Between iconic pasts and dystopian futures: representations of cangaço in the comic book Cangaço Overdrive (2018; 2024)
Sertão; cangaço; cyberpunk; representations; comic books.
This work has the overall objective of analyzing the representations of cangaço found in the comic books Cangaço Overdrive (2018) and Cangaço Overdrive: Além das Raízes (2024) through a semiotic analysis of the comics. We specifically aim to detail how cangaceiros have been (and are) represented in comics; to explore, through semiotics, how verbal and non-verbal signs are employed to depict the cangaço movement in Cangaço Overdrive; and to investigate the dialogue between the narrative of these two comics and the science fiction genre in which they are set: cyberpunk. This master’s thesis is relevant for offering a better understanding of historical representations of cangaço, providing distinct perspectives on the movement and its dynamics, and thereby contributing to the field of Sertões History Studies – especially regarding research involving comic books. The central method is semiotic analysis, based on Winfried Nöth and Lucia Santaella’s manual; investigating the types of signs present in both comics, their interrelationships, and the meanings they convey, all with the aim of characterizing the characters and their settings. The analysis is guided by the concepts of sertão, cangaço, representation, and cyberpunk, drawing on the theoretical work of authors such as Antonio Carlos Robert Moraes, Frederico Pernambucano de Mello, Roger Chartier, and Dani Cavallaro. Furthermore, the study includes a literature review on comics that address cangaço, and an investigation into the creation of Cangaço Overdrive, through journalistic articles, critical reviews, and an interview with the comic's writer, José Wellington Alves Grangeiro Filho. In conjunction with this latter data collection method, the research also draws upon the theoretical-methodological foundations of Oral History, based on the work of Sônia Maria de Freitas. With this master’s thesis, it was possible to highlight how the figure of the cangaceiro has been portrayed in comic books throughout history, with our chosen source revealing both continuities and reinterpretations regarding established aesthetic and narrative trends – such as the cangaceiros’ emblematic violent, anti-heroic stance, now placed within the unusual context of the distant future that is envisioned by cyberpunk.