Body and Intentionality: An Analysis of Renaud Barbaras' Critique of Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology
Renaud Barbaras; Phenomenology; Incarnation; One’s Own Body; Critique.
In the “Phenomenology of Perception” (1945), the main work of his first theoretical phase, Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961) takes body-subject experience as his starting point to rescue the sensible world from the damage that the tradition of “philosophies of consciousness” had relegated to it. Consequently, when he admits the limitations of the phenomenological method, the philosopher redirects his phenomenological project to the ontological undertaking and repositions the centrality of his work to the notion of “flesh”. From this perspective, the Frenchman Renaud Barbaras (1955-present), in his pioneering interpretation of Merleau-Ponty's work, identifies a rupture between phenomenology and ontology, in which the concept of “flesh” established in the latter is decisive in sustaining his perspective. In this direction, the scope of Barbaras’ argument consists in observing that the theoretical centralization of incarnation in Merleau-Ponty’s theory was not able to overcome the shadow of consciousness in his phenomenological scope and he remained a reproducer of the model of the “philosophies of consciousness”. Going against this approach, and focusing on Brazilian readings of Merleau-Ponty's philosophy, our work consists of offering an analysis of Barbaras’ critique of the French phenomenologist in order to point out notable insufficiencies in it. In order to accomplish this task, it will be necessary to examine the ontological presuppositions that appear alongside the description of the “one’s own body” experience in the “Phenomenology of Perception”, since they unfold the incarnated sense from which the notion of “flesh” is structured in the author's mature ontology. Throughout this, our research will be able to verify why the “one’s own body” incarnated sense demarcates an aspect overlooked by the Barbarasian critique that is indispensable for justifying the relevance of Merleau-Ponty's thought in the present time.