Evaluation of Th1, Th2 and Th17 response and HLA-G checkpoint molecule in women with infertility
Infertility; IVF; HLA-G; Cytokines.
Evaluation of cytokine levels of Th1, Th2, and T17 profiles and systemic expression of the HLA-G checkpoint molecule in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this study, 69 women were included and stratified into two groups: the case group (n=39), composed of women diagnosed with infertility undergoing IVF, and the control group (n=30), consisting of women who had at least one pregnancy with a live birth. Cytokine detection was performed in Follicular Fluid (FF) and serum of the IVF group women using the Cytokine Bead Assay (CBA) kit, and HLA-G molecule was quantified in the peripheral blood of all study participants using anti-HLA-G antibody conjugated with PE (1:100, Clone MEM-G/9, GeneTex). Flow cytometry was used as the quantification technique in both tests. There was a higher amount of IL-17 (p= <0.0011), IL-10 (p= 0.0003), IL-6 (p = 0.0008), IL-4 (p= 0.0011), and IL-2 (p= 0.0007) in the serum of patients in the IVF group compared to the control group, as well as a higher amount of IL-17 (p= <0.0001), IL-10 (p= <0.0001), IL-6 (p = <0.0001), IL-4 (p= <0.0001), and IL-2 (p= 0.0006) in the FF compared to serum in the group of infertile women. There was lower expression of HLA-G in lymphocytes (p= < 0.001) and granulocytes (p= 0.008) in the IVF group compared to the control group. HLA-G+ lymphocytes showed correlation with fertilization rate (p= 0.0134). The increase in Th17 and Th2 cytokines, the decrease in HLA-G expression levels, and the correlation between HLA-G+ lymphocytes and fertilization rate during IVF indicate an important role of these molecules in immune modulation in the context of infertility.