Immunohistochemical analysis of T-bet, GATA-3, and FOXP3 in oral lichen planus, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Leukoplakia, Lichen Planus, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Oral, T-bet Transcription Factor, GATA3 Transcription Factor and Forkhead Transcription Factors
Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (PVL) are Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs), while Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors. PVL presents one of the highest rates of malignant transformation to OSCC. However, the histopathogenesis of PVL remains a gap, and little is known about the involvement of the immune microenvironment in this lesion, which plays a fundamental role in the progression of OPMDs to OSCC. Furthermore, the early diagnosis of PVL is challenging due to the overlap of characteristics with OLP. Within this context, this study aims to evaluate and compare the immunohistochemical expression of the markers T-bet, GATA-3, and FoxP3, in order to elucidate how the IME may be associated with these lesions and their progression to malignant transformation, in addition to associating the expression of these markers with clinical-morphological characteristics. The research will be conducted as a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective, descriptive, and comparative study, composed of 60 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, including 20 OLP, 20 PVL, and 20 OSCC cases, from the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology of the Department of Dentistry at UFRN. The specimens will be subjected to the immunohistochemical method with antibodies for T-bet, GATA-3, and FoxP3, and a description of the clinical, demographic, and morphological characteristics of the sample will also be performed. The results will be expressed quantitatively, through cell counting. Subsequently, the data will be tabulated in Microsoft Excel® software (Microsoft Corporation, USA) and submitted to appropriate statistical tests using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical program, with a significance level of 5% (p≤0,05).