Evaluation of Cytokines in the Th1, Th2, and Th17 Profile in Patients with High-Grade Intraepithelial Lesions and Cervical Cancer
Cervical Cancer, Cytokines, Immunology
The imbalance of cellular expressions mediating the immune response resulting from HPV infections in high-grade lesions and cervical carcinoma, such as the profile of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells from peripheral blood, has been extensively studied in recent research. From this, the need for a better understanding of the immune response through the in situ cytokine profile of HPV-mediated lesions has emerged. We quantified cytokines of the Th1, Th2, and Th17 profiles in cervical-vaginal scraping (CVS) samples using flow cytometry, correlating them with clinical and immunological findings. Through a cross-sectional study, CVS samples were collected at the Lower Genital Tract Pathology (LGTP) outpatient clinic from patients with High-Grade Intraepithelial Lesion (CIN 3) and Cervical Cancer (CC), while patients with no intraepithelial lesion were included as the control group. We assessed the levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in the CVS and compared the levels between the study groups and the control group. Higher cytokine levels (TNF- α, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-2) were observed in patients with CC compared to those with CIN 3 and the control group. Therefore, the persistence of lesions and the development of CC may lead to an immunological imbalance that worsens the progression of the disease.