Influence of the Light-Curing Strategy, Adhesive System Type, and Aging on the Bond Strength of a Dual-Cure Resin Cement to Dentin
Dentin-Bonding Agents; Curing Lights; Resin Cements
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of simplified light-curing protocols, adhesive system, and aging on the durability of the bond strength between resin cement and dentin. Eighty sound bovine incisors were used. The crowns were sectioned from the roots, embedded in acrylic resin, and ground to expose the buccal dentin surface. The specimens were randomly allocated into eight groups (n = 10) according to the factors “adhesive system” (Tetric N-Bond or Excite F DSC/Ivoclar), “adhesive light activation” (with or without prior light curing), and “aging” (with or without aging). After adhesive application according to the manufacturers' instructions, cylinders of Variolink Esthetic DC resin cement (2 mm in diameter × 2 mm in height) were built on the dentin surface and light-cured. The aged groups were subjected to thermocycling (10,000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C). Shear bond strength testing was then performed using a universal testing machine (Odeme Dental Research), followed by failure mode analysis under a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, three-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). Three-way ANOVA demonstrated that the factors adhesive system, light activation, and aging were statistically significant (p < .005). Tukey's test (5%) revealed that the Ex_F (20.79 ± 3.06)A and Ex_F_TC (24.78 ± 3.57)A groups exhibited the highest bond strength values between resin cement and dentin, followed by the Te_F (12.42 ± 3.78)B group. Conversely, the Te_sF (5.28 ± 2.25)C group presented the lowest bond strength values, although it was statistically similar to the remaining experimental groups. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that exclusive light activation of the adhesive system significantly positively influences the bond strength of resin cements to dentin, regardless of the adhesive polymerization mechanism. Furthermore, the type of adhesive system affects bond strength, with the dual-cure adhesive showing the most favorable bonding performance. Finally, aging influences bond strength according to the adhesive system employed, with the Excite F DSC adhesive exhibiting higher bond strength values than the Tetric N-Bond adhesive.