Masonic lodges were composed of lawyers, merchants, landowners, military officers, and priests who periodically gathered under the protection of secrecy and the oaths of the Order. This allowed them greater political freedom in the monarchical society of the time. In Rio Grande do Norte, the first Masonic lodge was founded in 1836, comprising landowners, lawyers, military officers, and priests affiliated with opposing political groups in the province. These members were active in education, the press, justice, provincial administration, and many of them held mandates as provincial deputies. By occupying these spaces, they engaged in politics and used the available means to maintain or improve their positions in these fields, aiming to dominate the political and social arenas and increase their political power in the province. During the second half of the 1860s, the Masonry in Rio Grande do Norte experienced a period of consolidation with the merger of two opposing factions that united to establish the Masonic Lodge "21 de Março," which had over 50 active members at that time. This unification brought greater cohesion to the Masonic field and improved its capacity to face the conflict with the Catholic Church that erupted in the following decade, known as the "Religious Question."In the first half of the 1870s, there was a significant presence of Freemasons in various fields of society. They occupied dominant positions in the political and press arenas, using their influence to strengthen networks and articulations—one of the great strengths of Masonic organization in the 19th century. Thus, the Masonic Field emerged as both a social and a power field in the province of Rio Grande do Norte, contributing to the empowerment of political and familial groups in positions of authority. These included the presidency of the provincial assembly, the vice-presidency of the province, municipal judges, prosecutors, police chiefs, directors of education, and other roles within the provincial administration.

This thesis investigates the debate surrounding the implementation of the Baixo Açu Project (PBA) between 1972 and 1983, a period during which the project was conceived, discussed, and partially executed. The analysis focuses on the Vale do Açu, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, which throughout the 20th century became the target of public irrigation policies, alternately aligned with drought mitigation strategies and regional development agendas. None of these initiatives, however, had as much impact as the PBA, which called for the construction of a reservoir capable of storing 2.4 billion cubic meters of water — the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Dam. Conceived under the aegis of Brazil’s military dictatorship and supported by a technocratic discourse, the project aimed to modernize local agriculture and, allegedly, redeem the region from its “backwardness” — while imposing on local populations the territorial, economic, and environmental costs of the so-called “irrigation revolution.” The town of São Rafael (RN) represents the most dramatic case of this process, with its urban core entirely submerged by the dam’s reservoir. The main objective of this research, therefore, is to examine how this state-led initiative was publicly presented and how it affected communities in the Vale do Açu. On one hand, we find the official narrative, shaped by a redemptive ideology of progress; on the other, the fears voiced by local populations in response to the promises made by the National Department of Works Against Drought (Dnocs), the federal agency responsible for executing the project. Adopting a content analysis approach, the research draws upon heterogeneous testimonies, including technical documents produced by Dnocs and Sudene, articles from the regional press, parliamentary speeches, and oral testimonies of displaced residents. This articulation of perspectives and discursive forms allows for a critical comparison between the developmentalist rhetoric — grounded in the promise of progress as redemption — and the fears, resistance, and negotiation strategies mobilized by affected communities. The thesis demonstrates that, even before its implementation, the PBA functioned as a state instrument of territorial control that produced a rupture in the relationships of space and belonging in the Vale do Açu. 

This thesis aims to analyze the debates raised about the production of corporealities by the Brazilian writer Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto throughout his written and confessional production. This aspect allows us to visualize the organization of Rio de Janeiro city’s corporal-space during Brazil’s First Republic (1889-1930). The objective of this research is to show how the capacity for observation expressed in Barretos’s discourse, especially in his literary creation and in works directed at the Rio de Janeiro press, was mobilized by sensory experiences. Through sight, touch, smell, taste, and hearing, Lima Barreto achieved two important feats: being thrust into the world and creating awareness and memories about the uses of bodies. This circumstance made evident the importance of narrating, through penholder, the textures of the flesh of men and women of his time and, above all, exposing the forms of their physiological selves. Overall, there is a gap – or little development – in relation to a thorough critique of the emotions involved in Barreto’s production, which resulted in the silencing of his body, his rapture. This position poses the main problem of this research: to highlight the rebellions of the flesh in Barreto’s writing based on the sensory experiences that took shape in his critical and literary fortune. Thereby, by creating multiple ways of seeing and expressing the body, Barreto reveals how spaces were active agents in modulating corporealities.

This work investigated the practices of production and dissemination of historical knowledge developed by the Regional Historical Documentation and Information Center (NDIHR) during its implementation, between 1976 and 1980, at the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). The methodology adopted involved the internal and external analysis of historical sources, such as administrative documents, work reports, and interviews produced by NDIHR. Data collection was carried out by reading the sources in two formats: printed, in the physical archive, with annotations made by the researcher during selection and digitization, and digital, using the software, Atlas.Ti, which assisted in organizing the digitized sources. The study concluded that there are "other forms" of production and dissemination of historical knowledge in the university academic space, beyond the repressive and modernizing character that marked the period of the Brazilian military dictatorship. Instrumental historiography was used as a tool in academic research, integrating various areas of knowledge in a research center coordinated by the historical method. This approach shaped interdisciplinary production, research, and university teaching of history at the time, transcending the boundaries of the History undergraduate course and allowing us to understand that there were other possibilities of structuring academic research at the university at that time.

This work aims to understand the changes and arrangements of spaces and territorialities occupied by the elderly in Brazilian cinematographic works between 1997 and 2020, based on the following films: Central Station (1998), Copacabana (2001), Madame Satã (2002), The Three Marias (2002), House of Sand (2005), The year my parents went on vacation (2006), Santiago (2007), Chega de Saudade (2008), My friend Claudia (2009), Stories that only exist when remembered (2012), Sweet Mother (2012), Aquarius (2016), Divine Divas (2016), Greta (2019), Bacurau (2019) among others. Our basic questions are: what are the transformations of the elderly and their spacialities in contemporary Brazilian cinema between 1997 and 2020 and how such changes are situated in relation to the national cinematographic tradition? How do such displacements dialogue with the recent demands that reinvented the elderly as a subject in Brazil at the turn of the 20th century to the 21st? In order to achieve this aim, it was necessary to carry out a history of old age within the cinematographic context based on the tradition of Brazilian cinema that goes back to the 1960s. This historically constructed figure has been traversed by all the social hierarchies, from which cinema has appropriated itself. In this sense, our research highlights the usual and unusual identity roles played by the elderly (elderly women, elderly belonging to disadvantaged classes, privileged elderly and belonging to wealthy classes, LGBTQIAP+ elderly, black elderly), observing a dialectic between exclusion and representativeness in the 21st century. To this end, the research starts from the documentary survey with the use of several sources: the films, the set of non-filmic material such as specialized journal, interviews or texts that had an impact on the press, books focused on the field of History, Geriatrics and Cinema. Within this perspective and within a framework of analysis of the film's structures, qualitative and filmic analyzes are carried out. The film analysis also involves the iconographic interpretation to evaluate the social transformations of the spaces and roles attributed to the elderly, using the general acquisition of images in the cinema as sources by the historian.

In Spanish Ecclesiastical History, its most prominent schismatic group took shape in the second half of the twentieth century under the designation Crucíferos Clementinos (Clementine Crossbearers), weaving extensive networks of sociability and pursuing an international policy aimed at the creation of a Hispanic “Church-Nation.” This endeavor, of unequivocal ideological inspiration, simultaneously sought to revive principles of the Francoist past and to sacralize figures from Spain’s overseas history, thus participating in a symbolic process of national identity sacralization. As a whole, the Crossbearers movement emerged as a radical dissidence from Roman Catholicism, originating in 1975 in the Andalusian village of El Palmar de Troya as a Carmelite religious order. A few years later, in 1978, its founder, Clemente Domínguez Gómez – who was blind and self-proclaimed recipient of celestial revelations – claimed for himself the status of legitimate Catholic pope, adopting the name Gregory XVII. From this inaugural act, the Clementine group, under the name Palmarian Church, began disseminating its own documentary corpus intended to regulate its doctrine and liturgy, thereby consolidating an absolute rupture with the Catholic tradition of Rome. Through the establishment of sociability networks perpetuated in its narratives, one observes the construction of a sacred space grounded in traditionalist Catholic premises and articulated through apocalyptic and catastrophic language, yet marked by deep inflections and innovations that culminated in the formulation of a hybrid religious system. Among the elements that distinguished this construction, the institution of a condensed rite for the celebration of Mass and the canonization of historically controversial figures composed a complex project of sacred spatialization. In light of these factors, the consolidation of an alternative form of Catholicism became evident as the Order of the Crossbearers of the Last Times, emerged as a fully autonomous religion, entirely detached from the Catholic Church.

This thesis proposes to analyze the functioning of the civil administration implanted and adapted by the Portuguese in the Northern Captaincies (Pernambuco, Itamaracá, Paraíba, Rio Grande, and Ceará) during the period from 1534 to 1758. The general objective of this research was to understand the mechanisms of granting, provision, and succession of civil administrative offices in the colonial administration, seeking to investigate how the services rendered, the royal benefices granted, and the properties of these offices contributed to the consolidation of power and the effective royal presence, as well as to the strengthening of the production and reproduction of local elites in overseas administration. This investigation was based on an extensive set of sources, such as the Philippine and Manueline Ordinances, royal charters, administrative processes from the Overseas Council, captaincy archives, records of appointments, benefices, and specific administrative acts related to municipal notaries’ offices, as well as other civil offices. Methodologically, it utilized critical documentary analysis combined with historiographical approaches that privilege the understanding of power relations, clientelistic networks, and the legal normativity of colonial administration. This research also relied on historical retrospectives, comparative observations, and micro-historical analysis of the personal and family trajectories of some social agents involved in office provisions. Through this, these offices were characterized as instruments of local power and powerful elements of social regulation, and the discursive and political strategies employed by contemporary social agents to obtain royal benefices were identified, as well as changes in the criteria of provision from the 16th to the 18th centuries, associated with various political-military and administrative contexts and events that punctuated the contemporary social reality. This thesis highlights the importance of family networks and clientelistic relations in the perpetuation of office holdings and administrative transformations implemented by the crown in the pursuit of a rationalization process in the late first half of the 18th century. Ultimately, this research contributes to the understanding of the Portuguese Crown's governability in a specific overseas area, evidencing the articulations among royal power, social customs, and administrative practices that structured and enabled the Old Regime in the Northern Captaincies of Portuguese America.

The neighborhood of Cidade Alta, the oldest in Natal, was a political, social, and cultural center from the colonial period until the Republic. As the seat of power and residence of the elites during the colonial period, it underwent republican reforms, including the establishment of the square of the three powers. Between 1950 and 1980, it became the capital's main commercial hub, with a vibrant bohemian life, attracting intellectuals, artists, and politicians. From the late 1970s, chronicles and memorialistic works emerged reflecting the concern to preserve its memory. Memorialistic literature emerges as resistance to urban changes and the assertion of Natal as a tourist hub in the Northeast. This research analyzes the transformations and   the   city   constructed   by   memorialistic   works,   highlighting   the   importance   of   the neighborhood. To make the research possible, we used the Discourse Analysis methodology of Eni Orlandi, the conceptual categories of memory by Aleida Assman, and the space and place categories of Yi-Fu Tuan and Edward Relph, coupled with the idea of a space of longing by Durval Muniz Albuquerque Júnior.

This work aims to analyze the planning, construction and operation of a space built to care for lepers, at a time when leprosy was considered a disgrace for anyone who came close to it. The goal is to understand, from the São Lázaro Leprosarium and the Carpina Colony, the spatial transformations that took place to house men and women identified clinically, socially and culturally as "lepers". This is an institution that has had two names: Leprosário São Lázaro (in the interval between 1928, when its construction project was drawn up, until 1941, when the entity passed under the control of the state government) and Colônia do Carpina (in the  period  between  1941  and  1944,  when  it  belonged  to  the  state  government).  This institution is located in the city of Paranaíba, on the coast of Piauí, 330 kilometers from Teresina. The timeframe of the study is limited to the period between 1928 and 1944, which also defines the scope of the sources used. These sources were organized into six groups of documents:  1)  the  federal  and  state  laws that regulated the  treatment  of  leprosy;  2) the materials produced on a daily basis at the São Lázaro leprosarium, in particular the medical records  and  inmates'  files;  3)  the  works  of  memorialists  who  had  experiences  with  the institution; 4) the versions of the Almanaque da Parnaíba, produced in 1932 and 1940; 5) the photographs that show the buildings of the institution.

In  June  2005,  in  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  the  existence  of indigenous peoples in that state became public and gained visibility. However, this fact came into conflict with the narratives consolidated by the classical local historiography, which admitted a disappearance of these ethno-cultural identities in the state. In view of this, the objective of this research was to investigate how the memory of the indigenous disappearance in Rio Grande do Norte after the process of ethnic emergence of indigenous peoples in the state has been faced in the writings of the history of this state, and to identify the main ruptures and remains in these narratives throughout the period from 1994 to 2021. This issue is formed from the understanding that history books are places of memory (Nora, 1993), and that  in  these  spaces  there  are  disputes  that  are  fought  respecting  the  consolidation  of  a memory that meets certain political and social interests (Assmann, 2011; Chesneaux, 1995; Krenak, 1999; Menget, 1999). To do so, the Content Analysis (Bardin, 2007) is appropriated as a methodology and it is established two sets of sources to be investigated: the production of Regional History textbooks and the writings of the Indigenous History of RN prepared in the academic context, covering History and Anthropology works produced inside and outside state institutions. It starts from the year 1994 when continuing the analysis of indigenous themes in didactic works in RN started by Flademir Dantas (2020) and contemplates until 2021, as this is the year of the last work published before the beginning of the research. In this sense, one can see permanence in the ways of narrating the history of RN, such as the significant concentration of indigenous history in the Colonial Period, mainly taking into account the influence of the local classical historiography and school tradition. However, it was also possible to identify ruptures that aim to meet demands posed by the indigenous movement, such as the recognition of the existence of current indigenous peoples in the state, the production of research that prioritizes addressing indigenous agency and the work with oral memory from communities,  mostly  carried  out  in  the  area of  Anthropology. It was concluded  that  these  are  important  achievements  to  remedy  the  damage  caused  by  the memory of the indigenous disappearance in Rio Grande do Norte and an attempt was made to reflect on which paths can be followed to continue the construction of another history in the state. 

This work aims to discuss the process of women's resistance during the Military Dictatorship and the main mechanisms used by the state to repress female bodies, both politically and socioculturally, in the state of Pernambuco between the years 1968 and 1974. In this way, we consider the body as a space where physical flesh and the intangible subjective intersect, resulting in human beings who are simultaneously mind and materiality. It is within this space that relations of power, gender, and language operate, and these are the relations we seek to study throughout the research. Through official documents, we focused on defining a sample for the research and, based on it, creating a panorama of who the women under the repression’s target were and how the system endeavored to penalize them. Nevertheless, studying the documentation alone would not be sufficient to achieve our research objectives. Only through personal accounts would it be possible to analyze the perspective of those on the other side of the document: the women. Therefore, we conducted interviews with some of the women who were imprisoned and persecuted during the period and accessed testimonies given to the National Truth Commission (CNV) and the State Commission for Memory and Truth Dom Helder Câmara (CEMVDHC). Oral History enables the intersection of documented official data with everything that was left unwritten: the emotions, the violence, the thoughts, the sensations, and the pain experienced by female bodies. Consequently, this dissertation investigates the impact of the military regime on women in Pernambuco, from their political participation and the repression they suffered to the strategies of resistance, as well as the role of motherhood in the fight against the dictatorship.

The Revista Maria, the object and source of the research, belonged to ‘Boa Imprensa' and was inserted in the scope of women's organizations. Our aim is to understand how the Revista Maria was instrumentalized by the Archdiocese of Olinda and Recife, in the time frame from 1935 to 1940, to produce a social space that distributed a standard of gender and religiosity for women, based on the interests of the religious institution. Thus, we seek to perceive the suitability of a discourse on culture, politics and religiosity for the female audience and to analyze its intellectual role in the construction of a feminine conservatism, taking into account the influence of the leaders of the re-Catholicization, as well as the relationship between the Catholic Church and the State in the period. The editions of the Revista Maria will be examined as the main source, taking into account the reflections of Tania de Lucas on working with this type of document. We also highlight the theoretical contributions of Yi-Fu Tuan, who understands space based on the experiences that formulate its constructs, denaturalizing the construction of space by the Catholic Church. And of Pierre Bourdieu on habitus, realizing that the social position of individuals influences the establishment of their points of view. Also of Renato Peixoto and Candido Rodrigues, who research the Catholic Church and its political interests using periodicals, which support the discussions on this analysis. This work attempts to analyze the Revista Maria taking into account its political and religious agendas, perceiving religiosity as a guide in the construction of social molds for Catholic women.

This work aims to discuss the process of introducing refrigerators into the domestic environment of Rio de Janeiro from 1920 to 1940. With the establishment of modernization ideals in the country, the first places to experience a series of transformative events in their daily lives were Brazil's major cities, especially Rio de Janeiro, the federal capital. These transformations, characterized by a dual perspective of a promising future and a controversial present, illuminated by progress and science, resulted in numerous changes, from the urban environment taking on new forms with public reforms, to daily habits, and the emergence or enhancement of new means of communication. Inventions and domestic equipment were renewed, and one of these devices, considered one of the most important and widely used preservation techniques today, is the refrigerator. In this context, tracing a brief history of this evolution, we seek to analyze advertisements for this device created by companies manufacturing domestic equipment, employing the theoretical and methodological framework found in Meneses (2000) for the analysis of advertising images. We conclude that these ads reflected the process of modernization and rationalization of the home space, based on values relevant to the period of domestic modernity, such as comfort, simplicity, health, aesthetics, and status. Additionally, we identified ideals aimed at reducing the time and effort needed for household activities as persuasive strategies in the advertisements. Throughout the research, we observed a peculiar characteristic related to the advertisements, concerning the use of certain social and technical values attributed to male and female genders as a way of categorizing

The purpose of the thesis is to investigate a new vision of Portuguese colonialism in Angola from the perspective of the intellectual Mário Pinto de Andrade and the spaces in which he traveled during his life. My objective is to approach the topic against the dominant view, committed to presenting the decolonization process that starts with the trajectory of the writer, politician and essayist Mário Pinto de Andrade. This thesis starts from the first colonial experiences of Mário Pinto de Andrade (1928) until his death   in   1990.   During   this   period   Angola   experienced   the   facets   of   Portuguese colonialism. The city of Luanda presents itself as a space in which mixed-race, black and white populations were concentrated, which led to an increase in racial and social segregation. At this juncture, Mário Pinto de Andrade assumes a privileged place for belonging   to   one   of   Luanda's   traditional   families.   For   this   reason,   Mário   Pinto   de Andrade has the opportunity to study in the Portuguese metropolis - Lisbon. And it is in Portugal that the new bonds of friendship, the new spaces of sociability contribute to its intellectual and revolutionary growth. Mário Pinto de Andrade leaves Portugal and goes to   Paris,   which   becomes   a   territorial   space   full   of   meanings.   His   participation   in Présence Africaine represented a new way of belonging to a new world that promotes the interbreeding of African man. Alongside personal events, the process of affective deterritorialization of Angola, Mário Pinto de Andrade experiences the ubiquity and dissent of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Mário Pinto de Andrade experiences identity conflicts in the context of the national liberation struggle, namely the struggle for Angolan independence and the Ativa Revolt in 1974. At the same time, he found himself silenced or preferred to remain silent within his eternal exile.   This   entire   historical   context   is   inserted   after   the   Second   World   War.   The methodological approach to reading, analyzing and investigating these sources will be through  the  cartographic  method,  in  particular,  using  Suely  Rolnick's  approach.  To better   articulate   this   research,   a   dialogue   will   be   maintained   with   the   theoretical propositions of Marcelo Bittencourt, Maria da Conceição Neto, Inocência Mata and Amanda Palomo Alves.

The theme of this research is the formation of two spaces that, with different initiatives in   their   organization   and   objectives,   had in common the grouping of people who migrated from their homelands and rural origins to the municipality of Crato, in the interior of the state of Ceará. We are talking about the community of Caldeirão da Santa Cruz do Deserto, created in 1926 and definitively destroyed by the State in 1938, and the Buriti Concentration Camp, created during the drought of 1932 and having its activities closed down in 1933. The perspective of our analysis is that, despite being forged differently, both spaces, which were even contemporary experiences between the drought years of 1932 and 1933, had common characteristics, especially with regard to the people who were there, people of backland origin, who at that time were seen as a hindrance to the moment of transformation that Brazilian society was going through. To study these two spaces is to study the history of the sertanejos who migrated, either to a rural space where  they  could have other  forms of  existence in  which the  workers enjoyed   their   own   work,   which   did   not   happen   on   the   estates   where   the  farmers maintained a relationship of land ownership aimed at the market and merchandise, or by migrating to the city to also seek a new way of life different from the one these workers were   used   to   in   the   countryside.   Our   work   considers   concepts   such   as   racism, necropolitics, biopower and the state of exception. To this end, we will discuss theories based on authors such as Achille Mbembe, Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben. What we see is that even in bourgeois democracy there is a project that naturalizes and normalizes the state of exception in a particular segment of society, where anything is possible, including taking the lives of people considered by the ruling classes to be undesirable or the basic conditions of their existence, as well as promoting the exposure of bodies to   death.   To this end,   we   will work with   a   variety of sources  such   as newspapers of the time, eugenics bulletins, pronouncements and documentaries.

This thesis aims to analyze the blues scene in Fortaleza, between 2000 and 2008. The blues, after consolidating itself as a musical production in Brazil in the late 1980s, also in the same period, began to develop in Fortaleza, configuring its presence and performance. This development led to the emergence of a blues scene (as will be shown in the Introduction) in Fortaleza. Subsequently, throughout the 1990s, the scene was consolidated and, from the beginning of the 2000s, it was reconfigured mainly with the entry of new members and the emergence of new opportunities for the blues, readjusting the field of activity of the scene in Fortaleza. The year 2000, as can be seen, referred to the transition between two periods of the blues scene: the first phase (characterized by the development/consolidation of the scene) and the second (representing its growth). The year 2008 was marked by the creation of the Casa do Blues association (entity that emerged in Fortaleza because of the blues scene). Delimiting the interval between 2000 and 2008, I intend to investigate the actions of the members of this scene to identify and problematize their transformations. As sources, I highlight the testimonies of these subjects (specifically those who joined from the 2000s), the hemerographic materials and the cartography that contributed to guiding the blues scene in Fortaleza and beyond. As theoretical references, in addition to the concept of scene, discussions on the categories space/place as well as the notions of (re)territorialization and (multi)territorialities are included. Finally, also in theoretical-methodological terms, I refer to the issue of cyberspace as a means of investigating new forms of spatialization of the blues scene.

This thesis is a critical analysis of the demonstrations that took place in Brazil in June 2013. Our problem arose from the perception of the largely contradictory nature of those demonstrations, which were still presented and defended from a single perspective, that of progressive rebellion, but which had metamorphosed into the baptismal font of the Brazilian right. Using as a key to our interpretation historical-dialectical materialism, its category of totality, its historicism and humanism, and its dialectical conception of contradiction, we sought to go beyond the appearance of that historical phenomenon, situating it amidst the intensification of geopolitical disputes that have been taking place on the planet since the beginning of the 21st century, a situation that was aggravated by the 2008 crisis. We used primary and secondary sources, as well as interviews and extensive bibliography to develop our analysis. We interpret social reality as a historical process that develops through class struggle, as well as struggle between nations, with a central role for the category of labor and the contradictions between capital and labor. The Leninist category of imperialism has enabled us to understand the materiality of nations and the contradictory dialectic of uneven and combined development between the Global North and South, which is now reflected in the gradual shift of the center of the world economy toward Asia and the consequent worsening of the capitalist crisis. The imperialist bloc’s attempt to reverse this development occurs through an offensive policy of imposing neoliberal recipes that make it possible to increase the transfer of wealth from the South to the Global North. To this end, they use economic wars involving sanctions of all kinds, legal wars, monetary pressures, as well as a policy of changing governments that are inconvenient to them, using proxy wars and color and tweeted revolutions. We have noted that the new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), Philanthropic Foundations and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are among the tools used in these actions. Our thesis is that the political turmoil that spread across several countries in North Africa and Western Asia from 2010 onwards reverberated in Brazil through the same mechanisms and tools of “regime change”, producing, here, the “tweeted revolution” of June 2013 and resulting in the neoliberal offensive that has worsened the situation in our country since then.

In opposition to perspectives that looked at the History textbook considering it only as an imperfect reproduction of the knowledge produced in the academy, in recent years, the statement that the textbook is composed of several types of knowledge has become common. However, we did not find a study that puts this complexity under discussion, to understand what are, after all, these different dimensions that build the textbook. Having established this as our objective, a first step is to abandon the search for a totalizing concept about the textbook. This material changes over time and if we wanted to group all the textbooks that ever existed into a single characterization, we would need to abdicate the particular elements of each model that was consolidated over time and spaces. We are particularly interested in the school textbook model that has become known in recent decades, and was in force, approximately, from PNLD 2004 to 2018. For the methodology with which we will study our problem, we are inspired by the historical method, the content analysis (as discussed in Bardin, 1977) and in the speech analysis. We seek to account for three discussions that are related to our objective. First, using the scope of 493 works (theses, dissertations, among others), we carried out a cartography of the production regarding of the History textbook, analyzing a series of its characteristics. Here, we observe, on the one hand, which dimensions of the textbook are treated as central in research over time, a study that allowed us to conclude that, even if the quality of the research has improved, the academic production, as a whole, continues to focus on just a few aspects of the textbook. On the other hand, we also observed what conceptions about textbooks are configured and how they are used by other studies. It was possible to perceive that the uses of the concepts assume a configuration markedly different from the original proposals. We also identified that there are a number of other conceptions about the textbook that do not necessarily take the form of concepts. In a second moment, we revisit the History of the textbook to reflect on how the various elements of this material are approached in it, observing dimensions that are considered central and others that do not receive the same attention in the History written about this material. Finally, we analyzed textbooks to identify and demonstrate, in these primary sources, the prism of elements that constitute them. We hope that, with the reading of this study, which aims to understand what it means for the textbook to be composed of a plurality of dimensions, research with this material will approach it considering the existence of these various elements. Since, the adequateunderstanding of the complexity of a source is a fundamental step for it to be studied in an increasingly pertinent way.

This dissertation aims to understand the uses of the past in the construction of the place in theof Rio Grande Norte from the writings of the intellectual from Pernambuco and foundingpartner of the IHGRN, Vicente de Lemos, from 1907 to 1912. This selection is justified bythe writings of the intellectual: the first refers to the publication of the Papéis Velhos column;the second concerns the year of printing of the author's only book, entitled Capitães-mores eGovernadores do Rio Grande do Norte. The act of turning over old papers at the beginning ofthe 20th century was far from being a disinterested activity. The Question of Grossos wouldhave been the trigger for the systematized document search in the state of Rio Grande doNorte. Thus, in the face of such an undertaking, when going through the archives and pagingthe dusty documentation, Lemos not only selected the documents that were interesting for thestory, but also defined, together with the dominant group, Albuquerque Maranhão, whichstory should be told. Through writing, the illustrated meant the state space, through the use ofhistory, attributing meaning and value to it, transforming it into a place. In this way, thescholar also contributed to fostering a vision of the past and a project for the future. Thus, tobetter understand this intellectual, this work focuses on his sociability, on his work as ahistorian and politician. In order to understand how the scholar's historiography helped him tomanage the place in the north of Rio Grande, this research is dedicated to analyzing hiswritings, identifying the characters, the facts, that is, the version of the past that he intended totell. With regard to the methodology, it was carried out through documental survey, tabulationand qualitative, quantitative and evidence analysis of newspapers, magazines, books, Reportsof President of Province and Governors, almanacs and other texts.

This work objective to historicize the composition of new soundscapes in Alto Sertão paraibano, particularly through the musical hybridisms undertaken by the band Tocaia da Paraíba, between 1995 and 2010. Therefore, it is understood that the group is the result of a complex alternative music scene formed in the city of Cajazeiras (Paraíba), in the late 1980s. In this rhythm, as an branch of this local musical culture, the band Tocaia da Paraíba became one of the main exponents of the musical circuit of Paraíba during the 1990s and 2000s, especially, for two reasons: first, by the hybrid structure of its sonority that, established in the middle of Alto Sertão paraibano, brought to its cultural practices new musical references from rock to the bands of pífano, from jazz to coco de roda, from samba to repente sertanejo, uniting the local and global spheres and leading the group to compose  authorial  songs  that  tensioned  the  traditional  conceptions  of  northeastern musicality, particularly the sound space of the sertão paraibano; then, for the notoriety conquered in the musical events to which participated, spread to practically all regions of the  national  territory,  as  well  as  the  appearance  in  journalistic  articles  of  prominent national press. In view of this theme, the present historical analysis seeks to understand the  cultural  practice  that  this  group  proposed  from  its  aesthetic  conceptions  and  the configuration of a hybrid soundscape, positioned by an attitude of artistic independence and alternation with the musical mainstream. As sources, are used the CD insert (cover, back cover) and songs inserted in the albums Tocaia (2000) and Botando pra quebrar (2005),  as  well  as  periodicals  that  reported  the  group  (such  as  Folha  de  São  Paulo, Tribuna  da  Imprensa  and  Gazeta  do  Alto  Piranhas),  blogs,  physical  dissemination materials  (pamphlets  and  posters  of  the  shows),  photographic  records,  audiovisual recordings and interviews - both  with the band Tocaia and other groups of the local alternative scene (GONZÁLEZ, 2013). Regarding the theoretical basis, it is carried out from the operationalization of the concepts of: soundscape, spatil perspective built by Murray Schafer (2011a; 2011b) and Tim Ingold (2015); sertões, discussed by Janaína Amado  (1995)  and  Durval  Muniz  de  Albuquerque  Júnior  (2014);  popular  song, instrumentalized by Marcos Napolitano (2002), José Geraldo Vinci de Moraes (2000), Adalberto Paranhos (2015) and Luiz Tatit (2012); and cultural hybridity, made possible by Nestor Canclini (2019) and Peter Burke (2003).

Maria Firmina dos Reis was a writer, teacher and composer from Maranhão (1825-1917). Her first published work, Úrsula (1859) is considered the first abolitionist novel from Brazil. This work aims to investigate the space of memories in the Maria Firmina dos Reis’ literature. For this, the present research investigates the context in which the author lived: Maranhão in the 19th century and the space occupied by her in literature and the press. This work relates Firmina dos Reis' experiences as a black woman with the construction of her literary space with the objective of analyzing  the  black  and  female  protagonism  in  her  works.  The  main  sources  listed  for  this investigation are the novel  Úrsula (1859)  and the  short stories  A escrava (1887) and  Gupeva (1861). As sources of comparison are used the 19th century Maranhão newspapers, as well as the write's diary called O Álbum. This research looks the literature as a space for Firmina dos Reis' memories by the concepts of Aleida Assmann, Jacques Le Goff, Luís Santos and Silvana Oliveira. This work consider the space built through writing as a place for the subject to act in which her experiences overflow in literary representations too. Conceição Evaristo and Jacques Derrida think this  system  of  representations  linked  to  the  subject’s  experiences  and  their  contributions  are relevant to this work. This research also thinks the literature as a political space based on the considerations of Rene Rémond, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. It seeks to understand how Firmina dos Reis represents 19h century society in her literature, especially with regard to women and black people, as well as the possible criticisms that may arise from her plots, in view of her condition as a black woman in Brazil in the 19th century.

This work aims to analyze the memory that has been constructed about a community that is in the process of ruin, Ilha Bela, located in the rural area of the city of Ceará-Mirim, which is part of the metropolitan region of the capital of Rio Grande do Sul. North. More specifically, the study analyzed here starts from the memories of the reminiscent of Ilha Bela in the present time, the time of the ruins, having as the main source of analysis for the research the book of memories written by a reminiscent of the space of Ilhabela, Mr. Francisco Canindé Dias. The community went into ruination in the 1990s, when its last residents were forced to leave their homes, which were then demolished, leaving only the ruins of the sugar mill building, which was the economic base of the population of Ilhabela and part important part of sugar production in the city of Ceará-Mirim. From the 1990s onwards, when the houses were demolished, the group of reminiscent people who experienced the place in the time when the plant still produced and served as an employment bond felt the need to continue to meet to recall the years of practice and experience in the place that is part of their life stories. The meetings of ex-residents of Ilha Bela began in 2002, and since then they have been held every year, in December, bringing together individuals who now live in different states of the country. The meetings enabled the writing of Mr. Days based on his memories and the collective remembrances that take place every year in the meetings of former residents of Ilha Bela. The book composes the main sources analyzed in this study on the memories of Ilha Bela in the present time and the memories that have been built over the years in the annual meetings and that serve as a representation object for the group that persists in remembering the space.

Within the scope of maritime trade in the Indian and the Pacific Ocean at the end of the 16th century and beginning of the 17th century, Japan is in the period of its history known as reunification. After the period of internal wars, or Sengoku Jidai, in 1603, the Tokugawa house assumed the shogunal title, beginning an administration that would last two hundred years. At the beginning of the Tokugawa government, European nations were actively trading with the Japanese. As mediators between these people were the members of the Society of Jesus, a mendicant order that was born with the purpose of spreading Christianity throughout the world. The 16th century, for Japan, was a time of transition from a period of intense conflicts to a time of relative peace, however the first years of the Tokugawa administration were marked by several measures that aimed, among other purposes, to prevent the landlords, or Daimyou, had the opportunity to rebel against the central government again. In this scenario of changes is Kyûshû, one of the four largest islands in the archipelago, which is located on the south of the archipelago. Kyûshû, due to its privileged geographical position, was the scenario of the greatest part of the interaction between the Japanese and various foreign peoples who were present on Japanese lands. This work aims to analyze the different spaces of interaction between the Japanese and the different groups of foreigners who were present in the archipelago at the beginning of the Tokugawa period, 1603, until the granting of the edict that decreed the closure of Japan's ports in 1639; understanding the concept of Space as a practiced place (CERTAU, 2014), and thinking about this concept combined with that of territoriality understood as a hybrid, never undifferentiated, of concrete and symbolic (HAESBAERT, 2004), and otherness (TODOROV, 2003), to analyze the territorial changes and the various contacts that took place in the land of the rising sun, focusing on the island of Kyûshû, which, due to its specificity, provides us with a better understanding of the analyzed context.

The present work proposes to investigate how the disputes between the Brazilian State and the authors of textbooks took place, between 1995 and 2016, around the constitution of a concept of textbook, understood here as a know-how. In this sense, I list the documents produced and disseminated by the Brazilian Association of Authors of Educational Books (ABRALE), and the PNLD Guides, prepared by the Brazilian State. Such productions were observed in the light of Content Analysis, which made it possible to expand their reading to reach practical, psychological, historical, economic and sociological aspects (Laurence Bardin, 1980), which were consolidated from the writings of Jürgen Habermas (1996) and Michel de Certeau (2013), authorizing the observation of language and practices in the world as two sides of the same coin, elements that would dialectically compose the ways of acting, producing and relating to reality.

Tierra de Guerra (land of war) was a common definition used in the Hispanic texts about colonial Chile. It commonly described, as we shall see, a wide space of warlike, where the war functioned as a constant mechanism of making territories. In that scene, war modeled an idiosyncratic form of relationship between Spaniard conquerors and settlements and the indigenous people who inhabited the current Chilean territory. The promaucaes, as the Incas called them, also known as Araucanians or Mapuche in later times, would stand out by their resistance. Influenced by conflicts and other forms of interaction, the World of Spaniards and Mapuches coexisted either against each other or aligned, into the temporal borders of our research, which goes from the mid-16th to mid-17th. In that way, we questioned the meaning of the Tierra de Guerra: what is this about? How was it thought? What kind of political and spatial relations did it produce? Understanding the Hispanic-Mapuche colonial conflicts is a fundamental part to draft answers to these doubts. We started with the origins of the conflict: the Conquests of America. It was the Iberic preconceptions of expansionism, religion, law, war, and otherness that permitted some hidalgos to get so long as Pedro de Valdivia in the Nueva Extremadura. From that, we begin to question the understanding of the general factors that led to the conquest, occupation, and Hispanic formation of a new territory, the most southward on the scattered empery of Spain: The Kingdom of Chile. Afflicted by decades of constant wars and rebellions against an indigenous population that resisted submission, the Spaniards, settled from Copiapó to Chiloé, living in isolated fortresses and sieged cities, needed to deal with monumental native uprisings between 1598-1604. The fall and abandonment of the seven cities and fortress in the south of Biobío River was a disruptive milestone to the Spanish failure at the conquest and pacification of the land of war. From that, a much-debated frontier situation would develop in the 17th century. The Frontier would be an indelible mark of this colonial reality, embodied by several frontiers of war and peace. Thereafter, was born a longstanding complex of frontiers, characterized by otherness, conflicts, and by the notion of the existence of a limit. To finish, it is necessary to question how the historical subjects thought, deliberated, and planned change, hold, or obliterate the Tierra de Guerra. We mandatorily pass through the idealization and realization of the defensive war thought by Father Pedro de Valdivia, opposing to offensive war proposal, a Fuego y Sangre (by fire and blood), led by several commanders and governors, among them was detached, Alonso de Ribera. Captains, Jesuits, viceroys, and indigenous leaders coexisted and digladiated around different political projects for that spatiality. A stage to historical and centenaries conflicts, the land of war is a fundamental part of the fierce conflicts between Spaniards and Indigenous. Loudly, this land emits echoes that can be listening until our own time.

This thesis aims to investigate the urbanization process of the city of Natal, as well as its suburbanization process, in the first half of the 20th century, having as a privileged object the analyzes of the neighborhood of Rocas. From the reading and criticism of sources such as newspapers, government reports, laws, decrees, photographs, as well as the historiographic production itself on the theme of the urban history of the city of Natal in the period under review, it is possible to see how some spaces in the city were favored during this process of urbanization/modernization and how the neighborhood of Rocas, in addition to being physically accommodated on the banks of the river and the sea, were also on the margins of that process and, in a certain sense, on the margins of history. The projects, the urban plans, the design of the streets, the legislation regulating the spaces and their inspection, which did not have sanitary ideals at the forefront of their actions, had a segregating and excluding character, as they were related to the desires of the direct classes of guarantee the beautification and modernization of the city, technology, rationality, mastery of nature and progress. Until the 1930s, the image of Rocas was associated with a place of social marginalization, danger, unhealthy conditions, disorder, poverty and crime. From the 1940s onwards, lasting mainly under the management of Sylvio Pedroza, it was formed as you could see, it gradually changed, being related to the space of tradition, culture and popular festivities. In view of this, we seek to shed light on this part of the city, which was on the margins of the urbanization process of Natal during a good part of the period under examination, in order to understand what would have motivated the production of those speeches and how, in a certain way, , influenced the development process of Rocas, which was only officially recognized as a city district in 1947, through law nº 251, which divided the city of Natal into eleven districts, nine of which belong to the urban area, of which which Rocas were part of, and must belong to, the suburban region, the neighborhoods of Quintas and Carrasco.

The second half of the 17th century in Portuguese America was marked by a warlike conjuncture whose main intention was the effective conquest of the most inland portions of the captaincies. After the expulsion of the Dutch, in 1654, the military agenda of the main institutions of governance turned to war mobilizations on two frontiers: the mocambos in the Palmares region, in the captaincy of Pernambuco; and the hinterlands of the captaincies of Rio Grande, Paraíba and Ceará, where the “barbarians” indigenous  were an obstacle to the advance of colonization. Such conquest wars took place practically simultaneously, with expenditure of troops and resources for both fronts of conquest. It was not uncommon for subjects to act on both frontiers, alternately, aiming to achieve their personal interests, adding services to the Crown that could be converted into royal favors. This thesis aims to analyze the process of consolidation of the colonial region of the Northern Captaincies of the State of Brazil from the conquest wars of the hinterlands, namely: the Wars of Palmares and the so-called “War of the Barbarians”. The actions of individuals and institutions directly linked to the movements of conquest of territories will be taken as guiding the analyses, mainly seeking to understand what were their motivations and interventions in the conquest processes, in the interval that extends from 1654 to 1718. To this end, diverse document sets were consulted, such as the Overseas Historical Archive, the Historical Documents Collection of the National Library and the Conde dos Arcos Collection, which, through the heuristic method, were crossed with previously known information of the two events studied, in order to in order to expand existing understanding of the details of the conquest wars.

Based on the first three literary works written by Francisco José Costa Dantas, respectively Coivara da Memória (1991), Os Desvalidos (1993) and Cartilha do Silêncio (1997), this work analyzes the construction of a literary space that represents the state of Sergipe between 1900 and 1950. Dantas' narratives recreate this Sergipe of the past through his sentences and imagination, the latter moved by experiences and memories. Therefore, I try to examine what are the aspects that make up this place of the past forged by creativity, experiences and words. In view of this objective, I will investigate how Francisco Dantas constructed his identity as an author and intellectual in Sergipe, as well as analyzing his repercussions as a writer on the national and local scene. Then, I will investigate how much Francisco Dantas articulates his personal and family experiences in the production of his literature, recreating spaces from his youth. As well, I will problematize the action of the characters in Sergipe society recreated by the author, examining the social tensions, and comparing these men and women made by sentences to those that belonged to Francisco Dantas' lived experience. In this way, I also seek to understand how the author mobilizes regionalism in his literature, to build this northeastern spatial cutout, full of nostalgia and traditional regionalist topics. From the analysis of such elements, it will be possible to study how Francisco Dantas forged his literary Sergipe as a creative representation of the space belonging to the lived experience.

The present paper proposes to discuss how a certain regime of audibility linked to the northeastern region was organized from the instrumentalization of a sound archive linked to this region in the work of the accordion player from Pernambuco, Luiz Gonzaga (1912-1989). To do so, we will concentrate the analysis on the artist's performance on the radio, more specifically on the program "No Mundo do Baião" (1950-1951), starring him and his main songwriting partners - Humberto Teixeira (1915-1979) and Zé Dantas (1921-1962) - on Rádio Nacional. Starting from this documentation and clipping, we seek to show how the construction of given spatialities is linked to a symbolic apprehension and composition of space, which in the case in question involves the articulation of elements, sound marks and fundamental sounds attributed to the Northeast and that confer on the region a pretended aesthetic, cultural and formal purity. A deeper analysis of Luiz Gonzaga's work will allow us to understand the historical conditions of possibility for the emergence of the baião and the other rhythms influenced by Gonzaga in the enunciation of a Northeastern soundscape through the mechanisms of radio production in Rio de Janeiro in the 1950s. In this sense, this paper will seek to narrate the process of composition of this spatiality in Gonzaga's work through the articulation of formal and aesthetic elements and the "sound archive" that tried to fix to the region its alleged authenticity and purity, with the material conditions of production, reception and circulation of music in the large centers of Brazil in the exposed cut, as well as the trajectory of the artist himself, his paths and mishaps until his consecration as an "artist from the brazillian Northeast".

The main objective of this work is to produce a study about the spatial hierarchization of historical knowledge in Brazil through production places and historiographic narratives in which the Rio-São Paulo axis emerges as widespread  and  diffuse  spatiality in the national territory. This event occurred in parallel with the design of a professional and academic Brazilian Historiography, as well as in an environment – from the 1980s and 1990s – in which there was an emergency in academic journals and in the specialized literature of historiographical reflections as a wholesome. This was largely due to the discussion around historiographic renewals, the emergence of new graduate programs in the different regions of the country and the production of a historiographical memory of the  institutions.  Thus,  this  research  venture  is  situated  between  the  history  of historiography  and  a  cultural  history  of  spaces.  This  means  emphasizing  spatial construction as an aspect resulting from discursive operations that attribute meaning to the  national  space  through  historiographical  images  and  representations,  as  well  as through  places  of  production  and  enunciation  of  historical  knowledge  in  constant litigation in the narrative of historians.  These layers of tensions are expressed between narratives,  problems  seen  as  methodological  fallibility  in  the  treatment  with documentation, errors in the spatial clipping of research, institutional disputes and/or between  groups  of  historians  and  through  a  national  paradigm.    In  these  disputes, historical discourse is shown as a relevant aspect, because it is through it and that borders are raised and territories materialize, as well as identities and social and subject places.  The sources mobilized were the writings of historians and the writings on and around institutional disputes within the scope of history in the sense of a venture whose own object  is  the  mapping  of  existing  spatial  tensions.  Cartography  is  the  methodology designed to suggest the coexistence of different paths, paths and historical trajectories that ended up circumscribing spatial regimes in the writing of historians who work in the national  territory.  Thus,  we  will  problematize  the  historical  construction  of  spatial clipping  data  in the  narrative  of  historians,  providing  progress in  research  on  spatial hierarchies in Brazilian historiography.

Monsters and fantastic creatures that escape from human understanding are remarkableliterary elements in Howard Phillips Lovecraft’s (1890 - 1937) narratives. He is also knownas   the   author   of   the   uncanny   fiction   genre.   His   fantasies   writings   point   up   to   areconstruction of American identity in the first decades of the 20th century. To cause fearand disgust with distorted views about the Other - non-Teutonic peoples - whether throughletters, newspaper articles or in the monsters in fictional narratives, Lovecraft reveals axenophobic feeling, of a racist nature, against the migratory flow of diverse peoples whocame to inhabit New England - a region idealized by the author as the holder of the trueessence of the United States. Through the geographical concepts of place and landscape offear, Yi-Fu  Tuan  (1983;  2005)  demonstrates  how  individuals  appropriate and  recreatespaces from experience. In addition to the method of literary cartography by Robert Tally(2020), it demonstrates how the writer, just like the cartographer, uses several imaginarymechanisms, based on the perceptions of his own experience, to create symbolic maps thatrepresent reality. Thus, it is observed that Lovecraft reconstructed the meaning of theregion in which he lived from his own sensory and affective experiences; just like occurredin several writings - fictional, epistolary narratives and articles in periodicals - using thehistorical imaginary to reframe the American cultural identity

This   dissertation   intends   to   build   an   analysis   of   the   existing   relationships   between   theconstruction of the Sanatorium Meduna with the ideal progress and modernity existing inTeresina in the 1950s. Teresina was founded in 1952, planned to be a modern city in the midstof a province that still carried aspects colonial. Meduna Sanatorium is inserted in the city in acontext of lack of mental health assistance. The institution and its founder, Clidenor de FreitasSantos, played an indispensable role in the constitution of a Piauí psychiatry. Thus, in order toanalyze the relationship between Sanatório Meduna and the modernization of Teresina's urbanspace, we enter into other important issues for the theme. Consequently, we investigated thenecessary events that led Clidenor  de Freitas Santos to consider the construction of theMeduna Sanatorium; how assistance was given to the insane before and after the hospital,without   forgetting   the   importance   of   Clidenor   de   Freitas   Santos   in   this   process;   whatconception of madness existed in Piauí in this clipping; the relationship between madness andcriminality; what was the social profile of the Meduna Sanatorium patients; among otheraspects. Therefore, it was necessary to base the discussion in the light of theorists such asFoucault, Henri Lefebvre, Norbert Elias. As a source, newspapers, reports, testimonies andmessages from the governors of Piauí, the previous files of the general picture of the patientsof Sanatório Meduna, the regiment of Sanatório Meduna and an interview with the daughterof Clidenor de Freitas Santos were used. With the analysis of this documentation, associatedwith the historiographical debate of the period, we verified the importance of the constructionof the Sanatorium Meduna, inserted in a scenario present in many other Brazilian cities,referring to the modernization of the urban space and assistance to the insane.

In this work we analyze the discursive production of the internato, the cidade and the usina, spaces of otherness in relation to the space of the engenho banguê, in the literature of the novelist and memorialist José Lins do Rêgo. We intend to problematize the symbolic dimension: meanings, values and images, mobilized by this scholar to constitute these spatialities, that is, how the figurative construction of these literary spaces takes place in his work. We start from the assumption that the most different spaces are social constructions, the result of material and symbolic investments, carried out at a given moment and by certain subjects. Our research had as main sources the works of the so-called '' sugar cane cycle '', notably the novels Doidinho (1933), Moleque Ricardo (1935) and Usina (1936), but because we are situated in the field of cultural history, we work with a variety of sources: memorial writings, newspapers and letters exchanged. Our time frame is based on the publication period of the analyzed works: it starts in 1933 - date of publication of the first novel Doidinho - and goes until 1936 - date of publication of the last one, Usina.

This research aims to discuss the fictional creations of the country of Bruzundanga in the work of Lima Barreto, which reflects the historical events of the city of Rio de Janeiro, in the context of Brazil’s First Republic. Above all, the legal dimension of this country will be dealt with, of the difficulties that, according to the writer, were faced to give carnality to the dreams of the ordered and republican city. From there, it shows the obstacles experienced by the statesmen who tried to do it, who did little or almost nothing to take away the republican dreams of na ideal country and city. The object of this research is the constant references that Barreto made about the Right, in his writings that almost always revolve around the theme of the lack of organization and management of a national bureaucratic system. The debates on the history of the body and the sensitivity guide the discussions of this work and, throughout the research, bridges of dialogue are built with David Le Breton, Georges Vigarello, Erving Goffman, Jean Jacques Courtine and Claudine Haroche. The sources mobilized to develop the discussion are Barretian journalistic, literary and biographical writings. The time frame of this research begins in 1900, based on the writing time of the first notes by Lima Barreto in his Intimate Diary. We ended our investigation in 1922, which marks the death of the writer.

The present work seeks to analyze the Norwegian Black Metal scene, having a temporal cut that permeates the 1990s until the mid 2010s, which became a spatiality responsible for many of the influencing pillars of this subgenre of Heavy Metal. Initially marked by the artistic production based on satanism, misanthropy and death, ends at certain moment finding in nature and uses of past a new exploratory lyrical and imagery bias, resulting in a series of discourses that evoke nostalgia and topophilia to criticism of so-called modern world through nazifascist elements and reproduced in some media formats such as records, magazines, k7 tapes and fanzines. Such work started from the assumption this scene in the studied period is configured – being one of the most influential among the varied heavy metal music and culture subgenres – in a space that incorporates symbolic and material readings, as a justification for certain views and contradictions of its actors. 

The second half of the 18th century was one of the most intense periods in the history of the Portuguese kingdom and, especially, of Portuguese America, given the administrative, economic and political transformations arising from the Pombaline reforms. The creation of the Village of Pombal, in the hinterland of Piancó, in 1772, is only one of the reflexes of these changes in the captaincy of Paraíba. Its installation was significantly important, because, in addition to making viable the royal project of appropriation, control and organization of the territory, it made it possible for the Piancó hinterland to have its own chamber, an institution that joined the other existing authorities (military, legal and religious), since the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th, and provided some kind of autonomy and bargaining power to the men of that hinterland. In this new context, political conflicts broke out at the internal and external levels, involving local and coastal authorities, which placed Piancó and the Village of Pombal in a prominent position in the political scenario of the captaincy, thus indicating possible changes in their local dynamics. And it is this dynamic that we investigate. The present work aims to analyze the changes that took place in the socio-political dynamics of the Piancó backlands in the second half of the 18th century, a period in which the creation and administrative organization of its new jurisdictional territory, the Village of Pombal. For this, in addition to the use of specialized bibliography (classical and academic), we rely on the analysis of official and manuscript sources, produced throughout the 18th century, both locally and externally. They are: royal orders, correspondence, population maps, council terms of the senate of the chamber of Pombal, books of notes and inventories.

This work investigates how the theft of a saint, a practice carried out in favor of the rains in the Northeast of Brazil, constitutes the sertões as a sacred space. Based on the theft of Catholic images, especially that of the patron saint of rains, São José, in rural communities in the municipality of Pombal, we analyzed this winter experience, its meanings and everyday interests to understand the sacredness of rural spaces in the sertão of estate of Paraiba. In the theoretical field – based on Certeau (1998), Segaud (2016), J. Assmann (2016), A. Assmann (2011), Dubar (2006), Hall (2006), Tuan, (1983), Hobsbawn (1997 ), Geertz (2008), Ingold (2012), Descola (2015), Haesbaert (2007) and Zambrano (2001) – the research operationalizes the concepts of space, memory, identity, experience, tradition and territory in order to examine the socio-cultural aspects mobilized together with the practice to configure this sertaneja spatiality. As a methodology, from the analyzes of Meihy and Holanda (2011) and Delgado (2006), we used Oral History to problematize the memories around this religious practice, constituted by the narratives of those who experience the local daily life, realizing how these memories act in the formation of spaces for remembrance and establish identities that territorialize socio-religious experiences in these locations. The iconological analysis of images and artifacts of faith linked to theft, based on Menezes (2003), and the appreciation of written documents about the lives of people who lived there, complement the methodological support of the research. Therefore, by showing that the theft of saints gave new meaning to community knowledge, memories and identities, we found that the sertões studied constitute sacred spaces. 

The objective of this study is to analyze the presence of slave families in the parish of Sant'Ana  of  São  José  de  Mipibu  between  the  years  1841  and  1862,  observing  the construction of a slave territoriality in a space that was not theirs a priori, but rather the Church and Catholic Society. We interpret the formation of slave family institutions in this space as an act of resistance and survival by these enslaved women and men, who were inserted in a slave society. For this, we have as the main source of study the baptism records of this parish, which were read, transcribed, analyzed and systematized based on the methodology of Serial and Quantitative History. In fact, we believe in the choices of godfathers and godmothers by captive families at the time of the baptism of slave children would be a  strategy for  survival, (re)existence  and the search  for autonomy  of  these slavery  people. The  choice  to  study  the  parish of  Sant'Ana  was  because  part  of  this ecclesiastical territory is located in the rural area of the city of São José de Mipibu, which in the 19th century played an important role economically within the province of Rio Grande do Norte, counting on small and medium sugar, rapadura and cachaça sugar mills, activities that require significant slave labor to work in the sugar cane plantations.

This research aims to analyze the performance of the Popular Housing Company of Rio Grande do Norte (COHAB / RN) in the construction of housing estates through its organizational structure in the late 1970s. COHAB / RN was constituted by the state of Rio Grande do North within the political and bureaucratic logic established by the National Housing Bank (BNH) during the period of the Brazilian Military Dictatorship to act within the scope of housing policies. For the realization of this institutional history, we used for the first time internal documentation of the institution, the Minutes of the Board of Directors of COHAB / RN from 1977-1979. This source had its content crossed with other documents, such as the newspapers O Poti and Diário de Natal; laws, decrees and regulations issued by the National Housing Bank (BNH). In the first chapter, we discuss the development of BNH's public policies. The second chapter turned to the study of the history of the early years of COHAB / RN and in the third chapter the historicization of the construction/edification of the Pirangi Project was done through the relationship between the potiguar company and BNH. Throughout the dissertation, we realized that the federal bank managed to establish a technostructure capable of how the housing was built in Brazil between 1964 until 1985. In Rio Grande do Norte, COHAB / RN, which belonged to the state government and in theory would be administratively and financially independent, in fact it acted as if it were a branch of BNH. Thus, we understand that the state housing company participated in a centralized administrative structure at BNH instead of the state government and that this administration, despite being regulated by the internal regulation of the federal bank itself, is legally contestable. The Pirangi project carried out by COHAB / RN was a “pioneer” building due to the size of the financing, the volume of housing and the social facilities provided since the project. However, its construction was more guided by a political and electoral perspective than by seeking to reduce the state housing deficit. Thus, the inhabitants of the complex had to survive far from an adequate infrastructure (lack of water, transportation, school, commerce and an adequate health post) and the discourse of guaranteeing social equipment from the beginning was not consolidated in the reality of those people's lives. In addition, the conflict between practicing a public policy aimed at the poorest and having to maintain profitability resulted in several contradictions in which this public policy failed to reach the neediest right and the search for profitability was not carried out due to the mandatory nature of these companies trying to reach that layer of society.

This work has the objective to produce a study about the body andhow memories are inscribed on its spatial surface. Therefore, when thinking about thebody as a space, we have to specify which body is this to which we direct our research;as it is seen, described and understood within the historical and social context in whichit   is   found.   Therefore,   this  dissertation   is   anchored   in   the   female   body   seen   andunderstood as subversive, but it is also dedicated to the study of these same bodies andtheir transformations in different temporalities. That is, a fixed and immutable temporaldelimitation does not fit in the work developed here, since the main support of theresearch is constituted  by   the   memories  of women who experienced  the   policy   ofpersecution and torture put into practice during the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship(1964-1985), that   because   it  is a relatively   borderline  event with the   present,   stillproduces  reflections   in the  lives  of women  whose   memories we  will   focus  at.  Inaddition, we treated how the violence was produced against the female bodily space and why certain spots of the bodies were affected and others were not, and, consequently,how the body submited to these violations responded. Another important aspect that wewill reflect on makes reference to these same bodies and their respective processes ofresistance   and   reconstruction.   To   this   purpose,   the   analysis   of   archeogenealogicaldiscourse and quantitative history will be essential procedures during the developmentof the analysis of the countless statements, testimonies and interviews that were carriedout from the end of the 1990s to the present moment.

The objective of this work is to study the spaces present in the life and work of poetess Auta de Souza, more precisely the poetic construction of these spaces. We organize these spaces into two categories: interior and exterior spaces. For this, we take as a basis the concept of space presented by the historian Michel de Certeau, building a dialogue with the reflections of the philosopher Gaston Bachelard. Thus, through the conception of an interior space, we seek to think Auta de Souza's work as a self-writing, in which the poetess narrates her life, her relationships with family and friends, her feelings, her pains and nostalgia. On the other hand, based on the notion of exterior space, we sought to research the displacements made by Auta de Souza due to her illness - tuberculosis -, as well as the places and stories of other people recorded by the poetess in her verses. Finally, we seek to think Auta de Souza as a  nineteenth-century  black  intellectual  from  Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  based  on the discussion of the spaces conquered by the poetess  in  the  midst  of  an  intellectual universe dominated by white men. We use as a privileged source her only book of poems, Horto, as well as some other biographical and academic works that present the  poetess  as  an  object  of  study.

The organization of commemorative celebrations exposes how agents and social groups are creators of the historical narrative - preserving memory, silencing or forgetting - that gives another meaning to their own cultural identity. Permeated by feelings and emotions, these agents transform the representations of their spaces into new forms of spatial experiences, such as occurred in São Paulo between the years 1947 to 1955. Resentful of the political exclusion caused since the Revolution of 1930 - the economic elite linked the São Paulo State Industries Center (CIESP) and the political group of the Progressive Social Party (PSP) - idealized the celebrations of the IV Centenary of the Sao Paulo capital in light of a new identity resignification to represent the entire space of the region. Over the course of almost half a decade, the leadership position to promote the celebrations will be divided between the São Paulo elite and other groups – politicians dissidents and university intellectuals - who observed in the event a form of capital gains - whether political or economic - for their social group. Through the speeches of these diverse groups, a historiographic scenario is formed, in which, in particular, the performance of the Bandeirantes - a São Paulo identity symbol - will be the target of deep debates among different representatives of the groups that disputed about the narratives about the celebrations. Based on the tropological methodology, suggested by Metahistory’s Hayden White (1992), we observed how historiographic discourse distances itself through the different social spaces - and political ideological views - in which historians are inserted in society. Moving away from the São Paulo historiographical narratives of the 1920s, in which an approximation between the São Paulo region and Brazil was sought, the cartographic concepts of Ilha-Brasil - debated along the Querela Bandeirante between the Portuguese historian Jaime Cortesão and the historian Sérgio Buarque de Holanda - and the sculpture of Aspiral Ascendente - built in Ibirapuera Park by Oscar Niemeyer - re-signified the contemporary São Paulo identity through a regional apotheosis, forgetting and silencing the identity of formerly grounded only as a region of Brazilian territorial spatiality.

This research work proposes to analise the trajectory of use of legal apparatus of Just War while
a way that increased the process of deterritorialization of Capitancy of Rio Grande, especially
the area of Açu, in the late seventeenth century. When starting with the legal and theological
debates since the fifteenth century, it is intended to observe the developments of these
discussions in the pratical reality of colonizers when faced with several indigenous groups, to
whom it proposes a denaturalization’s process. Thereby, it can perceive a instrumentalization
of this legal apparatus, just not in the indigenous legislation, as also in the actions of authorities
and residentes who supported by the argument of just war, they could intesify the spread of
institutional frontiers and new territorializations in the Portuguese America. Through of the
discourse analysis produced by the colonial institutions and authorities, as Junta das Missões
de Pernambuco, and the crossing of sources it could perceive the proportions of justice’s
incidence about the wars against the indians, between 1680 and 1720, in the hinterland of Açu,
period that comprised the Guerra dos Bárbaros. So, the indians that espaciality, had to
reorganize while a group, in a new historical and expansionist context in the new spaces, in
view of the apropriations that had with their territories. The aim of this work is reflect
historically in the specific way about the discussions that deal of just wars in the Açu, paying
attetion to this part of Guerra dos Bárbaros so that it privileges a perspective turning to
indiginous protagonism, although of restriction represented by the bureaucratic character of the
sources.

ABSTRACT

The present work analyzes, based on speeches and reports of the provincial presidents, how the medical and hygienist discourses took place in the second half of the 19th century, in the countryside of the province of Rio Grande do Norte. The factors that led to the construction of the public cemetery of the village of Conceição do Azevedo, currently Jardim do Seridó, a municipality located in Rio Grande do Norte, were analyzed, as well as how these factors led to changes in funeral culture and the social processes of perception of death and dying. The cemetery discussed in this research has been used since 1858, when it was built on a piece of land donated by Mr. Antonio de Azevedo Maia (3rd) with his wife, Úrsula Leite de Oliveira. The liturgical blessing of the cemetery took place on March 12, 1858, by Father Francisco Justino Pereira de Brito. In the 19th century, the influence of the State and of the Clergy in the construction of extramural cemeteries in the country were questions thought as a relation between political and religious powers regarding hygienist speeches and the spaces of death. Based on the assumption that the cemetery is an integral part of every city, in order to think about urbanization plans for the city, one must keep in mind the place where the people who have their final destination go;therefore, the purpose inserted in this study is to try to understand what is the relationship between the city of the dead and the city of the living, given the funeral rites lived by the people, drafting to what extent death was a terrible event for that time, and considering the number of deaths that occurred due to the diseases that plagued Seridó in the second half of the 19th century. The period studied includes the cholera outbreak and the death of children between 0 and 4 years old, caused by various diseases. Understanding how diseases attacked the region also makes one think about the attention given to the hinterland of thestate by the political actions, given that the speeches of political representatives often showed healthy and controllable spaces. Thereby, it is not just the construction of the cemetery that matters here, nor the changes in the death rites, as these factors have been shown by the historiography for some time, but rather, thinking about how politicians reacted to questions of public hygiene in the hinterland of Rio Grande do Norte, as well as the way that people in Vila de Jardim started to react to death and dying. The studies were carried out using death books, laws, municipal decrees, wills and posture codes.

ABSTRACT: Starting from a prospective position of History, in which it is closely evaluated in relation to the levels and levels of production, this research deals with the most varied spatialities linked to the Zapatista Movement, so that they understand space as an actor in actions, symbolic, discursive, selected and subjective constructions of this rich and complex social-indigenous movement. Looking at how different spatial dimensions, crossing or local, national, international and metaphorical / symbolic / imagery / aesthetic of their construction as a historical movement, as zapatistas of space - which we bring here as fragments of a mosaic - are investigated in order to reveal hidden shadows history of the movement, as well as Mexico and the world - and contribute to a deeper historical analysis of the historical process that culminated in the armed upheaval of these indigenous people in the state of Chiapas - and, in the same way, offer new perspectives for worldviews , identities, cultures and histories that build the Mexican and world scene, from the context of globalization and geopolitical relations ideologically linked to neoliberalism. For this, we have primary sources such as official Zapatista speeches, as well as representations about Zapatistas that contribute to the understanding of their signs and symbols. In short, our proposal is to provoke new historical provocations from this movement and its relations with spaces in the search for a new Mexico and new sociability for a new world. 

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This paper investigates the U.S. government's strategies for the Northeast of Brazil at a time when the region was considered the most politically unstable area in the Western Hemisphere. During the John F. Kennedy administration (1961-1963), there was a proliferation of discourses about this space. Northeastern Brazil was inscribed as a Cold War battlefield between the U.S. and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. This area became the subject of diplomatic dispatches, intelligence reports, memos, public statements, and interviews granted later by some of the most important characters involved with the U.S. diplomatic service. We used this material, now available for public consultation under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act, to analyze how the U.S. government sought to use the Alliance for Progress, one of its main foreign aid policies, to transform Northeastern Brazil into a space of control.

The research is characterized as a study on the African slave trade in colony Brazil under the Dutch yoke, between the years 1630 to 1654, instituted in the historical period known as Dutch domination in the northern captaincies, a project consolidated by the strategic and systematic occupation captaincies and sugar regions in line with the guidelines of the Dutch West India Company (WIC). Recife becomes the administrative headquarters of the new Dutch territory. Knowing this, such research brings with it the following objectives: a) to discuss in a critical-analytical way how African trafficking in the South Atlantic occurred by the Dutch; b) to study the dynamics of commercial and social relations; c) observe the construction of connected urban networks and their economy. Thus, it is intended to develop a historiographical analysis of Dutch spaces in the South Atlantic, tracing a snapshot of the known world scenario of the 17th century. It aims to problematize the advent of the Dutch company in America, its urban social complexities, institutional dealings (WIC) and the analysis of established connections as well as created by the simultaneous occupation of regions in Africa and Brazil. The study will consist of bibliographic-documentary research of qualitative and quantitative statistical data on the slave trade in the 17th century.

At the national level, we can understand that the ethnic emergency is not a new event, different from the scope of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, which shows a very recent process of ethnic self-assertion, which contrasts with the official historiography that relegates the Indians to the disappearance. The Caboclos do Assú, our object of study, among the other indigenous groups emerging from the state, are (re) defining themselves as historically active and politically aware subjects, since they express their dissatisfaction with the political and ideological processes that have left them on the sidelines of society. And, on the other hand, of the need that they have to take for themselves the defense of a differentiated identity, showing that the indigenous history of Rio Grande do Norte is marked by conflicts and struggles, especially with regard to its territorialization, being far from this propagated of the indigenous “disappearance” in historiography. Thus, the current process (c. 2015-2020) of ethnic emergence and the construction of a differentiated and territorial identity of the Caboclos do Assú / RN Community was analyzed, using a set of different written records (reports, minutes, articles of newspapers) and using the methodology of oral history, at which time we obtained an expressive set of interviews that contributed to most of the collection of this research, which we show these peoples to society as susceptible to the specific policies of indigenous populations.

The general objective of this research is to expose the processes of historical and social construction of indigenous intellectuals in different contexts in Latin America / Abya Yala, in the period from 1970 to 2018. The time frame exposes three important moments for understanding this analysis: the increased interest of indigenous people in higher education; the emergence of indigenous intellectuals and the prominence and performance of these intellectuals in different spaces as representatives of their peoples. The works of two contemporary indigenous authors are used here as main sources and have been studied in more depth: “Half face, half mask” by Eliane Potiguara and “Recado confidencial a los chilenos” by author Elicura Chihuailaf. These two authors have a central space within the research, as it is from their works that we will approach the views and perspectives of the indigenous people more deeply, since they in their positions - as indigenous intellectuals - assume a militant posture and are seen as representatives of their peoples, in their localities. The authors use poetic space as a place for the manifestation of their identities, ancestry and history. The result of this discussion will be a mapping that encompasses the main theoretical discussions about indigenous intellectuals, exposing, among other issues, the way in which indigenous intellectuals are constituted in different contexts, and the relationships of these thinkers with the urban space, academic space and poetic space. Understanding, in this way, the construction processes of these intellectuals and how indigenous intellectuals are articulated and constitute in different contexts of Latin America / Abya Yala in spaces still marked by coloniality.

This Dissertation produces a historiographical analysis of how public and private spaces were constituted in the South of England through the feminine experience. For this purpose, two novels are used as objects of analysis: Sense and Sensibility, published in 1811, and Emma, published in 1815, both authored by the English novelist Jane Austen, who lived, wrote and published during the British Georgian Era (1714- 1830). The research chose as temporal cut the years from 1811 to 1815 and it is based on the publications of the chosen sources and what they provide, which means that setbacks and advances in time in relation to this cut will have to be made for issues that the author’s own work requires and because she herself lived between 1775 and 1817; for this reason, the temporal context is inserted between the transition from the 18th to the 19th century, a period in which the sources were elaborated, and which is seen by many as a moment in English history marked by transformations that are still considered fundamental nowadays for the contemporary industrialand technological world. That was a starting point for progress, arising from the Industrial Revolution, an event that was intensified from the 19th century onwards and transformed almost all areas of that society. It was in that period of transformation that Jane Austen wrote about the daily life of gentry’s families and their properties in villages located in the English countryside, an environment that was opposed to the industrial frenzy of the cities, but which was still influenced in some way by the new changes underway. For this reason, the exercise of this research goes beyond a readingofwhat the authorwrote: itwas necessary to interpret what was not written in order to circumscribe everything that served as a relevant issue for her works. From there, we used the stimmung (or the climate of that time), and as proposed by the German theorist Hans Gumbrecht, to understand the process that drove the author’s dissatisfaction with regard to the condition ofthe women of her time, which made her transform such living nuisances into Literature. In addition, the gender theories proposed by the American philosopher Judith Butler are incorporated in this research, in order to allow an observation of the spatial manifestations of various social groups and to understand how their cultural practices could build different geographical spaces; thinking from the intersections established between gender relations and other identity belongings. In the case of this work, both gender and class relationsserveasvariablesto understandtheprocessesofexperience and space transformation. Allied to this perspective, the thinking of the British geographer Doreen Massey becomes very relevant for this research: after all, to think about the multiplicities of spaces and how they can be experienced in different ways, it is necessary to understand the positions that each person occupies in society.

Based on concept of dominium, debated for intellectual of the second scholastic of Salamanca, we marked the analysis about the use of space by Spanish empire in Indias Occidentales. The study is centered between the ends of 15th century and the eighth decade of 16th century. In this time, the New World emerge as a conquer’s territory of a power almost ever virtual, El Rei. Of this arise core points of this study: the crown’s function, the role the theological legitimation, the Church goals, the deal with the space and your human population and the importance of the new and old knowledges. Knowledge and dominium connecting either at a relationship often cooperative. The space arise like main scope. Sentenced to a force relation between different vectors of the colonial epopee, transformed itself in speech’s instance and in administrative unity, the territory. Making a historical research, we seek understand as the Spanish domain was implemented above another spaces, and as the knowledge clarified, legitimed and auxlied this process. 

This research investigates the process of territorial appropriation, carried out by the Portuguese Crown, on the north coast of the Rio Grande Captaincy, between 1500 and 1719. In order to do it, we question the occupation of this space, since the historiography production on Rio Grande Captaincy has shown a huge gap about this coastal region, as if that space was an invisible part of the territory. This research appropriates Antonio Robert de Moraes's concept of “territory”, in which the colonization process used military services and all juridical-administrative structure to expand colonial lands. Methodologically, it uses an analysis of the cartographic and written documents of the period and also investigates, through the analysis of the subjects' trajectory, guided by the studies of João Fragoso and Cristina Mazzeo Vivó, the life trajectories of the sesmeiros who acquired land in the sertões of Porto do Touro. This analysis has identified some evidence of contact between Potiguara natives and French privateers in Pititinga Cove and near Cabo de São Roque in the 16th century, it has also identified the sesmeiro Domingos de Carvalho da Silva as one of the important figures in this process of appropriation of the hinterlands of Cabo de São Roque. In conclusion, the examination of these sources has shown that the crossing of different archival sources, especially cartographic, brings rewarding results to the work of the historian interested in investigating the occupation of colonial spaces and the relations between the different levels of Portuguese administration overseas.

ABSTRACT: This work has the objective to analyze the disputes, negotiations and clashes of the Black Movement and the Brazilian State in the school space, focusing on the education for the ethnic-racial relations. This objective specifies on Afro-Brazilians in the context of Textbook National Program (PNLD) between 1995 and 2014. In this analysis, three sets of sources are used: 1) documents produced by the Black Movement, in partnership with other organized civil society groups, at events promoted by secretariats as the Special Secretariat for the Promotion of Racial Equality (SEPPIR), highlighting the reports of the National Conferences for the Promotion of Racial Equality (CONAPIR). It was included in this set of sources the documents produced exclusively by the Black Movement that were delivered directly to the Presidency of the Republic, as it was done with the manifestos prepared during Zumbi of Palmares’ March against Racism for Citizenship and Life and the Zumbi’s March + 10, realized - respectively - in 1995 and 2005, in Brasília/DF; 2) management reports from two main secretariats in the dialogue between social movements and the state: SEPPIR and the Secretariat for Continuing Education, Literacy, Diversity and Inclusion (SECADI); and 3) PNLD’s notices, documents that held the criteria of the materials to be evaluated and purchased by the program. These include all the items that are used throughout the selection process as parameters that indicate whether or not the book is eligible for purchase by the Federal Government. The inferences made from this documentation started from the content analysis proposed by Laurence Bardin, a methodology that allows us to observe the arguments used on both quantitative and qualitative grounds. As a theoretical reference, it was used the category of practiced space, based on Michael de Certeau, which allowed us to take advantage of a conception of school space that was not delimited by the walls that surround the educational institutions. This work is based on the relations that are established between the groups and the subjects involved in discussion and problematization of the teaching for the ethnic-racial relations, as well as of the Afro-Brazilian history and culture and the institutions and organs responsible for the implementation of anti-racist public policies in the country. At the end of the work, it was found that the PNLD sought to comply with the requirements of public policies and, consequently, the demands placed by the Black Movement, mainly in the qualification of the concepts and terms used, in the direct indication of the specific legislation that refers to anti-racist education in Brazil, and also in keeping the deepness that the guidelines uses against prejudice and forms of discrimination had in the general framework of the notices. These changes in the notices, even not been explicitly as a claim in the documents produced by the Black Movement and their events, are the result of a circulation of the demands brought by the activists of the Movement, who also worked in various secretariats, councils and institutions that made distance for civil society. 

ABSTRACT Virgil’s work has been analyzed for countless historians. His most notable book, Aeneid, is a high point in Latin literature, in a period known as the Golden Age of the poets. However, beyond its funcion in literature, Aeneid also show us some important conceptions to the roman culture, politics and religion in the 1 st century B.C. This research aims to analyze the space inhabited by the romans dead in the Aeneid’s cantus VI, seeking to understand the function of this space to the narrative and the relation with the roman imaginary about the afterlife. Our goal is to analyze how Virgil builds that imaginary space with narrative elements and aligns Aeneia’s journey through the Orco with the roman mortuary culture in the 1 st century B.C. The roman funeral pratices are also a study object in order to support our analysis. The methodology used in this research is the speech analysis, specifically the method of narrative totalities, in which all narrative encircles the central theme and the structure narrative feed this central idea. After that, logical bases are created to support the plot and the outcome of the story. The author is inspired on the real and draws the elements which follow a logical narrative line to create his story.

This work investigates the relations of power and processes of territorialization that the cangaceiro1 Virgulino Ferreira da Silva, better known as Lampião2 (1898-1938), constructed through the establishment of a network of protectors and coiteiros3 and in counterpoint to a network of opponents, between the years of 1920 and 1928, in the states of Pernambuco, Alagoas, Paraíba, Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte. Here the cangaço lampiônico’s4 space is not understood as given and pre-established, but as a result of the games of power and of the multiple relations that this cangaceiro has dealt with prominent subjects of the sertaneja5 politics within the context of the call First Republic. The territory is here perceived in its procedural dimension making it possible to interpret Lampião's actions as producers of multiple territories, which have gained diverse spatial configurations, such as: networked territories, territories in zones or territories in movement. Three types of sources were explored in this research: the newspapers, which published news about Lampião, between the years 1920-1928; the police reports and the memorialist bibliography about the cangaço and the band of Lampião. Starting from the problematization of these productions and the dialogue with the historiography of the theme, I try to understand how the multiple territorializations of the cangaceiro Lampião took place.

This examines the admission of “mestiços” (mixed race) individuals into the Captaincy of Rio Grande’s military administration, with an emphasis on the ones who resides in Ribeira do Seridó, in the backlands of Captaincy of Rio Grande’s riverside, between the 17th, the 18th, and the first years of the 19th centuries. To do that, it also discusses the quantitative profile of the settlers who took on roles in the Rio Grande military administration, in order to therefore make sense of the role reserved for “mestiços” in the aforementioned space in comparison to others qualified as white, black, or indigenous individuals. In consonance with this, it also investigates the institutionalization process of the military administration in the Captaincy of Rio Grande and underlines the difficulties involved with the military service in this colonial territory. This analysis also includes the role of the military institution in the process of territorialization of Ribeira do Seridó, which had a military structure as its first territorial and institutional landmark, in between the Lusitanian efforts to expand towards the American countryside: the Casa Forte do Cuó (“Cuó Stronghold”), built between 1686 and 1687, furthermore highlighting the existing relationship between this administrative institution and the construction of colonial territory in the analyzed context. Methodologically, this has taken into consideration the play of scales, as discussed by French historian Jacques Revel, in which macro (the Captaincy of Rio Grande) and micro (Ribeira do Seridó) spaces meet to make it possible to approach the military administration’s role in territorializing Ribeira do Seridó, as well as the social composition of the military corps then existent in the Captaincy of Rio Grande. In terms of documentation, this is supported by military (assignments of army personnel), parochial (baptism, marriage and death registries), and judicial (post-mortem inventories) sources, determined by the aforementioned temporal-spatial outline and submitted to data crossexamination, as well as to quantitative, serial and qualitative analyses. This work makes it possible to fill in some of the historiographic gaps in terms of research concerning the military administration in Ribeira do Seridó and in the Captaincy of Rio Grande itself, focusing on the role of “mestiços” within that field of colonial administration

The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the constitution and consolidation of the Brazilian Catholic social space centered in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the 1930s, as well as the social and political restructuring of the Brazilian Catholic Church carried out through the project of Neo-Christianity headed by Dom Sebastião Leme. To this end, we chose as a time frame the period from 1930 - 1935, because we believe it to be a strategic moment to understand the Church's actions and strategies, which sought to reconstruct its relations with the state, shaken since the Constitution of 1891 made it official and made, also, the rupture between church and state. Faced with this new reality, the Church made new agreements and drafted new plans of action, such as the creation of the Catholic Electoral League, which by granting Church support to candidates who would defend their interests, helped elect a number of deputies who would became defenders of Catholic interests within the Constituent Assembly of 1933. In connection with this, we seek to follow the trajectory of some important Catholic agents, largely responsible for directing, coordinating, and disseminating Church projects in the first half of the 1930s. In keeping with the principles of Pope Pius XI's encyclical Ubi arcano Dei consilio, of 1922, which encouraged Catholics to leave the private realm and work to build a Christian society. In this sense, we are interested, above all, in the trajectories of Archbishop Sebastião Leme, one of the most outstanding Catholic characters of the twentieth century, leader of the Neo-Christianity project and organizer of the Catholic Electoral League; Bishop José Pereira, bishop of Niterói and director of the Vozes de Petrópolis Publishing House, was responsible for the publication of important Catholic books, which served the Boa Imprensa and, finally, Father José Cabral, editor-in-chief of the newspaper A Cruz, organ of the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro and the Catholic Confederation, which, being one of the leading Catholic periodicals of the period, was responsible for giving voice to the most outstanding Catholic intellectuals, especially the laity, engaged in the construction of Catholic anti-communist discourse. Father J. Cabral also stood out as a writer linked to Catholic reactionary, publishing the works Conceitos e Factos and A Miragem Soviética, examples of this aspect of his production, as we will explain throughout the work. The newspaper A Cruz, the Proceedings of the 1933 Constituent Assembly, and the above mentioned Father J. Cabral's books constitute the principal sources of this work. Theoretically, we highlight the contributions of Pierre Bourdieu, Edward Shils and Renato Amado Peixoto, writers who base the discussions regarding the Church's spatial performance and the relations between the political and religious fields.

This work aimed to reconstruct the trajectory of José Augusto Bezerra de Medeiros (1884-1971) in national education projects between 1915-1921. It is understood that this trajectory had three moments. At first, the character made education as his goal of life, presenting himself to the public opinion as a specialist in pedagogical subjects and as a defender of education. In the second moment, we can perceive their insertion strategies, as well as their performance in national education projects. The performance in question was marked by the tensions between his personal yearnings for the country's education and the limits imposed by other members of these projects on his claims. From these tensions, their projects were negotiated, accommodated and underwent modifications. The third moment concerns an extension of the trajectory analyzed. This is the process of building the memory of José Augusto as an educational pioneer based on certain images created during his performance in national education projects. It was analyzed how he, as well as his relatives and friends, contributed to this extension that guaranteed him the position of hero of brazilian education. The periodization proposed takes into account José Augusto's entry into the Câmara dos Deputados, a moment that, according to his words, he began to dedicate himself to the mental and moral construction of the nation (PEREIRA, 1982; p-243) and his participation in the Conferência Interestadual de Ensino Primário (1921), the last national education project that he attended. In general terms, the documentary corpus mobilized in this research is composed of the production of the character - speeches and parliamentary projects - periodicals, books, association programs, institutional minutes and government reports. From a theoretical and methodological point of view, the work is mainly based on the concepts of network of functions (ELIAS, 1994), framing of memory and underground memory (POLLACK, 1989) and the notion of culture (GINZBURG, 2006).

The present study aims to investigate the contribution of Rio Grande do Norte’s History as an academic subject in Rio Grande do Norte’s schools during the First Brazilian Republic, with the intention of identifying the transformations e continuities on the matter during this brief republican experience. The purpose is to understand how the subject had been approached on schools in the formative process of the new citizens in the context of the republican ideology. In this sense, this work aims to identify the main topics, the created educational material and how teachers, as well primary and secondary students, received this theme. Therefore, the sources for this research are the program’s content and topics, the Provincial Presidents’ speeches, and the reports made by the directors of state’s department of education. The study uses the idea of school culture, curriculum and school subject as Dominique Julia, Ivor Goodson and André Chervel proposed, respectively, for its theoretical basis. These conceptions will be operationalized aiming to understand the logic behind the continuity of the referred subject on school’s program during that period. About the method, this work will be divided in three chapters. In the first chapter I’ll write about when the politicians recognized the importance about teach the local history; In the second chapter I will deal with what images were transmitted about the state; Finally, I will deal with how this school subject should be taught in the perspectives of the social actors involved

This work aims to analyze the biography and narratives of Bartolomé de Las Casas, concentrating on perceiving aspects of the formulation of his discourse, its structure and how its propagation has the result of producing an image about the New World in the 16th century. The argument to be defended is based, fundamentally, on the analysis of the source: Brevísima relación de la destruición de las Indias. In this section, we analyze the representation of otherness, the mechanisms of writing about the Other, and the propagation of these discourses in the period. Las Casas, in its text, presents a process of decoding, systematic deviation and translation mechanism for Europe to understand the representation on the West Indies. In this regard, it became possible to produce a study analyzing the New World constitution narrated by the dominican from the reflections of his eurocentric vision on the given territory. Being this a vision produced from the real, the contact provided by the Spanish colonization produced a "cover-up" of the Other, because, Las Casas produces in its writings a differentiated space when characterizing the discovery by Colombo with essentially european characteristics. 

RESUME Cette dissertation a pour objectif d'analyser les représentations de Cléopâtre et de l'Egypte forgées par Plutarque dans l'œuvre Vie d’Antoine. Dans la biographie du général romain, Plutarque enregistre sa vision de la reine d'Égypte et de l'Orient. Parlant d'un lieu idéologiquement marqué, du point de vue d'un citoyen d'une polis grecque (Chéronée) qui vivait sous l'autorité romaine, Plutarque ré-configure les faits, les données, enfin, l'histoire elle-même, avec une écriture biographique, documentaire et historique et, en même temps, stratégiquement, dramatique, théâtral, émotionnel et moralisant. Cette recherche a pour but de montrer que Plutarque, lorsqu’il compose l’image identitaire de Cléopâtre et la représentation de l’Égypte, le fait dans une perspective impérialiste et orientaliste, conformément à la conception romaine des faits ré-traités. Les principales catégories d'analyse utilisées dans la réalisation de cette dissertation sont l'impérialisme, l'orientalisme, la romanisation et la représentation / identité. L'instrument théorique, ainsi que les auteurs et les textes sélectionnés, offrent les bases épistémologiques nécessaires pour soutenir les procédures analytiques et permettent de développer des points de vue sur le corpus choisi. La méthodologie utilisée dans l'analyse est basée sur la forme traditionnelle du travail de l'historien, à savoir la critique interne et externe des sources, associée à l'analyse du contenu. Nous voyons que Plutarque, à partir de dichotomies d’opposition stéréotypées soutenues par des idéologies moralistes et moralisatrices, soumet la reine d’Egypte et d’Orient à la supériorité supposée fondée sur une hiérarchie culturelle et morale, en accord avec la propagande romaine. 

This study had as objective to analyze the profile and a trajectory of the captains-major of Rio Grande and Ceará between the years of 1656 and 1755, as well those who tried to occupy this position, but did not succeed. The temporal cut is explained by the need to compare two captaincies in different political statutes throughout the period, with Ceará being a captaincy annexed to Pernambuco since 1656, while Rio Grande only acquired such status in 1701 acquired such status. Therefore, it was intended to compare the profile and a trajectory of the rulers of the captaincies when one was annex and another not and, then, when both are annexes. Based on this comparative study, it was possible to better understand the distribution of the royal agents according to a hierarchical spatial logic adopted by the Portuguese Crown.

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This work aims to produce a study of criminality from the bodies and spaces in the municipality of Mallet, located in the Araucaria forests of the state of Paraná. We sought to concentrate this research between the years 1931 to 1950, a period when the records of crimes intensified, having the bodies as areas reached in conflicts conducted to the judiciary power. Since the end of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century the territory where Mallet-PR was developed was defined by the contact of the cabocla population with thousands of Slavic immigrants, mainly of Ukrainian and Polish ethnic backgrounds, who settled there as a result of colonization strategies of southern Brazil. The relations developed between the different inhabitants of these predominantly rural areas implied in the formation and delimitation of spaces marked by tensions, disagreements and violence that inscribed their signs in the bodies and that gained governmental visibility in the decades of 1930 and 1940. With Mallet’s criminal processes as the main documentary support and serial history as the methodological basis, we intend to investigate how criminal records gained momentum beginning in 1931; what relations the bodies established with the spaces in these occasions of conflicts; how the disagreements were linked to the temporal, ethnic and cultural singularities of the residents and the judicial and police authorities; and what were the recurring patterns, discontinuities and perceived ruptures in the crimes that hit the bodies between 1931 to 1950. Finally, having the cartography as the concept to be used in this study on the criminality, this work intends to understand the spaces related to crimes in their different flows, becoming and movements, as well as intents to place the presence of the body as a fundamental aspect and inseparable from the historiographical narrative.

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The present work has as its theme the pastoral visits in the Sertões do Norte de Baixo do Bispado of Pernambuco, from the case of the visit of the Côvo Garcia Velho do Amaral. The Sertoes of the North of Baixo are analyzed as a spatiality integrated to the bishopric of Pernambuco from the visits, as well as to analyze the circulation of the visiting priests in this Department and its influence in the visited parishes. The Pastoral Visits were an instrument of the prelates to try to establish in the parishes of Portuguese America, eighteenth century, the directives of the Council of Trent and to obtain information about the moral conduct of clerics and laity. The purpose of the views was before to intimidate, to maintain the possibility of a punishment, to punish. The visits, like the ecclesiastical justice itself, fought the sins transmuted into crime, on the argument that some sins were a cause of scandal. He was the bishop, according to the First Constitutions of the Archbishopric of Bahia, 1707, supported by the Tridentine Council, which was to visit his diocese. However, because of the territorial expanse of the bishoprics, the bishops in Portuguese America, very commonly, sent priests in their name, chosen among the most prominent clerics of the bishopric. The visit of the Canon Manuel Garcia Velho do Amaral to the parishes of the Sertões do Norte de Baixo, in the name of Bishop Francisco Xavier Aranha, occurred between 1762 and 1766. The procedure of the visitor motivated complaints to the prelate that, in response, issued a decree ordering that a summary of witnesses be prepared on the actions of Cônego Garcia do Amaral during his visit. A total of 96 witnesses were heard, from these reports it was possible to perceive the complaints that made the visit a target of a process. The testimonies contained in the summary also allowed the analysis of the faithful society of this spatiality and how the visits impacted this population.

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This work aims to analyze how the construction and operation of the Leprosário São Francisco de Assis, occurred between the years 1923 to 1941. Built in 1926 and officially inaugurated in 1929, in an area distant six kilometers from the city, this space had the purpose of isolate all lepers notified in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Leprosy, currently defined as a chronic and bacteriological disease, during the 1920’s, part of the group of endemic diseases that were viewed as a national problem and should be compulsorily notificated. The fight against leprosy, regulated by Decree No. 16,300, on December 31, 1923, was carried out through the compulsory isolation of patients in leprosarium or agricultural colonies. Following the national guideline, against the leprosy, Rio Grande do Norte built the leprosário São Francisco de Assis. Directed by Doctor Varela Santiago, this Leprosarium was built to offer patients a full life, with activities of work, leisure and proper treatment. In view of these points I asked what are the reasons for the construction of this isolation? How was this space structured physically? Who were your inmates? What are the practices developed in this space? The present work is based on the articulation of the History of Disease and the history of Space, so my objective is to investigate the changes and permanences that occurred in the concrete space, the Leprosário São Francisco de Assis, developed in the fight against leprosy. In order to respond to the proposed questions, I used as a source: newspapers from 1920 to 1950, published in different cities such as: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Recife and Maranhão; Official documents, such as Decrees, Resolutions and Message of Governors presented at the Legislative Assembly; Clinical documents present in the archive of the Leprosário São Francisco de Assis.

This dissertation has the purpose to understand the contribution of the Bolsa Família Program and the Contextualized Education. The latter uses the CAT method - Know, Analyze,Transform – as a way towards the empowerment of women from Bahia’s semiarid region in relation to the permanence and changes in social, political and organizational structures, analyzing how empowerment restructures the insertion of women and changes the public/private dichotomy in the context of rural communities on the Sisal Territory. The Bolsa Família Program, through the policy of income transfer, control and management of resources, interferes in the autonomy, self-esteem and economic independence of women in relation to their spouses, as well as through conditionalities, brings the poor population towards public services such as health and education, being that this situation interferes on the intergenerational cycle of poverty when it comes to the beneficiary families. On the other hand, the contextualized education through a political pedagogical project of empowerment and coexistence with the semiarid region stimulates the political protagonism and participatory citizenship of women. On the grounds that this work is a History of the Present Time, our research emerged of life story narratives based on the selection of a representative group of women, with questionnaire application as well as interviews were conducted with the subjects. Additionally, the present dissertation uses bibliographic survey and other secondary sources of research. The results point to the expansion of women's spaces in economic, family and educational decisions. The conclusion is that women appreciate the financial independence generated by the Bolsa Família Program and the reduction of dependence towards their partners, as well as the decision-making power for the planning capacity that Bolsa Família provided for the beneficiaries. It is important to note that women from civil society organizations which maintains some connection with MOC/CAT actions openly speak of changes in roles within their families, with virtually all of them feeling as the main providers or, when that’s not the case, as one who share responsibilities when it comes to the use of resources within the family. The research perceived a great difference between the value attributed to the rural’s education by the beneficiaries who were students themselves of CAT school and with an active role in the Civil society when compared to the group women in which only had children enrolled in CAT school. Women who were CAT students and worked in civil society organizations believed that Contextualized Education has had a transformative role in their lives, meanwhile the group of women who had children enrolled, were even sometimes unaware of the CAT terminology. Therefore the economic empowerment of these women through the control of family resources by facilitating decision-making when connected to the development and participation through Contextualized Education, have contributed to the empowerment and inclusion of women in the public spaces of society.

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This dissertation aims to analyze how the cultural memory of the perception of paradise and indigenous people were updated in the national cinematographic production throughout the Civil-Military Dictatorship (1964-1985), specifically in the film Como é gostoso meu francês by Nelson Pereira dos Santos. It is assumed that Paradise is a spatial conception historically constructed that, united with its main inhabitant (Native American) composes a spatial cut of the edenic landscape. The hypothesis is that Nelson Pereira dos Santos' film installed possibilities of allegorical readings through the use of this edenic landscape. The research relates the visual studies and the historical analysis, focusing in the identification of the visual and discursive matrices with which the film dialogues. However, for this it will be used the narrative-iconological methodology, based simultaneously on the narratology of David Bordwell (2013) and iconology of W.J.T. Mitchell (2000). For the former the narrative is fundamental for the understanding of the film’s object. As for the latter, the critical iconology of Mitchell (2000) allows access to the iconological elements and to the visibility regimes historically constituted. That said, the present dissertation will analyze the representations of the edenic landscape that lie in cultural and visual memory, which are present in the composition of the cinematographic image in a way that helps the understanding the manner the film perceives and constructs a certain image of Brazil.

This study analyzes the many aspects of the first cinematographic representation of the Seridó and its relation to the political culture of brazilian cinema. From the end of 1978 to the beginning of 1979, the feature film Boi de Prata was filmed in Caicó - Rio Grande do Norte, and was one of the first movies produced through the decentralization policy of the newly created state movie company Embrafilme. By producing the film both about and in the Seridó, where he was born, the director Carlos Augusto Ribeiro Jr created an imagetic narrative about the Seridó’s Sertão and Brazil as Third World territories, providing an alternative to the dispute between the conservative and the progressive-marxist notions of the decentralised spatial production. We’ll show that the director acted according to the Brazilian cinema tradition, which is to contribute to the regional and national identity, by using topics of the popular culture such as religion, legends, music, dance and oral literature.

The Book of the Dead is one of the most known documents of Ancient Egypt. It is a kind of guide, which the deceased used in their search for eternity. It reveals some Egyptian ideas concerning the post-mortem destination, presenting the world of the dead as a place where the Egyptians should essentially practice what they did in life. We identified the presence of two recurring motifs in the Book: the need to move and the need to eat after death. Through these, the dead could recover from the chaos represented by the finiteness of the physical body. In this study, we propose to classify and analyze these two recurring motifs in the chapters of Ani’s Book of the Dead, which dates from the New Kingdom. Based on that, we conceived that the world of the dead was an extension of the world of the living, and the Book of the Dead was a real cartography of the beyond.

Ramesses III (1187 – 1157 BC), the second pharaoh of the XX Egyptian dynasty, reigned during the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, in the context of a delicate political and social climate, with invasion attempts by foreigners, workers’ strikes and an attempted regicide in the midst of a coup d’etat. Despite the adversities, this Pharaoh was the responsible for the construction of a sumptuous royal cult complex at Medinet Habu, the last large monumental structure erected in the New Kingdom. In this sacred space, one of the best preserved examples of templar axial structure of the time, gathers much of the Egyptian cultural heritage of the period, its artistics and architectural patterns, sculptural models, their myths, anxieties and rituals, its beliefs in the afterlife and the roles of the Pharaoh as the main mediator between the divine and the human spheres. Considering this, based on the cultural memory concept, this work aims to realize an analysis of the memorial temple of Ramesses III, through its iconographies and its inscriptions, searching to demonstrate how this may have been used to perpetuate a long-term memory of Egyptian society and its values, highlighting the different types of resources and strategies that have been adopted in this space to the consolidation of this remembrance project and of the self-image of Ramesses III at the time.

This study aims to reflect on the identity constructions about Seridó as portrayed in works of Potiguar artists Iran Dantas, Assis Marinho and Assis Costa (1960-2010). The works will be analyzed from vision applied in Social History of Art, which is a relationship between the artist, the work and society, based on the methodological theoretical assumptions of Michael Baxandall, T. J. Clark, Enrico Castelnuovo and Jorge Coli. In addition to referring to Stuart Hall, Albuquerque Junior and Muirakytan K. Macêdo in the discussion of cultural and regional identity. We aim to question the representative icons in this space marked by a historical construction characterized by the multiple dimensions of human experience and daily life pervaded of a collective imagination, creating a sense of belonging to the place, establishing a spatial identity. In this perspective, the aim is to develop an outline that can contextualize the art produced in the interior of Rio Grande do Norte. Starting out with the artists Newton Navarro and Dorian Gray Caldas, we discuss a reflection on their works provided, which constitute an iconography built to identify the state, solidifying some sense of identity, particularly towards the city of Natal. Thus, the iconography of these two painters provides a pictorial reference repository to Seridoense artists such as Iran Dantas, Assis Marinho and Assis Costa, who produce a set of images creating a way to see this regional space. In practical terms, the study proposes sew the threads of these artists’ pictorial fabric, full of historicity, seeing art as a human and historical production, pervades with an imagetic-discursive construction. One can say that the sense of Seridó identity is built on a regionalist discourse and reaffirmed in the pictorial production of the artists who have their aesthetic and cultural singularities. In addition, we emphasize the understanding of individual and creative universe for each of them in developing their art.

This  study  has  as  purpose  analyzing  the  construction  and  use  of  representations  related  to 

Haiti  and  United  Nations  Stabilization  Mission  in  Haiti  (MINUSTAH)  troops,  during  the 

polítical crisis, between 2004 and 2014. Versions of how the United Nations (UN) Security 

Council  (SC)  sees  the  conjuncture,  and  inside  it,  the  Brazilian  position  about  Haiti,  were 

analyzed  through  the  SC  meetings,  as  well  as  versions  built  by  the  Haitian  press.  It  was 

enquired how happened the view exchange between these two distinct actors and how their 

produced images interacted, sometimes getting  close, distant or even in  conflict. To do so, 

different historical sources were used in the analyzes.  Regarding the UN Security Council, 

were subject of study, the UNSC meetings and resolutions adopted, as well as the reports of 

the Secretary-General on the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. As regards to the 

Haitian press, two periodicals were subject of analysis: the Haïti Libertè and Le Nouvelliste. 

In  the  occasions  which  the  Brazilian  position  was  subject  of  analysis,  further  the  UN 

documents,  Republic  Presidents  speeches  and  Foreign  affairs  representative  speeches  were 

also used.

The theme of the present work is the construction of a Brazilian territory in the South Atlantic. When we observe the national territory building process, based on the analysis of the constitution of the maritime borders of the Brazilian state, our central problem concerns to the understanding of how this National State operationalized the full exploration of a new territory, in the 1970s, with the extension of the Brazilian Territorial Sea to 200 nautical miles. Thus, in the first chapter, we will turn to the administrative changes of the Brazilian state and the formation of a state techno structure in order to provide the state organization of a new technical and administrative logic, to give support to the new maritime boundaries. Therefore, the intervention of the State in researches about the sea and advertisement about the new limits, was one of the supporting pillars of the mentioned project. In the next chapter we will take a brief study about the proposals of a support group for the extension project of the Territorial Sea of 200 miles, operationalized by the Navy of Brazil. In the last chapter, we will discuss about the fragility of the Brazilian government to support the Territorial Sea of 200 miles, against the imposition of fishery agreements made by countries that did not recognize the new maritime boundaries of Brazil.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the devotion that is featured in Dr. Carlindo figure de Souza Dantas to be killed on October 28, 1967 in front of the Caico Sports Club was raised to the level of miracle worker Cemetery. The investigation of this research was based on ritualistic practices made by faith communities around the Carlindo grave, which is located in Campos Jorge Cemetery. Fact that symbolically enhances the tomb in place of devotion, search for miracles. From the cultural history surrounding the traditions, myths and customs of a people we analyze the formation of the Seridó imaginary, which transformed the medical Carlindo the most sought miracle of Seridó Potiguar region. We will work with religious settings, holiness, death and remembrance for understanding an "alternative sacred." This is when we examine the aspects favorable to the emergence of miracle workers. The space, beliefs and social context is fundamental to understand the religious behavior of caicoenses. Just then, it was through the individual and collective memories, the images that we see a devotion in which the devotee maintains a direct connection with the miracle worker Carlindo Dantas.

ABSTRACT

In this work, we analyze the historical construction of a well-established image in the Brazilian imaginary: Pasárgada. Believing that images are made of the various investments of desire which incide upon them, that they are elaborated and reelaborated in the course of time, we aim to expose here the birth and the successive reformulations of Pasárgada in the work of Manuel Bandeira. Hence, we divided our investigation in four chapters: firstly, we approach the social decline of Manuel Bandeira’s family, marked by the transition of an idealized patriarchal regime and a new era of bourgeois and urban social relations in Brazil. In a second moment, we examine Bandeira’s first works, A Cinza das Horas and Carnaval, composed after the poet became ill in 1904, to expose some of the creative procedures that would persist in his later work, also being used in the creation of the poem “Vou-me Embora Pra Pasárgada”. In the third chapter, we investigate the development of new creative procedures and resources by Manuel Bandeira during the Brazilian “roaring 1920s”, acquired in the contact with three different artistic fronts: the bohemian scene, in Rio de Janeiro; the Brazilian modernist movement, in São Paulo; and the traditionalist regionalism, led by Gilberto Freyre in Recife, which provided Bandeira with the ideas and the poetical resources he would employ in the creation of the poetical space called “Pasárgada”. Lastly, in the fourth chapter, we discuss the “biographical” sense that Bandeira and other authors would associate to this poetical space after the publication of Libertinagem, in 1930, starting a series of biographical and autobiographical texts that culminate in the publishing of  Manuel Bandeira’s autobiography, Itinerário de Pasárgada, in 1954.

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ABSTRACT

In the beginning of the 21^st century, in Rio Grande do Norte, many communities have declared themselves as indigenous and started to charge the warranty of their rights as citizens towards Brazilian State. According to IBGE/RN, the number of indigenous people in the State is equal 2.597. Therefore, the studies of that phenomenon (the indigenous rise) has been limited to the anthropologic analysis area, remaining absent of historiography analysis. We can infer such absence, until certain point, it’s due to the studies developed by local intellectuals during the 20^th and first years of 21^st century. We analyzed some works dedicated to Rio Grande do Norte’s History in order to understand how it was built what we can call “indian missing thesis” in the state. Thus, we analyzed historically the rising process, the construction of identities and the traditions of Potiguara do Catu (Goianinha/Canguaretama – RN). Finally, we examined the construction of space by those subjects (from an effective cartography) considering a set of material and mystic possibilities that are part of this indigenous identity affirmation process.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work is to build a historical biography of North Rio Grande José Leão Ferreira Souto (1850 - 1904) and from there analyze the gestation of a potiguar identity in the transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century. It is intended, first, to understand how social and political relations were woven that allowed Jose Leon to adjectivize an identity to a specific people, linked to a space, Rio Grande do Norte; and, second, to realize as a concrete subject, who lived the transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century, left his small province and approached thoughts and ideologies that come from Europe and emerging still in a limited way in Brazil. Throughout the text will be sought to demonstrate that this potiguar identity was gestated in Rio de Janeiro and was directly linked to movements of thinkers who lived through the transition from Empire to Republic. For the execution of the work was done a mapping of biographical studies in Brazil, highlighting the works of Adriana Souza and Benito Bisso. From a theoretical point of view the work is anchored in contemporary biographical studies, among which stand out Sabina Loriga and François Dosse. Research sources are organized from materials dispersed in various cities and had not yet been systematized, composed of three types of documents, namely the written production of José Leão Ferreira Souto; productions written by other authors that make references to it; and finally the productions written by others without even making references to José Leão bring explanatory material about the time he lived and on the ideas produced. This study presents three basic conclusions: the biography of a concrete subject shows that European ideas that arrived in Brazil in the nineteenth century were not simply imported because there were elements of internal disputes favoring continuous adjustments to the original assumptions; the building of a potiguar identity was gestated in Rio de Janeiro from positivist principles; Existed in the early years of the Republic, groups (silenced by memory) that made opposition to the oligarchies, surpassing the interpretation that the local oligarchies had “superpowers”.

ABSTRACT It appears at beginning of XXI century, in Sector II UFRN, an anti-prohibitionist collective organizing as marijuana marches (since 2010) and cycles of debate in Academic Scope. This work seeks understand anti-prohibitionist movement historicitys in Rio Grande do Norte that is, from 2010, deep on History of the collective Antiprohibitionist Students and Other II Sector goers UFRN Cannabisativa and their connections, processes, productions, concepts, images and memories, that constituent as spatiality and how temporalities multicultural contemporary. The issue of drugs and one of the central themes of our social reality times. Problematize the knowledge about the "drug" is the objective of this research, raising social importance of questioning, linked procedures to history and oral critical analysis documental. Get ahead here some examples that are associated with discussion of "drugs" as the inequalities social thematic, the criminalization of the poor and black, the ineffective public policies, inefficient laws. This dissertation discusses about erasing culture and history (cannabis) that resurfaces on the XXI century in bodies resistance and on the materials practices and society imagery, by prohibited uses, by legalization discussion, by for the images and meanings attributed to the anti-prohibitionists fights in the last year.

Quais os usos e funções do ensino de História na vida dos sujeitos? A partir disso, como os
currículos escolares estão sendo pensados? Quais os elementos simbólicos e disputas que
estão envolvidas nesse processo? Partindo desses questionamentos, a presente pesquisa busca
problematizar os usos e funções do ensino de História em relação à construção ou definição
de uma identidade norte-rio-grandense. Para tanto, utilizaremos a disciplina “Cultura do RN”
percebendo-a enquanto uma política de estado que objetiva levar ao conhecimento dos
agentes escolares expressões culturais que estão ligadas a uma identidade potiguar. Desse
modo, investigaremos as narrativas que foram selecionadas, organizadas e produzidas diante
do processo de institucionalização da disciplina no ano de 2007 e que modificou a Estrutura
Curricular do Ensino Fundamental das escolas públicas estaduais do Rio Grande do Norte.

Esta pesquisa tem como finalidade discutir as transformações ocorridas no processo de formação territorial de Angicos/RN, desde sua ocupação colonial registrada na segunda metade do século XVII, até a criação da Vila, na primeira metade do século XIX.Em seu texto, enfocam-se especialmente as relações existentes entre a produção dos espaços e a disputa pelo poder político. Para entender essas relações, foram utilizadas as seguintes fontes: Jornal A República, Relatório dos Presidentes de Província, Decreto Provincial que cria a Vila dos Angicos e a Paróquia de São José, Código de Posturas da Câmara de Angicos, documentos do acervo do Projeto Resgate de Documentação Histórica Barão do Rio Branco e cartas de sesmarias, encontradas na Plataforma SILB (Sesmarias do Império Luso Brasileiro). Como metodologia, elaborou-se a compreensão da questão espacial associada ao contexto social e político colonial/imperial, através da análise das fontes documentais e bibliográficas, de forma a problematizar a formação territorial angicana à luz do conjunto historiográfico sobre o tema desenvolvido. Nas considerações apresentadas, foram tomados como base os conceitos de território, de Milton Santos;espaço, de Henri Lefevre e de lugar, de Cláudia Damasceno.

As crônicas jesuíticas foram, por muito tempo, uma das principais fontes históricas sobre o período colonial. No entanto, a organização e a regra da Companhia de Jesus influenciaram na descrição que os seus membros fizeram do Novo Mundo. As visões e conceitos da Companhia foram transportados da Europa, adaptados ao ambiente colonial e, por vezes, modificados pelo contato que tiveram com os nativos, o que se refletiu em suas representações sobre o Novo Mundo e os nativos. Parte dos escritos jesuíticos foi dedicada às representações do Novo Mundo, que foi visto de início como Paraíso, depois como Inferno, Purgatório e, por fim, como Terra. As figuras femininas também receberam representações diferentes, que acompanharam as do Novo Mundo, pois os seus costumes influenciaram o modo como eram vistas e representadas nas epistolas jesuíticas, como também nos sermões do Pe. Antônio Vieira. Assim, as mulheres tupi ora foram representadas a partir da ideia de Eva, ora como demônios e ora como seguidoras de um ideal mariano. Mas essas mulheres também foram vistas como mulheres humanas e com uma forte influência sobre a sociedade colonial, assim, enquanto mulher terrena, a mulher tupi foi utilizada como instrumento de alianças e seu trabalho aproveitado pela Ordem jesuíta. Portanto, o objetivo da minha pesquisa foi compreender a organização e a regra que regiam a Companhia de Jesus, para então examinar o mundo colonial a partir das correspondências dos jesuítas e, assim, analisar as representações feitas por eles do Novo Mundo e da mulher Tupi entre os séculos XVI e XVII e como esse olhar se refletiu na proposta jesuítica para a colonização. Assim, quando os jesuítas utilizaram a mulher tupi na formulação de alianças, quando organizaram o tempo e o espaço para terem essas mulheres como ajudadoras na pregação do “evangelho”, eles trabalhavam para obterem o principal objetivo da Ordem: a “salvação das almas perdidas”. Em nossa pesquisa utilizamos Roger Chartier para compreendermos o conceito de representação que usamos para definir o olhar dos jesuítas sobre o Novo Mundo e as mulheres tupi; como também Laura de Souza e Mello para compreendermos o olhar demonizador europeu sobre os nativos.

O estudo problematiza, por um lado, a produção do jornal Tribuna do Norte como um elemento de intervenção na esfera pública do Rio Grande do Norte; por outro lado, a publicidade do crime em suas mudanças históricas. A discussão teórica reuniu Habermas (2003) e Thompson (2013), entre outros, os quais lançam ideias sobre a relação da imprensa com o espaço público. O recorte compreende de 1950, ano de fundação do periódico, a 1970, quando do início da vigência do AI-5. Esse período assinalou a consolidação do referido veículo de comunicação no contexto do populismo de Aluízio Alves, bem como sua articulação com as mudanças políticas antes e depois do golpe militar de 1964. A publicidade do crime é buscada como uma construção histórica, envolvendo procedimentos jornalísticos, sujeitos e espaços. A publicidade compreende questões comerciais e políticas quando determinados acontecimentos são transformados em um evento público. Nesse sentido, o foco desta pesquisa é a publicidade em sua dimensão política. A questão principal é analisar de que maneira o jornal se consolidou e publicou o crime pelas palavras impressas. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de um estudo empírico, de ordem documental e de base qualitativa, com abordagem descritiva e interpretativista, conforme Luca (2008). O corpus de análise foi composto de notas, manchetes, notícias, reportagens, propagandas comerciais, textos imagéticos, entre outros gêneros. Os capítulos reúnem o estudo sobre as construções e transformações do jornalismo populista; a publicidade do crime em tempos democráticos; além de o golpe militar de 1964 e as transformações da publicidade do crime. Os resultados da análise revelam que a Tribuna do Norte, embora tenha adotado modelos mais liberais da imprensa norte-americana, permaneceu, durante esse recorte, contemporizando com padrões conservadores e autoritários dos velhos impressos potiguares. Quanto à prática política, apesar dos interesses mercadológicos diversos, foi elemento importante na trajetória desse jornalismo ambíguo, inclusive influenciando, de maneira significativa, as confecções da notícia de crime. 

Do final do século XIX as primeiras três décadas do século XX, o Sertão do médio Pajeú pernambucano e principalmente o município de Serra Talhada (Vila Bela), se transformaram em palco de uma guerra quase que secular entre as famílias Pereira e Carvalho. A ostentação de sangues e brasões em Vila Bela, acabou por contribuir para um processo de espacialização das relações de poder entre uma liderança rural, no caso dos Pereiras, e uma liderança urbana, os Carvalhos. Campo e Cidade se configuraram como territórios de conquista e manutenção de poder. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os conceitos teórico-metodológicos de poder e espacialização, além de território como categoria espacial fundamental para compreender o conflito entre as Famílias Pereira e Carvalho no município de Vila Bela, atual Serra Talhada, como um episódio histórico de espacialização das relações de poder no Brasil do início do século XX.

O Manguebeat foi um movimento cultural de caráter urbano que teve como uma de suas principais expressões a música, marcada pela hibridação de estilos da música pop com a tradição da música local. Em uma cidade central nas discussões em torno da regionalidade nordestina, tais artistas propuseram um deslizamento das formas tradicionais de lidar com arte, questionando as regras do cânone do folclore e da relação entre erudito e popular. Por consequência, outro limite foi posto em causa, a saber, as fronteiras da própria região. Em uma espécie de cosmopolitismo localizado, os mangueboys, como se chamavam os adeptos do movimento, propuseram um conceito que tinha como emblema uma parabólica fincada na lama. Desse modo, do repertório de experiências locais, ampliava-se o olhar para o transnacional, distanciando-se da recusa em “contaminar” a tradição local por elementos exógenos (como colocava, por exemplo, o Movimento Armorial, idealizado por Ariano Suassuna). Paralelamente, ao passo que se rejeitava uma forma engessada de pensar a localidade, a memória tradicional da região, ligada a um passado colonial ibérico, também era posta em xeque. No vácuo dessas representações, recorria-se a imagem do manguezal como a expiração de uma nova identidade para a cidade. Deste modo, Recife era vista como um produto do mangue e de seus rios e deveria, num momento de suposta inanição cultural, recolher dali a inspiração para a necessária renovação. Na análise do movimento, a questão central, que transpassa nosso trabalho, diz respeito ao diálogo dele com as representações espaciais locais de Recife, o que se evidencia no diálogo travado entre o Manguebeat e o Armorial (representante do regionalismo no momento estudado), e se desenvolve em sua relação com o espaço físico da cidade e com o mercado fonográfico brasileiro e internacional, algo que encontramos em matérias de jornais, revistas especializadas, entrevistas dos músicos e nas produções artísticas propriamente ditas. Dentre os aspectos destacados nessa nova forma de representar-se estão a biodiversidade daquele ecossistema (que em termos de cultura se expressa na predileção por diversidade) e a relação orgânica entre o homem e aquele meio, recorrendo a imagem feita pelo romancista Josué de Castro do mangue como produto e produtor do seu habitante. Assim, compreendemos o Manguebeat enquanto um movimento de revisão da identidade tendo por ponto de partida aspectos da contemporaneidade que apontam para uma revisitação dos conteúdos locais a partir de elementos globais, tendo por resultado um produto híbrido.

Nesse trabalho, investigamos a construção simbólica de uma dada espacialidade, partindo do pressuposto teórico de que os espaços são construções subjetivas que se dão no interior de diferentes culturas, articulando sentimentos e racionalidades, mas, sobretudo, os espaços são construções humanas conduzidas pelas relações sociais, fruto do investimento material e simbólico que traduz as necessidades de uma determinada sociedade em um dado momento do devir histórico. Nesse sentido, analisaremos a construção simbólica e imagética da região central de Portugal, o Alentejo, a partir da produção literária (1916 – 1930) da poeta portuguesa Florbela D’Alma Conceição Espanca. Propomos analisar a obra florbeliana não só a partir de suas relações internas, mas também externas, enfatizando a ligação entre história, espaço e literatura. Dessa forma, propomos indagar acerca da dimensão simbólica – dos significados, das imagens e das representações – que incitou uma das mais controversas poetas portuguesa do início do século XX à se debruçar na construção poética do espaço alentejano, questionando não só os sentidos agenciados pelo discurso literário de Florbela Espanca para inventar o seu Alentejo, adornado pela memória, pela dor e pela saudade, mas investigar como o meio sociocultural em que viveu influenciou na sua obra, na sua vida e nas formas de sentir e viver o Alentejo. Para melhor compreendermos como a poeta significou a espacialidade alentejana, ao longo desse trabalho problematizaremos três categorias de espaço na obra de Florbela Espanca: a região, o campo e a paisagem. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa se insere no campo da história cultural na medida em que vamos trabalhar com toda a produção literária de Florbela Espanca, cartas, diários, fotos e biográficas e críticas literárias, delimitando um recorte temporal de 1916 – início da atividade intelectual de Florbela Espanca – à 1930 – publicação de Charneca em Flor(póstumo) e o suicídio da poeta. Portanto, num constante exercício simbólico das palavras atravessado pelos sentimentos mais subjetivos do sujeito, a todo o momento nosso trabalho será guiado pelo questionamento do que seria o Alentejo para a poeta, que sentidos e significados atravessou essa espacialidade que marcou tão soberanamente as memórias mais felizes e tristes da vida de Florbela Espanca.

O intuito deste trabalho foi analisar o processo de cristianização espacial nos diferentes espaços da Freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Apresentação, no período compreendido entre 1681 e 1714. Para isso, o principal fundo documental pesquisado foi o livro de registro de batismo da freguesia em questão, sendo o recorte da pesquisa pautado pelos dados encontrados. Assim, os espaços da freguesia foram pensados com base em dois conceitos fundamentais, o de cristianização dos espaços (e das almas), baseado obra de Cláudia Damasceno, que trabalhou com a noção de circunscrição eclesiástica, mas reelaborado para o caso da Freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Apresentação, e o conceito de experimentação espacial, de Yi-Fu Tuan. Cristianizar os espaços representa o processo de transformação da lógica espacial, encontrada previamente pelos portugueses, por meio da inserção da lógica eclesiástica, fosse pela construção de prédios, fosse pela iniciação das pessoas ao catolicismo. A experimentação, por sua vez, seria feita pelos moradores das localidades estudadas, bem como pelos próprios religiosos, transformando esses espaços, em lugares, na medida em que conferiam novos significados aos locais. Percebeu-se, portanto, que a Freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Apresentação contava com, pelo menos, três espaços distintos, o da Cidade do Natal, o dos aldeamentos e o espaço de atuação das Missões Populares, sendo esses diversos espaços o foco deste trabalho.  

O objetivo da dissertação é analisar como em diferentes espaços de sociabilidade João Café Filho constituiu um discurso de defensor dos trabalhadores e do movimento operário. Pretende-se compreender, por um lado, como foram estabelecidas relações políticas entre diferentes categorias de trabalhadores e as “classes médias” e, por outro, como foram instituídos espaços para abrigar o encontro dessas relações. Almeja-se compreender a inserção de Café Filho nas atividades sindicais no mundo urbano. Demonstra-se especificidades da cultura política em Natal, enfatizando-se a disputa entre uma cidade regida politicamente por mentalidade rural paternalista ainda reinante e o surgimento de uma nova forma de vivenciar os conflitos urbanos que se apresentavam. Temporalmente o trabalho está delimitado entre 1921 (ano proclamado pelo próprio Café Filho como o período inicial da sua ação política) a 1937 (ano em que Café Filho rompeu com Vargas e exilou-se na Argentina). Três tipos documentais se constituíram como fontes principais para a investigação: vários jornais publicados, entre as décadas de 1920 e 1930, nas cidades de Natal, Recife, São Paulo, Porto Alegre e Rio de Janeiro; as memórias autobiográficas escritas pelo próprio Café Filho e memórias de outras pessoas que viveram no tempo dele. Os principais esteios que deram sustentação ao trabalho foram: os conceitos de sociedade e indivíduos (Norbert Elias), de culturas políticas (Serge Berstein) e de teatro da memória (Angela de Castro Gomes); a categoria espaços de sociabilidade (Michel Certeau, Maria Teresa Malatian e Jean Pierre Riox); a noção de biografia (François Dosse e Sabina Loriga).

O processo de interiorização da posse portuguesa nas Capitanias do Norte – após a expulsão dos holandeses e com o desenvolvimento das atividades ligadas à criação de gado no sertão – expandiu o território português na América. Este processo teve como consequência o avanço da conquista portuguesa na região e os conflitos envolvendo os agentes da colonização e os grupos indígenas que habitavam aquele espaço, bem como os conflitos de interesses dos principais grupos sociais da capitania e pelas políticas de defesa da posse lusa do território. Dentre os rios que cortavam o território da capitania do Rio Grande, o Açu foi um dos que despertou interesse entre os conquistadores e colonizadores dos sertões, fazendo daquela espacialidade uma área onde interesses e exercícios de poder convergiam e geravam discórdias. A presente pesquisa tem como temática a análise do processo de territorialização do sertão do Assu a partir da ação de desbravadores, conquistadores e colonizadores do espaço em questão, ao longo do evento conhecido como Guerra dos Bárbaros no Assu, conflito que garantiu a integração da área ao território e aos anseios da Coroa portuguesa. Assim, tomar-se-á como objetos de estudo os fenômenos sociais que caracterizaram a ribeira do Assu – na virada do século XVII para o XVIII, em um recorte que se estende de 1680 a 1720 – como um espaço de conflitos de interesses, perceptíveis para análise a partir de documentos de época, tais como registros de concessões de sesmarias, correspondências entre autoridades coloniais e reinóis, documentos oriundos do exercício da administração da América portuguesa e legislação. 

No ano de 1878, na província do Rio Grande do Norte, entre Ceará-Mirim e Extremoz, foi fundada a Colônia Agrícola de Sinimbú. Neste lugar chegaram a reunir-se cerca de 6.600 homens e mulheres pobres livres, fugindo da terrível seca de 1877, mas também motivados pela promessa de acesso aos gêneros de primeira necessidade, moradia e cuidados médicos, mediante trabalho, como defendiam os representantes do poder local e central. No entanto, não foi isso que os retirantes efetivamente encontraram, já que as condições dentro do estabelecimento agrícola chamavam atenção pela penúria e violência, conforme denúncia apresentada nos relatórios presidenciais daquela época. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar os conflitos ocorridos na Colônia Sinimbú, procurando enfatizar as tensões e interesses dos representantes das elites locais e do governo central, relacionados à construção e posterior fechamento desse espaço, num contexto marcado pelos debates acerca do controle do trabalhador pobre livre. Assim, procuraremos demonstrar que, se por um lado, foram criados espaços institucionalizados que visavam submeter o nacional livre a uma lógica de trabalho pautada na disciplina do corpo, no controle do tempo e no ordenamento do espaço, por outro não se pode desconsiderar as diferentes formas de resistência impostas pelos homens e mulheres pobres livres, submetidos ao processo de reordenamento do mundo do trabalho.

 Investigamos neste trabalho a construção simbólica de uma determinada espacialidade. Partimos do pressuposto teórico que os mais diferentes espaços são construções sociais, fruto de investimentos materiais e simbólicos, realizados em dados momentos e por determinados fatores. Nesse sentido, examinamos a fabricação simbólica do engenho açucareiro a partir de algumas produções literárias do romancista paraibano José Lins do Rego. Almejamos inquirir acerca da dimensão simbólica – significados, valores e imagens – mobilizada por esse literato para constituir a propriedade canavieira. Concedendo uma atenção especial às obras do chamado “ciclo da cana de açúcar”, questionamos-nos sobre os sentidos e significados agenciados pelo discurso literário de José Lins para ficcionar o engenho, forjando essa espacialidade de uma dada maneira. Situando-nos no campo da história cultural, trabalhamos com uma variedade de fontes: romances literários, prefácios de livros, escritos memorialísticos e jornalísticos, cartas trocadas entres intelectuais e livros de história. Nosso recorte temporal vai de 1919 – início da atividade intelectual de José Lins - a 1943 – publicação de Fogo Morto, último romance por nós analisado. Em termos simbólicos, o que seria o engenho, essa espacialidade que marcou soberanamente a vida e a obra literária de José Lins do Rego? Foi o questionamento estrutural que moveu a corrente pesquisa.

Este trabalho objetivou analisar as formas de apropriação e uso do solo urbano de Cidade Nova, terceiro bairro oficial de Natal (Rio Grande do Norte), entre 1901 e 1929. Nesse período, os poderes municipal e estadual iniciaram uma remodelação urbana, tentando transformar a cidade, representá-la como nova, modernizada, capaz de acompanhar o progresso e a nova condição política da capital de um estado republicano.  Observa-se em Cidade Nova a construção de um novo território material e simbólico: a área, que outrora era ocupada por casebres construídos pelos retirantes da seca e algumas casas de veraneio, foi, a partir de 1901, transformada, esquadrinhada por meio de um plano urbanístico. Em Natal, várias resoluções municipais publicadas entre 1901-1929 demonstraram os anseios do grupo dirigente em construir em Cidade Nova um bairro aprazível, modernizado em suas estruturas, que refletisse a nova condição política da capital de um estado republicano. As análises dos editais, das matérias publicadas no jornal A Republica e Diário do Natal e, principalmente, o estudo das cartas de aforamento, demonstraram como muitas leis foram ressignificadas ou descumpridas, destacando as continuidades existentes. Assim, ao longo do trabalho pretende-se analisar como esse território foi ocupado e utilizado pelos seus habitantes, como a concessão de terrenos em aforamento pode exemplificar essa prática e descumprimento das leis e como esse território foi utilizado para consolidar relações de influência e poder. Afinal, os valores conferidos a um espaço, transformando-o em território, resultam da dimensão social desse espaço, ou seja, das categorias sociais que o utilizam. Não se pode, portanto, analisar as formas de apropriação e uso do solo urbano no terceiro bairro de Natal sem estudar os indivíduos que se apropriaram e usaram esse território. O estudo do processo de concessão de aforamentos de terras localizadas nesse bairro demonstrou a formação de um tipo de mercado específico, em que estavam em jogo não somente trocas econômicas, mas também e, sobretudo, trocas simbólicas, envolvendo capitais políticos e sociais. A análise desse mercado pessoal desenvolvido com as terras de Cidade Nova pode indicar as relações de poder existentes entre governo estadual, Intendência e foreiros, fornecendo um exemplo significativo desse processo de modernização da Natal do início do século XX, guiado por um grupo mais abastado e influente e caracterizado por mudanças sociais limitadas. 

A construção do espaço luso-brasileiro na América portuguesa ocorreu por meio de constantes conflitos travados entre diferentes indivíduos e instituições. No que se refere à posse de terras, tais conflitos agravavam-se dependendo dos sujeitos envolvidos e de seu contexto. Na capitania do Rio Grande, destaca-se o conflito pela posse da terra Cidade dos Veados e Olho d’Água Azul e seus envolvidos: padres da Companhia de Jesus missionários do aldeamento de Guajiru; índios da missão de Guajiru; e membros da família Carneiro da Cunha. Em 1725, o padre jesuíta da missão de Guajiru solicitou uma légua de terra no lugar chamado Cidade dos Veados para os índios de sua missão alegando que a terra que a missão possuía não era suficiente para a subsistência da mesma. Em 1727, o padre solicitou outra légua de terra no lugar Olho d’Água Azul, afirmando que a missão possuía mais de 192 casais. Ambas as terras foram devidamente requeridas para a missão de Guajiru. Em 1760, entretanto, com as mudanças impostas pelo Diretório dos Índios, o ouvidor responsável pela averiguação das posses indígenas percebeu que os índios não ocupavam as duas terras solicitadas na década de 1720, devido ao fato de João Carneiro da Cunha ter se apossado das mesmas. Em decorrência disto, os impasses pela posse da terra são reascendidos. Deste conflito pela posse da terra Cidade dos Veados e Olho d’Água Azul, pretende-se destacar, sobretudo, as motivações e as mentalidades possessórias acerca da propriedade de cada uma das partes envolvidas. Busca-se compreender como as motivações de cada grupo envolvido possibilitou o uso de estratégias específicas e estabelecidas para tentar tomar posse das terras Cidade dos Veados e Olho d’Água Azul. 

Esta pesquisa tem como finalidade estudar as ações escravas na Comarca do Príncipe, Província do Rio Grande do Norte, (1870/1888).  Tomando o espaço como uma categoria significativa na relação servil, investiga-se como ocorreram as negociações sobre as condições do cativeiro e liberdade na jurisprudência da Comarca do Príncipe.  Os escravos são entendidos como sujeitos que lutaram por melhores condições de vida no cativeiro e para alcançarem a liberdade, por vezes recorrendo a atos considerados criminosos. Para apreender suas ações nesse meio sócio-econômico-ambiental da Comarca do Príncipe, recorreu-se a variados tipos de fontes: processos cíveis e criminais, relatórios do presidente da província do Rio Grande do Norte, o censo de 1872, jornal O Assuense, Livro do Fundo de Emancipação do Município do Príncipe (1873-1886) e Leis Imperiais. Para o tratamento e análise das fontes realizamos a catalogação, a leitura, a transcrição paleográfica, a classificação das temáticas encontradas na documentação, a análise e o cotejamento das fontes e a quantificação estatística, submentendo os dados empíricos a uma discussão construída de acordo com os atuais debates historiográficos sobre o tema.

O período conhecido como Ditadura Militar (1964-1985) representou um momento da História do Brasil marcado pelo controle do Poder do Estado pelas Forças Armadas em conjunto, este iniciado com o Golpe Civil-Militar de abril de 1964. Caracterizou-se enquanto um momento onde as liberdades políticas e de expressão foram colocadas em cheque por medidas autoritárias e repressivas tomadas pelos governos militares. A seccional do potiguar da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB/RN), assim como o Conselho Federal da instituição, apoiou o estabelecimento do referido golpe, mas a partir dos anos de 1970 empreendeu medidas que buscavam corroborar com as lutas em torno da redemocratização do país, o que contribuiu para a consolidação da sua imagem de defensora da ordem democrática. Com o título inspirado no XII Encontro da OAB de outubro de 1988, a pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a participação da OAB/RN e seus membros no âmbito da redemocratização brasileira. Esta análise se inicia no ano de 1979 com a participação da entidade nas discussões da Anistia Política até a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, uma vez que a Carta Magna representa o começo de um Estado de Direito pleno. Procuramos entender o objeto enquanto espaço de redemocratização, aliando os conceitos de História, Memória e Política. Nos norteamos teoricamente nas análises feitas por Jacques Le Goff, Pierre Nora, Maurice Halbwachs, Pierre Bourdieu e Hannah Arendt. Recostruímos o período de redemocratização em terras potiguares dando luz as ações da OAB/RN, sobretudo nos seguintes eventos: Anistia Política de 1979, nas mobilizações em torno da campanha das “Diretas Já!” e na Constituição de 1988. Fazemos uso de legislação, atas, jornais e entrevistas construídas com base na História Oral.

 Na noite do dia primeiro de abril de 1981, a cidade de Santa Cruz foi tomada por uma inundação que destruiu o sangradouro do açude Santa Cruz e de boa parte da cidade, fazendo com que a população das áreas mais baixas abandonasse suas casas. Residências e ruas mais próximas ao açude, ao rio Trairi e ao riacho do Pecado foram totalmente afetadas, sendo muitas das casas e prédios públicos completamente destruídos. Localizada no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, a cidade de Santa Cruz é marcada por um clima muito quente e semiárido. Com uma média de precipitação pluviométrica normal de 498.7 mm ao ano, a cidade é acometida pelas secas desde o início de sua fundação, por volta do ano de 1831. Para que seu desenvolvimento tivesse continuidade, foi necessário que a população efetivasse diversas intervenções no meio natural, principalmente no que diz respeito ao armazenamento e à distribuição de água. Tendo em vista o processo de ocupação do espaço em questão, bem como as relações que os grupos humanos estabelecem com o meio natural, temos como objetivo analisar de que forma as intervenções humanas afetam o ambiente ao seu redor, modificando-o de forma a atender as suas necessidades e interesses. Desse modo, pretendemos compreender de que modo a cobertura jornalística possibilitou a construção de um quadro da tragédia. Pretendemos ainda observar como a ocupação de Santa Cruz levou à modificação de seu entorno, buscando discutir os efeitos das intervenções humanas sobre os desastres naturais. Dentre as fontes de pesquisa, destacamos os jornais A República, o Diário de Natal, a Tribuna do Norte, O Poti e a Folha de São Paulo, bem como entrevistas com o então prefeito da cidade de Santa Cruz, Hildebrando Teixeira de Souza, e com o casal José Henrique de Pontes e Severina Águida de Pontes, cuja casa foi atingida pela enchente. Também analisaremos mensagens do governo do estado, atas da câmara de vereadores de Santa Cruz e relatórios produzidos pelo DNOCS sobre a construção do açude e sua vistoria após a enchente.

 Na segunda metade do século XX houve a ascensão da imagem do Quilombo dos Palmares e de seu líder Zumbi como heróis da liberdade, do povo negro e da nacionalidade brasileira. Porém, no final do século XIX a imagem do Quilombo estava longe de ser positiva, representava tudo que as elites intelectuais e políticas brasileiras não gostariam que estivesse vinculada a nacionalidade. Em quase cem anos o Quilombo dos Palmares passou de inimigo da nação ao status de herói nacional; deixou de ser um grupo de africanos que impediria o progresso da civilização brasileira, para ser a grande epopeia do negro brasileiro. A quantidade de escritos que abordavam esse tema, aumentou consideravelmente, durante o século XX, demonstrando a importância atribuída a Palmares, pelos intelectuais deste período. Dentre os estudiosos, estava o médico e antropólogo alagoano Arthur Ramos, ministrante de uma conferência em 1938, intitulada “O espírito associativo do negro”, e autor do capítulo “A República de Palmares”, publicado em 1939 no livro “The negro in Brasil”. O objetivo, por conseguinte, foi analisar o espaço imaginário, o Quilombo dos Palmares, composto por Ramos nos seus escritos, relacionando a construção desse espaço com a tradição historiográfica sobre Palmares e a “cena de produção” em que o autor estava inserido. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida entre os campos da História Cultural dos Espaços e da História da Historiografia. O Quilombo dos Palmares foi compreendido como espaço imaginativo, seguindo as colaborações de Edward Said concentrando-se nos significados simbólicos ou poéticos. Para analisar a historiografia, utilizamos a análise do discurso, fundamentada na descontrução de Jacques Derrida, na qual pensamos como um procedimento de questionamento, de decomposição e de re-organização dos discursos. Juntamente, com a operação historiográfica de Michel de Certeau, possibilitou compreender os mecanismos da escrita da história. Nos textos de Arthur Ramos, estavam concentradas as principais conclusões de uma nova perspectiva sobre Palmares. O professor Ramos, colocou-se como herdeiro de Raimundo Nina Rodrigues, dando continuidade as pesquisas sobre as populações negras no Brasil, ocasionando uma narrativa concentrada nos próprios palmarinos, não nos seus conquistadores. No entanto, distanciou-se da perspectiva racista de Rodrigues, aproximando-se da antropologia cultural norte-americana, possibilitando a produção de Palmares como resistência ao processo de aculturação imposto aos escravos. Como leitor das produções dos Institutos Pernambucano e Alagoano, principalmente de Jaime Altavilla e de Manoel Arão, conhecia uma narrativa heroica do evento, ainda que ligada a construção das identidades estaduais. Arthur Ramos ampliou esse discurso, ao produzir o Quilombo dos Palmares, como obra da qualidade e capacidade do Negro brasileiro, então o início da visão nacionalista sobre esse monumento histórico.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo diagnosticar e analisar a utilização do cinema no espaço escolar, mais precisamente, no ensino de História, a partir da perspectiva teórica do historiador alemão Jörn Rüsen e, assim, tentar observar em conjunto com os pressupostos da Didática da História, elementos como os usos públicos que são feitos da história pelo cinema. Neste sentido, a investigação das proposições de filmes encontrados nos livros didáticos de História, oferecem caminhos para compreensões acerca dos impactos causados pela narrativa cinematográfica na aprendizagem histórica, sendo essa, uma aprendizagem que ocorre, também, na vida cotidiana dos alunos, e não apenas no espaço escolar. Para tanto, foram utilizados os livros didáticos presentes no Memorial do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, aprovados nas edições dos PNLD/2005 e PNLD/2008. Para a realização desse diagnóstico utilizamos, além dos livros, os Editais de Convocação e os Guias do Livro Didático do PNLD como forma de compreendermos como se realizam as discussões e recomendações teóricas e metodológicas acerca das potencialidades da narrativa cinematográfica para as aulas de História e as possíveis aproximações destas com a teoria da história.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a vida intelectual natalense. No período de 1889 a 1930, definimos como intelectuais os indivíduos que produziram algum tipo de literatura na capital norte-rio-grandense, constituindo-se como produtores, mediadores e criadores culturais na capital potiguar. Durante as primeiras décadas da construção do regime republicano, o movimento intelectual na cidade do Natal se intensificou: os grêmios literários multiplicaram-se, as publicações de obras literárias aumentaram, a imprensa periódica, que se autointitulava de caráter literário, acompanhava o ritmo frenético das modificações na capital, os intelectuais da cidade promoviam novos eventos e buscavam novos espaços para suas reuniões. Nesse sentido, buscamos investigar a dinâmica cultural que foi constituída na capital do Rio Grande do Norte durante a Primeira República (1889-1930), realizando, assim, algumas possibilidades de leituras sobre o tema. Concedemos uma atenção especial à atuação desses intelectuais na imprensa, uma vez que a história da literatura na cidade encontra-se ligada à história do desenvolvimento da imprensa periódica potiguar. Situando nosso trabalho no campo da história intelectual, trabalhamos com uma variedade de fontes: jornais, revistas, memórias e obras literárias. Questionamos-nos sobre quem eram os homens de letras potiguares durante a Primeira República, sobre as articulações construídas por esses indivíduos entre si e com outros segmentos sociais de sua época, sobre as suas relações com a cidade, em suma, sobre o funcionamento enquanto grupo, ressaltando as regras, os laços e as disputas existentes no campo literário da cidade do Natal.