Curricular Reorientation in Chemical Discipline via Generator Theme: a Freire-CTS Approach
Teaching of Chemistry, Science, Technology and Society, Paulo Freire, Thematic Research.
A curriculum with a thematic approach can socially and historically contextualize didactic development and concept learning and make content more meaningful to high school students through dialogue and problematization of situations that arise from their own realities. We consider that the lack of contextualization in Science Education leads to the development of a curriculum that diverges from the objectives proposed in the legal documents for Basic Education in High School in Brazil and ends up accentuating social, economic, gender, cultural, and other differences. Therefore, we believe that an approach based on themes that emerge from the reality of the students, problematizing the relations between science, technology and society, favors the contextualized learning of chemical concepts. Science Education must be directed to the formation of critical and reflexive subjects, to the preparation for the action and the social participation. For this purpose, in this dissertation, we propose to investigate how the Paulo Freire Thematic Approach and the assumptions of the field of studies Science, Technology and Society can be used for the construction of programmatic content of the discipline Chemical in the 3rd grade of regular High School, in a school in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Through a qualitative approach, in Thematic Research (TR), we used data collection, participant observation, documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. From this research, social welfare emerged as the generating theme. Based on IT and the generator theme, we developed a Didactic Sequence (DS) to teach the concept of combustion reaction, in the perspective of sustainability. Its application observed the guidelines of the Three Pedagogical Moments. For the analysis of the results of the application of the educational product, we use Discursive Textual Analysis. The students' speeches during IT refer to a concern with public transportation and situations that permeate the condition of traffic routes, which led us to address aspects of sustainability and the Natal Urban Mobility Plan. The application of the SD showed us that the didactic and dialogical didactic action anchored in the generating theme, with a CTS approach and in the perspective of sustainability, promoted a scientific and technological literacy in different levels, evidencing an awareness of the students for an active participation in local social problems.