Urban Inequalities and Environmental (In)justice: Analysis of Vulnerability to Floods in Natal-RN
Socio-spatial segregation; Socio-environmental vulnerability; Urbanization; Hydrological risk
Coastal municipalities are home to more than 60% of the Brazilian population and face socio-environmental problems represented by growing disorderly urban expansion and socio-spatial segregation between privileged central areas and peripheries structured in areas of environmental risk and inhabited by socially vulnerable populations. The hypothesis of this research is that the concentration of areas susceptible to flooding in the municipality of Natal-RN in spaces occupied by socioeconomically vulnerable populations highlights an unequal distribution of environmental risks, characterizing scenarios of environmental injustice. The first chapter, referring to the qualification exam, aims to analyze the urbanization process and identify the main axes of expansion in Natal during the period from 1985 to 2022, focusing on the dynamics of land use and occupation in the areas along the Potengi River within the territorial limits of Natal. To this end, a spatial analysis of land use and land cover classification data from the MapBiomas project was carried out, with an emphasis on the urban area subclass and its relationship with historical occupation processes and important municipal urban land zoning regulations. The initial results show that rapid urbanization has led to disorderly expansion into environmentally fragile areas and occupation of areas near the Potengi River that are naturally susceptible to environmental risks such as flooding.