Immunoexpression of Syndecan-1, MMP-9, and Noggin in primary and recurrent lesions of odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas
Odontogenic keratocyst. Ameloblastoma. Immunohistochemistry. Syndecan-1. Matrix metalloproteinase 9. Noggin
The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and ameloblastoma (AMB) are lesions that stand out due to their distinct biological behavior, characterized by local invasiveness and a tendency to recur. Several studies have shown that clinicopathological features and therapeutic approaches may play a role in recurrence, but current research has focused on understanding the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of these conditions. In this context, the analysis of immunoprofiles can serve as a complementary tool for identifying prognostic factors and predicting the risk of recurrence. Thus, this study aims to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of Syndecan-1, MMP-9, and Noggin in cases of OKCs and AMBs, as well as to correlate the expression of these markers with clinical, imaging, histopathological, and treatment features, in order to identify factors associated with recurrence. A total of 60 tissue specimens will be selected, comprising 20 primary OKCs, 10 recurrent OKCs, 20 primary AMBs, and 10 recurrent AMBs. Clinical and radiographic data will be collected, along with a descriptive morphological analysis. Immunoexpression will be assessed semi-quantitatively, with staining for Syndecan-1, MMP-9, and Noggin evaluated in the cytoplasmic and/or membranous compartments, according to the adapted methodology. Afterward, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses will be performed to obtain frequency data and potential associations among the variables studied, with p-values ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Thus, it is expected to identify the expression patterns of Syndecan-1, MMP-9, and Noggin in OKCs and AMBs. Furthermore, the study aims to relate immunoreactivity to primary or recurrent cases, as well as to associate immunostaining with clinicopathological and therapeutic characteristics, thereby contributing new information that may aid in prognosis and in understanding the biological behavior of OKCs and AMBs, particularly with regard to factors associated with recurrence.