Apical periodontitis (AP) is a biofilm-mediated disease, therefore an antimicrobial approach is essential to cure or prevent its development. Achieving maximum reduction of intracanal microbial load is the main objective of conventional endodontic treatment, through the action of chemical-mechanical preparation (CMP). However, such therapy has its limitations and may sometimes not achieve a satisfactory standard of control and elimination of the infection and, in this sense, adjuvant therapies have been suggested. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in vivo, the effect of Lactobacillus casei and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (APDT) as an adjuvant to conventional endodontic treatment on the apical tissues of teeth of rats with experimentally induced apical periodontitis by biochemical analysis and bone loss. This is a preclinical, in vivo, randomized, early, placebo-controlled trial consisting of 30 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 5 groups of six animals, two controls and three experimental groups: 1) CN; 2) PA; 3) PA + Prob + PQM; 4) PA + PQM + TFDA; 5) PA + Prob + PQM + TFDA. PA was induced by pulp exposure in all animals. Daily, Lactobacillus casei 109 CFU was administered to the GProb and GProb+TFDA groups through gavage for 30 days, the other groups received saline solution as placebo. TFDA was performed with 0.01% methylene blue for 5 minutes of pre-irradiation, then the laser with a wavelength of 660 nm was applied for 90 seconds, totaling 9 J. After 30 days for the control groups and 60 days for the other groups, the animals were euthanized. The biochemical results showed that calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels remained within normal parameters in all groups. Regarding µCT, the axial analysis showed that the GProbTFDA group presented a significant increase in the BV/TV ratio and a decrease in the percentages of total porosity and open pores in relation to GPA (p<0.05), and the sagittal analysis revealed no significant difference between the GProbTFDA experimental groups (0.094 + 0.005) in relation to GPA (0.1164 + 0.066), (p>0.05). Therefore, as an adjuvant, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in association with probiotic therapy demonstrated more effective anti-bone loss activity when compared to the other groups against apical periodontitis.

With the increase in life expectancy, it is expected that more and more elderly people will be housebound and bedridden. In this context, the oral environment also suffers consequences, as Candida albicans and many other Candida species are part of the supplementary microbiota, when the host's immune system is compromised, these fungi can cause candidosis. Thus, knowing that timely diagnosis can prevent the progression of the infection, this study analyzed the prevalence of Candida sp. and associated factors in bedridden and homebound elderly people. A sample of 263 elderly people was evaluated, who were clinically examined and saliva samples were collected and analyzed to diagnose the presence of yeast. Data analysis was carried out based on the presence or absence of Candida sp. species, and associated factors were determined using the Chi-square test and robust Poisson regression for a confidence level of 95%. Candida sp. was present in 63.1% volunteers (95% CI 57.3-68.9), highlighting the species C. albicans in 44.5%, C. tropicalis in 19%, C. krusei in 17.5% and C glabrata in 12.5%. The variables that were associated with the presence of Candida sp. were candidosis (PR = 1,32), lack of frequent visits by the community health agent (PR = 1,13) and polypharmacy (PR = 1,14). It is concluded that the prevalence of Candida sp. in the oral environment of bedridden and homebound elderly people was high and that the excessive use of medications, lack of care on the part of the health system and the clinical manifestation of the excessive presence of the yeast Candida sp., especially Candida albicans, were decisive for the presence of this yeast in the oral environment of these people elderly.

Introduction: Violet light irradiation has been proposed to enhance the in-office bleaching effect of carbamide peroxide. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis are needed to summarize the evidence and guide clinical recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, whether in-office irradiation of carbamide peroxide with violet light can improve the effect of tooth whitening without increasing sensitivity. Methodology: The searches for studies were conducted in the databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and grey literature. Two independent and calibrated examiners (Kappa: 0.88) performed all systematic steps according to the PRISMA protocol. To assess the risk of bias, the RoB2 tool was used. GRADE was used to analyze the certainty of evidence. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software to evaluate tooth color change and tooth sensitivity to bleaching. The former was assessed by mean difference (MD) and the latter by risk difference (RD). Results: Three randomized clinical trials were included. A statistically significant difference was found for color change favoring the application of violet light combined with carbamide peroxide (MD 3.35; 95%, 0.80, 5.89), while no difference between groups was found for tooth sensitivity to bleaching (RD 0.09; 95%, -0.03, 0.21). Conclusion: Violet light irradiation enhanced the in-office bleaching effect of carbamide peroxide without increasing sensitivity. However, the results regarding bleaching sensitivity should be interpreted with caution due to the moderate certainty of the evidence.

Introduction: Fracture or fall of attachments can cause delays in orthodontic treatment, causing loss of effectiveness of planned movement and/or tracking of the aligner. Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength and degree of conversion of resins used to manufacture orthodontic attachments subjected to different photopolymerization protocols. Methodology: The study sample consisted of 120 bovine lower incisors embedded in acrylic resin and used as a base for making rectangular attachments measuring 03 mm in length, 1.5 mm in width and 1 mm in height. The sample was divided equally into 03 groups corresponding to the resins Opallis Flow^®️, GrandioSO Heavy Flow^®️ and Supreme Flowable Restorative^®️. These groups were subdivided into 04 groups (n=10) according to the polymerization time: 03 seconds (3.200 mW/cm2), 06 seconds (3.200 mW/cm2), 20 seconds (1.000 mW/cm2) and 40 seconds (1.000 mW/cm2). After installing the attachments, the specimens were subjected to shear testing in a universal testing machine (Oswaldo Filizola, Sao Paulo, Brazil), model AME5k, using a 5kN load cell until fracture occurred. For the conversion degree (GC) test, 60 composite resin specimens were prepared in the shape of rectangular attachments with the same dimensions as the shear test, divided into 03 groups (n=20) according to the aforementioned resins and subdivided into 04 groups (n=05) in relation to the polymerization times studied. The GC was analyzed after 24h of polymerization of the specimens using FT-IR infrared spectroscopy analysis (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). The data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-test. Results: statistical tests indicated that there was a statistical difference for the resin factor (p<.001) and polymerization time (p<.001) with interaction between the factors (p<.001) in relation to shear bond strength. Regarding the degree of conversion, there was a statistical difference for the resin factor (p=.024) and polymerization time (p=.020) with no interaction between the factors. Conclusion: The nanoparticle resin (Supreme Flowable Restorative^®) and the longer polymerization time (40 seconds) showed better mechanical performance in the shear bond strength test and a higher degree of conversion.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm in the mouth, accounting for more than 90% of cancers in this region. It is more common in the lower lip and oral tongue, which commonly show distinct biological behavior, tending to be less aggressive with a higher survival rate and lower risk of metastasis when it affects the lower lip, when compared to carcinomas in the oral tongue, which exhibit more aggressive progression and an unfavorable prognosis.Therefore, it is important to search for markers that can indicate these differences and, in this sense, some studies have analyzed the role of macrophages associated with tumors that can present different phenotypes, with the M1 phenotype being represented by immune effector cells capable of destroying neoplastic cells and the M2 phenotype having the ability to suppress the function of M1 macrophages, influencing angiogenesis and tissue repair. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of macrophage subpopulations in squamous cell carcinomas located in the oral tongue (OTSCC) and lower lip (LLSCC), investigating possible associations with histopathological characteristics.Twenty-four cases of OTSCC and 25 of LLSCC were selected. The morphological study classified them using the grading system proposed by the WHO (2005) and categorized them as poorly, moderately and well differentiated. The immunoexpression of antibodies was analyzed semiquantitatively. The study showed greater involvement in adult men for both locations. The morphological analysis indicated a predominance of the well differentiated grading for both locations. According to the immunohistochemical analysis, the immunopositivity scores for CD68 were significantly higher in the cases of LLSCC (p<0.005).The immunopositivity scores for CD68 and CD163 did not show statistically significant differences in relation to the histopathological grade of malignancy of SCC for both locations (p>0.05). The results of this study indicate no differences between macrophage subpopulations and the degree of histological differentiation of SCC; however, they indicate a better host response in LLSCC, with a predominance of the M1 subtype of macrophages, which may partly explain the less aggressive behavior in this location compared to the oral tongue.

INTRODUCTION: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous condition of unknown etiology and unpredictable clinical course, with no cure. It presents varied clinical manifestations in the oral mucosa, with erosive and atrophic forms, associated with pain, requiring symptomatic treatment. Topical corticosteroids are the first and main therapeutic option, despite the potential adverse effects associated with prolonged use. Thus, phytotherapeutics have been explored as promising alternatives for management of oral diseases, including OLP. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of a phytotherapeutic gel based on the extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. (cashew tree bark) in the treatment of symptomatic OLP lesions. METHODS: This study is a controlled, randomized, transversal, and single-blind clinical trial conducted with patients clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with symptomatic OLP. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n=), treated with a gel based on cashew bark extract, and control (n=), treated with 0.05% clobetasol propionate gel. Efficacy was evaluated weekly using a clinical score and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain intensity. RESULTS: Both groups showed clinical improvement and pain reduction, with no statistically significant differences between treatments. The phytotherapeutic gel demonstrated comparable efficacy to corticosteroids, with fewer adverse events and an absence of oral candidiasis cases, observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The A. occidentale L.-based phytotherapeutic gel proved to be a promising alternative to conventional treatment, offering additional benefits such as lower risk of adverse effects and economic accessibility. Future studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to consolidate these findings.

Introduction: Caries still constitutes a public health problem. Areas adjacent to restorations are often affected by caries. Even though composite resins are being studied and improved, they still do not have antimicrobial activity. Pomegranate peels are a potential resource for bioactive compounds such as phenolics, proanthocyanidins and flavonoids, presenting antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Objective: to modify the Opus Bulk Fill Flow composite resin with the acetone extract of pomegranate peel in different concentrations and evaluate the surface roughness and color change. Methodology: 5g of pomegranate peel was extracted using 100ml of 70% acetone solvent. After rotary evaporation, filtering and lyophilization of the extract, it was macerated, sieved and weighed at different contractions based on the minimum inhibitory concentration capable of inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The Opus Bulk Fill Flow composite resin was modified with this extract concentrations in order to generate 5 groups of distinct concentrations: Control 0% (n=10), G1 12.5% (n=10), G2 25% (n=10 ), G3 50% (n=10) and G4 100% (n=10).  Roughness (Ra) and color difference (ΔE00) were subjected to normality tests and non-parametric data were subjected to the Kruskall Wallis test with Dunn's post-test using GraphPad Prism 8 and Microsoft Excel 2019 software. Results : It was found that the average color difference increased as the concentration of the extract in the modified resin increased (p<0.0001), as well as the modified resins became, visibly to the naked eye, a little more yellowish.  Surface roughness (Ra) did not show a statistically significant difference (p=0.0748). All groups presented average values similar to 0.06μm.  Conclusion: The addition of the acetone extract from pomegranate peel changed the color of the Opus Bulk Fill Flow composite resin as its concentration increased.  The surface roughness of all experimental and control groups was within the value expected in the literature (<0.2μm) with the aim of preventing adhesion of biofilm and microorganisms on the surface of the material. Further studies are recommended to verify whether this extract alters other mechanical properties of the fluid composite resin.

Introduction:Considering that creatine (Cr) can interfere in several aspects of bone metabolism, it has been questioned whether this substance could also influence orthodontic movement, since this process depends on the shiftseebone, with bone apposition in the alveolar region and bone resorption on the opposite side. Objective: To evaluate the effect of creatine on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Methodology: This is an experimental, in vivo, controlled study, with a descriptive and inferential basis. The sample consisted of 36 healthy male Wistar rats (Ratus norvegicus albinus), aged between 7 and 12 weeks, which were subjected to continuous orthodontic tooth movement of the upper first permanent molars, on the left side, for a period of 21 days. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Control group (CG) - rats subjected only to orthodontic movement and daily water intake (n=12); Experimental group creatine 1 (GEC1) - rats subjected to orthodontic movement and a daily dose of 21 mg/kg of creatine (n=12); and Experimental group creatine 2 (GEC2) - rats subjected to orthodontic movement and a daily dose of 51 mg/kg of creatine (n=12). The analysis of the amount of orthodontic movement was performed by means of computed microtomography. To investigate bone remodeling, a morphological study was performed using the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) method. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis, followed by Tukey's test with a 95% confidence interval. Results: There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the control group and the experimental groups in any of the orthodontic movement variables studied. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that creatine does not affect orthodontic movement.

Removable complete dentures (CDs) remain the standard treatment for edentulous patients with psychological and financial limitations so that future perspectives strengthen the importance of improving manufacturing techniques. New digital resources have provided advances in manufacturing complete dentures with promptness, quality, and reduced clinical and laboratory steps. Considering the advantages of additive manufacturing, this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and clinical performance of an abbreviated and innovative technique for 3D-printed complete dentures. In this randomized crossover clinical trial, a total of 30 completely edentulous patients were randomized into two groups according to the processing technique: CD-DD (patients initially rehabilitated with conventional CD and, after 3 months, with 3D-printed CD) and DD-CD (patients initially rehabilitated with 3D-printed CD and, after 3 months, with conventional CD). The accuracy of outlining of extension of the denture foundation on preliminary casts and teeth arrangement were analyzed after digitizing and superimposition images in Standard Tesselation Language format (STL) for both techniques. The types and quantity of failures observed during the denture’s try-in step were registered in the medical record. Mapping of the occlusal contact points was collected during the delivery of each denture’s set. Patient satisfaction was evaluated by using a validated questionnaire, the impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was measured using the OHIP-Edent-19, and an objective method based on the two-color chewing gum (Vivident Fruitdent Swing) was utilized for masticatory performance assessment. Occlusal and denture base adjustments and functional adaptation period required as well as the number of clinical appointments performed were recorded. These outcomes were collected after the use of each denture’s pair for 3 months. The time required for outlining the entire base seat, teeth assembly, and time total for fabrication and processing of the dental prosthesis (clinical and laboratory stages), including post-insertion clinical visits were recorded. At the end of the study, the choice of patient regarding the treatment modality was registered. Sensibility and specificity tests were applied to measure accuracy. The mapping of the occlusal contacts and functional adaptation were analyzed by using the Chi-square Test. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney Test was used for the evaluation of the patient-centered outcomes (satisfaction and quality of life), masticatory performance, number of clinical visits, and denture base adjustments required. Comparisons between means of working time were carried out using the paired-T Test. Statistical tests were performed considering a significance level of 5%. The final sample size was composed of 23 completely edentulous, mean age of 65.96 ±8.74. For outlining the denture foundation, the accuracy ranged from 0.57 to 0.92. The buccal and labial frenulum showed a lower value in the maxilla (0.57); while the area between the retromolar pad and buccal frenulum (0.64) showed a lower score in the mandible. The digital method revealed a higher significant mean for maxillary denture foundation (p<0.001). Maxillary teeth arrangement ranged from good to excellent accuracy for the new device (0.75 to 0.93) considering all parameters evaluated. The techniques were similar for patient overall satisfaction, quality of life, masticatory performance, denture base adjustments post-insertion, failures in the teeth try-in, occlusal contacts, and functional adaptation. The working time of the digital method for outlining the denture foundation for both arches was significantly longer compared to conventional ones (p<0.001). However, the maxillary teeth arrangement demonstrated a significantly lower operational time for the digital technique (p<0.001). The number of clinical appointments and total time for fabrication and processing of the DDs were significantly lower (p<0.001). Most patients reported a preference for conventional CDs (60.90%). The denture foundation extension outline exhibited sufficiently excellent accuracy for the digital method, except for the maxillary anterior region. The device was accurate in recording the maxillary occlusal rim and demonstrated promising clinical performance, with effective results compared with conventional techniques. Although the digital method required a longer working time for outlining of the denture foundation, the maxillary teeth arrangement using an intuitive device and the acquisition of the complete dentures by additive manufacturing using an abbreviated and novel technique were advantageous regarding time efficiency. 3D-printed complete dentures have comparable outcomes to conventional ones regarding overall satisfaction, quality of life, masticatory performance, occlusal contact points, denture base adjustments after placement, functional adaptation, and errors in the try-in of teeth, and required reduced number of clinical appointments.

Green propolis, a widely consumed natural substance, has demonstrated beneficial effects on bone tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of alcoholic green propolis extract at different concentrations on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rats. The experiment followed the Animal Research Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines and included 40 (after the losses, the sample consisted of 40 animals healthy male Wistar rats (250g), aged 7-10 weeks, subjected to OTM using a closed nickel-titanium coil spring (50cN) placed between the first upper left molar and the maxillary incisors, with daily administration of substances via gavage for 21 days. The rats were divided into four groups: control (GC, water), experimental group 1 (P1, propolis 100 mg/kg), experimental group 2 (P2, propolis 300 mg/kg), and experimental group 3 (P3, propolis 500 mg/kg). Green propolis extract was analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and UV-VIS spectrophotometric scanning to determine flavonoids, caffeic acid, and total phenolic compounds. The systemic effect of green propolis was evaluated in the animals, showing no interference with OTM. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) was used to analyze linear OTM (mesial and vertical movement, and periodontal ligament thickness in the tension and pressure areas) and volumetric changes (bone volume %, bone porosity %, trabecular number, and trabecular spacing), using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post-test (5%), with no significant differences (p>0.05). Histological analysis of the distobuccal root revealed bone remodeling in the tension (distal side) and pressure (mesial side) areas, with osteoblastic activity present in all groups on the tension side. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed on the pressure side, with more pronounced inflammatory modulation in the propolis-treated groups, as determined by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn’s post-test (5%). The study suggests that green propolis has the potential to modulate inflammation and preserve bone quality without compromising tooth movement

Objective: To evaluate the clinical longevity, marginal discrepancy (MD), and internal discrepancy (ID) of monolithic posterior full crowns fabricated from two CAD/CAM ceramic materials, as well as the impact of oral rehabilitation on aesthetic satisfaction and patient quality of life. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 crowns were installed in 18 participants, allocated into two groups: Control (LD, Lithium Disilicate - IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar AG) and Experimental (Zr, Zircon FitPlus-Talmax, Curitiba, Paraná). The crowns were evaluated before treatment (T0) and after 1 (T1), 6 (T2), 12 (T3), and 24 (T4) months using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria, visual analog scales (VAS), and Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP). Ten units of each material were selected for the evaluation of ID and MD using the replica technique. The internal part of each crown was filled with fluid consistency addition silicone (X-light, 3M ESPE) and placed in position in the mouth under constant pressure until the silicone polymerized. The crown was then removed, leaving the fluid silicone adhered inside. Next, a small portion of dense consistency silicone (Express XT, 3M ESPE) was inserted inside the crown, in intimate contact with the fluid silicone. After final setting, the silicone die formed by the two materials was removed from the crown's interior. The die was then sectioned into 8 hemi-faces. For ID analysis, the thickness of the fluid silicone was measured in four regions (O: occlusal, C: cusp, A: axial, CH: chamfer), with 5 measurements taken per region. For MD analysis, measurements were taken in the finish line area, with 5 measurements performed on each hemi-face, totaling 20 measurements per crown. Measurements were taken using an optical stereomicroscope (Stereo Discovery V20) at 40x magnification with software assistance. Shapiro-Wilk normality tests, one-factor ANOVA for MD, two-factor ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%) for ID were performed. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier followed by the log-rank test (α = .05). OIDP and USPHS data were descriptively analyzed, while VAS for aesthetic satisfaction was statistically assessed using Mann-Whitney, Friedman, and Wilcoxon post hoc tests. Results: For the 18 participants with a mean age of 38.5 years, 11 crowns were made of LD and 13 of Zr. The overall survival rate after 60 months was 95.8%, with 100% for the control group and 92.3% for the zirconia group. The log-rank test did not indicate a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.450). Mann-Whitney testing revealed no differences between the groups, regardless of satisfaction criteria or follow-up times (P>0.05). For both groups, aesthetic satisfaction across all criteria was significant (P<0.05). For MD, one-factor ANOVA showed that the "ceramic" factor was not significant (p=0.297). MD was similar between the Zr group (108.4±34.6 µm) and the LD group (95.7±13.6 µm). As for the ID analysis, two-factor ANOVA revealed that only the "region" factor (p=0.00) was significant, meaning the type of ceramic did not influence the results (p=0.4). In the experimental group analysis, ZrO (124.1±34.9A µm) and DLO (154.6±33.7Aµm) were similar to each other and showed higher ID values than other regions. Conclusion: The survival rates between the evaluated materials were not significantly different, demonstrating acceptable clinical performance after 24 months of follow-up. The MD and ID were similar between the evaluated materials, with values within clinically acceptable parameters. Additionally, for both materials, the occlusal region showed the highest ID.

Peri-implant mucositis is an inflammatory condition without bone loss that occurs in the soft tissues surrounding the implant. Non-surgical treatment combines basic therapy with or without the use of chemical agents. Therefore, this objective study evaluates the efficacy of Bluem as a chemical adjuvant in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis in a non-surgical treatment protocol, considering the periodontal and peri-implant clinical parameters (visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). The implants in this study were allocated into two groups that received non-surgical treatment: 33 implants received basic therapy associated with the chemical agent Bluem (test) and 38 implants received basic therapy associated with the use of placebo (control). Patients were followed up at baseline, 15 days, 03, 06 and 12 months. Given the normality of the data, the 2-way ANOVA test for repeated measures, as well as Fisher's exact test to verify the association between the dependent and independent variables were used with a significance level of 5%. Regarding oral hygiene indexes (VPI and GBI), there was a reduction in VPI and GBI for the test group and a reduction in PD and BOP for both the test group (Bluem) and the control group (placebo), with no interaction between time and type of treatment. Given the results, Bluem can be used as an alternative for the non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis, however, its efficacy still requires additional studies for scientific evidence.

Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has gained interest in Dentistry due to its photobiomodulatory effect, which is associated with tissue healing and reduction of postoperative pain. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of LLLT photobiomodulation on first-intention tissue healing and postoperative pain after crown lengthening surgery in aesthetic areas with full-thickness flap over a 3-month follow-up period. Methodology: 27 systemically healthy patients participated in a randomized, controlled, triple-blind, split-mouth clinical trial. They were divided into two groups: CG (control group): hemi-arch subjected only to surgery; and TG (test group): hemi-arch subjected to laser application after surgery - 4J, 660nm, 100W, applied for 5 minutes in a continuous motion along the entire surgical area. Periodontal parameters were evaluated, including Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Probing Depth (PD), Gingival Phenotype (GP), Keratinized Mucosa (KM), healing (using the Landry Index), postoperative pain (measured by the Numeric Visual Scale), quality of life (OHIP-14), patient satisfaction, and aesthetics (measured by the Pink Esthetic Score - PES). Evaluations were conducted at baseline, and on the 4th, 7th, 11th, 14th, 45th days, and 3 months post-surgery. Statistical tests were performed with a significance level of p < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals. Results: all patients began and finished the study periodontally healthy. No significant improvements in tissue healing, reduction of postoperative pain, or periodontal aesthetics were observed at any time point due to the photobiomodulatory effect of LLLT. However, the crown lengthening surgery in aesthetic areas showed a positive impact on patients' quality of life and satisfaction. Conclusion: low-level laser did not accelerate first-intention tissue healing nor reduce pain after crown lengthening surgery in aesthetic areas with full-thickness flap over a 3-month follow-up period.

Introduction: Therapeutic resistance in cancer is a complex and multifactorial process, in which tumors are intrinsically resistant to therapies or acquire resistance over the course of treatment. In this context, the role of ABC transporters (a large family of ATP-dependent transmembrane proteins associated with drug efflux) and transcription factors involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is highlighted. Objective: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of ABCB1, ABCG2, Twist1, and Snail1 in salivary gland neoplasms and correlate them with clinical-pathological and prognostic parameters. Methodology: The sample consisted of 20 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), 19 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), 14 cases of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC), and 20 cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Clinical-demographic, morphological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed using ABCB1, ABCG2, Twist1, and Snail1 antibodies. The collected data were submitted for descriptive and statistical analysis (p≤0.05). Results: All cases of AdCC, ACC, and PA were negative for ABCB1, while only 35% of MEC cases showed positivity for this transporter. Significantly higher expression of ABCG2 was observed in MEC and PA cases compared to ACC cases (p<0.01). Increased expression of Twist1 (nuclear) was found in MEC compared to AdCC and ACC (p<0.05). Furthermore, significantly higher expression of Twist1 (cytoplasmic) was noted in ACC and MEC when compared to both AdCC and PA (p<0.01). Regarding Snail1, higher nuclear expression was observed in AdCC compared to ACC (p<0.0001), while its cytoplasmic staining was increased in MEC compared to other tumors (p<0.01). In AdCC cases, significantly higher immunoexpression of Twist1 (nuclear and cytoplasmic) was found in cases with necrosis (p<0.05) and grade III/high-grade tumors (p<0.05). In MEC, significantly higher expression of Snail1 (nuclear) was observed in older patients (p=0.028) and major salivary glands (p=0.045), while its lower cytoplasmic expression was associated with distant metastasis (p=0.021) and death (p=0.021). Furthermore, in MEC, positive and significant correlations were found between ABCG2 with ABCB1, and with Twist1 (nuclear) (p<0.05), as well as negative correlations between Twist1 (cytoplasmic) and Snail1 (nuclear and cytoplasmic) (p<0.05). Five-year survival analyses showed that the presence of metastases (lymph node and distant) and advanced clinical stage significantly impacted the reduction of overall and disease-free survival in patients with AdCC and MEC, whereas the expression of Twist1 (cytoplasmic) was associated with poorer disease-free survival in MEC. Conclusions: It is suggested that the ABCG2 transporter may play a role in intrinsic chemoresistance, while ABCB1 does not seem to be directly involved in this process. Additionally, the transcription factors Twist1 and Snail1, crucial for EMT, likely play a significant role in the chemoresistance of malignant salivary gland neoplasms.

The objective of this study is to analyze oral health indicators at the national level and in a municipality in the interior of Paraíba, as well as the acceptance, ease and perception of use of the Electronic Citizen Record by dentists in Primary Care in the municipality of Cajazeiras -PB.Data collection took place in two stages: first, information will be collected from the e-SUS PEC reports present on the e-Gestor website of the Department of Primary Care of the Ministry of Health, referring to the USF oral health teams, and then to application of a specific and objective questionnaire to assess acceptance, ease and use of the Citizen's Electronic Record (PEC) by dentists registered in the municipality. The results show that the Northeast and North have the lowest resolubility coefficients (46.6 and 50.6) and the highest coverage of the first dental appointment (9.5 and 9.3), however with higher values for extractions (14. 2 and 13.1); as for the proportion of preventive procedures observed, it is noted that the degree of prioritization of preventive care is high in all regions and at the local level, significant variations were observed between USF; regarding the use of the PEC, 76.9% did not receive qualification or training, 23.1% always experience difficulties when handling it and 46.2% are sometimes able to operate all the functions of the system. Therefore, at the local level, the indicator data fit the national average, but there is the possibility of failures in recording and/or quality control, as well as there are limitations to the use of the PEC due to the lack of training for professionals.

Objective: To evaluate the depth of cure of the Tetric® N-Flow Bulk Fill composite resin with xylitol addition at different concentrations and thicknesses. Methodology: The Tetric® N-Flow Bulk Fill resin was mixed with xylitol concentrations (0% [Control], 2.5%, and 5% w/w). Cylindrical samples (n=3) were made in a mold with diameters of 5 mm and thicknesses of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm, photoactivated for 10 s, and stored at 37º C for 24 h. The specimens were subjected to Vickers microhardness testing, and the depth of cure was obtained through the bottom/top ratio. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare different thicknesses at the same concentration and different concentrations at the same thickness (p<0.05) using BioEstat 5.3 software. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between different thicknesses at the same concentration, as well as between different concentrations at the same thickness (p=1.0). All specimens showed adequate depth of cure (hardness ratio ≥80%), except for the samples with 4 mm thickness containing 2.5% and 5% xylitol, which showed an average hardness ratio of 78% and 76%, respectively. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, it can be concluded that the addition of xylitol to a bulk fill flow resin can affect the depth of cure at 4 mm.

Candidoses are usually treated with antifungals. However, the effect of these drugs is usually compromised by microbial resistance and adverse effects. In this sense, the increase in the prevalence and complexity of multidrug-resistant microorganisms to antimicrobials have incited the search for complementary and alternative therapies capable of acting effectively against the emerging resistance to medicines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate comparatively the antimicrobial action and the antibiofilm potential, in vitro, between photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue, phytotherapy, using the hydroethanolic extract of Spondias mombin L (HE) and the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the control of yeasts of the Candida genus, namely: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis. For this, the inhibitory activity of microbial growth in its planktonic forms and the antibiofilm activity were investigated, in triplicate, using nystatin 100,000UI/mL as a control. Regarding the statistical analysis, in addition to the descriptive interpretation, the Two-Way ANOVA test was applied. Thus, it was observed that all tested therapies exhibited antifungal and antibiofilm activities. However, when these activities were compared between them and also with the control group, it was found that: the HE showed antifungal activity similar to that of the control group, the probiotic showed the lowest antifungal activity and the PDT showed the highest antibiofilm activity for almost all strains, followed by HE and, finally, by the probiotic. Furthermore, the antibiofilm activities of PDT and HE were similar to the control group, but not higher. In this sense, it was possible to conclude that all studied therapies, especially PDT and HE, have antifungal and antibiofilm activities against the strains of the Candida genus tested, and such activities are sometimes similar to the activities of nystatin 100,000UI/mL.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of different types of interocclusal registrations and assembly techniques in a virtual articulator on the clinical and laboratory preparation time of stabilizing occlusal splints made by digital workflow (CAD/CAM). Methodology: This is a randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial, where the sample consisted of 30 patients diagnosed with sleep bruxism, who were randomly randomized into two groups according to the technique of mounting the model on the articulator virtual: GP (flat horizontal group) and GM (camper's table group). Three different types of interocclusal records were also evaluated for making printed occlusal plates, namely: “maximum habitual intercuspation” (MIH), “anterior recording device” (DAR) and “occlusal reeds”; and the techniques for designing the occlusal splints, these steps being subdivided into smoothing and delimitation, mounting the model of the upper model on the articulator (varying in the horizontal plane and camper's table), designing the plate and final adjustments. Based on this, the times (in minutes and seconds) required to perform the clinical and laboratory steps were analyzed. Data were statistically evaluated by T, ANOVA and Tukey tests using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 22.0 software. Results: There was a statistical difference in the time of interocclusal registration, where MIH (47.94sec) and reed (01:03.01min) were performed in a shorter time when compared to the DAR (03:09.26min) (<0.001 ). The time of the assembly step on the articulator was statistically longer when the registration was performed in MIH and the assembly was performed by lifting the pin on the articulator (01:59.62min), comparing to the DAR (01:07.82min) and the reed (01:07.82min) 01: 06.43min) (<0.001), also showing difference in design (p=0.045) and total time of steps (p=0.033). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be stated that using the occlusal palette or registering in MIH demonstrated a shorter clinical time when detected using the RAD technique. Lifting the pin on the articulator led to a longer time to assemble the models, regardless of whether the model was mounted in the horizontal plane or on the camper's table, it increased the time in the CAD step.

Objective: To evaluate the time taken to make different types of interocclusal registrations and their precision in obtaining the planned thickness for the stabilizing splint made using the digital workflow. Methodology: It consists of an in vivo study with 30 patients diagnosed with probable sleep bruxism. Individually, the patients had their bite registered with three different types of occlusal registrations: maximum habitual intercuspation (MIH), anterior registration device (DAR) and occlusal reeds. The time required to obtain each record was recorded (in minutes and seconds) and analyzed later. The interocclusal distance corresponding to the planned thickness of the plates was determined to be 2 mm. For DAR and occlusal pick, this distance was created with the help of 2 mm thick posterior occlusal picks. For registration in MIH, it was created by enlarging the incisal pin in the virtual articulator. It was then analyzed using the digital models obtained for each record. Statistically, the and thickness data were evaluated using the ANOVA test and Tukey's post test using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 22.0 software. Thickness data were analyzed as mean and standard deviation. Results: There was a statistical difference in the time of interocclusal registration, where MIH (47,94sec) and reed (01:03,01min) were performed in a shorter time when compared to the DAR (03:09,26min) (<0.001). Regarding thickness, there was a statistical difference between groups incisal pin (1,85±0,33) and reed records (2,08±0,28), which presented, respectively, the smallest and largest distance between the arches. The average registration with the DAR (2,03±0,45) (0,048) was the closest to the 2mm predicted for the thickness of the plate, followed by the technique with occlusal picks. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that recording using the occlusal palette or in MIH presented a shorter clinical time when compared to the DAR technique. Despite the thickness averages being close, the DAR technique was the method that came closest to the estimated thickness for the occlusal splints.

Background: Photobiomodulation has been used as an adjunct to basic periodontal therapy (BPT) due to its effects on inflammation modulation and acceleration of tissue repair. However, there isn't a standardized protocol for laser application. Aim: To evaluate and compare two techniques of low-power laser application - transgingival (LBPT) and intrasulcular (LBPI) - used in Photobiomodulation as an adjunct to BPT in patients with periodontitis. Methods: This is a randomized, split-mouth, double-blind clinical trial where, from each patient, 3 diseased sites (with interproximal attachment loss of at least 1 mm and probing depth of 4 mm or more), in different quadrants, were selected for one of three treatment groups: RAR group (control group), RAR + LBPT group (test 1), and RAR + LBPI group (test 2). Low-power laser therapy in the test groups was performed at three time points - 48 hours, 7, and 14 days after completing full-mouth RAR. Clinical parameters of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed before treatment (T0), and at 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2). Additionally, standardized periapical radiographs were used to measure and compare radiographic bone density 6 months after treatment completion. ANOVA for repeated measures was used for quantitative variables, and the chi-square test for the categorical variable using a significance level of p < 0.05 and confidence intervals of 95%. Results: Statistically significant reductions in PD (p < 0.001) and CAL (p < 0.001) were observed in all three treatment groups at 3 and 6 months compared to baseline, with no significant differences between the groups. No difference in radiographic bone density was found between the treatment groups at 6 months. Conclusion: With the limitations of this study, the results suggest that compared to isolated BPT, adjunct photobiomodulation does not bring additional benefits, regardless of the laser application technique used.

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Introduction: dental sealants have a preventive and therapeutic activity in the prevention and treatment of dental caries. However, there are no reports of these materials with antimicrobial properties and the addition of phytotherapy molecules would be an option to solve this limitation. Objectives: to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the Fluroshield® sealant with the addition of the stem extract of Schinopsis brasiliensis (Braúna), as well as the potential for releasing the active ingredient, degree of conversion and immediate enamel bond strength. Methodology: this is an experimental in vitro study. Braúna barks were dried at 40 ± 1 °C and the ethanolic extract was obtained by percolation of Schinopsis brasiliensis bark powder. The commercial sealant Fluroshield (Dentsply) was enriched with the proportions by mass (g) [0% (Control), 20%, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1.25%]. The evaluation of the Inhibition of Biofilm Formation was carried out, the release of the active principle (gallic acid) was measured with Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC), the immediate bond strength (BS) to the dental tissue was evaluated with microshear and the degree of conversion (DC) with Micro-Raman. Final values were submitted to Shapiro-Wilky (p > 0.05) and Levene normality tests. Parametric data were submitted to analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) with Tukey's post-test (p <0.05) and non-parametric data through the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-test using the GraphPad Prism software 8 and Microsoft Excel 2018. Results: materials with a higher % of extract had a lower DC, there was no statistically significant difference for BS between the different groups, there was release of the active principle in all materials and groups with 20% and 10 % of extract by mass were able to inhibit biofilm formation similarly to the positive control (0.12% chlorhexidine). Conclusion: the addition of Schinopsis brasiliensis extract in concentrations between 10% and 20% is a promising alternative for obtaining antimicrobial properties in resin sealants.

Background: Odontogenic cysts and tumors present heterogeneous biological behavior, and their etiopathogenesis is not fully understood yet. Yes-associated protein (YAP) acts as a transcriptional regulator of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, activating pathways associated with cystic growth and neoplastic progression. Objective: To analyze the immunohistochemical expression of YAP protein and correlate it with markers involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. Methods: The sample consisted of 95 cases of odontogenic lesions - 25 dentigerous cysts (DCs), 30 non-syndromic OKCs (OKCs), 30 conventional AMB (C-AMBs), and 10 unicystic AMB (U-AMBs) -, in addition to 10 specimens of dental follicles (DF). Clinicodemographic data collection was carried out, as well as morphological analysis for better characterization of the sample. The histological sections were submitted to the immunohistochemical technique using YAP, cyclin D1, Ki-67, and Bcl-2 antibodies, and their immunoexpression analysis was performed through an adapted methodology. The collected data were submitted for descriptive and statistical analysis (p ≤ 0.05). Results: There was a slight predilection for women (n = 55; 57.6%) and individuals aged between 21 and 40 years (n = 50; 47.6%), with the posterior region of the mandible as the most affected site (64%). Except for DFs, in all groups of lesions, there was a predominance of a more densely collagenized capsule/stroma (n = 81; 77.15%). Analysis of YAP immunoexpression revealed higher expression levels in OKCs, especially in the basal and parabasal layers, followed by U-AMBs and C-AMBs, which showed moderate immunoreactivity, predominantly in peripheral cells. In addition, there were significant differences in YAP immunoexpression between the analyzed groups, with positive and statistically significant correlations between YAP and cyclin D1 in DCs and U-AMBs, and between YAP and Ki-67 in U-AMBs (p < 0.05). However, between YAP and Bcl-2 immunoexpression, there was no statistically significant correlation. Conclusions: YAP influences the cell proliferation of odontogenic cysts and tumors epithelium, thus helping with the progression of the different odontogenic lesions.

Benign epithelial odontogenic lesions constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions that may present indolent or aggressive biological behavior. The CLIC4 protein is related to cell cycle regulation, also participating in the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts that begin to express α-SMA. Furthermore, studies have revealed that CLIC4 expression can interfere with the TEM process in neoplasms. Taking into account the heterogeneity of the biological behavior of benign epithelial odontogenic lesions and the absence of studies that have evaluated the expression of the CLIC4 protein and its action in the transdifferentiation of myofibroblasts and its possible participation in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in these lesions, this work evaluated the immunoexpression of CLIC4, α-SMA, E-cadherin, and Vimentin in ameloblastomas (AM) (n = 16), odontogenic keratocyst (n=20) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT) (n=8). The analysis of the immunohistochemical expression of CLIC4, E-cadherin, and vimentin proteins in the epithelial component of the lesions and of CLIC4 and α-SMA in the connective tissue was performed in a semi-quantitative manner by a previously calibrated evaluator. The expression in the epithelial component of CLIC4 was analyzed separately in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, as well as the E-cadherin labeling evaluated in the membrane and the cytoplasm. Comparisons of the percentages of immunoreactivity in the groups studied were performed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The Spearman correlation test evaluated possible correlations between the expression of CLIC4, α-SMA, E-cadherin, and Vimentin. The significance level was set at 5% (p < 0.05). Different marking patterns were observed between the analyzed groups, noting that the exclusively cytoplasmic immunoexpression of CLIC4 in the epithelial component of AM and TOA was significantly higher than that found in the epithelium of OC (p < 0.001), not demonstrating statistical significance between AM and TOA. Immunoexpression (nuclear and cytoplasmic) of CLIC4 in the CO epithelial lining was significantly higher than that found in the epithelial component of AM and TOA (p < 0.001). CLIC4 stromal immunoexpression was significantly higher in AM (p = 0.009) and CO (p = 0.004) than in TOA. α-SMA immunoexpression is significantly higher in AM (p = 0.016) and CO (p = 0.034) when compared to TOA. The membrane immunoexpression of E-cadherin in CO was significantly higher than that found in AM (p = 0.009) and TOA (p = 0.024). A greater immunoexpression of E-cadherin (membrane and cytoplasmic) was observed in OCs when compared to AM and TOAs (p < 0.001). Cytoplasmic E-cadherin expression was significantly higher in AM and TOA compared to OC. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in the immunoexpression of vimentin between AM cases and TOA and CO cases (p = 0.038; p < 0.001, respectively), as well as between TOA and CO (p < 0.001). The correlations tested between the scores of the proteins studied showed that in the AM group, it was possible to show a moderate positive and statistically significant correlation (r = 0.527; p = 0.036) between the cytoplasmic expression of CLIC4 and the cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin. A weak positive and statistically significant correlation (r = -0.499; p = 0.049) was also verified between the nucleus-cytoplasmic expression of CLIC4 and the cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin in AM. In addition, a moderate positive and statistically significant correlation (r = 0.648; p = 0.007) between stromal CLIC4 expression and α-SMA expression in AM and OC. Finally, a strong negative and statistically significant correlation (r = -0.813; p < 0.001) was observed between E-cadherin and vimentin expression in AM. The results of this study suggest a potential involvement of CLIC4 in the process of transdifferentiation of myofibroblasts and that the presence of these cells is more frequently associated with lesions with more aggressive biological behavior such as AM and CO, in addition to a possible role of this protein in regulating the cell cycle and MET in the lesions studied.

Burning Mouth (ABS) can present a systemic picture, a differential diagnosis, presented and Secondary of the oral mucosa should be included in the systemic picture of Burning Mouth (SAB). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between the complaint of Secondary Burning Mouth, type II DM and SAH, in addition to the use of medications for such conditions. It was characterized as a retrospective, case-control, consisting of 102 patients with ABS with SAH or type II DM, and a control group consisting of 102 patients studied by age and sex, with SAH or type II DM and without complaints of type II burning and without complaints of type II burning and without complaints of type II burning. (Comparison between groups and Pearson's chi-square test (χ2) and Fisher's exact tests were used, in addition to the 95% odds ratio (OR) test. The multivariate logistic model was also applied, for (of the adjusted odds ratio). After analysis, gastritis was identified as a risk factor for ABS (Ora=2,50; 95% CI = 1.3–4.74; p=0.005). The use of antihypertensive subclasses, such as beta-blockers (ORa = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.16-0.80; p=0.012), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ORa = 0.19; CI 95% = 0.06-0.56; p=0.003) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ORa = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.14-0.49; p<0.001) proved to be factors protection for the ABS.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant neoplasm of complex pathogenesis. In turn, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is an entity that, depending on its evolution, exhibits varied risks of malignant transformation to OSCC. The altered expression of tumor suppressor genes and cell cycle regulatory proteins are related to the etiopathogenesis of different malignant tumors. Among the tumor suppressor genes, the family of inhibitors of growth (ING) stands out, which prevents uncontrolled cell formation. Amid the cell cycle regulatory proteins, Cyclin D1 acts in the progression from S to G1 phase, allowing cell proliferation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the immunoexpression of ING3 and Cyclin D1 proteins in 28 OED and 25 OSCC specimens, located on the tongue, as well as morphologically evaluate and reclassify the lesions according to the criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and by Kujan et al. (2006), for OED; by Almagunsh et al. (2015) for OSCC. Protein immunoexpression was quantitatively evaluated, considering the cellular location (cytoplasmic and/or nuclear for ING3 and nuclear for Cyclin D1), present in the epithelial component. Protein expression was compared between the two groups of samples, as well as with the clinical-pathological parameters of the lesions studied, through the Mann-Whitney (U) statistical tests and the Spearman correlation test, adopting a significance level of 5% for all tests considering the value of p≤ 0.05. Of the 28 cases of OED analyzed, 53.6% were high-risk lesions according to the binary model and of the 25 cases of OSCC analyzed, 48% were considered high-risk scores according to the BD model. No statistically significant associations were found between the morphological variables of the lesions studied and the clinical characteristics (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed between the absence of ING3 expression and the grading of OEDs, according to the WHO (p<0.05). Regarding the expression of Cyclin D1, it was significantly higher in OED, when compared to OSCC cases (p<0.05). Nucleocytoplasmic ING3 expression was significantly lower in OSCC cases when compared to OED cases (p<0.05). Cytoplasm-restricted ING3 expression was higher in OED cases when compared to OSCC cases (p<0.05). The results of the present study suggest that, although there is no evidence of a significant relationship between the expression of proteins and the histopathological gradations of the lesions, there is a notable decrease in the nuclear expression of ING3, with an increase in the severity of the lesions, indicating an altered tumor suppressor function. of this protein in OED and OSCCs. We also highlight the increased expression of Cyclin D1 in OEDs, showing that these lesions have a significant rate of cell proliferation.

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) comprise about 2% to 10% of head and neck tumors and are known for their morphologic diversity and biologic behavior. Some features of malignant neoplasms, such as tumor invasion and distant metastasis, might have the participation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), event in which proteins like E-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail1 are directly involved. This study aimed to analyze, by means of immunohistochemistry, the expression of these proteins, as well as to relate their expressions to clinical-pathological features of pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) and carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenomas (CXPAs) located in minor and major salivary glands. This was a semi-quantitatively analysis which comprised 20 PAs, 20 ACCs and 10 CXPAs. Analysis of E-cadherin was made considering membranar and/or cytoplasmatic expression in parenchymal cells. For Snail1, it was considered the reaction of the protein in nucleus and/or cytoplasm of parenchymal cells. Vimentin was evaluated in cytoplasm of fusiform stromal cells. Data were compared and correlated adopting a level of significance of 5% (p ≤ 0,05). Marked immunoexpression for E-cadherin was found mostly in the cytoplasm of non-luminal neoplastic cells in SGTs; membrane reaction for the protein, seen in luminal cells, was higher in malignant tumors (p = 0,041). Snail1 was more expressed in nucleus, mostly of non-luminal cells of SGTs, with this reactivity being higher in malignant tumors (p  = 0,012). Nuclear positivity for this marker was also higher for ACCs and CXPAs when compared with PAs separately (p = 0,037 e p = 0,025, respectively). No significant differences between E-cadherin and Snail1 and other  clinical-pathological parameters were found (p > 0,05). Vimentin was seen in the stroma of all cases, being more diffuse and intense in ACCs. No significant differences between this marker and clinical-pathological parameters were found (p > 0,05). Positive correlations between membranar and cytoplasmatic E-cadherin in PAs, ACCs and CXPAs were observed (p = 0,002; p < 0,001; p = 0,031), as well as between nuclear and cytoplasmatic Snail1 and between cytoplasmatic E-cadherin and nuclear Snail1 in PAs (p = 0,009; p =0,032). Negative correlations between membranar E-cadherin and cytoplasmatic Snail1 were observed, as well as between nuclear Snail1 and Vimentin in ACCs (p = 0,036; p = 0,021). This last correlation, as well as positive correlation between membranar and cytoplasmatic E-cadherin were also seen when ACCs and CXPAs were grouped (p = 0,0011; p < 0,001). These results suggest that the participation of these proteins in EMT might be related to cellular differentiation in PAs and to tumoral progression in malignant tumors. In addition, it can be infered that the expression of E-cadherin and Snail1 in malignant tumors might reflect the plasticity seen in EMT process. Furthermore, the possible rule of Vimentin in the identification of neoplastic cells, in later stages of EMT, in the stroma of SGTs, is highlighted. 

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is a type of lining epithelial tissue that is present in the skin and mucous membranes that are predominantly made up of keratinocytes. These cell types produce keratin and have a polyhedral morphology with ovoid nuclei, but they can modify their phenotype according to the degree of differentiation in the layers of the epithelial component. The normal morphology of keratinocytes may vary according to the physiological events that occur, such as changes in the regularity and size of the nucleus at different stages of apoptotic, mitotic or replicative activity. However, cellular alterations may be present in some malignant neoplasms, such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, modifying the original morphology of keratinocytes as a result of an eventual alteration of the malignant phenotype of these cells. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a cytokine secreted by several types of cells, being involved in the development and differentiation of Th2 cells, acting in the anti-inflammatory response, its expression also seems to be related to the development of some neoplasms, including oral cancer. The objective of the present research will be to perform a cellular morphometric analysis (nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments), identification of nuclear irregularities of malignant keratinocytes and compare with the immunohistochemical expression of IL-4 in cases of Epidermoid Carcinoma of the Lower Lip (n:30) and Oral Tongue (n:30) using biotechnology tools for this purpose, contributing to the understanding of the biological behavior of these cell types in malignant neoplasms.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of different post-processing protocols and the type of 3D printing of different printed resins on the three-point bending strength (s) and dimensional stability. Methodology: A bar was modeled (26 x 2.2 x 2.2mm) on Mishmixer software and a STL file was obtained, the it was exported to the 3D printer software SLA (Forms 2/Formslab) and LCD (FlashForge Photo 6.0/ FlashForge). Then, 45 bars of each type of resin (Pr - Provisional/Cosmos Temp, Yller; Pl - Occlusal Plate/Cosmos Splint, Yller; Mo – Models/ Cosmos Model, Yller) were printed by each printing system (SLA and LCD). After printing, the bars of each type of resin were cleaned with isopropyl alcohol and randomly divided (n=15) according to factors: “Post-processing protocol” Control (C: without post-processing); Ultraviolet Light (UV: 15 min in Anycubic Wash and Cure Plus, Anycubic) and Microwave (M: 15 min in microwave oven/1,400W). Thein, the bars were submitted to the s test (100KgF, 1mm/min) and data (MPa) analyzed with 2-way ANOVA and Tukey (5%). Complementary analyzes of dimensional stability (analyzed by paired T tests and 2-way ANOVA) and SEM of surfaces and fractures were also performed. Results: For flexural strength, ANOVA revealed that the factors "Printer" (p<0.05) and "Post processing" (p<0.05) and the interaction between them (p<0.05) presented statistical significance for all the types of resin used in this study. In turn, the groups processed in ultraviolet light, whether in model resin: SLAMod-UV (33.80±4.82AMPa), LCDMod-UV (35.93±4.47AMPa); provisional: LCDProv-UV (52.06±12.40AMPa), SLAProv-UV (42.86±2.09BMPa) or oclusal split: LCDPl-UV (91.46±12.33AMPa), LCDPl-UV (33.20 ±4.84BMPa) showed higher values of  , being statistically superior to the groups without microwave processing and post-processed (Tukey 5%).Conclusion: Post-processing in ultraviolet light should be the choice regardless of type of resin, since this protocol promotes better values of flexural strength and that this strength varies according to the type of resin. As well, that the LCD printing technique for the three types of resin can be the most indicated when associated with post processing in ultraviolet light.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can cause adverse effects on the oral environment that can affect the patient's response to treatment and the prognosis. Thereby, this study aimed to identify the most prevalent oral alterations during the period of hospitalization for the performance of HSCT, to analyze the development time of these alterations in this period, as well as the factors associated with the development of these alterations. It was an observational longitudinal, cohort study carried out in patients that was assisted by the bone marrow transplant sector in a main hospital in Rio Grande do Norte between December 2021 and June 2022. Data about oral physical examination, diagnosis of hematological disorder, type of transplant, comorbidities, chemotherapy protocols and local risk factors of patients obtained during the HSCT period were submitted to the Kaplan-Meyer test, parametric logrank test and univariate COX regression to estimate the time of oral changes' onset of and association of risk factors. The statistical significance adopted was 5%. 57.7% of the 30 selected patients were male, median age of 35 years, where 93.3% developed some oral alteration and 53.3% started treatment with some risk factor. The most frequent neoplasms were leukemias (myeloid and lymphoid) and multiple myeloma (23.3% each). FluBuMel was the most used conditioning protocol (40%). The most frequent oral alteration was buccal mucosa edema (83.3%) followed by oral mucositis (80%; grade 1 - 54.2%). The follow-up time was on average 23 days and it was found that on the 5th day of hospitalization the probability of the patient being free of alterations is 93.3%, with this rate decreasing over time, reaching 6.7% in the 28th day. The Mel200 protocol is associated with earlier development of alterations (p=0.02), as well as autologous transplantation (p=0.004). The results suggest that the type of transplant and the chemotherapy conditioning protocol affects the time of onset of oral alterations and additionally reinforce that the low severity of the oral alterations is directly related with the presence of a dentist in the multidisciplinary team.

Introduction: Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is an enamel development defect of systemic origin that affects at least one permanent first molar and may be associated with permanent incisors. Clinically, it is characterized as demarcated enamel opacities that can vary in color (white-cream or yellow-brown). Objective: To estimate the occurrence and severity of MIH in children and adolescents and identify possible factors associated with the occurrence of MIH. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in serial panels (2002 to 2011) and (2012 to 2021) using 230 medical records of patients aged between 6 and 12 years, undergoing orthodontic treatment at the Brazilian Dental Association between 2002 and 2021. The diagnostic criteria used were the presence or absence of demarcated opacities, atypical restorations, post-rupturing fractures and molar extraction due to HMI. The collected data were typed and processed in the SPSS program, statistically treated using the chi-square test at a confidence level of 95%. Results: The occurrence of MIH throughout the study period was 26 cases among the 230 medical records evaluated (which represents 11.3% with a 95% CI from 7.21 to 15.39%). Of these, 03 cases are severe, which is equivalent to 11.5% (95% CI). An association of the occurrence of MIH with the variables gender (male), age (06 to 10 years) and year in which the documentation was carried out (2012 to 2021) was observed. Conclusion:This work shows that although the occurrence of MIH is low in children and adolescents from 6 to 12 years old, it has been increasing in recent years. The percentage of male and younger individuals with HMI is higher, indicating an increasing trend in the occurrence of HMI in the coming years. In addition, most cases are mild, with greater involvement of molar teeth compared to incisors and maxillary molars and incisors compared to mandibular ones. These findings are important to help formulate strategies to prevent or reduce the consequences of HMI.

Introduction: Ameloblastoma (AMB) is a benign odontogenic neoplasm that has high rates of postoperative recurrence. Several studies show the relationship between clinical-pathological characteristics and treatment modalities in AMB recurrence. The molecular mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of this tumor are poorly understood, and although alterations in the Mismatch System (MMR) favor the development of different human neoplasms, their importance in the development of ameloblastoma remains poorly understood. Objective: To identify the prognostic factors associated with ameloblastoma recurrence, as well as to investigate the role of the immunoexpression of hMLH1, hMSH2 and KI-67 proteins in the recurrence of these odontogenic tumors. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, with a sample consisting of 22 cases of recurrent ameloblastomas and 22 non-recurring cases. The immunohistochemical analysis was performed quantitatively, considering the cellular (nuclear) location of the proteins studied. McNemar's test was used to compare the variables between primary and recurrent ameloblastoma lesions. Recurrence-free survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival functions were compared according to variables using the log-rank test. Results: The total sample was mostly female (n=24; 54.5%), with a mean age of involvement of 39.1 ± 19.8 years, and 45.5% (n=20) were caucasian. The posterior mandible region was the most frequent in the relapsed group (n=18, 81.8%) and also for the cases that did not present relapses (n=16, 72.8%). The recurrence-free time was 50.0 (34.5 – 63.6) months. Factors significantly associated with the recurrence of AMBs were: expansion of cortical bone (p=0.0089), presence of bone reconstruction (p=0.018), conservative treatment (p=0.021), loss of hMSH2 immunoexpression (p=0.006) and hMLH1 (p=0.038) and strong immunoexpression of KI-67 (p=0.029). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it is concluded that radiographic appearance, treatment modality and immunoexpression of proteins from the Mismatch System and KI-67 are the most significant prognostic factors for the recurrence of AMBs.

Ceramic restorations can be essential in aesthetic and functional dental rehabilitation, but their longevity and treatment plan need to be well established. Different material options, fabrication techniques and protocols are available, but there is little scientific literature explaining the factors that generate the main failures and clinical complications related to these fixed prostheses. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the survival of ceramic restorations and their associated factors. Therefore, an observational, retrospective and longitudinal cohort research was carried out to follow up different types of ceramic restorations installed in the last 10 years and made following the same clinical protocol. A total of 32 patients were evaluated, totaling 256 fixed prostheses, regarding the presence of failures or complications, type of ceramic system, whether the patients had a diagnosis of sleep bruxism and whether they used an occlusal splint and the type of cement used for cementation. Participants attended a clinical evaluation to analyze the integrity of the prosthesis, answered questions that address signs and symptoms of bruxism, such as tooth wear, muscle hypertrophy and indentations. Additional information about time and materials used to make the restorations was collected from the patients' medical records. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Science) 20.0 with the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact test, with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed success and survival rates of 84.37% and 96.1%, respectively. Considering the correlation with prosthetic failures, the male gender (p=0.017), the presence of sleep bruxism (p=0.004) and wakeful bruxism (p=0.009) had a positive influence. As for the interaction with prosthetic complications, the presence of sleep bruxism (p=0.040), the type of prosthetic piece (p=0.014) and the type of cement (p=0.043) were statistically significant. Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that ceramic restorations had high success and survival rates, ensuring the longevity of this type of rehabilitation. Sleep bruxism and awake bruxism are risk factors for ceramic restorations.

Bone tissue engineering is a relevant branch of regenerative medicine and involves the development of scaffolds with composition and architecture favorable to cell integration, in addition to studying factors capable of promoting cell adhesion and proliferation, including chemical and biophysical stimuli. The study aimed to evaluate the use of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) to promote in vitro biostimulation of osteoblastic cells cultured on polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibrous scaffolds. The scaffolds were produced by the electrospinning technique and characterized in terms of wettability, composition by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric characterization (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and crystallinity by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The biological assays were conducted with osteoblasts of the OFCOL II lineage cultured on the surface of the scaffolds and submitted or not (control group) to irradiation with InGaAIP diode laser at doses of 1, 4 and 6 J/cm², power of 30 mW, at wavelengths of 660 nm (R, red light) and 780 nm (IR, infrared). After irradiation, the effects of LLLI on osteoblast proliferation were evaluated using the Alamar Blue biochemical method at intervals of 24, 48, and 72h. Cell viability and morphology were analyzed at 72h, using the Live/Dead assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Data from the Alamar Blue biochemical assay showed more significant cell proliferation in groups R1 and R6, with R6 showing a significantly higher percentage of Alamar reduction compared to the control group at all intervals (p<0.05). Other differences between the control and irradiated groups were found only at intervals of 48h and 72h for R1 and 72h for IR6. The Live/Dead assay revealed an increase in cell viability in the laser-treated groups, significantly higher in the R1 group when compared to the control group. SEM analysis showed adequate interaction between osteoblasts and scaffolds in all groups, with the cell body spreading along the nanofiber axis, with more evident physical contacts being observed through the formation of bonds through filopodia and lamellipodia in groups R1, R6, and IR6, the same ones that exhibited proliferative highlights in the Alamar Blue assay. Taken together, the data from this study showed that LLLT promotes the biostimulation of osteoblasts cultured on PLA nanofibers, which points to its potential use in bone tissue engineering techniques.

During oral carcinogenesis, malignant cells acquire an aggressive phenotype that results in increased individual motility and the ability to invade surrounding tissues. Therefore, malignant epithelial cells develop a regulatory and programmed process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is crucial for the acquisition of this aggressive malignant phenotype. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of immunohistochemical expression of EMT signaling proteins in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), evaluating their respective associations with clinical-pathological parameters of prognosis. For the immunohistochemical study, 47 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia and 41 cases diagnosed as (OTSCC) were selected, in which the immunoexpression of the proteins Twist1, Snail1, E-cadherin and N-cadherin were analyzed. Possible associations between the expression pattern of these proteins with the histopathological gradation of epithelial dysplasias and with the clinical-pathological aspects, recurrence and survival in OTSCC were investigated. Different labeling patterns were observed between the analyzed groups, with a significant loss of membrane E-cadherin expression in cases of OTSCC compared to cases of oral epithelial dysplasia (p = <0.0001). A worse overall survival was observed in cases with low membrane E-cadherin expression (HR = 0.27; p = 0.033) and high cytoplasmic Twist1 expression (HR = 3.19; p = 0.010). When analyzing the expression intensity parameter alone, an association was observed between the high intensity of cytoplasmic N-cadherin and overall survival (HR = 4.93; p=0.006). Our findings suggest that loss of E-cadherin expression and increased expression of N-cadherin and nuclear transcription factors Twist1 and Snail1 are associated with the development and progression of oral carcinogenesis. In isolation, loss of membrane expression of E-cadherin and increased cytoplasmic expression of Twist1 and N-cadherin were associated with poorer survival.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity and constitutes a public health problem due to its high incidence and mortality rate caused in many cases by therapeutic failure and tumor resistance. Therefore, the search for new biologically active molecules stands out, such as those found in products of natural origin. This work aims to evaluate the antineoplastic activity of S-(-)-perillyl alcohol (POH) in cell cultures of tongue CEO and to analyze the probable mechanism of action on the antineoplastic activity of this phytoconstituent through molecular docking. For this purpose, two cell lines of tongue CEO were used, HSC-3 and SCC-25. The following groups were analyzed: G0 (control; cells cultured in the absence of POH), G1 (cells treated with 40 μM cisplatin), G2 (cells treated with 0.5 mM POH), G3 (cells treated with 1 .0 mM), G4 (cells treated with 1.5 mM POH) and G5 (cells treated with 3.0 mM POH). Differences between these groups were investigated through the following assays: cell viability (Alamar Blue and Live/Dead assay) and migratory activity (Wound healing). The prediction of the POH action mechanism on cell cycle control molecules were also performed using molecular docking using AutoDock 4.2 and Molegro Virtual Docker, v. 6.0.1. The data was statistically treated by GraphPad Prism 6.0 (GraphPad Software, USA), parametric analysis using Anova test, Tukey post-test and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical test, followed by Mann-Whitney post-test were adopted for determination of differences between the experimental groups. The significance index considered in this work was 5%. In the analysis of cell viability using Alamar Blue, for the cell line SCC-25, cell viability was significantly reduced in the 40 μM cisplatin, 0.5 mM POH, 1 mM POH, 1.5 mM POH and 3 mM POH groups (p<0.05), at intervals of 24 h and 48 h when compared to the growth control. In turn, in the 72 h interval, only the 0.5 mM POH concentration showed no statistical difference when compared to the control group (p= 0.35). For the HSC-3 cell line, there was a significant decrease in viability in the 40 μM, 1 mM, 1.5 mM and 3 mM cisplatin groups (p<0.01), in the time interval of 24h, 48h and 72h, when compared to growth control. Furthermore, for both strains, the 3 mM POH concentration presented the best results of viability reduction when compared to 40 μM cisplatin, in the intervals of 24 h for SCC-25 and 24 h (p<0.01) and 48h (p<0.01) for HSC-3. In the analysis of cell viability by the Live/Dead assay, for the cell line SCC-25, all experimental groups showed a significant reduction in the percentage of cell viability (p<0.001) when compared to the control group, since, for the HSC line -3, only the 0.5 mM POH group showed no statistically significant difference compared to the control group (p= 0.9663). As for the anti-migratory capacity of POH, for the SCC-25 strain, the 40 μM cisplatin, 0.5 mM POH and 1.0 mM POH groups had a statistically significant reduction in cell migration when compared to the control group, at 12 h, on the other hand, within 24 h, only cisplatin showed anti-migratory activity (p≤ 0.05). For the HSC-3 strain, the 40 μM cisplatin and 1 mM POH groups showed statistical differences compared to the control group (p≤ 0.05), at 12 h and 24 h intervals. The ability of the POH molecule to bind to proteins responsible for cell cycle activation was evaluated using docking models. Among them, the protein GTPase Kras showed the best binding energy (-86.70 kcal/mol), featuring hydrogen bonds with residues THR58 (A) and ASP57 (A) and steric bonds with residues TRY32 (A) and ALA18 ( THE). The evidence from this study supports the idea that POH has antineoplastic activity on the CEO, suggesting that this molecule may be a strong candidate for the development of drugs aimed at the treatment of this pathology.

Introduction: The management of patients with burning mouth is a challenge in the clinical routine. Objective: To compare the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the treatment of burning mouth. Methodology: Randomized clinical trial, consisting of 25 patients with burning mouth, of which 12 were allocated to the TENS group and 13 to the LLLT group. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to verify whether there was a significant difference between the times T0, T1, T2 and T3 in relation to symptomatology, investigated through the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and unstimulated salivary flow with TENS and LLLT interventions. Results: Most partients were female with a mean age of 59.25 years in the TENS group and 62.08 in the LLLT group. The VAS analysis showed a significant intragroup difference (p<0.001), and in the TENS group it occurred between T0xT1, T0xT2 and T0xT3, and in the LLLT group, between T0xT2 and T0xT3. There was a significant difference for VAS between the interaction of times with the analyzed groups (p=0.034), whose difference was found between the time intervals T2 and T3 (p=0.003), in which the VAS score decreased in the LLLT group and increased in the TENS group. The linear trend test in relation to unstimulated salivary flow showed a statistical difference intergroup between T1 and T2 times, since salivary flow increased in the TENS group and decreased in the LLLT group (p=0.052). Conclusion: TENS and LLLT were effective in reducing the symptoms of burning mouth during treatment sessions, and LLLT presented a better VAS score after treatment follow-up. Additionally, none of the therapies employed had adverse effects.

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) present remarkable clinical and biological complexity; therefore, many studies investigate the events involved in their progression. One of the dynamics involved in the tumor invasion of different types of carcinomas is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this process, epithelial cells undergo a transition to a mobile mesenchymal state, favoring invasion and metastasis. To acquire this phenotype, epithelial cells reduce the expression of E-cadherin and increase the expression of Twist1, Snail1, vimentin (VM), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In addition, myofibroblasts, located in the stroma, express smooth muscle alpha-actin (α-SMA) and are known to modulate tumor progression. Therefore, this research analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of some proteins involved in EMT in a series of SGTs cases; correlations among the biomarkers, as well as between the biomarkers and clinicopathological parameters were made. We selected 20 cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA), 20 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), 20 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), 10 cases of polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC), 10 cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) and 10 cases of carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA). E-cadherin, Twist1, and Snail1 were analyzed in tumor parenchyma, observing the percentage of positive cells (PP) using scores ranging from 0 to 4, and the expression intensity (EI), whose scores were ranged from 0 to 3. The evaluation of MMP-9 was performed in tumor parenchyma and stroma, also evaluating PP and IE, both based on scores that ranged from 0 to 3. The labeling for α-SMA and VM was analyzed in stromal cells. Positive cells for α-SMA were counted in 10 fields and the mean was calculated. VM was evaluated qualitatively, using 4 scores according to EI and whether the labeling was diffuse or focal. Obtained data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science, GraphPad Prism, and STATA software. The significance level of 5% was adopted for the statistical tests. Patients were mostly female, with a mean age of 49.8 years; the major salivary glands were the most affected anatomical site, mainly the parotid gland. A lower E-cadherin immunostaining was verified in PAs in comparison to malignant neoplasms of salivary glands (MNSGs). Low immunoexpression of Twist1 and Snail1 was observed in PAs. Regarding the nuclear expression of Twist1, it was found greater expression in malignant neoplasms than in PAs. Furthermore, Twist1 in the nucleus was correlated with cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin in MNSGs. Regarding clinicopathological parameters, this protein was statistically related to higher chances of death. Twist1 immunoexpression in cytoplasm showed loss of expression in CACs compared to MECs, PACs, and EMCs. Low immunoexpression of Snail1 was evidenced among the MNSGs. However, in the analysis of CACs, greater nuclear expression was observed in the solid variant compared to the others. Expression of MMP-9 in parenchyma showed a positive correlation with cytoplasmic Twist1 and Snail1nuclear in MNSGs. MMP-9 also showed a positive correlation when comparing its immunoexpression in the parenchyma and the stroma. VM was presented as a biomarker to be considered in the clinical evaluation of patients since it showed a significant correlation between greater tumor size and a higher frequency of death. Furthermore, the high expression of this protein appeared as an independent predictive factor for worse overall survival (OS) rates. The evaluation of the rest of the clinicopathological factors showed advanced clinical stages as an indicator of independent prognostic value for lower rates of OS. For disease-free survival, these indicators were the location in the minor salivary gland and the presence of distant metastasis. Our results suggest that the EMT may be related to myoepithelial differentiation in PAs and tumor progression in MNSGs. Also, Twist1 and MMP-9 appear to play a greater role in the scenario of EMT in MNSGs; finally, VM might be used as a prognostic value indicator.

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a highly underreported oral health problem. In addition, its diagnosis is complex and requires the use of valid and reliable instruments for use in epidemiological studies. Objective: To validate the Epidemiological Diagnostic Instrument for TMD (EDI/TMD), with applicability for national epidemiological studies. Methodology: This is a validation study, internal structure validity through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), reliability (internal consistency; interobserver and intraobserver), and convergent validity of the EDI/TMD were assessed using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) as the gold standards. Results:  Bartlett’s test (X2 = 734.645; p< 0,001) and the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO=0,746) measure of sampling adequacy was obtained. AFE showed tree factors (Muscle TMD, Joint TMD, and Differential Diagnosis) with all items having factor loadings > 0.4, which explained 73.3% of the total variance. Good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha= 0.775. Reliability ranged from substantial to excellent, reproducibility interobserver (Kappa=0.79-1.00, ICC=0.91-0.97, p< 0.001) and intraobserver (Kappa= 0.75-1.00, ICC=0.80-0.95; p< 0.001). The EDI/TMD total score showed valid and satisfactory diagnostic criteria according to the DC/TMD (Kappa= 0.906; p<0.001), with the ability to differentiate between individuals without and with TMD with a cut-off point of 4.9 (Sensitivity=1.0; Specificity=1.0; AUR=1.0); Mixed TMD with a cut-off point of 14 or more (Sensitivity=0.8; Specificity=1.0; AUR=0.987); and either Muscles TMD (Sensitivity=1.0; Specificity= 0.88; PPV= 0.89; NPV=1.0) or Joint TMD (Sensitivity=0.95; Specificity= 0.87; PPV= 0.83; NPV=0.96), with a cut-off point between 5-13.9, with the diagnosis obtained from the highest score in each factor (Muscles or Joint). Conclusion: The EDI/TMD is a valid and reliable assessment tool, with adequate and satisfactory psychometric properties, capable of diagnosing people with TMD and classifying the subtype of the condition (Muscle, Joint, and Mixed). Finally, the EDI/TMD is an important Brazilian questionnaire that should be used for TMD epidemiological surveys and in oral health services as a faster and simpler screening tool than the DC/TMD.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the type of adhesive system and aging on the wettability and bond strength of glass ceramics to resin cement. Lithium silicate (SL - Celtra Duo, Dentsply Sirona), feldspathic (FD - Vita Mark II, VITA Zahnfabrik) and polymer-infiltrated ceramic (PIC - Vita Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik) blocks were sectioned (N=96, 10 x 12 x 2 mm), included and randomly divided into 24 groups according to the factors: “Ceramics” (SL, FD and PIC), “Adhesive” (CONT–control without adhesive; C2P–conventional 2-step adhesive; C3P–adhesive conventional 3-step; UNV–universal adhesive) and “Aging” (SE-non-aged; CE-aged). After the ceramic treatment, cylinders (n=15, Ø = 2 mm and height = 2 mm) of resin cement (RelyX Ultimate, 3M ESPE) were made (4 cylinders/block) and half of the samples were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24h (SE) and half were subjected to thermocycling 10,000 cycles and storage in water at 37°C for 18 months (EC). Then, the samples were submitted to the shear bond strength test with wire (RUC - 100 KgF, 1 mm/min), failure analysis, contact angle measurement and interface analysis by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RUC (MPa) and contact angle data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and 1-way ANOVA, respectively, and Tukey (5%). Weibull analysis was performed for RUC. 2-way ANOVA revealed that the “Adhesive” factor was significant only for SL (p<0.0001) and FD (p=0.0079) ceramics. The Adhesive/Aging interaction (p=0.0015) and “Aging” (p=0.0008) were significant only for SL. For SL, after aging, the CE_UNV (22.18± 7.74CD) and CE_C2P (17.32± 5.86D) groups were lower than the control (30.30± 6.11A). Only the UNV group showed a significant decrease after aging. For FD, C2P had the lowest RUC in relation to the other groups. PIC showed similarity of RUC between all groups. The UNV contact angle presented the lowest value for SL (55.27°) and FD (51.34°). For PIC, C3P presented the highest angle (63.00°) and CONT the smallest (49.83°). Therefore, the application of an adhesive was not beneficial for ceramic-cement adhesion. Furthermore, the use of C2P and UNV after silanization of SL and C2P ceramics for FD should be evaluated with caution, as the bond strength was reduced compared to the control group after aging.

CAD/CAM technology allowed the stabilizing splints manufacture, however there are gaps about these devices' behavior in face of mechanical and biological variables that are still unknown. Thus, the objective of this project was to verify if the resins used in digital technology of milled and printed stabilizer splints can influence fracture resistance and microorganism adhesion, in relation to the resin applied in manufacture of conventional thermopolymerizable splints. The method included mechanical and microbiological steps, each one composed by Conventional (CG) (n=30), Milled (MG) (n=30) and Printed (PG) (n=30) groups, according to the method of preparation, each one having three subgroups (n=10) that varied the specimen thickness from 1 to 3 mm. In the mechanical step, the samples, in the form of 65 mm bars, were tested for fracture resistance in a universal testing machine, with load cell of 500 kgf and speed of 1 mm/min; in the microbiological step, the shape was in form of 15 mm diameter discs, subjected to micro-organism adhesion to the surface with exposure to Streptococcus mutans and kept for 24 hours at 35 °C in oven for successive CFU counting. Data were stored in SPSS 22.0 and statistical analysis used ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc. In the results of mechanical step ANOVA had identified statistically significant differences between the groups (p≤0,005), showing CG and MG had presented better results. Tukey´s post hoc had considered statistically significant difference between MG and PG (p=0,031), listing MG as superior. For the microbiological step, they did not show statistical differences between the groups (p>0.005) in any analysis. It was observed milled resins described superior results and/or close to the conventional technique one, for fracture resistance; and printed resins are superior in terms of microorganisms’ surface adhesion.

Background: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws is a benign lesion that exhibits varied clinical behavior, being classified as non-aggressive or aggressive. This research aimed to morphologically evaluate the cell cannibalism and the immunohistochemical expression of the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac) and ING5 in 19 cases of peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), 38 cases of CGCG (19 non-aggressive cases and 19 aggressive cases) and in 19 cases of giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone, as well as to analyze the association of cell cannibalism and this immunoexpression with the clinical behavior of these lesions. Methods: Cell cannibalism analysis was performed through the quantification of cannibal multinucleated giant cells (CMGC), while the analysis of H3K9ac and ING5 immunoexpression was performed quantitatively and semiquantitatively, respectively, in mononuclear cells and quantitatively in multinucleated giant cells (MGC) and CMGC. Data analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: A significant great amount of CGMC was observed in CGCG aggressive compared to non-aggressive CGCG (p = 0.044). There were no significant differences in the CMGC index between PGCG and non-aggressive CGCG (p = 0.858) and between aggressive CGCG and GCT of bone (p = 0.069). CGCG that exhibited rapid growth and tooth displacement and/or root resorption showed a great amount of CMGC (p = 0.035; p = 0.041, respectively). Aggressive CGCG showed higher immunoexpression of H3K9ac (p < 0.0001) and ING5 in MGC and CMGC (p < 0.05; p < 0.0001, respectively) when compared to non-aggressive CGCG. There was no difference in H3K9ac and ING5 immunoexpression between aggressive CGCG and GCT of bone (p > 0.05). A higher frequency of score 4 of ING5 was observed in mononuclear cells in all lesions. H3K9ac and ING5 immunoexpression were associated with aggressive characteristics in CGCG (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Aggressive CGCG shows a high CMGC index when compared to non-aggressive CGCC. Thus, its quantification can help to predict CGCG clinical behavior. The significantly higher H3K9ac and ING5 immunoexpression may reflect greater clastic activity and cell cannibalism induction in aggressive CGCG and, consequently, be associated with greater aggressiveness in these lesions.

This study aimed to identify the factors that influence the decision to replace a conventional mandibular complete denture by treatment with dental implants, as well as to evaluate satisfaction, quality of life and masticatory performance (MP) after rehabilitation with overdentures with a single implant in adapted and not adapted to conventional mandibular complete denture (PT). Initially, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 117 users of conventional complete dentures (PTs), who were evaluated for outcomes related to the denture (number of anterior mandibular PTs, time of use of the current denture, whether the dentures were made by a dentist and regarding regular use of the mandibular prosthesis) and regarding the period of mandibular edentulism, mandibular bone height and the patient's willingness to undergo implant therapy. Among these patients, 22 patients who were interested in undergoing therapy with implants were selected, being allocated by pairing into 2 groups: adapted to the mandibular prosthesis (PTA Group - "adapted to mandibular PT") and non-adapted (PTN Group - " not adapted to mandibular PT”). In each patient, a single implant was installed in the midline and after the osseointegration period, the mandibular prostheses were converted into overdentures. Masticatory performance was evaluated by the sieve method, mandibular bone height by paranoid radiographic measurement, satisfaction by quantitative scale with a validated questionnaire and the impact of oral health on quality of life by the OHIP-Edent-19 questionnaire. The chi-square test was used for data analysis and the prevalence ratios adjusted by means of multivariate Poisson regression, with a confidence interval of 95% in the second, for the statistical analysis in each group and between groups, non-response tests were used. -Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney parameters, with a significance level of 5%. Seventy-eight participants (66.7%) were interested in implant-supported mandibular PT, mean age 65.68±6.38, predominantly female.PM was not influenced by the choice of mandibular implant-supported PT. Preference for mandibular implant-supported PT was correlated with longer experience in mandibular PT (p=0.021) and was significantly associated with dissatisfaction regarding retention (p=0.005). After the implant intervention, all non-adapted patients became adapted. There was no difference between PTA and mandibular PTN for OHIP-Edent (p=0.276) and PM (p=0.222), satisfaction was significant only for the criterion “comfort in the lower arch” (p=0.043). For pre- and post-treatment comparisons with overdentures, the median total OHIP-Edent decreased significantly in both groups. In the intragroup comparison, this reduction was significant in PTA only for “functional limitation” (p=0.026), and in PTN in almost all domains, except “social dysfunction” and “disability” (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in overall satisfaction from 75.41 to 90.25 (p=0.012) in PTN and from 76.10 to 90.50 (p=0.007) in PTA. The parameters “chewing”, “adaptation”, “retention” and “comfort” in the lower arch were significantly different in both groups, and “gustation”, “phonation” and “pain” in the lower arch were significant only for the group not adapted (p<0.05). There was a significant difference for PM in PTN (p=0.002) and PTA (p=0.047) when comparing the type of rehabilitation. There was no correlation between PM and OHIP before and after rehabilitation (p>0.05). It can be concluded that the previous experience with conventional mandibular PT and the dissatisfaction with the retention of these, influence the will of rehabilitation with mandibular implant-supported overdenture, as well as, rehabilitation with overdenture on single implant presents itself as an alternative for patients not adapted to mandibular conventional PT, helping to accept the use of mandibular prosthesis, as well as proving a positive effect on satisfaction, quality of life and masticatory performance.

After the advent of bulk-fill resins, characterized by their use in a single increment, the restorative composite containing diatomite in its inorganic content appeared, marketed as Zirconfill®. However, the scarcity of data that scientifically validate the benefits of diatomite for the physical properties of this composite resin makes it imperative to carry out new studies, especially regarding the use of Zirconhill in semi-direct restorations, whose indication requires materials that support masticatory loads. Objective: To evaluate in vitro the base/top hardness ratio (B/T) and push-out bond strength (RU) between a composite resin containing diatomite and a bulk-fill composite resin after 24 hours and after 6 months of aging. in water. Materials and methods: Twenty-eight bovine incisors were used to produce conical dentinal cavities (4.8 mm major x 2.8 mm minor diameter x 4 mm depth) and C factor of magnitude 3.1. These cavity preparations (n=28) were restored with composite resins Filtek One Bulk Fill (BF) (3M ESPE) or Zirconfill (ZF) (BM4) through the semi-direct technique using the Scotchbond universal adhesive system (3M ESPE) and cement dual resin Relyx Ultimate (3M ESPE). The B/T analysis was performed with the aid of a Vickers microhardness tester and the RU was performed using the push-out test in a universal testing machine. All samples were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 hours or 6 months. The B/T and RU data were submitted to one- and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), respectively, with Tukey's post-test (p <0.05). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the composite resins in B/T. For the RU, analyzing each aging time separately, the ZF composite resin showed higher values than the BF resin. However, analyzing over time, there was no statistically significant difference for any resin.

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite the progress made in this area, researchers continue to search for molecular biomarkers that have predictive value in the prognosis of patients and allow the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this context, several studies have highlighted the role of the Hippo pathway for this purpose. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate whether the proteins related to the Hippo pathway, LATS2 and YAP1, have some influence on the OTSCC biological behavior. The sample consisted of 26 OTSCC cases and 8 normal oral mucosa cases as control. To morphologically assess the OTSCC, the gradations proposed by the WHO (2005) and by Almangush et al. (2014) were performed. The immunohistochemical profile of LATS2 and YAP1 was evaluated by scores (0-3), based on their immunoexpression in intracellular location (nucleus and/or cytoplasm) and epithelial distribution. Pearson's Chi-square, Fisher's Exact, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were performed for the analysis of the studied parameters. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. For all evaluations, values with p<0.05 were considered significant. High expression of LATS2 was observed both in normal oral mucosa and in most OTSCC, with no statistically significant difference. It was also possible to observe the increase in YAP immunoexpression in cases of OTSCC compared to the normal oral mucosa (p<0.001). The high expression of both proteins in most OTSCC suggests that other signaling pathways, in addition to regulating through LATS2, may be inducing the nuclear YAP expression in these tumors. It was also found that the LATS2 low expression was associated with lower rates of disease-free survival (p=0.039). Furthermore, YAP high expression was found associated with the BD model's high-risk classification (p=0.034), suggesting this protein immunoexpression may be associated with EMT and cell invasion in OTSCC. Therefore, it is concluded that the Hippo pathway can influence the OTSCC biological behavior.

Introduction: The midpalatal suture maturation (MPSM) is an important parameter to predict the rapid maxillary expansion (RME) success, but a cone-beam computed tomography is required for its evaluation.  A correlation between both the MPSM and cervical vertebrae (CVM) would allow predicting the success of rapid maxillary expansion by means of lateral cephalograms. Objective: To correlate MPSM stages with CVM stages using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and methods: A total of 195 CBCTs of skull of individuals of both sexes aged over 5 years old will be analyzed. The CBCT exams will be collected from the documentation file of Clínica Radiologia Odontológica Conceito, located at Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. An examiner will withhold the personal informations of patients and randomly assign the CBCT exams based on an electronically generated numerical sequence. Two other previously calibrated examiners will blindly and independently perform the subjective assessment of MPSM and CVM in each CBCT exam. For this, initially, standardization of head position of participants will be carried out in the CBCT exams. The MPSM stage will be assessed by observing the maxilla in the axial view. Depending on the anatomy of the midpalatal suture, maturation will be classified as A, B, C, D or E. On the other hand, the CVM stage will be assessed in the sagittal view of the cervical vertebrae. Depending on the morphology of C2, C3 and C4 vertebrae, maturation will be classified as stage CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, CS5 or CS6. The intra and interexaminer reliabilities will be analyzed using the Kappa’s Concordance Coefficient. On the other hand, correlation between the maturation stage of the palatal suture, the stage of maturation of the cervical vertebrae and age will be performed using the Spearman Correlation Test. The stages of MPSM and CVM distribution was calculated through the relative and absolute frequencies in individuals distributed in different age groups. 

This study sought to identify whether there is a difference in the cheek region through three-dimensional photogrammetry after bilateral oral lipectomy. This is a quasi-experimental clinical trial on oral lipectomy. Fifteen patients were operated on, totaling 30 oral lipectomies. A photographic protocol for three-dimensional photogrammetry was performed in two operative stages, T0: preoperative and T1: 10 months postoperatively. The mouth opening, body weight, the amount of fat removed in grams and milliliters; and visual analogue pain scale, were collected. Through the Google® Form, dental specialists evaluated the photographs. The quantitative evaluation of the subzygomatic region was performed using the GOM inspect® program using a color map and millimeter measurements in the cheek region. Spearman's coefficient and the Wilcoxon test were used. There was a moderate negative correlation between the amount of fat removed on the right side and the tissue change that occurred in zone 2, with p <0.046, revealing a statistically significant difference. The Wilcoxon test revealed a statistically significant difference in all zones between T0 and T1. The professionals' success rate on T0 and T1 was 69.86%. Three-dimensional photogrammetry was able to quantify the changes in the cheek region after the oral lipectomy, which despite being millimetric, were perceived by professionals. The subzygomatic area in zone 2 and 5 appears to be the region that decreases the most after CAB removal.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biomaterial with diverse biomedical applications and has been a promising scaffold in tissue engineering mainly due to its biocompatibility, easy manipulation and low cost. Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) has been shown to be a powerful tool to promote in vitro biostimulation in several cell types. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation with LLLI on the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSC) cultured on PLA scaffolds. PLA films were produced by solvent casting method and the surface topography was evaluated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). hPDLSC were isolated, characterized and cultured on the PLA films. Two groups were evaluated: Control - non irradiated; and Laser - irradiated with diode laser (InGaAIP) with wavelength of 660 nm, power of 30 mW, and a single dose of 1 J/cm² with radiation emitted continuously. Cell viability analyzes were performed 24 and 48 hours after irradiation using the the Alamar Blue biochemical assay and Live/Dead assay. Cell cycle events were assessed by flow cytometry and cell-biomaterial morphological interaction was evaluated by SEM. The films produced showed a flat and regular surface, with the occasional presence of small pores and an average roughness of 59.381 nm. The results of Alamar Blue assay showed a greater cell metabolic activity in irradiated group compared to control at 24 (p<0.05) and 48 h (p<0.001), which was confirmed in the Live/Dead assay by a higher density of viable cells in the Laser group. In the analysis of the cell cycle, the Laser group showed an increase of cells in the G2/M phase compared to the Control group (p <0.001). SEM images showed a higher cell density in the irradiated group, with maintenance of cell morphology and projections. Taken together, the findings of this study demonstrated that photobiomodulation has the ability to increase the viability and proliferation of periodontal stem cells cultured on PLA scaffolds, which may contribute to the development of new studies using this protocol in periodontal tissue engineering.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process that has been widely studied in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), however, it is still rarely evaluated in lip carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunoexpression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, TGF-β and Snail proteins in actinic cheilitis (AC) histopathologically diagnosed as epithelial dysplasia, and in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC). The immunoexpression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, TGF-β and Snail was semiquantitatively analyzed in 54 cases of ACs and 49 LLSCCs. Aiming at association of immunohistochemical findings with clinicopathological variables and overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival rates, cases were classified into low expression and high expression categories. No statistically significant associations were observed with any of proteins analyzed with degree of severity of epithelial dysplasia in ACs. The most aggressive morphological parameters showed significant associations with low E-cadherin membrane expression and α-SMA network/spindle immunostaining pattern, while low expression of this protein showed significance with less aggressive morphological parameters. TGF-β and Snail proteins did not reveal significant associations with morphological parameters. Regarding clinical parameters, it was found that low expression of α-SMA in stroma of tumor front and low expression of TGF-β in tumor buds were significantly associated with LLSCCs with better clinical behavior, while α-SMA network/spindle pattern significantly indicated worse clinical behavior. There were no significant associations between immunoexpression of E-cadherin and Snail with clinical parameters evaluated. Associations of protein immunoexpressions among studied lesions revealed significant results for an increase in cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin in LLSCCs, reduction of α-SMA in ACs, reduction of TGF-β in LLSCCs and increase of Snail in ACs. Survival analysis revealed that high α-SMA expression in tumor front stroma, its network pattern and high TGF-β expression in tumor buds were significantly associated with worse survival parameters in LLSCCs. The results of present study suggest that immunoexpression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, TGF-β and Snail proteins in ACs do not indicate differences in degree of histopathological severity of these lesions, while in LLSCCs it was found that their more aggressive behavior was associated low expression of membrane E-cadherin, high expression of α-SMA and its network pattern and low expression of TGF-β in tumor buds.

The potential for squamous cell carcinoma invasion requires phenotypic modifications in the parenchymal cells so that they acquire the ability to survive and invade the tumor microenvironment. This process of phenotypic modification is called epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), which is crucial for the acquisition of this aggressive malignant phenotype. In this process, the epithelial cells lose part of their characteristics and acquire others inherent to the mesenchymal cells, in a controlled manner, inducing by various transcription factors, conferring, in addition to the aforementioned abilities, stem cell characteristics, resistance to anti-neoplastic treatment and angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin, Shh e, Gli-1 proteins, signaling TEM, with clinicopathological characteristics of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). The immunoexpression of these proteins was analyzed in 42 cases of OTSCC, in a semiquantitative way, in the neoplastic cells of the tumor invasion front and in the cells that make up the tumor budding. OTSCCs were classified as low and high protein expression. Aiming at the association of immunohistochemical findings with clinicopathological variables and survival rates, cases were classified into low expression and high expression categories. Initially, statistical differences between the histopathological gradations of malignancy by Almangush et al. (2015) and that of Boxberg et al. (2017) regarding clinical parameters. Both, the gradations showed similar categorization for OTSCC cases, were able to categorize the tumors, however, the gradation by Almangush et al. (2015) showed a better association with clinical parameters, highlighting tumor size (p=0.013) and the outcome of death (p<0.01). The immunohistochemical analysis revealed a predominance of low membrane expression of E-cadherin, with a statistically significant association with lymph node involvement (p=0.042). The expression of Shh was quite variable and had no statistically significant associations. Gli-1 had a prevalence of high expression, showing significant relationships with clinicopathological parameters, such as the occurrence of lymph node involvement (p=0.024), clinical stage of the tumor (p=0.016), depth of invasion (p=0.015), activity of tumor budding (p=0.033), smaller size of the tumor nest (p=0.020) and degree of differentiation (p=0.033), the last four being associated with tumor budding. Some correlations between markers were found, such as the positive correlation between the cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin with Shh (p=0.030) and the immunoexpression of Gli-1 in the cytoplasm/nucleus with Shh (p=0.041). Statistical analysis evidenced the absence of significant associations between immunohistochemical variables and OTSCC prognostic indicators. The findings of this study suggest the expression pattern of E-cadherin, Shh and Gli-1 in OTSCC, in addition to indicating a better clinicopathological association with the malignancy gradation of Almangush et al. (2015). However, the expression of these biomarkers may not be related to patient survival. In addition, no significant differences were observed between the expression of the proteins studied in tumor budding when other cells in the invasion front were evaluated, suggesting a similar cell phenotype for both. The results of this study indicate that the analyzed morphological grading systems proved to be effective in identifying cases of more aggressive OTSCC, with greater emphasis on the one proposed by Almangush et al (2015) and, in relation to the immunohistochemical findings, the results suggest that the lower membrane expression of E-cadherin and the high nuclear/cytoplasmic expression of Gli-1 were associated with the clinical parameter of worse prognosis

The family of inhibitors of growth (ING) corresponds to a group of tumor suppressor genes whose expression is altered or absent in several types of cancer. The products of these genes are mainly related to cellular processes indispensable in carcinogenesis, including cell proliferation, DNA replication and repair. This study evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of ING3 protein in 45 actinic cheilitis (AC) and 48 lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (CCELI) specimens. Protein expression was compared between the two groups of samples, as well as with the clinicopathological parameters of studied lesions, using Fisher's exact tests, Kruskal-Wallis (KW), Mann-Whitney (U) and correlation test of Spearman. A significance level of 5% was adopted for all tests, with values of p ≤ 0.05 being considered significant. No statistically significant associations were found between morphological variables of CCELI and tumor size, lymph node involvement, clinical staging, local recurrence, and lymph node metastasis after treatment (p>0.05). Deaths were significantly more frequent in tumors with a high histopathological risk score (p<0.05). In ACs, significant differences in nuclear-cytoplasmic and restricted to the cytoplasm expression of ING3, with gradation of Kujan et al. (2006) were found (p<0.05). In CCELIs, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing ING3 expressions (nucleocytoplasmic and cytoplasmic restricted) with clinical and morphological parameters (p>0.05). Nucleocytoplasmic ING3 expression was significantly lower in CCELI when compared to AC cases (p<0.05) and cytoplasm-restricted expression was significantly higher in CCELIs (p<0.05). Our results suggest that there is a remarkable decrease in ING3 nuclear expression according to malignant progression, indicating an impaired tumor suppressor function of this protein in AC and CCELI. However, it is believed that, in lip carcinogenesis, ING3 is better characterized as a promising biomarker of malignant transformation, rather than a predictive marker of tumor biological behavior.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lyophilized hydrolyzed collagen sponge biomaterial (Hemospon®). A controlled, randomized, blinded clinical study was conducted. Eighteen extractions were performed, where the treated alveoli were randomly selected and divided into two groups G1 (test) and G2 (control) with 9 alveolus each. The alveolus were analyzed in the horizontal and vertical directions by means of cone beam computed tomography, before and after 30 days of surgery, and the tomographic results were evaluated using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests, assuming a statistical significance of p <0.05. In addition to tomographic analyzes, tissues were clinically evaluated for possible complications. From the results it was found that in a joint analysis assessing height (p <, 0.863), total length (p <1,000) and total thickness of the socket (p <0.222), no significant differences were observed between the test and control groups, respectively . Evaluating the parameters independently of the groups for alveolus height (p <0.012) and total alveolus thickness (p <0.001), significant differences were observed, but not in the analysis of alveolus length (p <0.107). In a separate analysis of the parameters for each test and control group, statistically significant differences were observed for the total thickness in the test group (p = 0.008), while for the alveolar height (p = 0.086) and total alveolar length (p = 0.123) significant statistical differences were observed. In general, clinically there was no difference between the groups regarding tissue healing in relation to inflamed gingival tissues and bleeding. No socket evolved with suppuration. It is concluded that the alveoli treated with Hemospon® had smaller bone losses, mainly in relation to thickness, which can be a biomaterial potential for alveolar preservation and was clinically satisfactory in the gingival tissue healing process, with no complications. However, a longer period of tomographic and clinical follow-up is suggested.

ERSION.

Objective: To analyze the effect of different photoactivation protocols on shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic brackets (monocrystalline and polycrystalline) bonded to enamel and on the degree of conversion (DC) of an orthodontic resin using the high-power photoactivator Valo Cordless® (Ultradent). Methodology: 80 crowns of bovine incisors were randomly distributed in 8 groups (n=10), 40 from Group 1 (monocrystalline brackets) and 40 from Group 2 (polycrystalline brackets). After the surface treatment with phosphoric acid (15 seconds) and Primer Transbond XT® (3M Unitek), ceramic brackets were bonded to the tooth enamel with Transbond XT® resin (3M Unitek) using 4 different photoactivation protocols according to the factors "photoactivated faces" (center/vestibular; mesial/distal and cervical/incisal) and "photoactivation time" (3 or 6 seconds). The shear test (100KgF, 1mm/min) was performed after storage of the samples for 4 months (distilled water, 37°C). Using the same photoactivation protocols, 80 resin discs (0,1 mm thick and 5 mm diameter, on average) were made for DC analysis. The SBS (MPa) and DC (%) data will be evaluated descriptively and through Student's T-test, two-way ANOVA and the Tukey test. The union failures will be classified according to the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI), analyzed descriptively and through the Kruskal-Wallis test.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of adding different levels of calcium hydroxide on the durability of bonding to dentin and the release of calcium from experimental self-etch adhesives systems. Methods: Four adhesives systems were formulated from the components UDMA, HEMA, GDMA-P, TPO, diphenyl iodonium, ethanol and water with different mass fractions of calcium hydroxide: 0% (control), 1%, 2% and 4 %. For the calcium release test, disks (5 mm in diameter x 1 mm in thickness) were made (n = 4) and immersed in distilled water. Calcium concentration was measured after 3h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 144h and 168h using a spectrophotometer. To analyze the durability of the dentin bond, 24 third molars (n = 6) were used. The middle third dentin was exposed, the adhesive systems were competent and 2 increments of composite resin and photoactivated. After 24 h of immersion in distilled water, the toothpicks were cut. Half of them were submitted to the bond strength test by micro traction in a universal testing machine (OM-150) and the other half stored in distilled water for 12 months for subsequent assessment of the bond strength. The bond strength data were statistically obtained through the ANOVA 2-factor tests and Tukey's post-test (p <0.05). The eluate pH was analyzed descriptively. In the bond strength test, there were statistically significant differences between storage times (p = 0.001). Only the material containing 2% of calcium highlighted a statistically significant increase in bond strength after 12 months of storage in water. The others maintained statistically similar values between storage times. All adhesive systems released calcium amounts below 1 ppm. Therefore, the inclusion of 2% calcium hydroxide in self-etching adhesive systems is an alternative to increase the longevity of the dentin bond.

The antimicrobial action of the hydroethanolic extract of Spondias mombin L. is already known in the literature against several microorganisms, including when placed against Candida genus fungi. In addition to the antifungal activity, it is essential to investigate the antibiofilm activity of substances, since these fungi can accumulate and become part of the biofilm present in the oral cavity of individuals, causing local and systemic problems, with clinical relevance. Knowing this, this study aimed to investigate the antifungal and antibiofilm action of the hydroethanolic extract (EH) of Spondias mombin L. and its fractions, against fungi of the genus Candida, of clinical importance. For this, the minimum inhibitory concentration tests were carried out using disks and the microdilution technique in microplates, minimum inhibitory concentration of adhesion, determination of the fungal death curve and antibiofilm activity of the fractions of phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannin, against the fungi Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida Krusei and Candida Glabrata, using nystatin (100,000 IU) as a positive control, in triplicate. It was seen that the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of EH and its analyzed fractions present satisfactory results, however, when we compare the fractions with EH, the latter presented better activity and when we draw the comparison between the antifungal and antibiofilm action of the tested substances and the control group, we had better results than the control group against the tested fungi. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the hydroethanolic extract with all its compounds together present superior results of antifungal and antibiofilm activity compared to the fractions of this extract tested separately and that this extract had very similar results to the control group.Palavras-chave: Anacardiaceae; Fitoterapia; Candidíase Bucal.

This study aimed to draw an epidemiological profile of dentistry professionals in the State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), in relation to COVID-19 infection during the pandemic. A virtual census was made available to dentists (CD), dental hygiene technicians (THD) and dental assistants (ACD), with active enrollment in the Regional Board of Dentistry of RN. An electronic questionnaire (Google form) was used as a data collection instrument, sent through the official email of the CRO-RN, message transmission list of the WhatsApp application, by SMS-type messages and posted on social networks of the entity. Data collection referred to the period from February 2020 to March 2021. A total of 567 professionals answered the questionnaire with an average age of 36.67 years (SD=9.56). In the sample, 515 were CD and 52 were THD/ACD, having presented an index of contamination by COVID-19 in this period of 25.74% of the sample. Contamination was higher in the ACD/THD group with 37% and lower in the CD with 25%. Considering only the professionals who believe that the contamination occurred due to their work activity, the values reach 10.1%, practically twice as much as the population in Brazil and in the state of RN that was contaminated in the same period of collection. In the search for significant associations between professional performance and workplace with positive tests for COVID-19, it was observed that working in the high west region (p=0.011) was a risk factor, as well as not being satisfied with the training (p=0.0001) and have few years of graduation (p=0.015). Significant associations were also noted between clinical characteristics and positive tests for COVID-19. Being younger (p=0.005) and single (p=0.040) are associated with testing more positively. Regarding the impact on income, there was a significant association with place of work, with the private sector being most affected (p<0.0001); with training, most affected dentists (p<0.0001), with downtime, 1-3 months the most affected (p<0.0001). Assessing time without working, a significant association with private work was observed, with a higher frequency of professionals who responded that they returned to work with less than 3 months (p<0.001). Therefore, COVID-19 in the period analyzed had an impact on the dental profession, with significant financial repercussions and its contamination rates were more related to less scientific training in the profession, whether for dentists without postgraduate courses as well as for ACD /THD. The age factor also showed that contamination occurred with more relevance, however it was not possible to confirm whether this association is directly related to professional performance. From a strategic point of view, the lack of PPE, especially PFF2 masks, disposable aprons and training, proved to be a risk factor for the contamination of these professionals, being an important tool in prevention.

An outbreak of a new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) was identified in Wuhan Province, China in late 2019. SARS-CoV-2, spreads through infected droplets in a person's respiratory system, and causes a respiratory disease called Covid-19 (Coronavirus Disease, 2019). Its clinical behaviour, which in some patients manifests with mild or moderate symptoms, and in others with the development of an important respiratory infection, has instigated many studies. Although risk factors such as age, sex and comorbidities have been highlighted as one of the risk factors that increase morbidity and mortality due to Covid-19, there are still patients without these factors that progress to serious conditions. The oral cavity has been identified as one of the gateways for SARS-CoV-2, and its possible role as an aggravating factor in the infectivity and progression of the viral infection and has been controversial. A retrospective cohort study was carried out with data obtained from 274 medical records of patients with COVID-19 on admission, with seven days and with 14 days to analyse the occurrence of oral alterations and relate them to the severity of the infection. A total of 154 patients with oral alterations and 120 without alterations were found. Of the 154 patients who presented oral changes on admission, 39 achieved remission within 7 days, 54 patients achieved remission within 14 days, and 61 maintained oral changes until the end of the study. Of the 120 patients who did not present oral changes on admission, only 2 developed oral changes within 7 days and these died. The most frequent oral alteration was ulcer in the three collection times (T0: 43.8%, T1: 33.6% and T2: 21.2%). The most prevalent altered biochemical analyses among patients were red blood cells, platelets, leukocytes, bleeding time, TGP, TGO, albumin, creatinine, CRP, urea, d-dimer and leukocyte-lymphocyte ratio. The chi-squared significance found for the occurrence of oral lesions on admission was not being diabetic and not taking medication for the digestive system. For the period of 7 and 14 days, it was observed that the patient was not diabetic, did not take medication for the digestive tract, did not die and was not transferred to the ICU. For the period of 14 days, it was detected that the patient who did not develop an oral lesion had a normal BMI, was not cardiac and was not taking medication for the cardiovascular system. Cox's multivariate analysis revealed that he did not use medication for the digestive system and metabolism (HR: 2.18; 95%CI: 1.13-4.22) and did not present systemic arterial hypertension (HR: 1.78; 95%CI %: 1.13-2.79) are prognostic factors for remission of oral changes in patients with COVID-19.

Introduction: temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is understood as a set of clinical problems involving the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures, with several forms of conservative treatments. Objective: to evaluate the influence of conservative treatments craniopuncture, laser acupuncture therapy, occlusal plaque, counseling and manual therapy on pain, anxiety and depression symptoms and quality of life in patients with TMD. Material and methods: diagnosed through the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD), eighty five (85) patients with TMD were randomly divided into five treatment groups: laser acupuncture therapy (LA) (n=15), craniopuncture (CR) (n=15), occlusal plaque (PO) (n=19), counseling (AC) (n=16) and manual therapy (TM) (n=20). Thus, they were evaluated before starting therapy, after one month and three months of treatment using the DC/TMD and regarding anxiety, depression, quality of life and pain, using the questionnaires, Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL), Impact of Oral Health on Quality of Life (OHIP-14) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The data obtained were analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) 22.0 with the Friedman test between times and Wilcoxon post-test, as well as the Kruskal Wallis test between groups with Mann Whitney post-test. Results: It has been observed a statistically significant difference between the groups in the assessment of pain by the VAS at one month (p=0,001) and three months of treatment (p=0,005), in the assessment of anxiety symptoms by the BAI one month after the therapy (p=0,000), on the impact of oral health on quality of life by OHIP-14 with three months of treatment (p=0,008), with more favorable results for the groups treated with PO and TM. It has been noticed a significant improvement over time in pain by VAS for PO (p=0,003), AC (p=0,003), CR (p=0,032) and TM (p=0,000); in anxiety symptoms by BAI for PO (p=0,003); in the depressive symptoms by BDI for PO (p=0,024), AC (p=0,022) and TM (p=0,006); on quality of life by WHOQOL-general for TM (p=0,004) and on the impact of oral health on quality of life by OHIP-14 for PO (p=0,001), AC (p=0,015) and TM (p=0,001). Conclusion: in general, PO and MT stood out in relation to the other groups in most parameters, but all groups improved over time in some parameter evaluated, except for LA. Therefore, the use of the evaluated conservative therapies is recommended, except for LA, in the treatment of TMD.

Stage III – IV grade C periodontitis in young patients has a more destructive character of periodontal support tissues and has impact on loss of teeth, masticatory function and worse response to treatment. The Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has become as a promising alternative, adjuvant to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) of this disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of adjunctive PDT on the non-surgical treatment of stage III – IV, grade C Periodontitis, through the analysis of periodontal clinical parameters (Visible Plaque Index (VPI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Bleeding on Probing (BP), Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), Gingival Recession (GR), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) and Tooth Mobility (Mob)) as well as to assess their impact on quality of life (QoL) of the patients through Oral health-related quality of life(OHRQoL) questionnaire. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-one subjects particpated in this controlled randomized, double-blind trial, in a split-mouth design divided into quadrants. All the patients were treated with oral hygiene guidance, scaling and root planing through Full Mouth Disinfection(FMD) and systemic anbiotics. The four quadrants were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: group (FMD), group 2 (FMD + PDT in a single session), group 3 (FMD + PDT in four sessions), and group 4 (FMD + laser therapy with infrared light in four sessions). Assessments were made at baseline and an average of 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: There was an improvement in clinical parameters with significant reduction of PPD, CAL and BoP for all therapies as well as Mob for FMD, FMD + PDT 1 session and FMD + PDT in 4 sessions groups. Stratification of the baseline pockets in PPD = 5mm and PPD ≥ 6mm showed that, for PPD ≥ 6mm, FMD + PDT in 4 sessions had a greater reduction of PPD (p = 0.005) and CAL (p = 0.001) in relation to FMD group). Regarding QoL analysis, there was a significant increase in the OHRQoL (p = 0.001) and in the physical (p < 001), social (p = 0.027) and psychological (p = 0.005) domains after treatment. CONCLUSION: FMD therapy associated with systemic antibiotic therapy, with or without addition of PDT, showed significant improvement of the clinical periodontal parameters and, in deeper pockets, PDT in 4 sessions showed better results. Furthermore, stage III - IV grade C Periodontitis reflected negatively on the QoL perception, however, NSPT had a positive impact on it.

Malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGT) are rare, heterogeneous lesions with a variable prognosis. Mammalian cells are subject to thousands of spontaneous changes in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule. The apuric or apyrimidic endonuclease protein 1 (APE1) and the X-ray crossover complementation protein 1 (XRCC1) are two important components of the base excision repair pathway (BER), and the complementation factor protein F of the xeroderma pigmentosum (XPF), the nucleotide excision repair pathway (NER). This study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of APE1 and XRCC1 proteins of the BER pathway, and XPF of the NER pathway, in a sample of primary tumors of acinar cell carcinoma (ACC), polymorphic adenocarcinoma (PAC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). A total of 62 MSGT were included, corresponding to 14 ACC, 15 PAC, 16 AdCC, and 17 MEC. The tissue sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry for APE1, XRCC1 and XPF. The cells of the tumor parenchyma were quantitatively evaluated, using photomicrographs of 5 fields (in 400x magnification), by a single evaluator. Immunoreactive cells were those with brownish color in the nucleus, regardless of intensity. Immunomarked and negative cells were counted in the 5 fields, establishing the percentage of positive cells in relation to the total number of cells counted. In addition, it was established whether the nucleus or nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, inferring whether the location was predominantly uni or bicompartmental. Statistical tests included Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's correlation, as well as the log-rank for comparison of the overall survival built through Kaplan-Meier method. Significance was set at p<0.05. All selected MSGT scored for APE1, XRCC1 and XPF. There was no difference between the expression of APE1 and XPF among the studied tumors. For XRCC1, however, there was a significant difference between PAC and MEC (p=0.032). Nuclear labeling of APE1 was statistically higher in the selected MSGT (p<0.0001). There was a statistical relationship between APE1 and T1-T2 tumors in the AdCC (p=0.006), as well as an increase in XPF in patients with MEC over 60 years (p=0.015) and AdCC in a minor salivary gland (p=0.012), although reduced in patients treated with surgery associated with adjuvant therapy in ACC and AdCC (p=0.036 and p=0.020, respectively). The low expression of XRCC1 (p=0.028) or the expression of concomitant XRCC1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm (p=0.017) were associated with a lower overall 5-year survival rate. Finally, the Spearman correlation test demonstrated a positive correlation between APE and XRCC1 in all MSGT analyzed, although the correlation among the three proteins (APE1, XRCC1 and XPF) was observed only in AdCC and MEC (p<0.05). This study demonstrated high expression of the repair proteins APE1, XRCC1 and XPF in ACC, PAC, AdCC, and MEC, which may suggest regulatory activity of these proteins in MSGT. 

Odontogenic cysts and tumors are heterogeneous lesions that originate from some remnant of odontogenesis. Among these, the dentigerous cyst (DC), the odontogenic keratocyst (OK), the ameloblastoma (AM) and the adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) are odontogenic lesions of epithelial origin that present several biological profiles and are the target of constant investigations. Among stem cell markers, the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family has been used in studies in several neoplasms and its high expression was associated with some clinical characteristics of these neoplasms. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence, quantity and distribution of tumor stem cells, through the immunohistochemical expression pattern of the ALDH-1 protein in odontogenic cysts and tumors of epithelial origin. The sample consisted of 80 cases (20 DCs, 20 OKs, 20 AMs and 20 AOTs). The evaluation was carried out by a single evaluator at two different times, using the immunoreactivity scoring system, considering the percentage of positive cells, as well as the intensity of the immunostaining, using scores from 0 to 3. The final score was determined by the formula ''Immunoexpression score = intensity × percentage of cells '', being defined as low expression the scores from 0 to 4 and high expression the scores from 6 to 9. Also, the expression of that protein in the stroma was analyzed in tumor and cystic capsule, with 0 = negative and 1 = positive. In all variables, the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) and Mann-Whitney (U) non-parametric tests were performed with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). The immunoexpression of ALDH-1 showed nucleus-cytoplasmic marking, mainly in the cells of the tumor parenchyma and cystic epithelium. When comparing the lesions, in relation to the medians of the obtained scores and the expression pattern and intensity of immunoexpression of ALDH-1 in the epithelial component of the lesions, a significantly higher expression of ALDH-1 in OKs was demonstrated in comparison to AMs (p<0.0001) and TOAs (p <0.0001). Higher expression of ALDH-1 was observed in DCs compared to AMs (p <0.0001) and TOAs (p <0.0001). When evaluating stroma and cystic capsule, immunoreactivity was observed in all cases of odontogenic cysts studied and in 85% and 90% of AMs and TOAs, respectively. The expression of ALDH-1 in the odontogenic lesions studied suggests the presence of stem cells in them, highlighting the odontogenic cysts that presented higher epithelial expressions compared to tumors.

INTRODUCTION: Odontogenic cysts are known for their growth potential and bone resorption of gnathic bones, ranging from indolent to aggressive, regardless of their histogenesis, linked to the epithelial, ectomesenchymal and / or mesenchymal remnants of odontogenesis. Most of these lesions have controversial pathogenesis, which is why they stimulate numerous investigations on the possible relationship between the odontogenic epithelium and the development of these lesions. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the different patterns of proliferation of odontogenic epithelium in odontogenic cystic lesions with more aggressive behavior, through the analysis of the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) immunoexpression and the SOX 2 transcription pathway in the control of the cell cycle phases (cyclin D1 ) in aggressive odontogenic lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample for convenience consisting of 31 cases, 10 cases of recurrent odontogenic keratocysts (COs) isolated, 10 cases of botryoid odontogenic cysts (BOC) and 4 cases of odontogenic cysts glandular (COG). RESULTS: When analyzing statistically with the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests; P <0.05 was considered significant. The highest expression of positive cells for cyclin D1 was observed in the suprabasal layer of odontogenic keratocysts (P <0.001) and in the basal and suprabasal layers of COGs (P <0.001), and portions of COBs (P> 0.001). There was no statistical difference between recurrent and non-recurring COs. In addition, all cases of COs, COBs and COGs were positive for EGFR in all layers of the cystic epithelial lining. COBs and COGs showed negativity for SOX 2 while COs found high expression of SOX 2 in the suprabasal layer. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclin D1 implies cell cycle disorders in G1-S phases, reflecting the aggressiveness of COs and COGs. The overexpression of EGFR demonstrated in COs, COBs and COGs suggests that the combination of cytoplasmic and membranous cytoplasmic is indicative of the proliferation potential of the epithelial lining. The high standard of SOX 2 expression in CO can also explain the aggressive nature of the lesion and are responsible for the presence of numerous child cysts responsible for its high rate of recurrence. The CSC subpopulation presents itself as a reason for recurrence to COs, due to the self-renewal and pluripotency properties of these cells.

The thyroid is an endocrine gland that can be affected by several lesions, including reactive, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Evidence shows that the immune response, from the release of inflammatory cytokines by immune and non-immune cells, plays an important role in the development of several diseases. Among these cytokines, IL-17 and IL-23 stand out, which have been associated with the pathogenesis of several thyroid diseases. Hence, this research aimed to evaluate the immunoexpression of IL-17 and IL-23 proteins in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), follicular adenomas (FAs), colloid goiters (CGs) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HTs) (isolated and associated with PTCs or GCs), in order to better understand the role of these cytokines in these entities. The sample consisted of 30 cases of PTCs, 10 FAs, 15 CGs and 15 HTs. The analysis of protein immunoexpression in follicular/tumor cells was semiquantitatively performed in all lesions, which were classified into three scores: 1 (≤ 33%), 2 (> 33% - 66%) and 3 (> 66%). For the evaluation of immunopositive lymphocytes, five fields with the greater number of positive lymphocytes were selected, where the count was performed. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis (KW), Mann-Whitney (U) and Spearman (r) tests, with the significance level set at 5% (p < 0,05). In the analysis of IL-17 between lesions, a higher immunoexpression was verified in the HT lymphocytes compared to FAs and CGs (p=0.041 and p=0.013). In the evaluation of IL-23, a higher immunostaining of follicular/tumor cells in HTs was detected in relation to PTCs (p=0.002), as well as, a greater expression of this cytokine was observed in the lymphocytes of HTs compared to PTCs, FAs and CGs (p=0.001; p=0.023 and p=0.003). In addition, statistically significant correlations between the immunoexpression of IL-17 and IL-23 were observed in both follicular/tumor cells and lymphocytes (r=0.539; p=0.038 and r=0.522; p=0.046). It is therefore suggested that IL-17 and IL-23 influence the pathogenesis of these thyroid lesions and that in some of them, they represent the TH17 response.

The Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic immune mediated mucocutaneous disease and relatively common in the oral mucosa. Several researches have been carried out with the intention of identifying pathogens of this lesion, since it is still unknown, standing out as research that uses oxidative stress biomarkers. Among these biomarkers, there is an 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which is generated after oxidative damage in DNA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative damage to DNA in the OLP through the immunohistochemical expression of 8-OHdG, to verify the possible involvement of this biomarker in the pathogenesis of this lesion. An immunoexpression of anti-8-OHdG protein was evaluated in a semi-quantitative way in 46 cases of OLP and 17 samples of clinically normal oral mucosa and with statistical analysis data using Kruskall-Wallis and Mann Whitney non-parametric tests, with level of significance established at 5% (p> 0.05). When analyzing an immunoexpression of 8-OHdG in the erosive and reticular forms of OLP and normal oral mucosa, there was a trend of greater nuclear immunoexpression of 8-OHdG was observed in erosive OLP, compared to reticular OLP and normal oral mucosa. However, the Kruskall-Wallis non-parametric test did not show statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.088). There was also a trend of greater intensity of marking for 8-OHdG in cases of reticular and erosive OLP, when compared to the normal oral mucosa, although no statistical significance was found (p = 0.085). In relation to symptomatology, greater immunomarking was observed, both cytoplasmic and nuclear (p = 0.004 and p = 0.016, respectively) of 8ÓHdG in symptomatic cases, in comparison with asymptomatic cases. The results of this study show a strong immunohistochemical expression of 8-OHdG in OLP, suggesting the role of pathogenic oxidative stress in this disease; however, the absence of a statistically significant difference in this expression when compared to a normal oral mucosa demonstrates that this oxidative stress marker is not indicated as a biomarker for OLP.

Actinic cheilitis (QA) is a potentially malignant disorder that can progress to lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC). It is not yet well established which factors may be associated with the probability of malignant transformation of this condition, even though it is known that exposure to ultraviolet radiation is its main risk factor, as well as for LLSCC. Ultraviolet radiation causes oxidative damage to DNA, which leads to the formation of 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a protein that is associated with the process of carcinogenesis in some human neoplasms. This research aimed to evaluate the expression of 8-OHdG in a series of QA cases and to associate its expression with clinical-pathological parameters. The sample consisted of 57 cases of AK, classified according to the histopathological gradation of epithelial dysplasia (WHO) into mild epithelial dysplasia (22), moderate epithelial dysplasia (17) and severe epithelial dysplasia (11). Seven cases of AQ that did not present epithelial dysplasia were also included. The analysis of the expression of 8-OHdG was performed in a semi-quantitative way by two examiners, calibrated and trained (Kappa = 0.79). The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the non-parametric Mann-Withney and Kruskall-Wallis tests, with a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). The results revealed a strong immunohistochemical expression of 8-OHdG in QA, suggesting the participation of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this disorder. According to the immunoreactivity score, weak immunoreactivity was observed in 21.1% of the sample, moderate immunoreactivity in 14% and strong immunoreactivity in 64.9%. The statistical tests did not show statistically significant differences between the expression of 8-OHdG and the clinical aspects of QA; there was also no statistical significance between the expression of 8-OHdG and the degree of epithelial dysplasia in the sample (p = 0.350). Based on these results, we conclude that 8-OHdG may be involved in the development of AK, however it is not indicated as a biomarker to assess its degree of severity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic administration of paracetamol 500 mg / codeine phosphate 30 mg (PACO) associated with the topical postoperative application of a desensitizer in reducing tooth sensitivity during and after in-office tooth bleaching. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized, controlled, triple-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted, in which 40 volunteers ingested PACO (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) prior to the procedure, and their hemiarchies received application of topical desensitizer (Desensibilize Nano P - NP) and prophylactic paste (PAS), totaling four groups: PACO/NP, PACO/PAS, PLA/NP and PLA/PAS. Participants underwent two tooth bleaching sessions (35% hydrogen peroxide) with two 20-minute applications in each session, and the desensitizer/prophylactic paste was applied after the procedure for five minutes, according to the manufacturer. In sessions, medication was administered to participants one hour before the procedure and every six hours for 48 hours. The referred sensitivity level was obtained at each session and daily for seven days using the millimetric Visual Analog Scale. Statistical analysis was performed for the variables immediate global sensitivity (IGS), global sensitivity (GS) and daily sensitivity (DS) through the ANOVA tests at 1 and 2 factors followed by the Tukey post-test (p<0.05). RESULTS: For IGS and GS, there were statistically significant differences between therapeutic managements, whose PLA/PAS group showed an average of at least 2 times greater compared to the PACO/NP group. For DS, greater sensitivity intensity was observed on the 8th day, followed by the 1st day. CONCLUSION: In-office tooth bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide with systemic administration of PACO associated with the topical postoperative application of Desensibilize Nano P was able to reduce the level of tooth sensitivity.

Periodontal disease is a multicausal inflammatory process. The Renin-Angiotensin System, whose main modulator is Angiotensin II, is related to electrolyte balance and inflammation. An angiotensin II interacts mainly with two receptors, type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2). This study aimed to perform a volumetric and linear analysis of the maxilla in an experimental model of periodontal disease: influence of angiotensin II receptors AT1 and AT2. Six groups were used, three controls and three experimental, with ten animals each, using three different lines of mice: wild (WT), knockout AT1 and knockout AT2. Periodontal disease was induced through ligation, with 5.0 nylon thread, and after fourteen days the animals were identified by euthanasia. Bone loss was assessed using volumetric and linear analysis using MICRO-CT. In order to analyze whether genetic variations, influence on the phenotypic characteristics of bone tissue, analyzes of the spine and femur of the animals of the three strains used were analyzed. The results obtained from the spine showed a smaller difference in bone density between the WT and AT1 groups (p <0.05). Regarding the number and separation between the trabeculae, there was a difference between the groups WT and AT1 (p <0.01) and WT and AT2 (p <0.05), for both analyzes. There was no significant difference between the knockout strains. The model used was effectively generating bone loss and altered differences between controls and patients (WT and AT1: p <0.001; AT2: p <0.01). In the analysis of the maxilla there were no significant differences between the lines that were submitted to periodontal disease. The knockout of the genes of angiotensin II receptors promoted changes in the bone phenotype of the animals, with these groups having a reduction in bone density and quality. The exclusive presence of the AT1 receptor did not induce greater bone loss, nor did the exclusive presence of the AT2 receptor be shown to be protective, but it seems to be determinant for bone metabolism.

Peri-implant mucositis is an inflammatory condition without loss of bone tissue, which occurs in the soft tissues around the implant. Non-surgical treatment combines basic periodontal therapy with or without the use of chemical agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the active oxygen (Bluem®) as a chemical adjuvant in the non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis. Twenty implants in 9 patients were ramdomly treated, 9 in the test group (Bluem®) and 11 in the control group (placebo), in individuals rehabilitated with dental implants. Peri-implant clinical parameters of visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and keratinized mucosa were evaluated at baseline and one and six months. For the statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney, Friedman, Wilcoxon and Fisher's Exact tests were used with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that there was a statistical decrease for full mouth VPI (56.81% to 27.27%) and full mouth GBI (32.95% to 28.41%) of the test group; full mouth VPI (42.86% to 15.18%) and full mouth GBI (31.25% to 2.32%) of the control group; Implant VPI in the control group (21.42% to 0%); probing depth for the test group (2.83mm to 2mm) and BOP for the control group (33.33% to 16.67%). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups. It can be concluded that Bluem can be used as a chemical adjuvant in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis.

Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD) consists of a complex condition, which has a multifactorial etiology and presents varied symptoms, in addition to a certain difficulty in its diagnosis. Objective: The study aims to compare the diagnoses of a new anamnesic instrument for TMD, based on a clinical protocol, and to evaluate its sensitivity and specificity. Methods: The present study consists of the evaluation of a new anamnesic diagnostic instrument, consisting of 12 items about TMD signs and symptoms, based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC / TMD) - considered standard-gold for TMD diagnosis. The study sample consisted of 50 individuals waiting for care in the TMD and Orofacial Pain sector of the Department of Dentistry at UFRN, Natal - RN. The instruments used were applied by a single examiner previously trained. The data were organized and analyzed by the SPSS program, using the Chi-square and Kappa for sensitivity and specificity, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: The analyzed data demonstrated that the new diagnostic tool for TMD obtained a good agreement with the DC / TMD and sensitivity, but little specific.

INTRODUCTION: The incorporation of filler particles in composite resins has the role of improving their physical and mechanical properties, providing greater resistance to restorations. Many composites have nanoparticles incorporated into their composition, such as quartz, zirconia, silica and, more recently, diatomite, which is a sedimentary rock rich in silica. The addition of these nanoparticles seeks to increase the surface area and promote greater interaction with the organic matrix. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate bond strength (RU), failure pattern (PF), polymerization depth (PP), flexural strength (RF) and elastic modulus (ME) of conventional and single-increment composite resins with addition zirconia and diatomite in semi-direct restorations. METHODS: Trunk-cone cavities with high C-factor (2.2) were created in dentin of bovine incisors (N = 68). Semi-direct restorations (n= 17) were made using resins: Bulk Fill (BF) (3M ESPE®), Z250 XT Resin (Z250XT) (3M ESPE®), Zirconfill Resin (ZF) (BM4®) and Z350 XT Resin ( Z350XT) (3M ESPE®), cemented with RelyX Ultimate self-etching dual resin cement (3M ESPE®), then the RU and PP tests were performed. For the RF and ME tests, using a silicone matrix, standard toothpicks (10mm x 1mm high x 2mm) were made for each tested resin (n = 10). RESULTS: For RF and ME Z250XT obtained a statistically higher value than ZF. For RU and PP, no statistically significant differences were found between the study groups. CONCLUSION: The addition of zirconia and diatomite nanoparticles did not influence the RU and PP of conventional and single-increment composite resins, however in the RF and ME tests there was a difference between the resins, where the resin with diatomite added lower values.

The incidence and prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) characterize them as a public health issue, becoming necessary to create adequate public policies in the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of these conditions in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop an easy to apply diagnostic tool, to be validated, allowing an epidemiological survey regarding TMD prevalence in the Brazilian population. This is a study of instrument construction, which followed the steps of evidence of validity. The instrument is divided into two parts: a questionnaire and a clinical protocol. The instrument was based on pre-existing instruments in the literature and on the clinical experience of the research group responsible for this study. The instrument went through the Validity Evidence Based on the Content and on the Response Process steps. As a result, there were 3 versions of the instrument. The first comprising a questionnaire with 09 questions and a 12 items clinical protocol; after the content validation phase, the instrument was condensed to 5 questions and 8 items clinical protocol (2nd version). The 2nd version was validated by the response process and the number of items was maintained, but some instructions for the future surveyor were included. Thus, the product of this study is a diagnostic instrument entitled Epidemiological Diagnostic Instrument - IDE / DTM.

The study evaluated the conventional occlusal splint (PC) and the one made by milled CAD / CAM (PF) in patients with sleep bruxism regarding their surface roughness and their sleep quality. Materials and Methods: A pilot study was composed of two groups: PC; N = 5 and PF; N = 13. The selected patients were evaluated for the presence of bruxism and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQUI-BR). Occlusal splints were made, occlusal adjustments were did and surface roughness was evaluated after 15 and 60 days of installation. For the analysis of roughness, the most posterior contact point on the splint and the canine guide region were considered bilaterally, so the splint had four points of analysis, two anterior and two posteriors. Analysis was performed using CCI MP non-contact 3D optical profileometer; the data were obtained and analyzed using the Taysurf CCI software (Taylor Hobson). Results: at time 0 (t0 = 15 days) the PC group showed higher roughness in the two analyzes (Sa = 34.71 and Ra = 32.82) than the PF group (Sa = 29.72 and Ra = 26, 13). After evaluation at time 1 (t1 = 60 days), the mean roughness of the CP group was lower (CP, Sa = 28.8; Ra = 25.69), while the PF group presented (Sa = 32.4; Ra = 29.1).. Conclusion: The PC group showed higher surface roughness when compared to the PF group, for the Sa and Ra analyzes at t0, but when observed at t1, the roughness of the PC group was lower.

Purpose: Evaluate effects of propolis, royal jellies comparing to low-intensity laser photobiomodulation therapies on an animal model of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced Oral Mucositis (OM). Material and Methods: It is an In vivo, experimental, controlled and blind study. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n=18): control (no treatment), photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) (intraoral laser 6 J/cm²), propolis gel (P) and royal jelly (RJ). On days 0 and 2, animals received an intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU. On Days 3 and 4, the buccal mucosa was scratched. Therapies were initiated on Day 5. Six animals per group were euthanized on Days 8, 10, and 14. Phytochemical analysis of P and RJ were performed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Clinical analysis was performed using photography and histopathological (Hematoxylin / Eosin) evaluation was based on re-epithelization and inflammation scores. Immunohistochemical (pAKT, p-S6 and NFκB) and oxidative stress studies (Superoxide Dismutase-SOD, Glutathione reduced- GSH and Malonyldialdehyde-MDA) were investigated. Results: TLC analysis revealed the presence of compounds such as terpenes, saponins, essential oils and flavonoids in P and a high amount of sucrose (Rf 0.34) in RG. On days 8 and 10, the animals of PBMT, P and GR groups showed clinical improvement of OM and accelerated healing with lower morphological scores, increased immunoexpression of pS6 proteins (except on day 10), pAKT (p <0.05, ANOVA and Tukey test) and NF-kB transcription factor (Mann Whitney test; p <0.05) when compared to the group control. On day 14, group P increased the GSH antioxidant levels when compared to the control group (p <0.05, ANOVA and Tukey test). Conclusions: Our results showed that P and GR, as well as PBMT with intraoral laser, are effective therapies in the treatment of OM. The presence of sugars in GR and flavonoids, terpenes and essential oils in P justifies the excellent wound healing action and its anti-inflammatory effects. The presence of sugars in the GR and flavonoids in the P justifies the excellent wound healing action and its anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, the propolis-treated group exhibited better oxidative stress reduction characteristics in 5-FU-induced OM in rats when compared to the other treatment groups.

Fibro-osseous lesions of maxilar (FOLM) is a non-specific designation for a group of disorders characterized, morphologically, by replacement of bone tissue by a matrix of fibrous connective tissue, showing neoformation of bone tissue with varying degrees of mineralization. Precise diagnosis of FOLM is not easy, and requires careful analyisis of clinical, radiological and histological aspects.  Even so, some cases still challenge accuracy in diagnosis.  Considering  the diversity of biological behaviour of the lesions and the research regarding identification of potential molecular markers, this study aims to perform  immunohistochemical analysis of crypto-1 and β-catenin in a series of cases diagnosed microscopically  as fibrous dysplasia (FD) (n=30), central ossifying fibroma (COF) (n=28) and osteossarcoma (OS) (n=5), stored in archives of Oral Pathological Anatomy Service of a Brazilian population. Immunohistochemical expressions were analysed through imunorreactive score. All data obtained was inserted into a file of Microsoft Excel^® software (Microsoft Corporation, USA) and then transferred to a database of SPSS^® for Windows software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences; IBM, USA), version 20.0. For all statistical tests used, the significance level established was p ≤ 0.05. CR-1 showed a predominant pattern of strong positive in COF and OS cases, and a moderate positive in FD cases (p<0,001). β-catenin showed a predominant negative pattern for COF and FD cases, and a predominant strong positive pattern for OS cases (p=0,001). Spearman correlation tests showed positive correlation of the imunoreative scores of CR-1 and β-catenin. Those results suggests CR-1 could be involved in the pathogenesis of COF and OS, and this protein could be used as a potential molecular biomarker for diferential diagnosis of FOLM.

Objective: to evaluate, through a controlled, randomized and double-blind clinical trial, the clinical performance of posterior single monolithic crowns made of two types of ceramics, as well as the impact of rehabilitation on patients' aesthetic satisfaction and quality of life. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients who received 36 crowns were included in this study. All patients signed an informed consent form. The teeth under rehabilitation were allocated using a simple draw between the groups: Control Group: (LD- lithium disilicate) and Experimental group (PIC -Vita Enamic). Photographic, radiographic, and clinical information records were collected before, during, and after rehabilitation. The crowns of each group were assessed for clinical survival rate (modified USPSH criteria), aesthetic satisfaction (visual analog scale - VAS), quality of life (Oral Impacts on Daily Performances - OIDP), and type of failures (biological and technical). Data collection was performed by a single examiner calibrated and blinded to the type of material, at the follow-up times T0 (before the start of treatment), T1 (1 month), T2 (6 months), and T3 (12 months). The OIDP and USPHS criteria were analyzed descriptively. Aesthetic satisfaction was analyzed with the Man-Whitney/Friedman test/Wilcoxon post-tests. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier followed by the log-rank test. The level of significance was set at (5%). Results: 36 crowns were placed on 20 patients with a mean age of 47.17 years (± 13.91), with 22 (56.4%) crowns from the control group (LD) and 14 (35.9%) for the group experimental (PIC). The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a survival rate of 83.5% for PIC and 86.2% for LD with no significant differences between them (P>0.05). Four failures were recorded, 2 in each group, two detachments after 1(PIC) and 6 months (LD), a tooth fracture (LD), and grade III mobility after (PIC) 12 months of follow-up. There was no significant difference in aesthetic satisfaction between the control group and the experimental group (Mann-Whitney, P>0.05). Aesthetic satisfaction was significantly higher after 1 (T1), 6 (T2), and 12 (T3) months when compared to baseline (T0) (Friedman test - P <0.05). Rehabilitation with single crowns had a positive impact on patients' quality of life. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that single monolithic crowns of PIC and LD presented a good clinical, aesthetic performance and with a positive impact on patients' quality of life after 12 months. A longer evaluation period is needed to draw more conclusions.

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of the digital workflow using chairside and laboratory-based CAD / CAM systems regarding the precision of occlusal and proximal contacts in lithium disilicate crowns. Lithium disilicate crowns were produced (n = 50) and divided into the following groups: CEREC Bluecam (n = 10), CEREC Apollo Di - CAI (n = 10), 3Shape Trios - (n = 10), CEREC InEos X5 - (n = 10) and 3Shape D900 / Wieland-Zenotec (n = 10), being the first three groups chairside CAD / CAM systems and the last two, laboratory-based CAD / CAM systems. For the contacts evaluation, virtual crowns were projected and digital images of occlusal and proximal contacts were captured by the software systems and paired with real crown images after milling and checking the contacts with carbon. The images were randomly inserted into a software and evaluated by 3 blinded and calibrated evaluators. The Kruskal-Wallis Test and the Mann Whitney Post-test with Bonferroni corrections (0,0083) were used for the comparison of the proximal contacts while ANOVA and Tahame Post-test were used for the comparison of the occlusal contacts. After cementation, an evaluation of the interproximal contact points between crown and adjacent teeth, using dental floss was also performed. Occlusal contacts were also analysed. ANOVA test and Tukey's post-test were used for the quantitative analysis of the different systems regarding occlusal contacts and the Chi-square for qualitative assessments. There was a significant difference regarding the distribution of occlusal contacts between the different systems (p <0.001), with a better result in the chairside systems. The qualitative evaluation also showed a significant difference. In clinical analysis of interproximal contacts, using dental floss, 50% of the crowns had contact deficiency, with no contact point. Only the TRIOS system produced 75% of their crowns with satisfactory quality. Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that chairside systems showed better fidelity than InLab systems. There was a deficiency in the proximal contacts of 50% of the evaluated crowns and only 3Shape Trios system presented promising results.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between expression of proteins of the ING family and expression of protein p53 in dental follicles, odontogenic keratocysts, adenomatoid odontogenic tumors and ameloblastomas. The sample was intentional and non-probabilistic, consisting of 20 cases of ameloblastomas, 20 cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, 20 cases of odontogenic keratocysts and 10 samples of dental follicles. The specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical method, using antibodies anti-Ing1, anti-Ing2, anti-Ing3, anti-Ing4, anti-Ing5 and anti-p53. Quantitative analysis was performed taking into account the cytoplasmic and / or nuclear location for the ING proteins and the nuclear location for the p53 protein. The data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS version 22.0; IBM, USA). The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the immunoexpression between the groups of lesions, and the Spearman test was used to investigate the correlations. Values of p ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. The results of this study showed a reduction in ING3 expression in ameloblastomas (p = 0.003); a reduction in ING4 expression, in odontogenic keratocysts (p = 0.02) and in ameloblastomas (p = 0.001); and a reduction in the ING5 nuclear expression, also in odontogenic keratocysts (p = 0.09) and in ameloblastomas (p = 0.012). Positive correlations were found between p53 nuclear expression with ING1 cytoplasm / nucleus expression (r = 0.603; p = 0.05) in odontogenic keratocysts, and with ING3 cytoplasm / nucleus expression (r = 0.475; p = 0.034) and also ING4 cytoplasm / nucleus expression (r = 0.448; p = 0.047) in ameloblastomas. Finally, this study provided evidence that reduction INGs expressions seems to be an event involved in the etiopathogenesis of more aggressive odontogenic lesions, and that the nuclear / cytoplasmic expression of ING1, ING3 and ING4 is related to the lower p53 expression in odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas, which indicates that these proteins seem to influence the cell cycle in a p53-dependent manner in these lesions.

Objective: Evaluate objectively and subjectively the influence of prosthetic abutment on esthetic of single implants.

Materials and Methods: A blind, non-randomized controlled trial was performed. Fourteen implants were provisionally rehabilitated with a titanium prefabricated prosthetic component (GT) and 10 implants with a provisional preparable prosthetic component (GP). In both groups, tissue conditioning (TC) was performed using the non-surgical gradual pressure technique and peri-implant aesthetics were assessed before and after this process, using the Pink Esthetic Score (PES). PES was also applied on homologous tooth of rehabilitation. Aesthetic satisfaction was analyzed using the visual analog scale (EVA) after the conditioning process. Clinical data on the gingival mucosa were also collected.

Results: Peri-implant aesthetics before and after TC, as well as patient satisfaction was similar between groups, p> 0.05. Significant differences were found for PES values before and after TC, and for comparison with the homologous tooth in both groups, p <0.05. The tissue conditioning process was not influenced by the implantation time, loading time and peri-implant biotype, p> 0.05.

Conclusion: The prosthetic intermediary did not influence neither the tissue conditioning process nor patient satisfaction. The tissue conditioning step is able to improve the peri-implant aesthetic results, however, the gingival aesthetics of the natural teeth is still significantly greater.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of 37% carbamide peroxide used for office technique compared to 35% hydrogen peroxide. METHODS: Controlled, randomized, double-blind, split-mouth, 45 volunteers participated in two groups, G1 control group: side that used 35% hydrogen peroxide and G2 experimental group: side that used 37% carbamide peroxide. The volunteers underwent three bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide and 37% carbamide peroxide in a single application of 40 minutes and a seven day interval between each session. Sensitivity values were obtained with the visual analog pain scale. Color was measured before and after each bleaching session. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired Student T test and ANOVA 2 factors with Tukey test. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the immediate global sensitivity of hydrogen peroxide when compared to carbamide peroxide (p<0.05), between bleaching gels for color changes in the same time period (p <0,05). CONCLUSION: Dental bleaching in the office using 37% carbamide peroxide resulted in a reduction in the level of tooth sensitivity without compromising clinical efficacy related to color and long term duration when compared to 35% hydrogen peroxide.

Objective: to evaluate the influence of diamond burs wear used to mill zirconia structures by the CAD/CAM system on the zirconia surface. Methods: 201 specimens were milled, using pre-sintered zirconia blocks, with dimensions of 8mm in diameter x 1,5mm in height by means of CAD/CAM technology (Amann Girrbach, Koblach-Austria). The sample milling process was performed using a set of three diamond burs, which were used until the end of useful life of 1.0 diamond bur, controlled by CAD/CAM system. After the milling process, the sintering process was carried out, followed by the polishing process, using mounted stones. The diamond burs were evaluated in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the milling process. Samples were also evaluated in SEM after the milling process. In addition, the surface roughness of the samples was evaluated using a non-contact optical profilometer to assess their topographic characteristics. Results: the SEM analysis of the diamond burs showed that at the end of the milling process, the diamonds of active zone were reduced. The SEM evaluation of the specimens showed similar surface grooves characteristics from the first to the last specimen. Optical microscopy revealed a Ra variation of 0.47 to 2.48 μm, with a mean roughness of 1.60 μm. Conclusion: The wear of the diamond burs during the milling process did not influence the surface roughness of the zirconia. However, the surface roughness obtained by the CAD/CAM milling process exceed the clinical acceptability threshold (0.2 μm).

INTRODUCTION: Phytotherapy aims to prevent and cure diseases or minimize their symptoms. It presents advantages as an affordable cost to the population and public health services as well as great availability of raw material. It also has a wide spectrum of pharmacological actions that include, among others, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anxiolytic and healing activities. OBJECTIVE: To investigate tooth surface changes regarding cajá (Spondias mombin L.) extract. METHOD: Thirty human teeth were sectioned (6.0 x 6.0 mm) preserving the proximal surfaces. Dental fragments were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 per group) according to the substances: hydroethanolic extract (31,25 mg/ml), 0.12% chlorhexidine and distilled water. Each fragment was immersed in the respective substance for 1 minute, twice daily for 14 days. Before and after the immersion, color analysis, wettability, roughness (Ra) and morphology as well as the pH levels of the substances were investigated. Data were analyzed statistically by means of ANOVA (one and two factors) and Tukey test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between color in the different substances. Cajá extract and 0.12% chlorhexidine presented significant differences (p <0.001), while distilled water showed no statistical differences (p> 0.005). Regarding wettability, there was no statistically significant difference between Cajá extract (p>0.005), 0.12% chlorhexidine, and distilled water (p>0.005). For roughnes, there was no statistically significant difference between the analyzed substances (p>0.0005). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the substances and immersion time (p <0.0001). The mean pH of the hydroethanolic extract of cajá and 0.12% chlorhexidine is 2.95 and 6.5, respectively. CONCLUSION: pH of the extract of S.mombin L. is acid of the chlorhexidine is neutral. The wettability of the hydroethanolic extract of cajá was as good as 0.12% chlorhexidine. Color changes were observed after the immersion in hydroethanolic extract of cajá and 0.12% chlorhexidine. Roughness of the analyzed dental fragments remained unchanged after the immersion protocols. Scanning electron microscopy showed no difference in the enamel surface between the solutions tested.

Different photosensitizers have been proposed in the use of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). In addition, aPDT has been suggested as a possible adjuvant to basic periodontal therapy. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant aPDT to the basic periodontal treatment of periodontal clinical parameters in patients with periodontitis using two photosensitizers: Chlorine-Aluminum Phthalocyanine (AlClPc) and Methylene Blue (MB). Material and Methods: this randomized, double - blind, parallel trial evaluated 35 patients: 9 in the control group (SRP only), 15 in the test group 1 (SRP + aPDT - AlClPc) and 11 in the test group 2 (SRP + aPDT - MB). Each patient had between 2 or 3 diseased periodontal sites (PS≥5mm), in a total of 117 sites. The aPDT for the two test groups was applied once only after the completion of the SRP sessions. Visible plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), depth of probing (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated before treatment at T0 and after 3 months (T3) times and 6 months (T6). For the intragroup analysis, a Kruskall Wallis test was performed, and the applied test was Mann-Whitney; already for intergroup analysis, Friedman's test was applied with post-test of Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney.

One of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in individuals aged 60 years and over is bone fracture as a consequence of osteoporosis. It is known that low bone mineral density (BMD) is a risk factor for these fractures, with bone densitometry being the gold standard test for the diagnosis of  BMD. Since the exam is expensive and not accessible for most of the Brazilian population, alternative methods such as radiomorphometric indices obtained by the panoramic radiographs analysis have been used to aid in the early identification of the low BMD, acting as a possible screening of patients with high risk of osteoporotic bone fracture. In this perspective, this research aimed to evaluate the risk of bone fracture in the elderly through the validated FRAX (fracture risk assessment tool) algorithm, as well as to measure the radiomorphometric indices in panoramic related to the BMD of these patients. It is an observational cross-sectional and association study, in which the association between the radiomorphometric indices and the FRAX tool. The sample consisted of elderly men and women who underwent digital panoramic radiograph at the Dental Imaging Service of the Department of Dentistry of UFRN, through which the radiomorphometric indexes were evaluated by an experienced radiologist. A clinical questionnaire was applied, verified weight and height, and calculated the risk of osteoporotic bone fracture. In the sample of 70 elderly, the median age was 68.5, there was a predominance of women in the sample (67.1%), the median risk of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) was 4,2 (%),hip fracture (HF) risk was 1.3 (%),the mental index (MI) had a mean of 3.29 mm. The mean of panoramic mandibular index was 0.40 and the most prevalent cortical qualitative classification was moderate erosion (C2), in 57.1% of the cases. The intraclass correlation (ICC) performed with the panoramic radiographs exhibited high agreement. Through the Pearson's correlation test it was verified that MI, age of menopause and time of menopause were correlated with the risk of MOF.The time of Menopause also correlated with HF risk. The other independent variables analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test showed no association with the risks of MOF and HF. The results allow to conclude that mandibular cortices with thinner thicknesses measured on panoramic radiographs by radiologists, can perform as a radiographic finding for higher risks of osteoporotic bone fracture in the elderly attended at the Department of Dentistry of UFRN.

Objective: To determine the frequencies of periodontal and peri-implant conditions as well evaluate the prosthetic conditions in subjects who were underwent to the rehabilitation treatment with dental implants at Department of Dentistry in Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte in the last 18 years, after an interval of seven years that they were attended. Methodology: A longitudinal study was performed in which 155 patients underwent periodontal and peri-implant clinical exams in 2012 (baseline). Seven years later, 35 patients returned to a new evaluation of the following parameters: plaque and gingival b indexes, periodontal and peri-implant bleeding, periodontal probing on pocket depth and peri-implant probing, gingival retraction, clinical attachment level, keratinized mucosa, implant mobility, suppuration and radiographic examination was performed to observe the presence of supracrestal exposure of the implant threads and misfits between implant/abutment and abutment/prosthesis. Regarding the prosthetic conditions, the type of prosthesis, fixation, design and defects that appeared during the evaluation interval were evaluated. The association between the independent variables and the dependent variable was evaluated using the Pearson's Chi-square test and the Fisher's exact test, at a significance level of 95%. Results: The frequency of periodontal diseases was 34.3% for gingivitis and 51.4% for periodontitis. Peri-implant mucositis was the most frequent diagnosis (54.3%) and peri-implantitis presented a frequency of 28.6%. The most frequent prosthetic defects were porcelain fracture (11.4%), screw loosening (8.6%), loss of retention (8.6%) and loss of screw coverage resin (8.6%). Conclusion: Periodontal and peri-implant maintenance therapies are extremely important for the patient, as long as the time interval between clinical appointments is reduced, in order to reduce the chance of periodontal / peri-implant disease or prosthetic failure and improve the condition of the patient.

Objective: To evaluate the short-term effect of laser acupuncture compared with counseling, occlusal plaque, and physiotherapy treatments on pain, anxiety, and depression in TMD patients. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed with patients with TMD, diagnosed by the TMD (RDC / TMD). 60 patients were randomly allocated to four distinct groups: counseling (AC), Occlusal Plaque (PO), physical therapy (PF) and laser acupuncture (LA) and were evaluated at baseline, and at 1 month after therapy. To evaluate anxiety, HADS, BAI, and STAI were used. For depression was BDI and HADS. For pain, VAS was used. The Kruskal-Wallis test with a 95% confidence level was used for intergroup analysis. The Mann-Whitney post-test, to verify where was the difference found between the groups. And the Wilcoxon signed rank test for analysis between the times analyzed. Results: There was a significant reduction in pain symptomatology between the PF versus AC (p = 0.004) and PF versus LA (p = 0.006) groups. Regarding anxiety symptoms, there was a statistically significant reduction over time only in the FP group, by the BAI (p = 0.09) and by the STAI-E (p = 0.042). In depressive parameters there was a statistically significant difference over time by BDI in the PO (p = 0.044) and LA (p = 0.009) groups. Between groups there was a statistically significant difference by BDI, between PO versus LA (p = 0.004), and PF versus LA (p = 0.005). And by HADS, between FP versus LA (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that laser acupuncture was not effective in reducing the painful symptoms, anxiety symptoms and depressive parameters of patients diagnosed with TMD.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the resistance in cyclic fatigue of three types of single file reciprocating systems: WaveOne Gold Primary (25 / 0.07), WA1 file (25 / 0.07) and X1 Blue (25 / 0.06), made of nickel-titanium alloys with different surface thermal treatments, and compare Reciproc All and WaveOne All programs, regarding the fatigue life of the three systems tested. Methods: A sample of sixty instruments measuring 25 mm long, with a D0 diameter of 0.25 mm and an approximate conicity of 0,07 mm/mm, was divided into two groups. Each group contained thirty instruments, being ten of each mechanized system. One group was tested in the Reciproc All program and the other one in the WaveOne All of the Silver Reciproc motor (VDW). The resistance to Cyclic fatigue was tested by measuring the time and number of cycles which the instrument performed in an extremely curved stainless steel artificial channel (angle 86° and 6 mm radius) until fracture was reached. The fractured surfaces of the fragments of three instruments, one of each system, randomly chosen in each group, were examined with a scanning electron microscope. The results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the F and Turkey tests with significance levels of 5%. Results: The 1 File instrument had a longer fatigue life, both in the Reciproc All program and in the WaveOne All program, than the other two systems tested (p < 0.05). WaveOne Gold Primary presented a cyclic fatigue life longer than the X1 Blue file in the two tested programs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The WA1 instrument presented higher resistance to cyclic fatigue in severely curved channels when used in both Reciproc All and WaveOne All programs than WaveOne Gold Primary and X1 Blue File systems. The Reciproc All program presented better results for life cycle in rotating flexion for the three reciprocating systems tested when compared to the WaveOne All program.

Periodontitis and type II diabetes are chronic and worldwide high prevalent conditions with a bidirectional relationship between them. Due to this relationship, the proposition of auxiliary therapies for the treatment of periodontitis in diabetic patients, including the low-intensity laser, is a reality. The low-intensity laser is attached to a bracelet over the radial artery to radiate the blood cells through the technique called modified ILIB (Intravascular Laser Irradiation of Blood), aiming the control of the plasma glucose and chronic inflammatory processes. Therefore, this research evaluated the efficacy of the modified ILIB in improving clinical periodontal parameters, such as HbA1c and fasting blood glucose of patients with periodontitis and type II diabetes on a randomized, double-blinded, longitudinal clinical study. The sample included 21 patients distributed in two groups. The control group (CG) received conventional periodontal treatment (scaling and root planning, and oral hygiene guidance), and the test group (TG) received conventional periodontal treatment and 10 laser applications through the modified ILIB technique. The PI and GBI hygiene indexes, the clinical periodontal parameters BoP, PD, CAL, the fasting blood glucose levels and HbA1c were evaluated at the baseline and after 4 months (T4) of treatment for both groups. There were no differences at the intergroup and intragroup comparisons (p>0.05) for the analysis of Hb1AC blood parameters and fasting blood glucose. Concerning to the periodontal parameters, the intragroup analysis showed a significant decay (p<0.05) for the PI, BoP, PD, and CAL indexes between the baseline and T4, however, the intergroup analysis showed no differences between CG and TG (p>0.05) for all the indexes compared. Thus, based on the results is possible to state that the modified ILIB do not improved the glycemic control and the periodontal treatment on type II diabetes patients.  

This research aimed to evaluate the morphological changes resulting from the instrumentation of 20 mesial roots of severely curved lower human molars, and to compare the ProTaper Gold (PTG) and Prodesign Logic (PDL) systems through the analysis of apical transport and centering capacity. beyond the time required for root canal preparation. The sample consisted of twenty anatomically paired lower molar mesial roots based on similar morphological dimensions using micro-CT evaluation (resolution = 19 µm) assigned to two experimental groups (n = 10) according to the system used for the preparation. of root canal: Group 1 - PTG and Group 2 - PDL. The specimens were then digitized again and the corresponding mesial canal images, pre- and post-instrumentation, were examined at three cross-sectional levels (3, 5 and 7 mm from the apical root end) to analyze transport and centralization. of the channel. The one-way ANOVA statistical test was applied in relation to apical transport, with no statistical difference between groups (p> 0.05). For the analysis of the centralization capacity, non-normal distribution was observed. The Mann-Whitney test was applied, where a statistical difference was observed between the groups at the 5mm level (p = 0.0410) where PTG presented lower centralization capacity when compared to the PDL group. There was no correlation between the variables in question. Regarding the effective time for instrumentation, the analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p <0.0001), being PDL faster to reach the TC than the PTG group. All statistical procedures were performed with a significance level of 5%. Therefore, PTG and PDL had similar results in relation to the absence of channel transport, PDL presented greater centralization capacity when referring to the 5mm level and was faster than PTG because a shorter instrumentation time was required. In addition, all systems were safe for clinical use once following manufacturers' recommendations.

When there are more than three episodes of dislocation in a period of six months, it is characterized as recurrent dislocation. The main symptomatology is the difficulty in closing the mouth, with or without the presence of pain. Its management is seen in the literature with a variety of proposed surgical and non-surgical treatments. OBJECTIVE: To identify which methods are most effective in treating redicivating TMJ dislocations. METHODOLOGY: This systematic review follows the PRISMA recommendations. The search strategy was proposed in five different databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science). Regarding the inclusion criteria, the articles should be in English, Portuguese and Spanish; In human studies, case reports / series should have a minimum sample of 10 patients. The minimum follow-up time for each patient should be 1 year for all types of studies. Regarding the exclusion criteria will be disregarded those articles that do not answer the research question, as well as those that do not score above 10 in STROBE and CONSORT and 6 in GUIDELINES. The articles initially identified were selected by two independent researchers by title. After selection, the checklists STROBE, CONSORT and GUIDELINESS were applied according to the type of article. This way each article selected received a score that defined its permanence in the search. The results of this selection and evaluation were organized in a table. A possible bias test was applied in clinical trials, validated by The Cochrane Library. RESULTS: 20 articles were included in the review, in which 4 are clinical trials. LIMITATIONS: Clinical trials do not provide sufficient information for proper applicability of the bias test. CONCLUSIONS: Eminectomy is the procedure that presents the most scientific evidence for the treatment of recurrent TMJ dislocation; however, it has similar resolution potential as Dautrey's procedure. Of the minimally invasive procedures, autologous blood injection has the highest evidence and favorable results.

Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) is able to stimulate the proliferation of various cell types, but little is known about its effectiveness on the proliferation of cells cultured on biomaterial surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of LLLI on the proliferation and viability of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) cultured on chitosan scaffolds. Chitosan was submitted to tests to identify the real mass content and degree of deacetylation. Chitosan membranes were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and submitted to morphology and surface characterization. PDLSCs previously isolated and characterized were grown on the surfaces of four groups: (P) culture plate plastic, non-irradiated, as a positive control of cell growth; (C) chitosan, non-irradiated; (L1) chitosan, irradiated with a dose of 1 J/cm²; and (L4) chitosan, irradiated with 4 J/cm². The irradiations were performed with InGaAlP diode laser with wavelength of 660 nm, power 30 mW, tip diameter of 0.01cm², and continuous action mode in a single dose. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated by Alamar Blue, Live/Dead, Annexin V/PI and Ki67 assays, as well as cell cycle analysis, whereas cell morphology was evaluated by MEV. The data showed that the chitosan presented a real mass content of 88.08% and degree of deacetylation of 91.37 ± 3.77%. SEM analysis showed membranes with uniform and homogeneous surface, with a mean thickness of 68.71 μm. Analysis by AFM revealed roughness around 285 nm. The weight of the membranes ranged from 0.03 to 0.04 g, indicating their uniformity, and the surface pH exhibited a mean of 6.9 ± 0.25, a value close to the pH of the saliva. The Alamar Blue assay showed significant differences in mitochondrial activity between groups at 24 h (L1> C, p = 0.0118) and at 48 h (L1> C, p = 0.0022; L4> C, p = 0.0002; L4>L1, p = 0.0022). The Live/Dead assay showed higher density of live cells in irradiated groups (L1 and L4) compared to the group without irradiation (C), which was confirmed by assay of Annexin V/PI, which showed a greater percentage of viable cells in L4 (80.7%) and L1 (77.5%) compared to C (63.1%) at 72 h. The Ki67 immunoexpression was higher in L4 and L1 and these two groups also showed a higher percentage of cells in the proliferative phases of the cell cycle (S and G2/M). The SEM analysis showed in group C cells with more rounded morphology and with few projections, as well as cell debris, whereas in the irradiated groups the cells exhibited a more flat arrangement, more distributed projections and focal adhesion points, especially in L4. Taken together, the results of the present study shown that laser therapy in the studied patterns, especially at the dose of 4 J/cm², has a positive effect on viability and proliferation of PDLSCs on chitosan membranes, thereby allowing the cells to overcome any adverse effects of the scaffold microenvironment.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of total dentures (PT) with anatomical and non-anatomical teeth in elderly edentulous patients, regarding the impact on quality of life related to oral health (OHQoL), satisfaction, masticatory performance (PM) and ulcers after installation of PTs. Materials and methods: In a randomized crossover trial, total edentulous teeth were divided into two groups: AD Group (rehabilitated with anatomical teeth and, after 3 months, with non-anatomical teeth) and Group DN (rehabilitated with non-anatomical teeth and, after 3 months, with anatomical teeth). Data collection was performed at T0 (3 months after rehabilitation) and T1 (6 months after rehabilitation). OHQoL was analyzed through OHIP-EDENT and satisfaction through a questionnaire developed by Sato, et al. (2000). PM was evaluated by the granulometric analysis method, after mastication of an artificial optocal food. The number of adjustments in the base of the prosthesis due to the presence of ulcers were also evaluated numerically. For the data analysis, the Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and Spearman correlation tests were used. Results: The initial sample consisted of 41 elderly individuals, with a mean age of 69.82 years. In relation to OHIP-EDENT, the mean in the T0 for the AD group was 4.29 (± 3.76) and in the T1 of 2.80 (± 5.24) (p = 0.064); for the DN group, these values corresponded to 5.86 (± 5.44) and 4.73 (± 4.84), respectively (p = 0.65). Regarding satisfaction, it was observed that the AD group presented better satisfaction when compared to the DN group in some items in T0 and T1. The mean MP for individuals in the AD group was 6.58 mm (± 0.63) at the T0 and 6.58 (± 0.58) at the T1 (p = 0.975). For the DN group, the mean values found were 6.61 mm (± 0.58) in the T0 and 6.62 mm (± 0.50) in the T1, and there was no significant difference in the occlusal surface change (p = 0.767 ). Conclusion: The type of occlusal surface used in the rehabilitation did not influence the PM, nor the OHQoL, which presented a relatively positive result in both groups, indicating that both occlusal types are similar in these aspects. However, in some satisfaction items, the AD group showed better results when compared to the DN group.

Keywords: Elderly; Dentures; Dental Occlusion; Chew; Quality of life

Introduction: Microcephaly in a live birth is defined as an anomaly in which head circumference (HC) is below the standard for age and gender appropriate curves. The etiology may involve genetic abnormalities, syndromes, metabolic disorders, teratogens, prenatal, perinatal and postnatal infections. However, this malformation has become much more prevalent with the recent emergence of the Zika virus. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion among infants with Zika virus-associated microcephaly (MZV) and to describe the most common malocclusion characteristics in this population (Article 1); to identify differences in univiteline twins with and without Zika virus-associated microcephaly infection during the second trimester of gestation (Article 2); to describe the dentoskeletal changes in two infants who were infected with the Zika virus during the first trimester of gestation (Article 3). Method: Article 1 was a cross-sectional study which included patients diagnosed with MZV (40) between 30 and 36 months and a comparison group with healthy babies (40), randomly selected with the same sociodemographic characteristics. The statistical analysis used descriptive analysis, Pearson’s chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression. Articles 2 and 3 are case reports, one with infection in the second trimester of pregnancy and another in the first, respectively. Results: In article 1, a significantly higher prevalence of malocclusions in MZV infants was demonstrated in comparison to the control group (p<0.001). Patients with MZV were more likely to have late eruption (p<0.001), atresic upper and lower arch (p<0.001), marked overjet (p<0.001), and posterior crossbite (p=0.004). In article 2, muscular impairment was the most striking feature for the twin with microcephaly. In article 3, late eruption, hypodontia, tendency to vertical growth, convex profile, muscle tone impairment, incompetence to seal the lips, open bite, midline deviation and atresic arches were demonstrated. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is a greater probability of late eruption and higher prevalence of malocclusions in MZV infants, with atresic upper and lower arch, overjet and posterior crossbite among them (Article 1). In addition, the infection period of the virus seems to determine the severity of the characteristics found: less occurrence of dental problems and maintenance of neuromuscular changes can be determined when in the second trimester (Article 2); but when infection occurs in the first trimester, dento-skeletal impairment is greater along with the associated functional alterations (Article 3).

Lichen planus (LP) is a mucocutaneous, inflammatory disease immunologically mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ CTL). While oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered a potentially malignant lesion, cutaneous lichen planus (CLP) is a typically self-limiting condition, suggesting that the pathogenesis of these lesions may be distinct. Thus, in order to investigate the behavior and evolution of the different clinical forms of these diseases, the aim of this study was, first, to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress markers in the saliva of patients with OLP and, subsequently, to analyze the expression profile of DNA repair proteins (XRCC1 and APE1) and H3K9 histone acetylation in the OLP and CLP. For the oxidative stress study, 34 individuals participated in the research, of which 22 were clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with OLP (reticular and erosive) and 12 were control cases. Non-stimulated sialometry was performed in a clear and clean falcon tube (50mL) for five minutes. Subsequently, oxidative stress (MPO, MDA) and antioxidant action (SOD, GSH) markers were determined. To perform the study on DNA repair and H3K9 histone acetylation, the total sample consisted of 89 cases of LP (66 OLP and 23 CLP). Analysis of APE1 and XRCC1 expression was performed by immunohistochemistry, whereas the analysis of H3K9 acetylation was performed by immunofluorescence. Five representative fields of the lesions were photographed and the analyzes were performed quantitatively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and GraphPad Prism software. In the study related to oxidative stress, among the 22 patients diagnosed with OLP, most were female (n = 19; 86.4%) and reported to have entered menopause (63.2%). In the majority of cases, OLP lesions were in the active phase (77.3%), with a predominance of the reticular OLP (n = 15; 68.2%). Concerning to oxidative stress levels, no statistically significant differences were observed when comparing SOD, GSH, MPO and MDA values between case and control groups, as well as between erosive and reticular OLP (p > 0.05). Individuals with inactive OLP lesions presented higher SOD when compared to those with active lesions (p = 0.031). The study related to DNA repair and H3K9 histone acetylation showed that the immunoreactivity for APE1 and XRCC1 was significantly higher in CLP than in OLP (P = 0.003 and P = 0.034, respectively). There was a significant and moderate positive correlation between APE1 and XRCC1 in the OLP group (Rho=0.544; P<0.0001). In OLP, there were no statistically significant results comparing APE1 and XRCC1 expression between reticular and erosive cases (P> 0.05). Evaluation of H9K3 histone acetylation levels did not reveal significant results comparing OLP to CLP, neither comparing erosive to reticular OLP (P> 0.05). In conclusion, our findings revealed that oxidative stress markers in saliva of patients with OLP was similar to the control cases, which may be related to the high exposure of the oral cavity environment to several physical, chemical and microbiological stimuli, important generators of the oxidative stress. Furthermore, changes in the expression profile of the DNA repair proteins exerted greater influence in the cases of CLP than in the cases of OLP, in addition, H3K9 histone acetylation is an epigenetic event found in both lesions.

Conventional complete dentures (CDs) are widely used for the rehabilitation of totally edentulous individuals, in order to restore the patients’ lost functions due to tooth loss. Thus, this randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the impact of bimaxillary CDs rehabilitation on masticatory performance (MP), oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), technical quality of dentures (TQ) and the satisfaction among totally edentulous elderly adults. A total of 50 participants were randomized into two distinct groups: control group (CG; old CDs evaluated at T0 and reassessed after 3 months - T1; n = 25) and test group (TG; old CDs evaluated at T0 and new CDs evaluated after 3 months of use; n = 25). The MP was analyzed by determining the median particle size (X50). OHRQoL was obtained from the OHIP-Edent Questionnaire and satisfaction was assessed through functional and psychological criteria using a questionnaire. TQ was obtained by a clinical evaluation. In order to verify the variation between the variables in T1 - T0, the variables “Dif X50”, “Dif OHIP”, “Dif TQ” and “Dif sat”, respectively, were created. Depending on the normal distribution of data, parametric and nonparametric tests were used in the statistical analysis (5% significance and 80% power). The final sample consisted of 48 elderly adults, with a mean age of 68.77 years (± 6.01), predominantly female. For TG, at T0, the median of X50 was 6.82 mm and at T1, 6.77 mm; In the CG, the values were 6.49 mm at T0 and 6.71 mm at T1. When comparing the variation of X50  between the two groups, there was no significant difference between them (p = 0.105). For the TG, the total OHIP-Edent median decreased significantly after treatment (from 12.00 points to 5.00). This reduction was also significant for the domains: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical dysfunction and psychological dysfunction. The variation in satisfaction increased significantly only in the TG (p <0.001), as well as the TQ, which presented a positive variation of 55.00 points (p <0.001). From the results, it can be concluded that new bimaxillary conventional CDs promote a significant improvement in the satisfaction and OHRQoL of the elderly adults, especially in relation to their functional and psychological aspects. However, it did not improve the masticatory performance when a 3 months period of use was considered. 

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of endodontic cements on bond strength on the dentin structure of the pulp chamber walls of restored bovine teeth immediately and immediately after obturation, in which endodontic cements will be evaluated: Calcium hydroxide resin cement - AH Plus and Zinc Oxide and Eugenol Cement - Endofill. The adhesives that will be tested to evaluate the bond strength will be the Single Bond 2® and the self-etching 2-step adhesive system, using Z 350 ® composite resin as a restorative material. After preparation of the teeth, they will be sectioned horizontally, separating the crown from the root as well as the incisal part, and then sectioned in the mesiodistal direction so that only the pulp chamber area is exposed. The samples will be divided into 8 experimental groups and 4 controls. The experimental groups will present the variables, endodontic cement, adhesive system and immediate and immediate restoration (7 days after endodontics), and the controls will not suffer interference from endodontic cements. Endodontic treatment will be simulated by irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 minutes, changing the solution every 5 minutes, then washed with 5 ml of 0.9% saline solution and chambers. pulp will be in contact with 17% EDTA solution for 3 minutes, then re-irrigated with 5 ml of saline with syringe and then dried. Both zinc oxide and eugenol-based cements such as AH Plus will be handled according to the manufacturer's instructions, inserted into the pulp chamber for 10 minutes, followed by wiping with a 70% alcohol-soaked cotton ball minute and then drying it. The Experimental Mediata restoration groups will be kept in a closed container, covered with gauze soaked in 0.9% saline solution, for hydration on the buccal surface until restoration after 7 days. The samples will have the pulp chamber dentin conditioned according to each adhesive system following manufacturer's instructions. Then, the restorative treatment will be performed inserted 3 layers of 1.0 mm each, light cured for 20 seconds each and at the end for 40 seconds. After waiting for storage at 37ºC, the teeth will be fixed and positioned on the ISOMET 1000 cutting equipment, and cuts will be made to obtain sticks of +/- 1.0 mm² and then the microtensile test will be performed, positioning them. the area of adhesion perpendicular to the long axis of traction. The speed of the microtensile tests will be 1.0mm / min, performed with a Universal Testing Machine with adaptation of a 250KN Load cell and software for data reading and subsequent calculation. Fractured specimens will be observed first under an optical microscope by the magnifying glass methodology for fracture type classification: Cohesive in hybrid layer, cohesive in composite resin, cohesive in dentin, or mixed being in two or more substrates: cohesive in hybrid layer, cohesive. in composite resin, cohesive in dentin or mixed in two or more substrates. The measures of the ratio between the average rupture load values in Newton (N), by the cross sections of the area delimited by the toothpick preparation, expressed in Mpa and the type of fracture we have as dependent variables. The values of the bond strength will be calculated in Mpa, and the data evaluated by the three-factor analysis of variance and for the multiple comparisons the Tukey-Kramer post-test for different sample sizes. All statistical calculations will be performed using the SPSS version 15.0 program at a significance level of 5%.