This work aims to analyze and understand the process of construction of squares in the city ofNatal as spaces for public sociability, between the years 1893 and 1929. During this period, theruling classes of Rio Grande do Norte, especially political groups linked to familiesAlbuquerque Maranhão and Bezerra de Medeiros, sought to legitimize a discourse ofmodernization of the city to elevate it to the status and position of economic centrality, requiredby a capital. To this end, they mobilized international loans, state credits and resources fromthe Municipal Administration for the construction, beautification and landscaping of the squaresAndré de Albuquerque, Augusto Severo, Pedro Velho, João Maria and Sete de Setembro,idealized by local intellectuals and chroniclers as havens of leisure and of learning refinedbehavioral codes, emanating from northern Europe. In different proportions, material andsymbolic transformations in these social environments led to changes in the social usesattributed to them by different subjects. Thus, we intend to reconstruct the role that the set offive squares in Natal played in the period of the First Republic through toponymy, theelaboration of a modernizing image of the city and its inhabitants, civic rituals, commercialdynamics and administrative management of the city. The study starts from the perspective ofspace in two main senses, namely, in the public and sociological dimension. The first concernsthe analysis of space as an object of state interventions in its architectural and material forms,which includes squares, surrounding buildings, their furniture, the standardization of sidewalks,storage measures and the installation of urban equipment. The second, in turn, consists ofinvestigating the potential of agents in this concrete space to raise various social relations thattranscend the private sphere and were controlled, ideally, by legislative regulations, municipaland customary resolutions. From this perspective, we take as the guiding axis of the researchthe questioning about the inscription of the desires to establish a republican order in the socialstructure, mainly within the scope of the local political network and sociability guided bycosmopolitan models of social conduct and civic education. Thus, we examined as historicaltestimonies newspapers from the situationist Republican Party and the opposition, annualmessages from governors, reports from municipal intendants, resolutions and notices from themunicipal government, photographs and almanacs.

Serapis, a deity conceived by Ptolemy I Soter, the first pharaoh of the Lagid dynasty (305-30 BC), was designed to assume the role of guardian of the new sovereigns and the city of Alexandria, in Egypt. This research’s main objective is to understand the religious practices associated with the cult of Serapis during the period of Greco-Roman Egypt, adopting as the main source of analysis the material culture represented, mainly, in figurines and terracotta lamps that portray the divinity in different forms and contexts. In addition to analyzing this material culture, we propose to catalogue, organize and carry out an analysis of the material data collected, seeking to understand not only the visual representations of Serapis, but also the ritual practices and the social and cultural context in which these pieces were produced and used. The iconography of Serapis, influenced by characteristics of Greek deities and distinctly Egyptian elements, such as her own name, reflects the cultural interactions between these two civilizations and their respective belief systems. Based on material culture. This research aims to investigate how these cultural interactions manifested themselves in the material representation of the deity and the cult practices associated with it, allowing a deeper understanding of the religious and social dynamics of Greco-Roman Egypt. We argue that Serapis emerged from the process of entanglement of Egyptian and Greek cultures, as conceptualized by archaeologist Phillip Stockhammer (2012), highlighting the complexity of cultural and religious relationships in the Ancient World, permeated by constant influences and interactions.

The present work aims to analyze the practice of epigraphic production linked to the social elites of Emerita as a habit introduced in the provincial region after the contact with the Roman Empire, in the establishment of exchange networks, cultural and social confrontations that shaped the social and memorial space of Augusta Emerita as the provincial capital of Lusitania. Between the 1st century BC and the 2nd century AD, we have the progressive growth of epigraphic production linked to specific groups of the provincial elite who, in some way, are involved in the provincial dynamics, have Latin citizenship and are located in the midst of reproduction and adaptation of cultural practices that shape Emerita's relations with the Empire through the consumption and production of the epigraphic habit. In this way, we propose the analysis of the Emeritus epigraphic set linked to the gens of Iulius, Cornelius and Aemilius, among the votive, funerary and, to a lesser extent, imperial epigraphs, to understand and problematize new ways of understanding the Imperium as a historical construction, in that epigraphic literature serves as an indicator of how networks of customs shared by the Empire's elites fill memory spaces and constitute a living culture of social representation and preservation of family genealogy, in the face of negotiations with Roman domination. To this end, we intend, methodologically, to analyze the epigraphy from two emphases: (1) as a factor linked to the new management of space and the introduction of Latin law as a regulator of the integration process; therefore (2) in a conjunctural context of global practices - in the sense of being and existing in the Empire - in which the epigraphic monument assumes itself as a counter-power, evoking the image of a memory of an identity that does not want to be lost, that does not hesitate to be present, in an artificially created environment, as an external decision.

The city of Natal is now seen as one of the main tourist destinations in the Brazilian Northeast. Known as the “City of the Sun”, it stands out for its marvelous beaches, lush sea with warm waters, bathed in sunshine almost year-round. This tourist space par excellence is constructed through a combination of symbols, texts, and images published primarily from the 1960s. This paper explores how news reports from the late 1960s and early 1970s in the newspapers O Jornal (RJ) and Diário de Notícias (RJ) contributed to the construction of Natal as a tourist destination. The primary method of analysis used was a photographic reading of the different images used in the news articles, seeking to understand them not only as photo illustrations but also as objects that create their own meanings about the image-space of the city of Natal, relating them to the text-discourse present in those articles, and understanding how both texts and photos contribute to the formation of the spatial imagery of the “City of the Sun” and how it contributed to the transformation of the city's landscape in the following decade.

This research seeks to analyze how the Christianization of Norway leads to the creation of new spaces of hybridization, being responsible for the formation of a new mentality, at the same time that we can observe a maintenance in the relations of power and domination through the union between the powers of the “missionary kings” and the Church. Highlighting the 12th century Norwegian stave churches as the main source of research, the analysis proposed here will turn to a more systematic observation of these sacred spaces of memory, describing their specificities and analyzing how the presence of pre-Christian interpretations can be seen as an expression of social ideologies, linked to the maintenance of power and domination relations within a new social logic, in which churches were used as a centralizing point of power and also as a mark of the social hybridization process existing between the arrival of Christianity and pre-Christian culture.

This dissertation investigates the centrality of the Northeast, particularly the northeastern sertao, in the cinematic production of filmmaker Eduardo de Oliveira Coutinho (1933-2014), focusing the analysis on the period of his involvement with the Centro Popular de Cultura and Globo Reporter (1962-1979). Initially, I situate the filmmaker within the context of the engaged art spaces of the 1960s and his initial contact with the Northeast. In the second and third sections, I explore how the northeastern sertao became a central spatiality for his formation and representation of the sertanejo. Marking his movements throughout the region, I conceptually work with the categories of space and place as proposed by Yi-Fu Tuan (2013), and with a social conception of sertao formulated by Candice Vital e Souza (2015). Methodologically, I analyze the representations of the sertao in the fictional feature film Faustao (1970), using the classical narrative and film segmentation proposed by David Bordwell (2005, 2013), as well as the narrator concept developed by Ismail Xavier (2019). When analyzing the documentary reports Seis dias de Ouricuri (1976), O pistoleiro de Serra Talhada (1977), Theodorico, o imperador do sertao (1978), and Exu, uma tragedia sertaneja (1979), I engage with the category of voice and the expository, observational, and participatory modes proposed by Bill Nichols (2005, 2016), aiming to understand the different sertanejo voices activated by Eduardo Coutinho.

The ancient city of Thebes, located in Upper Egypt, was one of the most important cities in the entire history of this country. From being the administrative and religious capital of Egypt, to the home of Amun-Ra, and the burial place of the monarchs of the New Kingdom (1539-1077 BCE), it assumed and carried various assignments and meanings, with great emphasis on the construction of dozens of temples on both banks of the Nile - erected throughout its millennial existence - which, among other functions, perpetuated the memories of the pharaohs who acted there. This thesis aims to analyze the monumental contribution of Ramesses III (1187-1157 BCE), the second king of the XX dynasty (1190-1077 BCE), to this place, understood as a Theban memorial landscape, in constant becoming and collectively elaborated. To this end, we propose to investigate the existence of this memorial landscape in the long term, from the first indications of local occupations to the end of the XIX dynasty (1292-1191 BCE), in order to identify the genesis and the main characteristics of this landscape propagated over the course of several centuries. From this context, as a way to scrutinize the individual contributions of the third Ramesses to the development of the Theban memorial landscape, we start from a large documentary scope, composed of written documents, especially the Papyrus Harris I, and materials, such as, for example, the monuments built by the king himself. Once the extent of the monarch’s involvement is delimited, we seek to ascertain, through the wall reliefs that decorated his monuments, the core of the memories that Ramesses III wished to propagate, intentionally, for all eternity

This thesis collates the research about Mauro Ramos da Mota e Albuquerque (1908-1983). Considering it’s vast and diverse bibliography written between 1940 and 1970, the primary objective  of  this  research  was  the  analysis  of  this  bibliography,  focusing  on  the  relations between the author ant the space and comprehending how Mauro Mota affects and is affected by those censorial dimensions and the cultural impact of such interactions. Considering that the author bibliography present three specialties: the city of Recife, Sertão and the littoral of Zona da Mata. Besides treating the relations between the spaces, this research analyzed how this relation interfered on Mota’s political positions, as member of a northwestern intellectual, we want to demonstrate how this author's way of visualizing and representing those spaces was directly linked to his maneuvers within his intellectual field and in his relationship with the spheres of political and economic power, during his time as head of cultural institutions such as  Fundação  Joaquim  Nabuco,  Academia  Pernambucana  de  Letras  and  at  Diário  de Pernambuco. To carry out these two tasks, a personal collection of works by the author is used in addition to sources available in the collection of Mauro Mota at Fundação Joaquim Nabuco and  on  digital  collection  of  Diário  de  Pernambuco  from  the  Hemeroteca  Nacional.  As  a methodological perspective, discourse analysis via Michel Pêcheux is used to analyze Mota's texts, We also used Pierre Bourdieu to map and analyze Mota's journey within his intellectual field. When dealing with the relationship between subject and spaces, this investigation seeks to relate categories such as place, landscape, literary cartography, nature and topophilia. In this way,  this  investigation  is  theoretically  related  to  the  fields  of  geocriticism,  humanistic geography  and  phenomenology,  in  addition  to  cultural  history.  Such  a  diverse  set  of methodological and theoretical proposals aims to address an object that is also multiple.

The research aims to analyze how poor residents of precarious communities organized themselves and reacted against the eradication of their housing areas, initiated by urban administrators of Fortaleza who persisted in creating measures to control the use of urban space by the less privileged people of the capital of Ceara, between the years 1979 and 1987. We do not intend to address all processes that occurred during this proposed period, but rather to understand the strategies used both by community leaders and by government officials in the struggle for the right to the city. Therefore, we question to what extent social movements managed to reverse political and judicial decisions of eviction and relocation of residents to housing complexes and achieved improvements in the housing conditions of the poorest. Thus, we use as sources, news from the newspapers O Povo and Diario do Nordeste, municipal reports about the Favela Assistance Program, minutes from the Federation of Neighborhoods, interviews with Lagamar residents, as well as two of the main representatives and organizers of the housing struggle, Father Manfredo de Araujo and politician Inacio Arruda. From the crossing and confrontation between the sources, this study showed that the achievement of remaining in their places of residence occurred due to the strength of the mediators and the lack of government plans for the disputed areas.

This work aims to understand the evolution of the dance of Sao Goncalo de Lisieux -, in the State of Ceara, between 1963 and 1990. Starting from the idea that this dance had a traditional dimension, guided by orality. An ethnic group, whose members were black people, in a social space that was linked to ways of life and agrarian work. This study seeks to understand how the context of local modernity, marked by the institutionalization of the administration of schooling, had some effect on the historical reproduction of dance. To carry out this work, we sought to analyze oral sources, in the form of interviews with older residents of the locality, as well as school and church documentation. This understanding came through the collaborators' memories and narratives about the object studied. In this work, I present the Sao Goncalo dance in Lisieux from the main objective: investigate how the Sao Goncalo dance disappeared in Lisieux, proposing to understand the migration of the dance to neighboring regions. For this purpose, they were discussed and based on concepts that contributed to the understanding of the roles of contributors in the construction and appreciation of the local culture. With a qualitative participatory and descriptive approach that sought to interpret the narratives, opinions and expectations of these subjects in relation to dance and around what they know and experience about the research space, it is classified; also, as an ethnographic, as I investigate dancers of the dance of Sao Goncalo, to learn their stories and experiences in the place where they live. With the results of the field activity, it will be possible to identify the form of dance presented in Lisieux, based on oral history. As theoretical support, Maria Isaura Pereira de Queiroz approaches were used to base the discussions on an approach to the history of dance and the honored Saint, which made it possible to understand the social historical context and the arrival of this folkloric and cultural manifestation. I believe that the dance of Sao Goncalo, in Lisieux, began its presentation with the arrival of the Polongo family in 1963, making a possible historical correlation with the places neighboring.

In opposition to perspectives that looked at the History textbook considering it only as an imperfect reproduction of the knowledge produced in the academy, in recent years, the statement that the textbook is composed of several types of knowledge has become common. However, we did not find a study that puts this complexity under discussion, to understand what are, after all, these different dimensions that build the textbook. Having established this as our objective, a first step is to abandon the search for a totalizing concept about the textbook. This material changes over time and if we wanted to group all the textbooks that ever existed into a single characterization, we would need to abdicate the particular elements of each model that was consolidated over time and spaces. We are particularly interested in the school textbook model that has become known in recent decades, and was in force, approximately, from PNLD 2004 to 2018. For the methodology with which we will study our problem, we are inspired by the historical method, the content analysis (as discussed in Bardin, 1977) and in the speech analysis. We seek to account for three discussions that are related to our objective. First, using the scope of 493 works (theses, dissertations, among others), we carried out a cartography of the production regarding of the History textbook, analyzing a series of its characteristics. Here, we observe, on the one hand, which dimensions of the textbook are treated as central in research over time, a study that allowed us to conclude that, even if the quality of the research has improved, the academic production, as a whole, continues to focus on just a few aspects of the textbook. On the other hand, we also observed what conceptions about textbooks are configured and how they are used by other studies. It was possible to perceive that the uses of the concepts assume a configuration markedly different from the original proposals. We also identified that there are a number of other conceptions about the textbook that do not necessarily take the form of concepts. In a second moment, we revisit the History of the textbook to reflect on how the various elements of this material are approached in it, observing dimensions that are considered central and others that do not receive the same attention in the History written about this material. Finally, we analyzed textbooks to identify and demonstrate, in these primary sources, the prism of elements that constitute them. We hope that, with the reading of this study, which aims to understand what it means for the textbook to be composed of a plurality of dimensions, research with this material will approach it considering the existence of these various elements. Since, the adequateunderstanding of the complexity of a source is a fundamental step for it to be studied in an increasingly pertinent way.

This dissertation aims to understand the uses of the past in the construction of the place in theof Rio Grande Norte from the writings of the intellectual from Pernambuco and foundingpartner of the IHGRN, Vicente de Lemos, from 1907 to 1912. This selection is justified bythe writings of the intellectual: the first refers to the publication of the Papéis Velhos column;the second concerns the year of printing of the author's only book, entitled Capitães-mores eGovernadores do Rio Grande do Norte. The act of turning over old papers at the beginning ofthe 20th century was far from being a disinterested activity. The Question of Grossos wouldhave been the trigger for the systematized document search in the state of Rio Grande doNorte. Thus, in the face of such an undertaking, when going through the archives and pagingthe dusty documentation, Lemos not only selected the documents that were interesting for thestory, but also defined, together with the dominant group, Albuquerque Maranhão, whichstory should be told. Through writing, the illustrated meant the state space, through the use ofhistory, attributing meaning and value to it, transforming it into a place. In this way, thescholar also contributed to fostering a vision of the past and a project for the future. Thus, tobetter understand this intellectual, this work focuses on his sociability, on his work as ahistorian and politician. In order to understand how the scholar's historiography helped him tomanage the place in the north of Rio Grande, this research is dedicated to analyzing hiswritings, identifying the characters, the facts, that is, the version of the past that he intended totell. With regard to the methodology, it was carried out through documental survey, tabulationand qualitative, quantitative and evidence analysis of newspapers, magazines, books, Reportsof President of Province and Governors, almanacs and other texts.

This work objective to historicize the composition of new soundscapes in Alto Sertão paraibano, particularly through the musical hybridisms undertaken by the band Tocaia da Paraíba, between 1995 and 2010. Therefore, it is understood that the group is the result of a complex alternative music scene formed in the city of Cajazeiras (Paraíba), in the late 1980s. In this rhythm, as an branch of this local musical culture, the band Tocaia da Paraíba became one of the main exponents of the musical circuit of Paraíba during the 1990s and 2000s, especially, for two reasons: first, by the hybrid structure of its sonority that, established in the middle of Alto Sertão paraibano, brought to its cultural practices new musical references from rock to the bands of pífano, from jazz to coco de roda, from samba to repente sertanejo, uniting the local and global spheres and leading the group to compose  authorial  songs  that  tensioned  the  traditional  conceptions  of  northeastern musicality, particularly the sound space of the sertão paraibano; then, for the notoriety conquered in the musical events to which participated, spread to practically all regions of the  national  territory,  as  well  as  the  appearance  in  journalistic  articles  of  prominent national press. In view of this theme, the present historical analysis seeks to understand the  cultural  practice  that  this  group  proposed  from  its  aesthetic  conceptions  and  the configuration of a hybrid soundscape, positioned by an attitude of artistic independence and alternation with the musical mainstream. As sources, are used the CD insert (cover, back cover) and songs inserted in the albums Tocaia (2000) and Botando pra quebrar (2005),  as  well  as  periodicals  that  reported  the  group  (such  as  Folha  de  São  Paulo, Tribuna  da  Imprensa  and  Gazeta  do  Alto  Piranhas),  blogs,  physical  dissemination materials  (pamphlets  and  posters  of  the  shows),  photographic  records,  audiovisual recordings and interviews - both  with the band Tocaia and other groups of the local alternative scene (GONZÁLEZ, 2013). Regarding the theoretical basis, it is carried out from the operationalization of the concepts of: soundscape, spatil perspective built by Murray Schafer (2011a; 2011b) and Tim Ingold (2015); sertões, discussed by Janaína Amado  (1995)  and  Durval  Muniz  de  Albuquerque  Júnior  (2014);  popular  song, instrumentalized by Marcos Napolitano (2002), José Geraldo Vinci de Moraes (2000), Adalberto Paranhos (2015) and Luiz Tatit (2012); and cultural hybridity, made possible by Nestor Canclini (2019) and Peter Burke (2003).

Maria Firmina dos Reis was a writer, teacher and composer from Maranhão (1825-1917). Her first published work, Úrsula (1859) is considered the first abolitionist novel from Brazil. This work aims to investigate the space of memories in the Maria Firmina dos Reis’ literature. For this, the present research investigates the context in which the author lived: Maranhão in the 19th century and the space occupied by her in literature and the press. This work relates Firmina dos Reis' experiences as a black woman with the construction of her literary space with the objective of analyzing  the  black  and  female  protagonism  in  her  works.  The  main  sources  listed  for  this investigation are the novel  Úrsula (1859)  and the  short stories  A escrava (1887) and  Gupeva (1861). As sources of comparison are used the 19th century Maranhão newspapers, as well as the write's diary called O Álbum. This research looks the literature as a space for Firmina dos Reis' memories by the concepts of Aleida Assmann, Jacques Le Goff, Luís Santos and Silvana Oliveira. This work consider the space built through writing as a place for the subject to act in which her experiences overflow in literary representations too. Conceição Evaristo and Jacques Derrida think this  system  of  representations  linked  to  the  subject’s  experiences  and  their  contributions  are relevant to this work. This research also thinks the literature as a political space based on the considerations of Rene Rémond, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. It seeks to understand how Firmina dos Reis represents 19h century society in her literature, especially with regard to women and black people, as well as the possible criticisms that may arise from her plots, in view of her condition as a black woman in Brazil in the 19th century.

This work aims to analyze the memory that has been constructed about a community that is in the process of ruin, Ilha Bela, located in the rural area of the city of Ceará-Mirim, which is part of the metropolitan region of the capital of Rio Grande do Sul. North. More specifically, the study analyzed here starts from the memories of the reminiscent of Ilha Bela in the present time, the time of the ruins, having as the main source of analysis for the research the book of memories written by a reminiscent of the space of Ilhabela, Mr. Francisco Canindé Dias. The community went into ruination in the 1990s, when its last residents were forced to leave their homes, which were then demolished, leaving only the ruins of the sugar mill building, which was the economic base of the population of Ilhabela and part important part of sugar production in the city of Ceará-Mirim. From the 1990s onwards, when the houses were demolished, the group of reminiscent people who experienced the place in the time when the plant still produced and served as an employment bond felt the need to continue to meet to recall the years of practice and experience in the place that is part of their life stories. The meetings of ex-residents of Ilha Bela began in 2002, and since then they have been held every year, in December, bringing together individuals who now live in different states of the country. The meetings enabled the writing of Mr. Days based on his memories and the collective remembrances that take place every year in the meetings of former residents of Ilha Bela. The book composes the main sources analyzed in this study on the memories of Ilha Bela in the present time and the memories that have been built over the years in the annual meetings and that serve as a representation object for the group that persists in remembering the space.

Within the scope of maritime trade in the Indian and the Pacific Ocean at the end of the 16th century and beginning of the 17th century, Japan is in the period of its history known as reunification. After the period of internal wars, or Sengoku Jidai, in 1603, the Tokugawa house assumed the shogunal title, beginning an administration that would last two hundred years. At the beginning of the Tokugawa government, European nations were actively trading with the Japanese. As mediators between these people were the members of the Society of Jesus, a mendicant order that was born with the purpose of spreading Christianity throughout the world. The 16th century, for Japan, was a time of transition from a period of intense conflicts to a time of relative peace, however the first years of the Tokugawa administration were marked by several measures that aimed, among other purposes, to prevent the landlords, or Daimyou, had the opportunity to rebel against the central government again. In this scenario of changes is Kyûshû, one of the four largest islands in the archipelago, which is located on the south of the archipelago. Kyûshû, due to its privileged geographical position, was the scenario of the greatest part of the interaction between the Japanese and various foreign peoples who were present on Japanese lands. This work aims to analyze the different spaces of interaction between the Japanese and the different groups of foreigners who were present in the archipelago at the beginning of the Tokugawa period, 1603, until the granting of the edict that decreed the closure of Japan's ports in 1639; understanding the concept of Space as a practiced place (CERTAU, 2014), and thinking about this concept combined with that of territoriality understood as a hybrid, never undifferentiated, of concrete and symbolic (HAESBAERT, 2004), and otherness (TODOROV, 2003), to analyze the territorial changes and the various contacts that took place in the land of the rising sun, focusing on the island of Kyûshû, which, due to its specificity, provides us with a better understanding of the analyzed context.

The present work proposes to investigate how the disputes between the Brazilian State and the authors of textbooks took place, between 1995 and 2016, around the constitution of a concept of textbook, understood here as a know-how. In this sense, I list the documents produced and disseminated by the Brazilian Association of Authors of Educational Books (ABRALE), and the PNLD Guides, prepared by the Brazilian State. Such productions were observed in the light of Content Analysis, which made it possible to expand their reading to reach practical, psychological, historical, economic and sociological aspects (Laurence Bardin, 1980), which were consolidated from the writings of Jürgen Habermas (1996) and Michel de Certeau (2013), authorizing the observation of language and practices in the world as two sides of the same coin, elements that would dialectically compose the ways of acting, producing and relating to reality.

Tierra de Guerra (land of war) was a common definition used in the Hispanic texts about colonial Chile. It commonly described, as we shall see, a wide space of warlike, where the war functioned as a constant mechanism of making territories. In that scene, war modeled an idiosyncratic form of relationship between Spaniard conquerors and settlements and the indigenous people who inhabited the current Chilean territory. The promaucaes, as the Incas called them, also known as Araucanians or Mapuche in later times, would stand out by their resistance. Influenced by conflicts and other forms of interaction, the World of Spaniards and Mapuches coexisted either against each other or aligned, into the temporal borders of our research, which goes from the mid-16th to mid-17th. In that way, we questioned the meaning of the Tierra de Guerra: what is this about? How was it thought? What kind of political and spatial relations did it produce? Understanding the Hispanic-Mapuche colonial conflicts is a fundamental part to draft answers to these doubts. We started with the origins of the conflict: the Conquests of America. It was the Iberic preconceptions of expansionism, religion, law, war, and otherness that permitted some hidalgos to get so long as Pedro de Valdivia in the Nueva Extremadura. From that, we begin to question the understanding of the general factors that led to the conquest, occupation, and Hispanic formation of a new territory, the most southward on the scattered empery of Spain: The Kingdom of Chile. Afflicted by decades of constant wars and rebellions against an indigenous population that resisted submission, the Spaniards, settled from Copiapó to Chiloé, living in isolated fortresses and sieged cities, needed to deal with monumental native uprisings between 1598-1604. The fall and abandonment of the seven cities and fortress in the south of Biobío River was a disruptive milestone to the Spanish failure at the conquest and pacification of the land of war. From that, a much-debated frontier situation would develop in the 17th century. The Frontier would be an indelible mark of this colonial reality, embodied by several frontiers of war and peace. Thereafter, was born a longstanding complex of frontiers, characterized by otherness, conflicts, and by the notion of the existence of a limit. To finish, it is necessary to question how the historical subjects thought, deliberated, and planned change, hold, or obliterate the Tierra de Guerra. We mandatorily pass through the idealization and realization of the defensive war thought by Father Pedro de Valdivia, opposing to offensive war proposal, a Fuego y Sangre (by fire and blood), led by several commanders and governors, among them was detached, Alonso de Ribera. Captains, Jesuits, viceroys, and indigenous leaders coexisted and digladiated around different political projects for that spatiality. A stage to historical and centenaries conflicts, the land of war is a fundamental part of the fierce conflicts between Spaniards and Indigenous. Loudly, this land emits echoes that can be listening until our own time.

This thesis aims to investigate the urbanization process of the city of Natal, as well as its suburbanization process, in the first half of the 20th century, having as a privileged object the analyzes of the neighborhood of Rocas. From the reading and criticism of sources such as newspapers, government reports, laws, decrees, photographs, as well as the historiographic production itself on the theme of the urban history of the city of Natal in the period under review, it is possible to see how some spaces in the city were favored during this process of urbanization/modernization and how the neighborhood of Rocas, in addition to being physically accommodated on the banks of the river and the sea, were also on the margins of that process and, in a certain sense, on the margins of history. The projects, the urban plans, the design of the streets, the legislation regulating the spaces and their inspection, which did not have sanitary ideals at the forefront of their actions, had a segregating and excluding character, as they were related to the desires of the direct classes of guarantee the beautification and modernization of the city, technology, rationality, mastery of nature and progress. Until the 1930s, the image of Rocas was associated with a place of social marginalization, danger, unhealthy conditions, disorder, poverty and crime. From the 1940s onwards, lasting mainly under the management of Sylvio Pedroza, it was formed as you could see, it gradually changed, being related to the space of tradition, culture and popular festivities. In view of this, we seek to shed light on this part of the city, which was on the margins of the urbanization process of Natal during a good part of the period under examination, in order to understand what would have motivated the production of those speeches and how, in a certain way, , influenced the development process of Rocas, which was only officially recognized as a city district in 1947, through law nº 251, which divided the city of Natal into eleven districts, nine of which belong to the urban area, of which which Rocas were part of, and must belong to, the suburban region, the neighborhoods of Quintas and Carrasco.

The second half of the 17th century in Portuguese America was marked by a warlike conjuncture whose main intention was the effective conquest of the most inland portions of the captaincies. After the expulsion of the Dutch, in 1654, the military agenda of the main institutions of governance turned to war mobilizations on two frontiers: the mocambos in the Palmares region, in the captaincy of Pernambuco; and the hinterlands of the captaincies of Rio Grande, Paraíba and Ceará, where the “barbarians” indigenous  were an obstacle to the advance of colonization. Such conquest wars took place practically simultaneously, with expenditure of troops and resources for both fronts of conquest. It was not uncommon for subjects to act on both frontiers, alternately, aiming to achieve their personal interests, adding services to the Crown that could be converted into royal favors. This thesis aims to analyze the process of consolidation of the colonial region of the Northern Captaincies of the State of Brazil from the conquest wars of the hinterlands, namely: the Wars of Palmares and the so-called “War of the Barbarians”. The actions of individuals and institutions directly linked to the movements of conquest of territories will be taken as guiding the analyses, mainly seeking to understand what were their motivations and interventions in the conquest processes, in the interval that extends from 1654 to 1718. To this end, diverse document sets were consulted, such as the Overseas Historical Archive, the Historical Documents Collection of the National Library and the Conde dos Arcos Collection, which, through the heuristic method, were crossed with previously known information of the two events studied, in order to in order to expand existing understanding of the details of the conquest wars.

Based on the first three literary works written by Francisco José Costa Dantas, respectively Coivara da Memória (1991), Os Desvalidos (1993) and Cartilha do Silêncio (1997), this work analyzes the construction of a literary space that represents the state of Sergipe between 1900 and 1950. Dantas' narratives recreate this Sergipe of the past through his sentences and imagination, the latter moved by experiences and memories. Therefore, I try to examine what are the aspects that make up this place of the past forged by creativity, experiences and words. In view of this objective, I will investigate how Francisco Dantas constructed his identity as an author and intellectual in Sergipe, as well as analyzing his repercussions as a writer on the national and local scene. Then, I will investigate how much Francisco Dantas articulates his personal and family experiences in the production of his literature, recreating spaces from his youth. As well, I will problematize the action of the characters in Sergipe society recreated by the author, examining the social tensions, and comparing these men and women made by sentences to those that belonged to Francisco Dantas' lived experience. In this way, I also seek to understand how the author mobilizes regionalism in his literature, to build this northeastern spatial cutout, full of nostalgia and traditional regionalist topics. From the analysis of such elements, it will be possible to study how Francisco Dantas forged his literary Sergipe as a creative representation of the space belonging to the lived experience.

The present paper proposes to discuss how a certain regime of audibility linked to the northeastern region was organized from the instrumentalization of a sound archive linked to this region in the work of the accordion player from Pernambuco, Luiz Gonzaga (1912-1989). To do so, we will concentrate the analysis on the artist's performance on the radio, more specifically on the program "No Mundo do Baião" (1950-1951), starring him and his main songwriting partners - Humberto Teixeira (1915-1979) and Zé Dantas (1921-1962) - on Rádio Nacional. Starting from this documentation and clipping, we seek to show how the construction of given spatialities is linked to a symbolic apprehension and composition of space, which in the case in question involves the articulation of elements, sound marks and fundamental sounds attributed to the Northeast and that confer on the region a pretended aesthetic, cultural and formal purity. A deeper analysis of Luiz Gonzaga's work will allow us to understand the historical conditions of possibility for the emergence of the baião and the other rhythms influenced by Gonzaga in the enunciation of a Northeastern soundscape through the mechanisms of radio production in Rio de Janeiro in the 1950s. In this sense, this paper will seek to narrate the process of composition of this spatiality in Gonzaga's work through the articulation of formal and aesthetic elements and the "sound archive" that tried to fix to the region its alleged authenticity and purity, with the material conditions of production, reception and circulation of music in the large centers of Brazil in the exposed cut, as well as the trajectory of the artist himself, his paths and mishaps until his consecration as an "artist from the brazillian Northeast".

The main objective of this work is to produce a study about the spatial hierarchization of historical knowledge in Brazil through production places and historiographic narratives in which the Rio-São Paulo axis emerges as widespread  and  diffuse  spatiality in the national territory. This event occurred in parallel with the design of a professional and academic Brazilian Historiography, as well as in an environment – from the 1980s and 1990s – in which there was an emergency in academic journals and in the specialized literature of historiographical reflections as a wholesome. This was largely due to the discussion around historiographic renewals, the emergence of new graduate programs in the different regions of the country and the production of a historiographical memory of the  institutions.  Thus,  this  research  venture  is  situated  between  the  history  of historiography  and  a  cultural  history  of  spaces.  This  means  emphasizing  spatial construction as an aspect resulting from discursive operations that attribute meaning to the  national  space  through  historiographical  images  and  representations,  as  well  as through  places  of  production  and  enunciation  of  historical  knowledge  in  constant litigation in the narrative of historians.  These layers of tensions are expressed between narratives,  problems  seen  as  methodological  fallibility  in  the  treatment  with documentation, errors in the spatial clipping of research, institutional disputes and/or between  groups  of  historians  and  through  a  national  paradigm.    In  these  disputes, historical discourse is shown as a relevant aspect, because it is through it and that borders are raised and territories materialize, as well as identities and social and subject places.  The sources mobilized were the writings of historians and the writings on and around institutional disputes within the scope of history in the sense of a venture whose own object  is  the  mapping  of  existing  spatial  tensions.  Cartography  is  the  methodology designed to suggest the coexistence of different paths, paths and historical trajectories that ended up circumscribing spatial regimes in the writing of historians who work in the national  territory.  Thus,  we  will  problematize  the  historical  construction  of  spatial clipping  data  in the  narrative  of  historians,  providing  progress in  research  on  spatial hierarchies in Brazilian historiography.

Monsters and fantastic creatures that escape from human understanding are remarkableliterary elements in Howard Phillips Lovecraft’s (1890 - 1937) narratives. He is also knownas   the   author   of   the   uncanny   fiction   genre.   His   fantasies   writings   point   up   to   areconstruction of American identity in the first decades of the 20th century. To cause fearand disgust with distorted views about the Other - non-Teutonic peoples - whether throughletters, newspaper articles or in the monsters in fictional narratives, Lovecraft reveals axenophobic feeling, of a racist nature, against the migratory flow of diverse peoples whocame to inhabit New England - a region idealized by the author as the holder of the trueessence of the United States. Through the geographical concepts of place and landscape offear, Yi-Fu  Tuan  (1983;  2005)  demonstrates  how  individuals  appropriate and  recreatespaces from experience. In addition to the method of literary cartography by Robert Tally(2020), it demonstrates how the writer, just like the cartographer, uses several imaginarymechanisms, based on the perceptions of his own experience, to create symbolic maps thatrepresent reality. Thus, it is observed that Lovecraft reconstructed the meaning of theregion in which he lived from his own sensory and affective experiences; just like occurredin several writings - fictional, epistolary narratives and articles in periodicals - using thehistorical imaginary to reframe the American cultural identity

This   dissertation   intends   to   build   an   analysis   of   the   existing   relationships   between   theconstruction of the Sanatorium Meduna with the ideal progress and modernity existing inTeresina in the 1950s. Teresina was founded in 1952, planned to be a modern city in the midstof a province that still carried aspects colonial. Meduna Sanatorium is inserted in the city in acontext of lack of mental health assistance. The institution and its founder, Clidenor de FreitasSantos, played an indispensable role in the constitution of a Piauí psychiatry. Thus, in order toanalyze the relationship between Sanatório Meduna and the modernization of Teresina's urbanspace, we enter into other important issues for the theme. Consequently, we investigated thenecessary events that led Clidenor  de Freitas Santos to consider the construction of theMeduna Sanatorium; how assistance was given to the insane before and after the hospital,without   forgetting   the   importance   of   Clidenor   de   Freitas   Santos   in   this   process;   whatconception of madness existed in Piauí in this clipping; the relationship between madness andcriminality; what was the social profile of the Meduna Sanatorium patients; among otheraspects. Therefore, it was necessary to base the discussion in the light of theorists such asFoucault, Henri Lefebvre, Norbert Elias. As a source, newspapers, reports, testimonies andmessages from the governors of Piauí, the previous files of the general picture of the patientsof Sanatório Meduna, the regiment of Sanatório Meduna and an interview with the daughterof Clidenor de Freitas Santos were used. With the analysis of this documentation, associatedwith the historiographical debate of the period, we verified the importance of the constructionof the Sanatorium Meduna, inserted in a scenario present in many other Brazilian cities,referring to the modernization of the urban space and assistance to the insane.

In this work we analyze the discursive production of the internato, the cidade and the usina, spaces of otherness in relation to the space of the engenho banguê, in the literature of the novelist and memorialist José Lins do Rêgo. We intend to problematize the symbolic dimension: meanings, values and images, mobilized by this scholar to constitute these spatialities, that is, how the figurative construction of these literary spaces takes place in his work. We start from the assumption that the most different spaces are social constructions, the result of material and symbolic investments, carried out at a given moment and by certain subjects. Our research had as main sources the works of the so-called '' sugar cane cycle '', notably the novels Doidinho (1933), Moleque Ricardo (1935) and Usina (1936), but because we are situated in the field of cultural history, we work with a variety of sources: memorial writings, newspapers and letters exchanged. Our time frame is based on the publication period of the analyzed works: it starts in 1933 - date of publication of the first novel Doidinho - and goes until 1936 - date of publication of the last one, Usina.

This research aims to discuss the fictional creations of the country of Bruzundanga in the work of Lima Barreto, which reflects the historical events of the city of Rio de Janeiro, in the context of Brazil’s First Republic. Above all, the legal dimension of this country will be dealt with, of the difficulties that, according to the writer, were faced to give carnality to the dreams of the ordered and republican city. From there, it shows the obstacles experienced by the statesmen who tried to do it, who did little or almost nothing to take away the republican dreams of na ideal country and city. The object of this research is the constant references that Barreto made about the Right, in his writings that almost always revolve around the theme of the lack of organization and management of a national bureaucratic system. The debates on the history of the body and the sensitivity guide the discussions of this work and, throughout the research, bridges of dialogue are built with David Le Breton, Georges Vigarello, Erving Goffman, Jean Jacques Courtine and Claudine Haroche. The sources mobilized to develop the discussion are Barretian journalistic, literary and biographical writings. The time frame of this research begins in 1900, based on the writing time of the first notes by Lima Barreto in his Intimate Diary. We ended our investigation in 1922, which marks the death of the writer.

The present work seeks to analyze the Norwegian Black Metal scene, having a temporal cut that permeates the 1990s until the mid 2010s, which became a spatiality responsible for many of the influencing pillars of this subgenre of Heavy Metal. Initially marked by the artistic production based on satanism, misanthropy and death, ends at certain moment finding in nature and uses of past a new exploratory lyrical and imagery bias, resulting in a series of discourses that evoke nostalgia and topophilia to criticism of so-called modern world through nazifascist elements and reproduced in some media formats such as records, magazines, k7 tapes and fanzines. Such work started from the assumption this scene in the studied period is configured – being one of the most influential among the varied heavy metal music and culture subgenres – in a space that incorporates symbolic and material readings, as a justification for certain views and contradictions of its actors. 

The second half of the 18th century was one of the most intense periods in the history of the Portuguese kingdom and, especially, of Portuguese America, given the administrative, economic and political transformations arising from the Pombaline reforms. The creation of the Village of Pombal, in the hinterland of Piancó, in 1772, is only one of the reflexes of these changes in the captaincy of Paraíba. Its installation was significantly important, because, in addition to making viable the royal project of appropriation, control and organization of the territory, it made it possible for the Piancó hinterland to have its own chamber, an institution that joined the other existing authorities (military, legal and religious), since the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th, and provided some kind of autonomy and bargaining power to the men of that hinterland. In this new context, political conflicts broke out at the internal and external levels, involving local and coastal authorities, which placed Piancó and the Village of Pombal in a prominent position in the political scenario of the captaincy, thus indicating possible changes in their local dynamics. And it is this dynamic that we investigate. The present work aims to analyze the changes that took place in the socio-political dynamics of the Piancó backlands in the second half of the 18th century, a period in which the creation and administrative organization of its new jurisdictional territory, the Village of Pombal. For this, in addition to the use of specialized bibliography (classical and academic), we rely on the analysis of official and manuscript sources, produced throughout the 18th century, both locally and externally. They are: royal orders, correspondence, population maps, council terms of the senate of the chamber of Pombal, books of notes and inventories.

This work investigates how the theft of a saint, a practice carried out in favor of the rains in the Northeast of Brazil, constitutes the sertões as a sacred space. Based on the theft of Catholic images, especially that of the patron saint of rains, São José, in rural communities in the municipality of Pombal, we analyzed this winter experience, its meanings and everyday interests to understand the sacredness of rural spaces in the sertão of estate of Paraiba. In the theoretical field – based on Certeau (1998), Segaud (2016), J. Assmann (2016), A. Assmann (2011), Dubar (2006), Hall (2006), Tuan, (1983), Hobsbawn (1997 ), Geertz (2008), Ingold (2012), Descola (2015), Haesbaert (2007) and Zambrano (2001) – the research operationalizes the concepts of space, memory, identity, experience, tradition and territory in order to examine the socio-cultural aspects mobilized together with the practice to configure this sertaneja spatiality. As a methodology, from the analyzes of Meihy and Holanda (2011) and Delgado (2006), we used Oral History to problematize the memories around this religious practice, constituted by the narratives of those who experience the local daily life, realizing how these memories act in the formation of spaces for remembrance and establish identities that territorialize socio-religious experiences in these locations. The iconological analysis of images and artifacts of faith linked to theft, based on Menezes (2003), and the appreciation of written documents about the lives of people who lived there, complement the methodological support of the research. Therefore, by showing that the theft of saints gave new meaning to community knowledge, memories and identities, we found that the sertões studied constitute sacred spaces. 

The objective of this study is to analyze the presence of slave families in the parish of Sant'Ana  of  São  José  de  Mipibu  between  the  years  1841  and  1862,  observing  the construction of a slave territoriality in a space that was not theirs a priori, but rather the Church and Catholic Society. We interpret the formation of slave family institutions in this space as an act of resistance and survival by these enslaved women and men, who were inserted in a slave society. For this, we have as the main source of study the baptism records of this parish, which were read, transcribed, analyzed and systematized based on the methodology of Serial and Quantitative History. In fact, we believe in the choices of godfathers and godmothers by captive families at the time of the baptism of slave children would be a  strategy for  survival, (re)existence  and the search  for autonomy  of  these slavery  people. The  choice  to  study  the  parish of  Sant'Ana  was  because  part  of  this ecclesiastical territory is located in the rural area of the city of São José de Mipibu, which in the 19th century played an important role economically within the province of Rio Grande do Norte, counting on small and medium sugar, rapadura and cachaça sugar mills, activities that require significant slave labor to work in the sugar cane plantations.

This research aims to analyze the performance of the Popular Housing Company of Rio Grande do Norte (COHAB / RN) in the construction of housing estates through its organizational structure in the late 1970s. COHAB / RN was constituted by the state of Rio Grande do North within the political and bureaucratic logic established by the National Housing Bank (BNH) during the period of the Brazilian Military Dictatorship to act within the scope of housing policies. For the realization of this institutional history, we used for the first time internal documentation of the institution, the Minutes of the Board of Directors of COHAB / RN from 1977-1979. This source had its content crossed with other documents, such as the newspapers O Poti and Diário de Natal; laws, decrees and regulations issued by the National Housing Bank (BNH). In the first chapter, we discuss the development of BNH's public policies. The second chapter turned to the study of the history of the early years of COHAB / RN and in the third chapter the historicization of the construction/edification of the Pirangi Project was done through the relationship between the potiguar company and BNH. Throughout the dissertation, we realized that the federal bank managed to establish a technostructure capable of how the housing was built in Brazil between 1964 until 1985. In Rio Grande do Norte, COHAB / RN, which belonged to the state government and in theory would be administratively and financially independent, in fact it acted as if it were a branch of BNH. Thus, we understand that the state housing company participated in a centralized administrative structure at BNH instead of the state government and that this administration, despite being regulated by the internal regulation of the federal bank itself, is legally contestable. The Pirangi project carried out by COHAB / RN was a “pioneer” building due to the size of the financing, the volume of housing and the social facilities provided since the project. However, its construction was more guided by a political and electoral perspective than by seeking to reduce the state housing deficit. Thus, the inhabitants of the complex had to survive far from an adequate infrastructure (lack of water, transportation, school, commerce and an adequate health post) and the discourse of guaranteeing social equipment from the beginning was not consolidated in the reality of those people's lives. In addition, the conflict between practicing a public policy aimed at the poorest and having to maintain profitability resulted in several contradictions in which this public policy failed to reach the neediest right and the search for profitability was not carried out due to the mandatory nature of these companies trying to reach that layer of society.

This work has the objective to produce a study about the body andhow memories are inscribed on its spatial surface. Therefore, when thinking about thebody as a space, we have to specify which body is this to which we direct our research;as it is seen, described and understood within the historical and social context in whichit   is   found.   Therefore,   this  dissertation   is   anchored   in   the   female   body   seen   andunderstood as subversive, but it is also dedicated to the study of these same bodies andtheir transformations in different temporalities. That is, a fixed and immutable temporaldelimitation does not fit in the work developed here, since the main support of theresearch is constituted  by   the   memories  of women who experienced  the   policy   ofpersecution and torture put into practice during the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship(1964-1985), that   because   it  is a relatively   borderline  event with the   present,   stillproduces  reflections   in the  lives  of women  whose   memories we  will   focus  at.  Inaddition, we treated how the violence was produced against the female bodily space and why certain spots of the bodies were affected and others were not, and, consequently,how the body submited to these violations responded. Another important aspect that wewill reflect on makes reference to these same bodies and their respective processes ofresistance   and   reconstruction.   To   this   purpose,   the   analysis   of   archeogenealogicaldiscourse and quantitative history will be essential procedures during the developmentof the analysis of the countless statements, testimonies and interviews that were carriedout from the end of the 1990s to the present moment.

The objective of this work is to study the spaces present in the life and work of poetess Auta de Souza, more precisely the poetic construction of these spaces. We organize these spaces into two categories: interior and exterior spaces. For this, we take as a basis the concept of space presented by the historian Michel de Certeau, building a dialogue with the reflections of the philosopher Gaston Bachelard. Thus, through the conception of an interior space, we seek to think Auta de Souza's work as a self-writing, in which the poetess narrates her life, her relationships with family and friends, her feelings, her pains and nostalgia. On the other hand, based on the notion of exterior space, we sought to research the displacements made by Auta de Souza due to her illness - tuberculosis -, as well as the places and stories of other people recorded by the poetess in her verses. Finally, we seek to think Auta de Souza as a  nineteenth-century  black  intellectual  from  Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  based  on the discussion of the spaces conquered by the poetess  in  the  midst  of  an  intellectual universe dominated by white men. We use as a privileged source her only book of poems, Horto, as well as some other biographical and academic works that present the  poetess  as  an  object  of  study.

The organization of commemorative celebrations exposes how agents and social groups are creators of the historical narrative - preserving memory, silencing or forgetting - that gives another meaning to their own cultural identity. Permeated by feelings and emotions, these agents transform the representations of their spaces into new forms of spatial experiences, such as occurred in São Paulo between the years 1947 to 1955. Resentful of the political exclusion caused since the Revolution of 1930 - the economic elite linked the São Paulo State Industries Center (CIESP) and the political group of the Progressive Social Party (PSP) - idealized the celebrations of the IV Centenary of the Sao Paulo capital in light of a new identity resignification to represent the entire space of the region. Over the course of almost half a decade, the leadership position to promote the celebrations will be divided between the São Paulo elite and other groups – politicians dissidents and university intellectuals - who observed in the event a form of capital gains - whether political or economic - for their social group. Through the speeches of these diverse groups, a historiographic scenario is formed, in which, in particular, the performance of the Bandeirantes - a São Paulo identity symbol - will be the target of deep debates among different representatives of the groups that disputed about the narratives about the celebrations. Based on the tropological methodology, suggested by Metahistory’s Hayden White (1992), we observed how historiographic discourse distances itself through the different social spaces - and political ideological views - in which historians are inserted in society. Moving away from the São Paulo historiographical narratives of the 1920s, in which an approximation between the São Paulo region and Brazil was sought, the cartographic concepts of Ilha-Brasil - debated along the Querela Bandeirante between the Portuguese historian Jaime Cortesão and the historian Sérgio Buarque de Holanda - and the sculpture of Aspiral Ascendente - built in Ibirapuera Park by Oscar Niemeyer - re-signified the contemporary São Paulo identity through a regional apotheosis, forgetting and silencing the identity of formerly grounded only as a region of Brazilian territorial spatiality.

This research work proposes to analise the trajectory of use of legal apparatus of Just War while
a way that increased the process of deterritorialization of Capitancy of Rio Grande, especially
the area of Açu, in the late seventeenth century. When starting with the legal and theological
debates since the fifteenth century, it is intended to observe the developments of these
discussions in the pratical reality of colonizers when faced with several indigenous groups, to
whom it proposes a denaturalization’s process. Thereby, it can perceive a instrumentalization
of this legal apparatus, just not in the indigenous legislation, as also in the actions of authorities
and residentes who supported by the argument of just war, they could intesify the spread of
institutional frontiers and new territorializations in the Portuguese America. Through of the
discourse analysis produced by the colonial institutions and authorities, as Junta das Missões
de Pernambuco, and the crossing of sources it could perceive the proportions of justice’s
incidence about the wars against the indians, between 1680 and 1720, in the hinterland of Açu,
period that comprised the Guerra dos Bárbaros. So, the indians that espaciality, had to
reorganize while a group, in a new historical and expansionist context in the new spaces, in
view of the apropriations that had with their territories. The aim of this work is reflect
historically in the specific way about the discussions that deal of just wars in the Açu, paying
attetion to this part of Guerra dos Bárbaros so that it privileges a perspective turning to
indiginous protagonism, although of restriction represented by the bureaucratic character of the
sources.

ABSTRACT

The present work analyzes, based on speeches and reports of the provincial presidents, how the medical and hygienist discourses took place in the second half of the 19th century, in the countryside of the province of Rio Grande do Norte. The factors that led to the construction of the public cemetery of the village of Conceição do Azevedo, currently Jardim do Seridó, a municipality located in Rio Grande do Norte, were analyzed, as well as how these factors led to changes in funeral culture and the social processes of perception of death and dying. The cemetery discussed in this research has been used since 1858, when it was built on a piece of land donated by Mr. Antonio de Azevedo Maia (3rd) with his wife, Úrsula Leite de Oliveira. The liturgical blessing of the cemetery took place on March 12, 1858, by Father Francisco Justino Pereira de Brito. In the 19th century, the influence of the State and of the Clergy in the construction of extramural cemeteries in the country were questions thought as a relation between political and religious powers regarding hygienist speeches and the spaces of death. Based on the assumption that the cemetery is an integral part of every city, in order to think about urbanization plans for the city, one must keep in mind the place where the people who have their final destination go;therefore, the purpose inserted in this study is to try to understand what is the relationship between the city of the dead and the city of the living, given the funeral rites lived by the people, drafting to what extent death was a terrible event for that time, and considering the number of deaths that occurred due to the diseases that plagued Seridó in the second half of the 19th century. The period studied includes the cholera outbreak and the death of children between 0 and 4 years old, caused by various diseases. Understanding how diseases attacked the region also makes one think about the attention given to the hinterland of thestate by the political actions, given that the speeches of political representatives often showed healthy and controllable spaces. Thereby, it is not just the construction of the cemetery that matters here, nor the changes in the death rites, as these factors have been shown by the historiography for some time, but rather, thinking about how politicians reacted to questions of public hygiene in the hinterland of Rio Grande do Norte, as well as the way that people in Vila de Jardim started to react to death and dying. The studies were carried out using death books, laws, municipal decrees, wills and posture codes.

ABSTRACT: Starting from a prospective position of History, in which it is closely evaluated in relation to the levels and levels of production, this research deals with the most varied spatialities linked to the Zapatista Movement, so that they understand space as an actor in actions, symbolic, discursive, selected and subjective constructions of this rich and complex social-indigenous movement. Looking at how different spatial dimensions, crossing or local, national, international and metaphorical / symbolic / imagery / aesthetic of their construction as a historical movement, as zapatistas of space - which we bring here as fragments of a mosaic - are investigated in order to reveal hidden shadows history of the movement, as well as Mexico and the world - and contribute to a deeper historical analysis of the historical process that culminated in the armed upheaval of these indigenous people in the state of Chiapas - and, in the same way, offer new perspectives for worldviews , identities, cultures and histories that build the Mexican and world scene, from the context of globalization and geopolitical relations ideologically linked to neoliberalism. For this, we have primary sources such as official Zapatista speeches, as well as representations about Zapatistas that contribute to the understanding of their signs and symbols. In short, our proposal is to provoke new historical provocations from this movement and its relations with spaces in the search for a new Mexico and new sociability for a new world. 

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This paper investigates the U.S. government's strategies for the Northeast of Brazil at a time when the region was considered the most politically unstable area in the Western Hemisphere. During the John F. Kennedy administration (1961-1963), there was a proliferation of discourses about this space. Northeastern Brazil was inscribed as a Cold War battlefield between the U.S. and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. This area became the subject of diplomatic dispatches, intelligence reports, memos, public statements, and interviews granted later by some of the most important characters involved with the U.S. diplomatic service. We used this material, now available for public consultation under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act, to analyze how the U.S. government sought to use the Alliance for Progress, one of its main foreign aid policies, to transform Northeastern Brazil into a space of control.

The research is characterized as a study on the African slave trade in colony Brazil under the Dutch yoke, between the years 1630 to 1654, instituted in the historical period known as Dutch domination in the northern captaincies, a project consolidated by the strategic and systematic occupation captaincies and sugar regions in line with the guidelines of the Dutch West India Company (WIC). Recife becomes the administrative headquarters of the new Dutch territory. Knowing this, such research brings with it the following objectives: a) to discuss in a critical-analytical way how African trafficking in the South Atlantic occurred by the Dutch; b) to study the dynamics of commercial and social relations; c) observe the construction of connected urban networks and their economy. Thus, it is intended to develop a historiographical analysis of Dutch spaces in the South Atlantic, tracing a snapshot of the known world scenario of the 17th century. It aims to problematize the advent of the Dutch company in America, its urban social complexities, institutional dealings (WIC) and the analysis of established connections as well as created by the simultaneous occupation of regions in Africa and Brazil. The study will consist of bibliographic-documentary research of qualitative and quantitative statistical data on the slave trade in the 17th century.

At the national level, we can understand that the ethnic emergency is not a new event, different from the scope of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, which shows a very recent process of ethnic self-assertion, which contrasts with the official historiography that relegates the Indians to the disappearance. The Caboclos do Assú, our object of study, among the other indigenous groups emerging from the state, are (re) defining themselves as historically active and politically aware subjects, since they express their dissatisfaction with the political and ideological processes that have left them on the sidelines of society. And, on the other hand, of the need that they have to take for themselves the defense of a differentiated identity, showing that the indigenous history of Rio Grande do Norte is marked by conflicts and struggles, especially with regard to its territorialization, being far from this propagated of the indigenous “disappearance” in historiography. Thus, the current process (c. 2015-2020) of ethnic emergence and the construction of a differentiated and territorial identity of the Caboclos do Assú / RN Community was analyzed, using a set of different written records (reports, minutes, articles of newspapers) and using the methodology of oral history, at which time we obtained an expressive set of interviews that contributed to most of the collection of this research, which we show these peoples to society as susceptible to the specific policies of indigenous populations.

The general objective of this research is to expose the processes of historical and social construction of indigenous intellectuals in different contexts in Latin America / Abya Yala, in the period from 1970 to 2018. The time frame exposes three important moments for understanding this analysis: the increased interest of indigenous people in higher education; the emergence of indigenous intellectuals and the prominence and performance of these intellectuals in different spaces as representatives of their peoples. The works of two contemporary indigenous authors are used here as main sources and have been studied in more depth: “Half face, half mask” by Eliane Potiguara and “Recado confidencial a los chilenos” by author Elicura Chihuailaf. These two authors have a central space within the research, as it is from their works that we will approach the views and perspectives of the indigenous people more deeply, since they in their positions - as indigenous intellectuals - assume a militant posture and are seen as representatives of their peoples, in their localities. The authors use poetic space as a place for the manifestation of their identities, ancestry and history. The result of this discussion will be a mapping that encompasses the main theoretical discussions about indigenous intellectuals, exposing, among other issues, the way in which indigenous intellectuals are constituted in different contexts, and the relationships of these thinkers with the urban space, academic space and poetic space. Understanding, in this way, the construction processes of these intellectuals and how indigenous intellectuals are articulated and constitute in different contexts of Latin America / Abya Yala in spaces still marked by coloniality.

This Dissertation produces a historiographical analysis of how public and private spaces were constituted in the South of England through the feminine experience. For this purpose, two novels are used as objects of analysis: Sense and Sensibility, published in 1811, and Emma, published in 1815, both authored by the English novelist Jane Austen, who lived, wrote and published during the British Georgian Era (1714- 1830). The research chose as temporal cut the years from 1811 to 1815 and it is based on the publications of the chosen sources and what they provide, which means that setbacks and advances in time in relation to this cut will have to be made for issues that the author’s own work requires and because she herself lived between 1775 and 1817; for this reason, the temporal context is inserted between the transition from the 18th to the 19th century, a period in which the sources were elaborated, and which is seen by many as a moment in English history marked by transformations that are still considered fundamental nowadays for the contemporary industrialand technological world. That was a starting point for progress, arising from the Industrial Revolution, an event that was intensified from the 19th century onwards and transformed almost all areas of that society. It was in that period of transformation that Jane Austen wrote about the daily life of gentry’s families and their properties in villages located in the English countryside, an environment that was opposed to the industrial frenzy of the cities, but which was still influenced in some way by the new changes underway. For this reason, the exercise of this research goes beyond a readingofwhat the authorwrote: itwas necessary to interpret what was not written in order to circumscribe everything that served as a relevant issue for her works. From there, we used the stimmung (or the climate of that time), and as proposed by the German theorist Hans Gumbrecht, to understand the process that drove the author’s dissatisfaction with regard to the condition ofthe women of her time, which made her transform such living nuisances into Literature. In addition, the gender theories proposed by the American philosopher Judith Butler are incorporated in this research, in order to allow an observation of the spatial manifestations of various social groups and to understand how their cultural practices could build different geographical spaces; thinking from the intersections established between gender relations and other identity belongings. In the case of this work, both gender and class relationsserveasvariablesto understandtheprocessesofexperience and space transformation. Allied to this perspective, the thinking of the British geographer Doreen Massey becomes very relevant for this research: after all, to think about the multiplicities of spaces and how they can be experienced in different ways, it is necessary to understand the positions that each person occupies in society.

Based on concept of dominium, debated for intellectual of the second scholastic of Salamanca, we marked the analysis about the use of space by Spanish empire in Indias Occidentales. The study is centered between the ends of 15th century and the eighth decade of 16th century. In this time, the New World emerge as a conquer’s territory of a power almost ever virtual, El Rei. Of this arise core points of this study: the crown’s function, the role the theological legitimation, the Church goals, the deal with the space and your human population and the importance of the new and old knowledges. Knowledge and dominium connecting either at a relationship often cooperative. The space arise like main scope. Sentenced to a force relation between different vectors of the colonial epopee, transformed itself in speech’s instance and in administrative unity, the territory. Making a historical research, we seek understand as the Spanish domain was implemented above another spaces, and as the knowledge clarified, legitimed and auxlied this process. 

This research investigates the process of territorial appropriation, carried out by the Portuguese Crown, on the north coast of the Rio Grande Captaincy, between 1500 and 1719. In order to do it, we question the occupation of this space, since the historiography production on Rio Grande Captaincy has shown a huge gap about this coastal region, as if that space was an invisible part of the territory. This research appropriates Antonio Robert de Moraes's concept of “territory”, in which the colonization process used military services and all juridical-administrative structure to expand colonial lands. Methodologically, it uses an analysis of the cartographic and written documents of the period and also investigates, through the analysis of the subjects' trajectory, guided by the studies of João Fragoso and Cristina Mazzeo Vivó, the life trajectories of the sesmeiros who acquired land in the sertões of Porto do Touro. This analysis has identified some evidence of contact between Potiguara natives and French privateers in Pititinga Cove and near Cabo de São Roque in the 16th century, it has also identified the sesmeiro Domingos de Carvalho da Silva as one of the important figures in this process of appropriation of the hinterlands of Cabo de São Roque. In conclusion, the examination of these sources has shown that the crossing of different archival sources, especially cartographic, brings rewarding results to the work of the historian interested in investigating the occupation of colonial spaces and the relations between the different levels of Portuguese administration overseas.

ABSTRACT: This work has the objective to analyze the disputes, negotiations and clashes of the Black Movement and the Brazilian State in the school space, focusing on the education for the ethnic-racial relations. This objective specifies on Afro-Brazilians in the context of Textbook National Program (PNLD) between 1995 and 2014. In this analysis, three sets of sources are used: 1) documents produced by the Black Movement, in partnership with other organized civil society groups, at events promoted by secretariats as the Special Secretariat for the Promotion of Racial Equality (SEPPIR), highlighting the reports of the National Conferences for the Promotion of Racial Equality (CONAPIR). It was included in this set of sources the documents produced exclusively by the Black Movement that were delivered directly to the Presidency of the Republic, as it was done with the manifestos prepared during Zumbi of Palmares’ March against Racism for Citizenship and Life and the Zumbi’s March + 10, realized - respectively - in 1995 and 2005, in Brasília/DF; 2) management reports from two main secretariats in the dialogue between social movements and the state: SEPPIR and the Secretariat for Continuing Education, Literacy, Diversity and Inclusion (SECADI); and 3) PNLD’s notices, documents that held the criteria of the materials to be evaluated and purchased by the program. These include all the items that are used throughout the selection process as parameters that indicate whether or not the book is eligible for purchase by the Federal Government. The inferences made from this documentation started from the content analysis proposed by Laurence Bardin, a methodology that allows us to observe the arguments used on both quantitative and qualitative grounds. As a theoretical reference, it was used the category of practiced space, based on Michael de Certeau, which allowed us to take advantage of a conception of school space that was not delimited by the walls that surround the educational institutions. This work is based on the relations that are established between the groups and the subjects involved in discussion and problematization of the teaching for the ethnic-racial relations, as well as of the Afro-Brazilian history and culture and the institutions and organs responsible for the implementation of anti-racist public policies in the country. At the end of the work, it was found that the PNLD sought to comply with the requirements of public policies and, consequently, the demands placed by the Black Movement, mainly in the qualification of the concepts and terms used, in the direct indication of the specific legislation that refers to anti-racist education in Brazil, and also in keeping the deepness that the guidelines uses against prejudice and forms of discrimination had in the general framework of the notices. These changes in the notices, even not been explicitly as a claim in the documents produced by the Black Movement and their events, are the result of a circulation of the demands brought by the activists of the Movement, who also worked in various secretariats, councils and institutions that made distance for civil society. 

ABSTRACT Virgil’s work has been analyzed for countless historians. His most notable book, Aeneid, is a high point in Latin literature, in a period known as the Golden Age of the poets. However, beyond its funcion in literature, Aeneid also show us some important conceptions to the roman culture, politics and religion in the 1 st century B.C. This research aims to analyze the space inhabited by the romans dead in the Aeneid’s cantus VI, seeking to understand the function of this space to the narrative and the relation with the roman imaginary about the afterlife. Our goal is to analyze how Virgil builds that imaginary space with narrative elements and aligns Aeneia’s journey through the Orco with the roman mortuary culture in the 1 st century B.C. The roman funeral pratices are also a study object in order to support our analysis. The methodology used in this research is the speech analysis, specifically the method of narrative totalities, in which all narrative encircles the central theme and the structure narrative feed this central idea. After that, logical bases are created to support the plot and the outcome of the story. The author is inspired on the real and draws the elements which follow a logical narrative line to create his story.

This work investigates the relations of power and processes of territorialization that the cangaceiro1 Virgulino Ferreira da Silva, better known as Lampião2 (1898-1938), constructed through the establishment of a network of protectors and coiteiros3 and in counterpoint to a network of opponents, between the years of 1920 and 1928, in the states of Pernambuco, Alagoas, Paraíba, Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte. Here the cangaço lampiônico’s4 space is not understood as given and pre-established, but as a result of the games of power and of the multiple relations that this cangaceiro has dealt with prominent subjects of the sertaneja5 politics within the context of the call First Republic. The territory is here perceived in its procedural dimension making it possible to interpret Lampião's actions as producers of multiple territories, which have gained diverse spatial configurations, such as: networked territories, territories in zones or territories in movement. Three types of sources were explored in this research: the newspapers, which published news about Lampião, between the years 1920-1928; the police reports and the memorialist bibliography about the cangaço and the band of Lampião. Starting from the problematization of these productions and the dialogue with the historiography of the theme, I try to understand how the multiple territorializations of the cangaceiro Lampião took place.

This examines the admission of “mestiços” (mixed race) individuals into the Captaincy of Rio Grande’s military administration, with an emphasis on the ones who resides in Ribeira do Seridó, in the backlands of Captaincy of Rio Grande’s riverside, between the 17th, the 18th, and the first years of the 19th centuries. To do that, it also discusses the quantitative profile of the settlers who took on roles in the Rio Grande military administration, in order to therefore make sense of the role reserved for “mestiços” in the aforementioned space in comparison to others qualified as white, black, or indigenous individuals. In consonance with this, it also investigates the institutionalization process of the military administration in the Captaincy of Rio Grande and underlines the difficulties involved with the military service in this colonial territory. This analysis also includes the role of the military institution in the process of territorialization of Ribeira do Seridó, which had a military structure as its first territorial and institutional landmark, in between the Lusitanian efforts to expand towards the American countryside: the Casa Forte do Cuó (“Cuó Stronghold”), built between 1686 and 1687, furthermore highlighting the existing relationship between this administrative institution and the construction of colonial territory in the analyzed context. Methodologically, this has taken into consideration the play of scales, as discussed by French historian Jacques Revel, in which macro (the Captaincy of Rio Grande) and micro (Ribeira do Seridó) spaces meet to make it possible to approach the military administration’s role in territorializing Ribeira do Seridó, as well as the social composition of the military corps then existent in the Captaincy of Rio Grande. In terms of documentation, this is supported by military (assignments of army personnel), parochial (baptism, marriage and death registries), and judicial (post-mortem inventories) sources, determined by the aforementioned temporal-spatial outline and submitted to data crossexamination, as well as to quantitative, serial and qualitative analyses. This work makes it possible to fill in some of the historiographic gaps in terms of research concerning the military administration in Ribeira do Seridó and in the Captaincy of Rio Grande itself, focusing on the role of “mestiços” within that field of colonial administration

The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the constitution and consolidation of the Brazilian Catholic social space centered in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the 1930s, as well as the social and political restructuring of the Brazilian Catholic Church carried out through the project of Neo-Christianity headed by Dom Sebastião Leme. To this end, we chose as a time frame the period from 1930 - 1935, because we believe it to be a strategic moment to understand the Church's actions and strategies, which sought to reconstruct its relations with the state, shaken since the Constitution of 1891 made it official and made, also, the rupture between church and state. Faced with this new reality, the Church made new agreements and drafted new plans of action, such as the creation of the Catholic Electoral League, which by granting Church support to candidates who would defend their interests, helped elect a number of deputies who would became defenders of Catholic interests within the Constituent Assembly of 1933. In connection with this, we seek to follow the trajectory of some important Catholic agents, largely responsible for directing, coordinating, and disseminating Church projects in the first half of the 1930s. In keeping with the principles of Pope Pius XI's encyclical Ubi arcano Dei consilio, of 1922, which encouraged Catholics to leave the private realm and work to build a Christian society. In this sense, we are interested, above all, in the trajectories of Archbishop Sebastião Leme, one of the most outstanding Catholic characters of the twentieth century, leader of the Neo-Christianity project and organizer of the Catholic Electoral League; Bishop José Pereira, bishop of Niterói and director of the Vozes de Petrópolis Publishing House, was responsible for the publication of important Catholic books, which served the Boa Imprensa and, finally, Father José Cabral, editor-in-chief of the newspaper A Cruz, organ of the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro and the Catholic Confederation, which, being one of the leading Catholic periodicals of the period, was responsible for giving voice to the most outstanding Catholic intellectuals, especially the laity, engaged in the construction of Catholic anti-communist discourse. Father J. Cabral also stood out as a writer linked to Catholic reactionary, publishing the works Conceitos e Factos and A Miragem Soviética, examples of this aspect of his production, as we will explain throughout the work. The newspaper A Cruz, the Proceedings of the 1933 Constituent Assembly, and the above mentioned Father J. Cabral's books constitute the principal sources of this work. Theoretically, we highlight the contributions of Pierre Bourdieu, Edward Shils and Renato Amado Peixoto, writers who base the discussions regarding the Church's spatial performance and the relations between the political and religious fields.

This work aimed to reconstruct the trajectory of José Augusto Bezerra de Medeiros (1884-1971) in national education projects between 1915-1921. It is understood that this trajectory had three moments. At first, the character made education as his goal of life, presenting himself to the public opinion as a specialist in pedagogical subjects and as a defender of education. In the second moment, we can perceive their insertion strategies, as well as their performance in national education projects. The performance in question was marked by the tensions between his personal yearnings for the country's education and the limits imposed by other members of these projects on his claims. From these tensions, their projects were negotiated, accommodated and underwent modifications. The third moment concerns an extension of the trajectory analyzed. This is the process of building the memory of José Augusto as an educational pioneer based on certain images created during his performance in national education projects. It was analyzed how he, as well as his relatives and friends, contributed to this extension that guaranteed him the position of hero of brazilian education. The periodization proposed takes into account José Augusto's entry into the Câmara dos Deputados, a moment that, according to his words, he began to dedicate himself to the mental and moral construction of the nation (PEREIRA, 1982; p-243) and his participation in the Conferência Interestadual de Ensino Primário (1921), the last national education project that he attended. In general terms, the documentary corpus mobilized in this research is composed of the production of the character - speeches and parliamentary projects - periodicals, books, association programs, institutional minutes and government reports. From a theoretical and methodological point of view, the work is mainly based on the concepts of network of functions (ELIAS, 1994), framing of memory and underground memory (POLLACK, 1989) and the notion of culture (GINZBURG, 2006).

The present study aims to investigate the contribution of Rio Grande do Norte’s History as an academic subject in Rio Grande do Norte’s schools during the First Brazilian Republic, with the intention of identifying the transformations e continuities on the matter during this brief republican experience. The purpose is to understand how the subject had been approached on schools in the formative process of the new citizens in the context of the republican ideology. In this sense, this work aims to identify the main topics, the created educational material and how teachers, as well primary and secondary students, received this theme. Therefore, the sources for this research are the program’s content and topics, the Provincial Presidents’ speeches, and the reports made by the directors of state’s department of education. The study uses the idea of school culture, curriculum and school subject as Dominique Julia, Ivor Goodson and André Chervel proposed, respectively, for its theoretical basis. These conceptions will be operationalized aiming to understand the logic behind the continuity of the referred subject on school’s program during that period. About the method, this work will be divided in three chapters. In the first chapter I’ll write about when the politicians recognized the importance about teach the local history; In the second chapter I will deal with what images were transmitted about the state; Finally, I will deal with how this school subject should be taught in the perspectives of the social actors involved

This work aims to analyze the biography and narratives of Bartolomé de Las Casas, concentrating on perceiving aspects of the formulation of his discourse, its structure and how its propagation has the result of producing an image about the New World in the 16th century. The argument to be defended is based, fundamentally, on the analysis of the source: Brevísima relación de la destruición de las Indias. In this section, we analyze the representation of otherness, the mechanisms of writing about the Other, and the propagation of these discourses in the period. Las Casas, in its text, presents a process of decoding, systematic deviation and translation mechanism for Europe to understand the representation on the West Indies. In this regard, it became possible to produce a study analyzing the New World constitution narrated by the dominican from the reflections of his eurocentric vision on the given territory. Being this a vision produced from the real, the contact provided by the Spanish colonization produced a "cover-up" of the Other, because, Las Casas produces in its writings a differentiated space when characterizing the discovery by Colombo with essentially european characteristics. 

RESUME Cette dissertation a pour objectif d'analyser les représentations de Cléopâtre et de l'Egypte forgées par Plutarque dans l'œuvre Vie d’Antoine. Dans la biographie du général romain, Plutarque enregistre sa vision de la reine d'Égypte et de l'Orient. Parlant d'un lieu idéologiquement marqué, du point de vue d'un citoyen d'une polis grecque (Chéronée) qui vivait sous l'autorité romaine, Plutarque ré-configure les faits, les données, enfin, l'histoire elle-même, avec une écriture biographique, documentaire et historique et, en même temps, stratégiquement, dramatique, théâtral, émotionnel et moralisant. Cette recherche a pour but de montrer que Plutarque, lorsqu’il compose l’image identitaire de Cléopâtre et la représentation de l’Égypte, le fait dans une perspective impérialiste et orientaliste, conformément à la conception romaine des faits ré-traités. Les principales catégories d'analyse utilisées dans la réalisation de cette dissertation sont l'impérialisme, l'orientalisme, la romanisation et la représentation / identité. L'instrument théorique, ainsi que les auteurs et les textes sélectionnés, offrent les bases épistémologiques nécessaires pour soutenir les procédures analytiques et permettent de développer des points de vue sur le corpus choisi. La méthodologie utilisée dans l'analyse est basée sur la forme traditionnelle du travail de l'historien, à savoir la critique interne et externe des sources, associée à l'analyse du contenu. Nous voyons que Plutarque, à partir de dichotomies d’opposition stéréotypées soutenues par des idéologies moralistes et moralisatrices, soumet la reine d’Egypte et d’Orient à la supériorité supposée fondée sur une hiérarchie culturelle et morale, en accord avec la propagande romaine. 

This study had as objective to analyze the profile and a trajectory of the captains-major of Rio Grande and Ceará between the years of 1656 and 1755, as well those who tried to occupy this position, but did not succeed. The temporal cut is explained by the need to compare two captaincies in different political statutes throughout the period, with Ceará being a captaincy annexed to Pernambuco since 1656, while Rio Grande only acquired such status in 1701 acquired such status. Therefore, it was intended to compare the profile and a trajectory of the rulers of the captaincies when one was annex and another not and, then, when both are annexes. Based on this comparative study, it was possible to better understand the distribution of the royal agents according to a hierarchical spatial logic adopted by the Portuguese Crown.

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This work aims to produce a study of criminality from the bodies and spaces in the municipality of Mallet, located in the Araucaria forests of the state of Paraná. We sought to concentrate this research between the years 1931 to 1950, a period when the records of crimes intensified, having the bodies as areas reached in conflicts conducted to the judiciary power. Since the end of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century the territory where Mallet-PR was developed was defined by the contact of the cabocla population with thousands of Slavic immigrants, mainly of Ukrainian and Polish ethnic backgrounds, who settled there as a result of colonization strategies of southern Brazil. The relations developed between the different inhabitants of these predominantly rural areas implied in the formation and delimitation of spaces marked by tensions, disagreements and violence that inscribed their signs in the bodies and that gained governmental visibility in the decades of 1930 and 1940. With Mallet’s criminal processes as the main documentary support and serial history as the methodological basis, we intend to investigate how criminal records gained momentum beginning in 1931; what relations the bodies established with the spaces in these occasions of conflicts; how the disagreements were linked to the temporal, ethnic and cultural singularities of the residents and the judicial and police authorities; and what were the recurring patterns, discontinuities and perceived ruptures in the crimes that hit the bodies between 1931 to 1950. Finally, having the cartography as the concept to be used in this study on the criminality, this work intends to understand the spaces related to crimes in their different flows, becoming and movements, as well as intents to place the presence of the body as a fundamental aspect and inseparable from the historiographical narrative.

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The present work has as its theme the pastoral visits in the Sertões do Norte de Baixo do Bispado of Pernambuco, from the case of the visit of the Côvo Garcia Velho do Amaral. The Sertoes of the North of Baixo are analyzed as a spatiality integrated to the bishopric of Pernambuco from the visits, as well as to analyze the circulation of the visiting priests in this Department and its influence in the visited parishes. The Pastoral Visits were an instrument of the prelates to try to establish in the parishes of Portuguese America, eighteenth century, the directives of the Council of Trent and to obtain information about the moral conduct of clerics and laity. The purpose of the views was before to intimidate, to maintain the possibility of a punishment, to punish. The visits, like the ecclesiastical justice itself, fought the sins transmuted into crime, on the argument that some sins were a cause of scandal. He was the bishop, according to the First Constitutions of the Archbishopric of Bahia, 1707, supported by the Tridentine Council, which was to visit his diocese. However, because of the territorial expanse of the bishoprics, the bishops in Portuguese America, very commonly, sent priests in their name, chosen among the most prominent clerics of the bishopric. The visit of the Canon Manuel Garcia Velho do Amaral to the parishes of the Sertões do Norte de Baixo, in the name of Bishop Francisco Xavier Aranha, occurred between 1762 and 1766. The procedure of the visitor motivated complaints to the prelate that, in response, issued a decree ordering that a summary of witnesses be prepared on the actions of Cônego Garcia do Amaral during his visit. A total of 96 witnesses were heard, from these reports it was possible to perceive the complaints that made the visit a target of a process. The testimonies contained in the summary also allowed the analysis of the faithful society of this spatiality and how the visits impacted this population.

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This work aims to analyze how the construction and operation of the Leprosário São Francisco de Assis, occurred between the years 1923 to 1941. Built in 1926 and officially inaugurated in 1929, in an area distant six kilometers from the city, this space had the purpose of isolate all lepers notified in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Leprosy, currently defined as a chronic and bacteriological disease, during the 1920’s, part of the group of endemic diseases that were viewed as a national problem and should be compulsorily notificated. The fight against leprosy, regulated by Decree No. 16,300, on December 31, 1923, was carried out through the compulsory isolation of patients in leprosarium or agricultural colonies. Following the national guideline, against the leprosy, Rio Grande do Norte built the leprosário São Francisco de Assis. Directed by Doctor Varela Santiago, this Leprosarium was built to offer patients a full life, with activities of work, leisure and proper treatment. In view of these points I asked what are the reasons for the construction of this isolation? How was this space structured physically? Who were your inmates? What are the practices developed in this space? The present work is based on the articulation of the History of Disease and the history of Space, so my objective is to investigate the changes and permanences that occurred in the concrete space, the Leprosário São Francisco de Assis, developed in the fight against leprosy. In order to respond to the proposed questions, I used as a source: newspapers from 1920 to 1950, published in different cities such as: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Recife and Maranhão; Official documents, such as Decrees, Resolutions and Message of Governors presented at the Legislative Assembly; Clinical documents present in the archive of the Leprosário São Francisco de Assis.

This dissertation has the purpose to understand the contribution of the Bolsa Família Program and the Contextualized Education. The latter uses the CAT method - Know, Analyze,Transform – as a way towards the empowerment of women from Bahia’s semiarid region in relation to the permanence and changes in social, political and organizational structures, analyzing how empowerment restructures the insertion of women and changes the public/private dichotomy in the context of rural communities on the Sisal Territory. The Bolsa Família Program, through the policy of income transfer, control and management of resources, interferes in the autonomy, self-esteem and economic independence of women in relation to their spouses, as well as through conditionalities, brings the poor population towards public services such as health and education, being that this situation interferes on the intergenerational cycle of poverty when it comes to the beneficiary families. On the other hand, the contextualized education through a political pedagogical project of empowerment and coexistence with the semiarid region stimulates the political protagonism and participatory citizenship of women. On the grounds that this work is a History of the Present Time, our research emerged of life story narratives based on the selection of a representative group of women, with questionnaire application as well as interviews were conducted with the subjects. Additionally, the present dissertation uses bibliographic survey and other secondary sources of research. The results point to the expansion of women's spaces in economic, family and educational decisions. The conclusion is that women appreciate the financial independence generated by the Bolsa Família Program and the reduction of dependence towards their partners, as well as the decision-making power for the planning capacity that Bolsa Família provided for the beneficiaries. It is important to note that women from civil society organizations which maintains some connection with MOC/CAT actions openly speak of changes in roles within their families, with virtually all of them feeling as the main providers or, when that’s not the case, as one who share responsibilities when it comes to the use of resources within the family. The research perceived a great difference between the value attributed to the rural’s education by the beneficiaries who were students themselves of CAT school and with an active role in the Civil society when compared to the group women in which only had children enrolled in CAT school. Women who were CAT students and worked in civil society organizations believed that Contextualized Education has had a transformative role in their lives, meanwhile the group of women who had children enrolled, were even sometimes unaware of the CAT terminology. Therefore the economic empowerment of these women through the control of family resources by facilitating decision-making when connected to the development and participation through Contextualized Education, have contributed to the empowerment and inclusion of women in the public spaces of society.

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This dissertation aims to analyze how the cultural memory of the perception of paradise and indigenous people were updated in the national cinematographic production throughout the Civil-Military Dictatorship (1964-1985), specifically in the film Como é gostoso meu francês by Nelson Pereira dos Santos. It is assumed that Paradise is a spatial conception historically constructed that, united with its main inhabitant (Native American) composes a spatial cut of the edenic landscape. The hypothesis is that Nelson Pereira dos Santos' film installed possibilities of allegorical readings through the use of this edenic landscape. The research relates the visual studies and the historical analysis, focusing in the identification of the visual and discursive matrices with which the film dialogues. However, for this it will be used the narrative-iconological methodology, based simultaneously on the narratology of David Bordwell (2013) and iconology of W.J.T. Mitchell (2000). For the former the narrative is fundamental for the understanding of the film’s object. As for the latter, the critical iconology of Mitchell (2000) allows access to the iconological elements and to the visibility regimes historically constituted. That said, the present dissertation will analyze the representations of the edenic landscape that lie in cultural and visual memory, which are present in the composition of the cinematographic image in a way that helps the understanding the manner the film perceives and constructs a certain image of Brazil.

This study analyzes the many aspects of the first cinematographic representation of the Seridó and its relation to the political culture of brazilian cinema. From the end of 1978 to the beginning of 1979, the feature film Boi de Prata was filmed in Caicó - Rio Grande do Norte, and was one of the first movies produced through the decentralization policy of the newly created state movie company Embrafilme. By producing the film both about and in the Seridó, where he was born, the director Carlos Augusto Ribeiro Jr created an imagetic narrative about the Seridó’s Sertão and Brazil as Third World territories, providing an alternative to the dispute between the conservative and the progressive-marxist notions of the decentralised spatial production. We’ll show that the director acted according to the Brazilian cinema tradition, which is to contribute to the regional and national identity, by using topics of the popular culture such as religion, legends, music, dance and oral literature.

The Book of the Dead is one of the most known documents of Ancient Egypt. It is a kind of guide, which the deceased used in their search for eternity. It reveals some Egyptian ideas concerning the post-mortem destination, presenting the world of the dead as a place where the Egyptians should essentially practice what they did in life. We identified the presence of two recurring motifs in the Book: the need to move and the need to eat after death. Through these, the dead could recover from the chaos represented by the finiteness of the physical body. In this study, we propose to classify and analyze these two recurring motifs in the chapters of Ani’s Book of the Dead, which dates from the New Kingdom. Based on that, we conceived that the world of the dead was an extension of the world of the living, and the Book of the Dead was a real cartography of the beyond.

Ramesses III (1187 – 1157 BC), the second pharaoh of the XX Egyptian dynasty, reigned during the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, in the context of a delicate political and social climate, with invasion attempts by foreigners, workers’ strikes and an attempted regicide in the midst of a coup d’etat. Despite the adversities, this Pharaoh was the responsible for the construction of a sumptuous royal cult complex at Medinet Habu, the last large monumental structure erected in the New Kingdom. In this sacred space, one of the best preserved examples of templar axial structure of the time, gathers much of the Egyptian cultural heritage of the period, its artistics and architectural patterns, sculptural models, their myths, anxieties and rituals, its beliefs in the afterlife and the roles of the Pharaoh as the main mediator between the divine and the human spheres. Considering this, based on the cultural memory concept, this work aims to realize an analysis of the memorial temple of Ramesses III, through its iconographies and its inscriptions, searching to demonstrate how this may have been used to perpetuate a long-term memory of Egyptian society and its values, highlighting the different types of resources and strategies that have been adopted in this space to the consolidation of this remembrance project and of the self-image of Ramesses III at the time.

This study aims to reflect on the identity constructions about Seridó as portrayed in works of Potiguar artists Iran Dantas, Assis Marinho and Assis Costa (1960-2010). The works will be analyzed from vision applied in Social History of Art, which is a relationship between the artist, the work and society, based on the methodological theoretical assumptions of Michael Baxandall, T. J. Clark, Enrico Castelnuovo and Jorge Coli. In addition to referring to Stuart Hall, Albuquerque Junior and Muirakytan K. Macêdo in the discussion of cultural and regional identity. We aim to question the representative icons in this space marked by a historical construction characterized by the multiple dimensions of human experience and daily life pervaded of a collective imagination, creating a sense of belonging to the place, establishing a spatial identity. In this perspective, the aim is to develop an outline that can contextualize the art produced in the interior of Rio Grande do Norte. Starting out with the artists Newton Navarro and Dorian Gray Caldas, we discuss a reflection on their works provided, which constitute an iconography built to identify the state, solidifying some sense of identity, particularly towards the city of Natal. Thus, the iconography of these two painters provides a pictorial reference repository to Seridoense artists such as Iran Dantas, Assis Marinho and Assis Costa, who produce a set of images creating a way to see this regional space. In practical terms, the study proposes sew the threads of these artists’ pictorial fabric, full of historicity, seeing art as a human and historical production, pervades with an imagetic-discursive construction. One can say that the sense of Seridó identity is built on a regionalist discourse and reaffirmed in the pictorial production of the artists who have their aesthetic and cultural singularities. In addition, we emphasize the understanding of individual and creative universe for each of them in developing their art.

This  study  has  as  purpose  analyzing  the  construction  and  use  of  representations  related  to 

Haiti  and  United  Nations  Stabilization  Mission  in  Haiti  (MINUSTAH)  troops,  during  the 

polítical crisis, between 2004 and 2014. Versions of how the United Nations (UN) Security 

Council  (SC)  sees  the  conjuncture,  and  inside  it,  the  Brazilian  position  about  Haiti,  were 

analyzed  through  the  SC  meetings,  as  well  as  versions  built  by  the  Haitian  press.  It  was 

enquired how happened the view exchange between these two distinct actors and how their 

produced images interacted, sometimes getting  close, distant or even in  conflict. To do so, 

different historical sources were used in the analyzes.  Regarding the UN Security Council, 

were subject of study, the UNSC meetings and resolutions adopted, as well as the reports of 

the Secretary-General on the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. As regards to the 

Haitian press, two periodicals were subject of analysis: the Haïti Libertè and Le Nouvelliste. 

In  the  occasions  which  the  Brazilian  position  was  subject  of  analysis,  further  the  UN 

documents,  Republic  Presidents  speeches  and  Foreign  affairs  representative  speeches  were 

also used.

The theme of the present work is the construction of a Brazilian territory in the South Atlantic. When we observe the national territory building process, based on the analysis of the constitution of the maritime borders of the Brazilian state, our central problem concerns to the understanding of how this National State operationalized the full exploration of a new territory, in the 1970s, with the extension of the Brazilian Territorial Sea to 200 nautical miles. Thus, in the first chapter, we will turn to the administrative changes of the Brazilian state and the formation of a state techno structure in order to provide the state organization of a new technical and administrative logic, to give support to the new maritime boundaries. Therefore, the intervention of the State in researches about the sea and advertisement about the new limits, was one of the supporting pillars of the mentioned project. In the next chapter we will take a brief study about the proposals of a support group for the extension project of the Territorial Sea of 200 miles, operationalized by the Navy of Brazil. In the last chapter, we will discuss about the fragility of the Brazilian government to support the Territorial Sea of 200 miles, against the imposition of fishery agreements made by countries that did not recognize the new maritime boundaries of Brazil.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the devotion that is featured in Dr. Carlindo figure de Souza Dantas to be killed on October 28, 1967 in front of the Caico Sports Club was raised to the level of miracle worker Cemetery. The investigation of this research was based on ritualistic practices made by faith communities around the Carlindo grave, which is located in Campos Jorge Cemetery. Fact that symbolically enhances the tomb in place of devotion, search for miracles. From the cultural history surrounding the traditions, myths and customs of a people we analyze the formation of the Seridó imaginary, which transformed the medical Carlindo the most sought miracle of Seridó Potiguar region. We will work with religious settings, holiness, death and remembrance for understanding an "alternative sacred." This is when we examine the aspects favorable to the emergence of miracle workers. The space, beliefs and social context is fundamental to understand the religious behavior of caicoenses. Just then, it was through the individual and collective memories, the images that we see a devotion in which the devotee maintains a direct connection with the miracle worker Carlindo Dantas.

ABSTRACT

In this work, we analyze the historical construction of a well-established image in the Brazilian imaginary: Pasárgada. Believing that images are made of the various investments of desire which incide upon them, that they are elaborated and reelaborated in the course of time, we aim to expose here the birth and the successive reformulations of Pasárgada in the work of Manuel Bandeira. Hence, we divided our investigation in four chapters: firstly, we approach the social decline of Manuel Bandeira’s family, marked by the transition of an idealized patriarchal regime and a new era of bourgeois and urban social relations in Brazil. In a second moment, we examine Bandeira’s first works, A Cinza das Horas and Carnaval, composed after the poet became ill in 1904, to expose some of the creative procedures that would persist in his later work, also being used in the creation of the poem “Vou-me Embora Pra Pasárgada”. In the third chapter, we investigate the development of new creative procedures and resources by Manuel Bandeira during the Brazilian “roaring 1920s”, acquired in the contact with three different artistic fronts: the bohemian scene, in Rio de Janeiro; the Brazilian modernist movement, in São Paulo; and the traditionalist regionalism, led by Gilberto Freyre in Recife, which provided Bandeira with the ideas and the poetical resources he would employ in the creation of the poetical space called “Pasárgada”. Lastly, in the fourth chapter, we discuss the “biographical” sense that Bandeira and other authors would associate to this poetical space after the publication of Libertinagem, in 1930, starting a series of biographical and autobiographical texts that culminate in the publishing of  Manuel Bandeira’s autobiography, Itinerário de Pasárgada, in 1954.

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ABSTRACT

In the beginning of the 21^st century, in Rio Grande do Norte, many communities have declared themselves as indigenous and started to charge the warranty of their rights as citizens towards Brazilian State. According to IBGE/RN, the number of indigenous people in the State is equal 2.597. Therefore, the studies of that phenomenon (the indigenous rise) has been limited to the anthropologic analysis area, remaining absent of historiography analysis. We can infer such absence, until certain point, it’s due to the studies developed by local intellectuals during the 20^th and first years of 21^st century. We analyzed some works dedicated to Rio Grande do Norte’s History in order to understand how it was built what we can call “indian missing thesis” in the state. Thus, we analyzed historically the rising process, the construction of identities and the traditions of Potiguara do Catu (Goianinha/Canguaretama – RN). Finally, we examined the construction of space by those subjects (from an effective cartography) considering a set of material and mystic possibilities that are part of this indigenous identity affirmation process.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work is to build a historical biography of North Rio Grande José Leão Ferreira Souto (1850 - 1904) and from there analyze the gestation of a potiguar identity in the transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century. It is intended, first, to understand how social and political relations were woven that allowed Jose Leon to adjectivize an identity to a specific people, linked to a space, Rio Grande do Norte; and, second, to realize as a concrete subject, who lived the transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century, left his small province and approached thoughts and ideologies that come from Europe and emerging still in a limited way in Brazil. Throughout the text will be sought to demonstrate that this potiguar identity was gestated in Rio de Janeiro and was directly linked to movements of thinkers who lived through the transition from Empire to Republic. For the execution of the work was done a mapping of biographical studies in Brazil, highlighting the works of Adriana Souza and Benito Bisso. From a theoretical point of view the work is anchored in contemporary biographical studies, among which stand out Sabina Loriga and François Dosse. Research sources are organized from materials dispersed in various cities and had not yet been systematized, composed of three types of documents, namely the written production of José Leão Ferreira Souto; productions written by other authors that make references to it; and finally the productions written by others without even making references to José Leão bring explanatory material about the time he lived and on the ideas produced. This study presents three basic conclusions: the biography of a concrete subject shows that European ideas that arrived in Brazil in the nineteenth century were not simply imported because there were elements of internal disputes favoring continuous adjustments to the original assumptions; the building of a potiguar identity was gestated in Rio de Janeiro from positivist principles; Existed in the early years of the Republic, groups (silenced by memory) that made opposition to the oligarchies, surpassing the interpretation that the local oligarchies had “superpowers”.

ABSTRACT It appears at beginning of XXI century, in Sector II UFRN, an anti-prohibitionist collective organizing as marijuana marches (since 2010) and cycles of debate in Academic Scope. This work seeks understand anti-prohibitionist movement historicitys in Rio Grande do Norte that is, from 2010, deep on History of the collective Antiprohibitionist Students and Other II Sector goers UFRN Cannabisativa and their connections, processes, productions, concepts, images and memories, that constituent as spatiality and how temporalities multicultural contemporary. The issue of drugs and one of the central themes of our social reality times. Problematize the knowledge about the "drug" is the objective of this research, raising social importance of questioning, linked procedures to history and oral critical analysis documental. Get ahead here some examples that are associated with discussion of "drugs" as the inequalities social thematic, the criminalization of the poor and black, the ineffective public policies, inefficient laws. This dissertation discusses about erasing culture and history (cannabis) that resurfaces on the XXI century in bodies resistance and on the materials practices and society imagery, by prohibited uses, by legalization discussion, by for the images and meanings attributed to the anti-prohibitionists fights in the last year.

Quais os usos e funções do ensino de História na vida dos sujeitos? A partir disso, como os
currículos escolares estão sendo pensados? Quais os elementos simbólicos e disputas que
estão envolvidas nesse processo? Partindo desses questionamentos, a presente pesquisa busca
problematizar os usos e funções do ensino de História em relação à construção ou definição
de uma identidade norte-rio-grandense. Para tanto, utilizaremos a disciplina “Cultura do RN”
percebendo-a enquanto uma política de estado que objetiva levar ao conhecimento dos
agentes escolares expressões culturais que estão ligadas a uma identidade potiguar. Desse
modo, investigaremos as narrativas que foram selecionadas, organizadas e produzidas diante
do processo de institucionalização da disciplina no ano de 2007 e que modificou a Estrutura
Curricular do Ensino Fundamental das escolas públicas estaduais do Rio Grande do Norte.

Esta pesquisa tem como finalidade discutir as transformações ocorridas no processo de formação territorial de Angicos/RN, desde sua ocupação colonial registrada na segunda metade do século XVII, até a criação da Vila, na primeira metade do século XIX.Em seu texto, enfocam-se especialmente as relações existentes entre a produção dos espaços e a disputa pelo poder político. Para entender essas relações, foram utilizadas as seguintes fontes: Jornal A República, Relatório dos Presidentes de Província, Decreto Provincial que cria a Vila dos Angicos e a Paróquia de São José, Código de Posturas da Câmara de Angicos, documentos do acervo do Projeto Resgate de Documentação Histórica Barão do Rio Branco e cartas de sesmarias, encontradas na Plataforma SILB (Sesmarias do Império Luso Brasileiro). Como metodologia, elaborou-se a compreensão da questão espacial associada ao contexto social e político colonial/imperial, através da análise das fontes documentais e bibliográficas, de forma a problematizar a formação territorial angicana à luz do conjunto historiográfico sobre o tema desenvolvido. Nas considerações apresentadas, foram tomados como base os conceitos de território, de Milton Santos;espaço, de Henri Lefevre e de lugar, de Cláudia Damasceno.

As crônicas jesuíticas foram, por muito tempo, uma das principais fontes históricas sobre o período colonial. No entanto, a organização e a regra da Companhia de Jesus influenciaram na descrição que os seus membros fizeram do Novo Mundo. As visões e conceitos da Companhia foram transportados da Europa, adaptados ao ambiente colonial e, por vezes, modificados pelo contato que tiveram com os nativos, o que se refletiu em suas representações sobre o Novo Mundo e os nativos. Parte dos escritos jesuíticos foi dedicada às representações do Novo Mundo, que foi visto de início como Paraíso, depois como Inferno, Purgatório e, por fim, como Terra. As figuras femininas também receberam representações diferentes, que acompanharam as do Novo Mundo, pois os seus costumes influenciaram o modo como eram vistas e representadas nas epistolas jesuíticas, como também nos sermões do Pe. Antônio Vieira. Assim, as mulheres tupi ora foram representadas a partir da ideia de Eva, ora como demônios e ora como seguidoras de um ideal mariano. Mas essas mulheres também foram vistas como mulheres humanas e com uma forte influência sobre a sociedade colonial, assim, enquanto mulher terrena, a mulher tupi foi utilizada como instrumento de alianças e seu trabalho aproveitado pela Ordem jesuíta. Portanto, o objetivo da minha pesquisa foi compreender a organização e a regra que regiam a Companhia de Jesus, para então examinar o mundo colonial a partir das correspondências dos jesuítas e, assim, analisar as representações feitas por eles do Novo Mundo e da mulher Tupi entre os séculos XVI e XVII e como esse olhar se refletiu na proposta jesuítica para a colonização. Assim, quando os jesuítas utilizaram a mulher tupi na formulação de alianças, quando organizaram o tempo e o espaço para terem essas mulheres como ajudadoras na pregação do “evangelho”, eles trabalhavam para obterem o principal objetivo da Ordem: a “salvação das almas perdidas”. Em nossa pesquisa utilizamos Roger Chartier para compreendermos o conceito de representação que usamos para definir o olhar dos jesuítas sobre o Novo Mundo e as mulheres tupi; como também Laura de Souza e Mello para compreendermos o olhar demonizador europeu sobre os nativos.

O estudo problematiza, por um lado, a produção do jornal Tribuna do Norte como um elemento de intervenção na esfera pública do Rio Grande do Norte; por outro lado, a publicidade do crime em suas mudanças históricas. A discussão teórica reuniu Habermas (2003) e Thompson (2013), entre outros, os quais lançam ideias sobre a relação da imprensa com o espaço público. O recorte compreende de 1950, ano de fundação do periódico, a 1970, quando do início da vigência do AI-5. Esse período assinalou a consolidação do referido veículo de comunicação no contexto do populismo de Aluízio Alves, bem como sua articulação com as mudanças políticas antes e depois do golpe militar de 1964. A publicidade do crime é buscada como uma construção histórica, envolvendo procedimentos jornalísticos, sujeitos e espaços. A publicidade compreende questões comerciais e políticas quando determinados acontecimentos são transformados em um evento público. Nesse sentido, o foco desta pesquisa é a publicidade em sua dimensão política. A questão principal é analisar de que maneira o jornal se consolidou e publicou o crime pelas palavras impressas. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de um estudo empírico, de ordem documental e de base qualitativa, com abordagem descritiva e interpretativista, conforme Luca (2008). O corpus de análise foi composto de notas, manchetes, notícias, reportagens, propagandas comerciais, textos imagéticos, entre outros gêneros. Os capítulos reúnem o estudo sobre as construções e transformações do jornalismo populista; a publicidade do crime em tempos democráticos; além de o golpe militar de 1964 e as transformações da publicidade do crime. Os resultados da análise revelam que a Tribuna do Norte, embora tenha adotado modelos mais liberais da imprensa norte-americana, permaneceu, durante esse recorte, contemporizando com padrões conservadores e autoritários dos velhos impressos potiguares. Quanto à prática política, apesar dos interesses mercadológicos diversos, foi elemento importante na trajetória desse jornalismo ambíguo, inclusive influenciando, de maneira significativa, as confecções da notícia de crime. 

Do final do século XIX as primeiras três décadas do século XX, o Sertão do médio Pajeú pernambucano e principalmente o município de Serra Talhada (Vila Bela), se transformaram em palco de uma guerra quase que secular entre as famílias Pereira e Carvalho. A ostentação de sangues e brasões em Vila Bela, acabou por contribuir para um processo de espacialização das relações de poder entre uma liderança rural, no caso dos Pereiras, e uma liderança urbana, os Carvalhos. Campo e Cidade se configuraram como territórios de conquista e manutenção de poder. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os conceitos teórico-metodológicos de poder e espacialização, além de território como categoria espacial fundamental para compreender o conflito entre as Famílias Pereira e Carvalho no município de Vila Bela, atual Serra Talhada, como um episódio histórico de espacialização das relações de poder no Brasil do início do século XX.

O Manguebeat foi um movimento cultural de caráter urbano que teve como uma de suas principais expressões a música, marcada pela hibridação de estilos da música pop com a tradição da música local. Em uma cidade central nas discussões em torno da regionalidade nordestina, tais artistas propuseram um deslizamento das formas tradicionais de lidar com arte, questionando as regras do cânone do folclore e da relação entre erudito e popular. Por consequência, outro limite foi posto em causa, a saber, as fronteiras da própria região. Em uma espécie de cosmopolitismo localizado, os mangueboys, como se chamavam os adeptos do movimento, propuseram um conceito que tinha como emblema uma parabólica fincada na lama. Desse modo, do repertório de experiências locais, ampliava-se o olhar para o transnacional, distanciando-se da recusa em “contaminar” a tradição local por elementos exógenos (como colocava, por exemplo, o Movimento Armorial, idealizado por Ariano Suassuna). Paralelamente, ao passo que se rejeitava uma forma engessada de pensar a localidade, a memória tradicional da região, ligada a um passado colonial ibérico, também era posta em xeque. No vácuo dessas representações, recorria-se a imagem do manguezal como a expiração de uma nova identidade para a cidade. Deste modo, Recife era vista como um produto do mangue e de seus rios e deveria, num momento de suposta inanição cultural, recolher dali a inspiração para a necessária renovação. Na análise do movimento, a questão central, que transpassa nosso trabalho, diz respeito ao diálogo dele com as representações espaciais locais de Recife, o que se evidencia no diálogo travado entre o Manguebeat e o Armorial (representante do regionalismo no momento estudado), e se desenvolve em sua relação com o espaço físico da cidade e com o mercado fonográfico brasileiro e internacional, algo que encontramos em matérias de jornais, revistas especializadas, entrevistas dos músicos e nas produções artísticas propriamente ditas. Dentre os aspectos destacados nessa nova forma de representar-se estão a biodiversidade daquele ecossistema (que em termos de cultura se expressa na predileção por diversidade) e a relação orgânica entre o homem e aquele meio, recorrendo a imagem feita pelo romancista Josué de Castro do mangue como produto e produtor do seu habitante. Assim, compreendemos o Manguebeat enquanto um movimento de revisão da identidade tendo por ponto de partida aspectos da contemporaneidade que apontam para uma revisitação dos conteúdos locais a partir de elementos globais, tendo por resultado um produto híbrido.

Nesse trabalho, investigamos a construção simbólica de uma dada espacialidade, partindo do pressuposto teórico de que os espaços são construções subjetivas que se dão no interior de diferentes culturas, articulando sentimentos e racionalidades, mas, sobretudo, os espaços são construções humanas conduzidas pelas relações sociais, fruto do investimento material e simbólico que traduz as necessidades de uma determinada sociedade em um dado momento do devir histórico. Nesse sentido, analisaremos a construção simbólica e imagética da região central de Portugal, o Alentejo, a partir da produção literária (1916 – 1930) da poeta portuguesa Florbela D’Alma Conceição Espanca. Propomos analisar a obra florbeliana não só a partir de suas relações internas, mas também externas, enfatizando a ligação entre história, espaço e literatura. Dessa forma, propomos indagar acerca da dimensão simbólica – dos significados, das imagens e das representações – que incitou uma das mais controversas poetas portuguesa do início do século XX à se debruçar na construção poética do espaço alentejano, questionando não só os sentidos agenciados pelo discurso literário de Florbela Espanca para inventar o seu Alentejo, adornado pela memória, pela dor e pela saudade, mas investigar como o meio sociocultural em que viveu influenciou na sua obra, na sua vida e nas formas de sentir e viver o Alentejo. Para melhor compreendermos como a poeta significou a espacialidade alentejana, ao longo desse trabalho problematizaremos três categorias de espaço na obra de Florbela Espanca: a região, o campo e a paisagem. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa se insere no campo da história cultural na medida em que vamos trabalhar com toda a produção literária de Florbela Espanca, cartas, diários, fotos e biográficas e críticas literárias, delimitando um recorte temporal de 1916 – início da atividade intelectual de Florbela Espanca – à 1930 – publicação de Charneca em Flor(póstumo) e o suicídio da poeta. Portanto, num constante exercício simbólico das palavras atravessado pelos sentimentos mais subjetivos do sujeito, a todo o momento nosso trabalho será guiado pelo questionamento do que seria o Alentejo para a poeta, que sentidos e significados atravessou essa espacialidade que marcou tão soberanamente as memórias mais felizes e tristes da vida de Florbela Espanca.

O intuito deste trabalho foi analisar o processo de cristianização espacial nos diferentes espaços da Freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Apresentação, no período compreendido entre 1681 e 1714. Para isso, o principal fundo documental pesquisado foi o livro de registro de batismo da freguesia em questão, sendo o recorte da pesquisa pautado pelos dados encontrados. Assim, os espaços da freguesia foram pensados com base em dois conceitos fundamentais, o de cristianização dos espaços (e das almas), baseado obra de Cláudia Damasceno, que trabalhou com a noção de circunscrição eclesiástica, mas reelaborado para o caso da Freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Apresentação, e o conceito de experimentação espacial, de Yi-Fu Tuan. Cristianizar os espaços representa o processo de transformação da lógica espacial, encontrada previamente pelos portugueses, por meio da inserção da lógica eclesiástica, fosse pela construção de prédios, fosse pela iniciação das pessoas ao catolicismo. A experimentação, por sua vez, seria feita pelos moradores das localidades estudadas, bem como pelos próprios religiosos, transformando esses espaços, em lugares, na medida em que conferiam novos significados aos locais. Percebeu-se, portanto, que a Freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Apresentação contava com, pelo menos, três espaços distintos, o da Cidade do Natal, o dos aldeamentos e o espaço de atuação das Missões Populares, sendo esses diversos espaços o foco deste trabalho.  

O objetivo da dissertação é analisar como em diferentes espaços de sociabilidade João Café Filho constituiu um discurso de defensor dos trabalhadores e do movimento operário. Pretende-se compreender, por um lado, como foram estabelecidas relações políticas entre diferentes categorias de trabalhadores e as “classes médias” e, por outro, como foram instituídos espaços para abrigar o encontro dessas relações. Almeja-se compreender a inserção de Café Filho nas atividades sindicais no mundo urbano. Demonstra-se especificidades da cultura política em Natal, enfatizando-se a disputa entre uma cidade regida politicamente por mentalidade rural paternalista ainda reinante e o surgimento de uma nova forma de vivenciar os conflitos urbanos que se apresentavam. Temporalmente o trabalho está delimitado entre 1921 (ano proclamado pelo próprio Café Filho como o período inicial da sua ação política) a 1937 (ano em que Café Filho rompeu com Vargas e exilou-se na Argentina). Três tipos documentais se constituíram como fontes principais para a investigação: vários jornais publicados, entre as décadas de 1920 e 1930, nas cidades de Natal, Recife, São Paulo, Porto Alegre e Rio de Janeiro; as memórias autobiográficas escritas pelo próprio Café Filho e memórias de outras pessoas que viveram no tempo dele. Os principais esteios que deram sustentação ao trabalho foram: os conceitos de sociedade e indivíduos (Norbert Elias), de culturas políticas (Serge Berstein) e de teatro da memória (Angela de Castro Gomes); a categoria espaços de sociabilidade (Michel Certeau, Maria Teresa Malatian e Jean Pierre Riox); a noção de biografia (François Dosse e Sabina Loriga).

O processo de interiorização da posse portuguesa nas Capitanias do Norte – após a expulsão dos holandeses e com o desenvolvimento das atividades ligadas à criação de gado no sertão – expandiu o território português na América. Este processo teve como consequência o avanço da conquista portuguesa na região e os conflitos envolvendo os agentes da colonização e os grupos indígenas que habitavam aquele espaço, bem como os conflitos de interesses dos principais grupos sociais da capitania e pelas políticas de defesa da posse lusa do território. Dentre os rios que cortavam o território da capitania do Rio Grande, o Açu foi um dos que despertou interesse entre os conquistadores e colonizadores dos sertões, fazendo daquela espacialidade uma área onde interesses e exercícios de poder convergiam e geravam discórdias. A presente pesquisa tem como temática a análise do processo de territorialização do sertão do Assu a partir da ação de desbravadores, conquistadores e colonizadores do espaço em questão, ao longo do evento conhecido como Guerra dos Bárbaros no Assu, conflito que garantiu a integração da área ao território e aos anseios da Coroa portuguesa. Assim, tomar-se-á como objetos de estudo os fenômenos sociais que caracterizaram a ribeira do Assu – na virada do século XVII para o XVIII, em um recorte que se estende de 1680 a 1720 – como um espaço de conflitos de interesses, perceptíveis para análise a partir de documentos de época, tais como registros de concessões de sesmarias, correspondências entre autoridades coloniais e reinóis, documentos oriundos do exercício da administração da América portuguesa e legislação. 

No ano de 1878, na província do Rio Grande do Norte, entre Ceará-Mirim e Extremoz, foi fundada a Colônia Agrícola de Sinimbú. Neste lugar chegaram a reunir-se cerca de 6.600 homens e mulheres pobres livres, fugindo da terrível seca de 1877, mas também motivados pela promessa de acesso aos gêneros de primeira necessidade, moradia e cuidados médicos, mediante trabalho, como defendiam os representantes do poder local e central. No entanto, não foi isso que os retirantes efetivamente encontraram, já que as condições dentro do estabelecimento agrícola chamavam atenção pela penúria e violência, conforme denúncia apresentada nos relatórios presidenciais daquela época. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar os conflitos ocorridos na Colônia Sinimbú, procurando enfatizar as tensões e interesses dos representantes das elites locais e do governo central, relacionados à construção e posterior fechamento desse espaço, num contexto marcado pelos debates acerca do controle do trabalhador pobre livre. Assim, procuraremos demonstrar que, se por um lado, foram criados espaços institucionalizados que visavam submeter o nacional livre a uma lógica de trabalho pautada na disciplina do corpo, no controle do tempo e no ordenamento do espaço, por outro não se pode desconsiderar as diferentes formas de resistência impostas pelos homens e mulheres pobres livres, submetidos ao processo de reordenamento do mundo do trabalho.

 Investigamos neste trabalho a construção simbólica de uma determinada espacialidade. Partimos do pressuposto teórico que os mais diferentes espaços são construções sociais, fruto de investimentos materiais e simbólicos, realizados em dados momentos e por determinados fatores. Nesse sentido, examinamos a fabricação simbólica do engenho açucareiro a partir de algumas produções literárias do romancista paraibano José Lins do Rego. Almejamos inquirir acerca da dimensão simbólica – significados, valores e imagens – mobilizada por esse literato para constituir a propriedade canavieira. Concedendo uma atenção especial às obras do chamado “ciclo da cana de açúcar”, questionamos-nos sobre os sentidos e significados agenciados pelo discurso literário de José Lins para ficcionar o engenho, forjando essa espacialidade de uma dada maneira. Situando-nos no campo da história cultural, trabalhamos com uma variedade de fontes: romances literários, prefácios de livros, escritos memorialísticos e jornalísticos, cartas trocadas entres intelectuais e livros de história. Nosso recorte temporal vai de 1919 – início da atividade intelectual de José Lins - a 1943 – publicação de Fogo Morto, último romance por nós analisado. Em termos simbólicos, o que seria o engenho, essa espacialidade que marcou soberanamente a vida e a obra literária de José Lins do Rego? Foi o questionamento estrutural que moveu a corrente pesquisa.

Este trabalho objetivou analisar as formas de apropriação e uso do solo urbano de Cidade Nova, terceiro bairro oficial de Natal (Rio Grande do Norte), entre 1901 e 1929. Nesse período, os poderes municipal e estadual iniciaram uma remodelação urbana, tentando transformar a cidade, representá-la como nova, modernizada, capaz de acompanhar o progresso e a nova condição política da capital de um estado republicano.  Observa-se em Cidade Nova a construção de um novo território material e simbólico: a área, que outrora era ocupada por casebres construídos pelos retirantes da seca e algumas casas de veraneio, foi, a partir de 1901, transformada, esquadrinhada por meio de um plano urbanístico. Em Natal, várias resoluções municipais publicadas entre 1901-1929 demonstraram os anseios do grupo dirigente em construir em Cidade Nova um bairro aprazível, modernizado em suas estruturas, que refletisse a nova condição política da capital de um estado republicano. As análises dos editais, das matérias publicadas no jornal A Republica e Diário do Natal e, principalmente, o estudo das cartas de aforamento, demonstraram como muitas leis foram ressignificadas ou descumpridas, destacando as continuidades existentes. Assim, ao longo do trabalho pretende-se analisar como esse território foi ocupado e utilizado pelos seus habitantes, como a concessão de terrenos em aforamento pode exemplificar essa prática e descumprimento das leis e como esse território foi utilizado para consolidar relações de influência e poder. Afinal, os valores conferidos a um espaço, transformando-o em território, resultam da dimensão social desse espaço, ou seja, das categorias sociais que o utilizam. Não se pode, portanto, analisar as formas de apropriação e uso do solo urbano no terceiro bairro de Natal sem estudar os indivíduos que se apropriaram e usaram esse território. O estudo do processo de concessão de aforamentos de terras localizadas nesse bairro demonstrou a formação de um tipo de mercado específico, em que estavam em jogo não somente trocas econômicas, mas também e, sobretudo, trocas simbólicas, envolvendo capitais políticos e sociais. A análise desse mercado pessoal desenvolvido com as terras de Cidade Nova pode indicar as relações de poder existentes entre governo estadual, Intendência e foreiros, fornecendo um exemplo significativo desse processo de modernização da Natal do início do século XX, guiado por um grupo mais abastado e influente e caracterizado por mudanças sociais limitadas. 

A construção do espaço luso-brasileiro na América portuguesa ocorreu por meio de constantes conflitos travados entre diferentes indivíduos e instituições. No que se refere à posse de terras, tais conflitos agravavam-se dependendo dos sujeitos envolvidos e de seu contexto. Na capitania do Rio Grande, destaca-se o conflito pela posse da terra Cidade dos Veados e Olho d’Água Azul e seus envolvidos: padres da Companhia de Jesus missionários do aldeamento de Guajiru; índios da missão de Guajiru; e membros da família Carneiro da Cunha. Em 1725, o padre jesuíta da missão de Guajiru solicitou uma légua de terra no lugar chamado Cidade dos Veados para os índios de sua missão alegando que a terra que a missão possuía não era suficiente para a subsistência da mesma. Em 1727, o padre solicitou outra légua de terra no lugar Olho d’Água Azul, afirmando que a missão possuía mais de 192 casais. Ambas as terras foram devidamente requeridas para a missão de Guajiru. Em 1760, entretanto, com as mudanças impostas pelo Diretório dos Índios, o ouvidor responsável pela averiguação das posses indígenas percebeu que os índios não ocupavam as duas terras solicitadas na década de 1720, devido ao fato de João Carneiro da Cunha ter se apossado das mesmas. Em decorrência disto, os impasses pela posse da terra são reascendidos. Deste conflito pela posse da terra Cidade dos Veados e Olho d’Água Azul, pretende-se destacar, sobretudo, as motivações e as mentalidades possessórias acerca da propriedade de cada uma das partes envolvidas. Busca-se compreender como as motivações de cada grupo envolvido possibilitou o uso de estratégias específicas e estabelecidas para tentar tomar posse das terras Cidade dos Veados e Olho d’Água Azul. 

Esta pesquisa tem como finalidade estudar as ações escravas na Comarca do Príncipe, Província do Rio Grande do Norte, (1870/1888).  Tomando o espaço como uma categoria significativa na relação servil, investiga-se como ocorreram as negociações sobre as condições do cativeiro e liberdade na jurisprudência da Comarca do Príncipe.  Os escravos são entendidos como sujeitos que lutaram por melhores condições de vida no cativeiro e para alcançarem a liberdade, por vezes recorrendo a atos considerados criminosos. Para apreender suas ações nesse meio sócio-econômico-ambiental da Comarca do Príncipe, recorreu-se a variados tipos de fontes: processos cíveis e criminais, relatórios do presidente da província do Rio Grande do Norte, o censo de 1872, jornal O Assuense, Livro do Fundo de Emancipação do Município do Príncipe (1873-1886) e Leis Imperiais. Para o tratamento e análise das fontes realizamos a catalogação, a leitura, a transcrição paleográfica, a classificação das temáticas encontradas na documentação, a análise e o cotejamento das fontes e a quantificação estatística, submentendo os dados empíricos a uma discussão construída de acordo com os atuais debates historiográficos sobre o tema.

O período conhecido como Ditadura Militar (1964-1985) representou um momento da História do Brasil marcado pelo controle do Poder do Estado pelas Forças Armadas em conjunto, este iniciado com o Golpe Civil-Militar de abril de 1964. Caracterizou-se enquanto um momento onde as liberdades políticas e de expressão foram colocadas em cheque por medidas autoritárias e repressivas tomadas pelos governos militares. A seccional do potiguar da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB/RN), assim como o Conselho Federal da instituição, apoiou o estabelecimento do referido golpe, mas a partir dos anos de 1970 empreendeu medidas que buscavam corroborar com as lutas em torno da redemocratização do país, o que contribuiu para a consolidação da sua imagem de defensora da ordem democrática. Com o título inspirado no XII Encontro da OAB de outubro de 1988, a pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a participação da OAB/RN e seus membros no âmbito da redemocratização brasileira. Esta análise se inicia no ano de 1979 com a participação da entidade nas discussões da Anistia Política até a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, uma vez que a Carta Magna representa o começo de um Estado de Direito pleno. Procuramos entender o objeto enquanto espaço de redemocratização, aliando os conceitos de História, Memória e Política. Nos norteamos teoricamente nas análises feitas por Jacques Le Goff, Pierre Nora, Maurice Halbwachs, Pierre Bourdieu e Hannah Arendt. Recostruímos o período de redemocratização em terras potiguares dando luz as ações da OAB/RN, sobretudo nos seguintes eventos: Anistia Política de 1979, nas mobilizações em torno da campanha das “Diretas Já!” e na Constituição de 1988. Fazemos uso de legislação, atas, jornais e entrevistas construídas com base na História Oral.

 Na noite do dia primeiro de abril de 1981, a cidade de Santa Cruz foi tomada por uma inundação que destruiu o sangradouro do açude Santa Cruz e de boa parte da cidade, fazendo com que a população das áreas mais baixas abandonasse suas casas. Residências e ruas mais próximas ao açude, ao rio Trairi e ao riacho do Pecado foram totalmente afetadas, sendo muitas das casas e prédios públicos completamente destruídos. Localizada no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, a cidade de Santa Cruz é marcada por um clima muito quente e semiárido. Com uma média de precipitação pluviométrica normal de 498.7 mm ao ano, a cidade é acometida pelas secas desde o início de sua fundação, por volta do ano de 1831. Para que seu desenvolvimento tivesse continuidade, foi necessário que a população efetivasse diversas intervenções no meio natural, principalmente no que diz respeito ao armazenamento e à distribuição de água. Tendo em vista o processo de ocupação do espaço em questão, bem como as relações que os grupos humanos estabelecem com o meio natural, temos como objetivo analisar de que forma as intervenções humanas afetam o ambiente ao seu redor, modificando-o de forma a atender as suas necessidades e interesses. Desse modo, pretendemos compreender de que modo a cobertura jornalística possibilitou a construção de um quadro da tragédia. Pretendemos ainda observar como a ocupação de Santa Cruz levou à modificação de seu entorno, buscando discutir os efeitos das intervenções humanas sobre os desastres naturais. Dentre as fontes de pesquisa, destacamos os jornais A República, o Diário de Natal, a Tribuna do Norte, O Poti e a Folha de São Paulo, bem como entrevistas com o então prefeito da cidade de Santa Cruz, Hildebrando Teixeira de Souza, e com o casal José Henrique de Pontes e Severina Águida de Pontes, cuja casa foi atingida pela enchente. Também analisaremos mensagens do governo do estado, atas da câmara de vereadores de Santa Cruz e relatórios produzidos pelo DNOCS sobre a construção do açude e sua vistoria após a enchente.

 Na segunda metade do século XX houve a ascensão da imagem do Quilombo dos Palmares e de seu líder Zumbi como heróis da liberdade, do povo negro e da nacionalidade brasileira. Porém, no final do século XIX a imagem do Quilombo estava longe de ser positiva, representava tudo que as elites intelectuais e políticas brasileiras não gostariam que estivesse vinculada a nacionalidade. Em quase cem anos o Quilombo dos Palmares passou de inimigo da nação ao status de herói nacional; deixou de ser um grupo de africanos que impediria o progresso da civilização brasileira, para ser a grande epopeia do negro brasileiro. A quantidade de escritos que abordavam esse tema, aumentou consideravelmente, durante o século XX, demonstrando a importância atribuída a Palmares, pelos intelectuais deste período. Dentre os estudiosos, estava o médico e antropólogo alagoano Arthur Ramos, ministrante de uma conferência em 1938, intitulada “O espírito associativo do negro”, e autor do capítulo “A República de Palmares”, publicado em 1939 no livro “The negro in Brasil”. O objetivo, por conseguinte, foi analisar o espaço imaginário, o Quilombo dos Palmares, composto por Ramos nos seus escritos, relacionando a construção desse espaço com a tradição historiográfica sobre Palmares e a “cena de produção” em que o autor estava inserido. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida entre os campos da História Cultural dos Espaços e da História da Historiografia. O Quilombo dos Palmares foi compreendido como espaço imaginativo, seguindo as colaborações de Edward Said concentrando-se nos significados simbólicos ou poéticos. Para analisar a historiografia, utilizamos a análise do discurso, fundamentada na descontrução de Jacques Derrida, na qual pensamos como um procedimento de questionamento, de decomposição e de re-organização dos discursos. Juntamente, com a operação historiográfica de Michel de Certeau, possibilitou compreender os mecanismos da escrita da história. Nos textos de Arthur Ramos, estavam concentradas as principais conclusões de uma nova perspectiva sobre Palmares. O professor Ramos, colocou-se como herdeiro de Raimundo Nina Rodrigues, dando continuidade as pesquisas sobre as populações negras no Brasil, ocasionando uma narrativa concentrada nos próprios palmarinos, não nos seus conquistadores. No entanto, distanciou-se da perspectiva racista de Rodrigues, aproximando-se da antropologia cultural norte-americana, possibilitando a produção de Palmares como resistência ao processo de aculturação imposto aos escravos. Como leitor das produções dos Institutos Pernambucano e Alagoano, principalmente de Jaime Altavilla e de Manoel Arão, conhecia uma narrativa heroica do evento, ainda que ligada a construção das identidades estaduais. Arthur Ramos ampliou esse discurso, ao produzir o Quilombo dos Palmares, como obra da qualidade e capacidade do Negro brasileiro, então o início da visão nacionalista sobre esse monumento histórico.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo diagnosticar e analisar a utilização do cinema no espaço escolar, mais precisamente, no ensino de História, a partir da perspectiva teórica do historiador alemão Jörn Rüsen e, assim, tentar observar em conjunto com os pressupostos da Didática da História, elementos como os usos públicos que são feitos da história pelo cinema. Neste sentido, a investigação das proposições de filmes encontrados nos livros didáticos de História, oferecem caminhos para compreensões acerca dos impactos causados pela narrativa cinematográfica na aprendizagem histórica, sendo essa, uma aprendizagem que ocorre, também, na vida cotidiana dos alunos, e não apenas no espaço escolar. Para tanto, foram utilizados os livros didáticos presentes no Memorial do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, aprovados nas edições dos PNLD/2005 e PNLD/2008. Para a realização desse diagnóstico utilizamos, além dos livros, os Editais de Convocação e os Guias do Livro Didático do PNLD como forma de compreendermos como se realizam as discussões e recomendações teóricas e metodológicas acerca das potencialidades da narrativa cinematográfica para as aulas de História e as possíveis aproximações destas com a teoria da história.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a vida intelectual natalense. No período de 1889 a 1930, definimos como intelectuais os indivíduos que produziram algum tipo de literatura na capital norte-rio-grandense, constituindo-se como produtores, mediadores e criadores culturais na capital potiguar. Durante as primeiras décadas da construção do regime republicano, o movimento intelectual na cidade do Natal se intensificou: os grêmios literários multiplicaram-se, as publicações de obras literárias aumentaram, a imprensa periódica, que se autointitulava de caráter literário, acompanhava o ritmo frenético das modificações na capital, os intelectuais da cidade promoviam novos eventos e buscavam novos espaços para suas reuniões. Nesse sentido, buscamos investigar a dinâmica cultural que foi constituída na capital do Rio Grande do Norte durante a Primeira República (1889-1930), realizando, assim, algumas possibilidades de leituras sobre o tema. Concedemos uma atenção especial à atuação desses intelectuais na imprensa, uma vez que a história da literatura na cidade encontra-se ligada à história do desenvolvimento da imprensa periódica potiguar. Situando nosso trabalho no campo da história intelectual, trabalhamos com uma variedade de fontes: jornais, revistas, memórias e obras literárias. Questionamos-nos sobre quem eram os homens de letras potiguares durante a Primeira República, sobre as articulações construídas por esses indivíduos entre si e com outros segmentos sociais de sua época, sobre as suas relações com a cidade, em suma, sobre o funcionamento enquanto grupo, ressaltando as regras, os laços e as disputas existentes no campo literário da cidade do Natal.  

    Esta pesquisa tem como intuito compreender como o Cemitério Santa Isabel, enquanto paisagem inserida no espaço urbano de Mucugê (Bahia), se construiu como símbolo da memória local. Esse processo de valoração teve início com o tombamento do cemitério – que foi construído em meados do século XIX – pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) juntamente com o conjunto arquitetônico da cidade em 1980. Nesse sentido, o Cemitério Santa Isabel, conhecido em Mucugê e na região por “Cemitério Bizantino”, além de ser um espaço funcional e simbólico desde sua edificação, vêm se consolidando, após sua preservação, como objeto histórico e como paisagem cultural símbolo da cidade diamantina.

RESUMO: Este trabalho aborda aspectos da escravidão e as alforrias no termo da vila de Arez, entre o último quartel do século XVIII e as primeiras décadas do século XIX. Procura-se identificar o perfil dos escravos e as possibilidades de alforrias em uma região periférica da América portuguesa e de poucas atividades comerciais, tendo em vista que as abordagens sobre a manumissão consideram as vilas e cidades, onde a dinâmica econômica era mais acentuada, como lugares de maiores possibilidades dos escravos trabalharem em diversas atividades que permitissem acumular um pecúlio e, desse modo, comprar a alforria. Para tanto foi necessário levantar aspectos da escravidão na localidade estudada, o que foi realizado com base em inventários do século XVIII e primeiras décadas do século XIX e alguns mapas de população e mapas de ofícios referentes ao início do século XIX, enquanto as informações sobre as alforrias foram analisadas com base nas cartas de liberdade, registradas no tabelionato da vila de Arez entre 1774 e 1827, em face da ausência de outros documentos sobre manumissão. Os livros de notas de Arez incluem documentos de todo o termo. Assim, pode-se observar as alforrias nas localidades rurais, na vila, sede do termo e, na povoação de Goianinha. Com base nas informações dos documentos pode-se abordar alguns aspectos da escravidão como o tipo de plantel predominante, as possíveis atividades nas quais os escravos estavam inseridos, além do perfil dos escravos alforriados, as modalidades da alforria e, com isso, discutir as possíveis relações entre o espaço e as alforrias e entre senhores e escravos.

O trabalho Cantos de bar: sociabilidades e boemia na cidade de Natal (1946-1960) tem por objetivo o estudo da boemia na cidade de Natal na segunda metade da década de 1940 e na década de 1950, por meio da análise dos livros de memória e das crônicas dos jornais A Ordem e A República. Para melhor compreender o tema, no primeiro capítulo buscamos mostrar as transformações ocorridas na cidade de Natal e, consequentemente, na sociabilidade natalense durante a primeira metade do século XX. A boemia, apresentada na dissertação como uma forma de sociabilidade, expressava-se por meio dos encontros nos bares e das serenatas. No segundo capítulo, o estudo realizou um mapeamento dos espaços da boemia (cafés, confeitarias, bares e casas de meretrício) e estabeleceu as diferenças entre esses espaços. Concebemos o espaço como palco das relações sociais, através das conversas entre amigos e dos interesses pessoais. O último capítulo tem o propósito de investigar a boemia na cidade de Natal através da experiência do cronista Newton Navarro, que percorria as ruas escuras do bairro da Ribeira em busca de bares abertos, estendendo sua boemia até a madrugada. A atividade intelectual do escritor estava associada às suas práticas boêmias. À medida que frequentavam as áreas marginais de Natal, escrevia sobre elas nos principais jornais da cidade.

Este trabalho busca realizar uma investigação a respeito das relações entre identidades de gênero e a toponímia da cidade de Caicó. Para isso, discutiremos o porquê dos lugares serem nomeados, a prática de nomear os lugares, como também discutiremos o processo de escolha dos nomes dos bairros, ruas e praças da cidade. Desse modo, investigaremos as mudanças espaciais na cidade de Caicó desde sua formação, como vila, até a década de 1970. Esse recorte temporal foi escolhido com o objetivo de discutirmos o processo toponímico da cidade, além de termos verificado que os locais e logradouros públicos de Caicó com denominações femininas só surgiram a partir da segunda metade da década de 1960 e início dos anos 1970. Nesse sentido, optamos por investigar quem foram as primeiras mulheres caicoenses que tiveram seus nomes instituídos no espaço urbano; porque as mulheres só passam a ser homenageadas a partir da década de 1960; qual a  importância e localização dos espaços que foram batizados com os nomes femininos; e que imagens de gênero estão  presentes nessas homenagens.

Esta pesquisa se situa nas discussões que envolvem a relação entre memória, história e espaços. Iremos trabalhar com o Café São Luiz no bairro da Cidade Alta em Natal, um espaço que se mantém aberto e fundado em 1953. O local foi inaugurado no bairro de maior movimentação da década de 1950, uma zona de concentração de comércio e lazer. Pela vontade de memória, o Café São Luiz foi representado por diferentes enunciados, os quais o construíram como espaço que serve de apoio à memória e à identidade de um grupo. Os discursos elaboram o Café São Luiz como um monumento, um lugar de memória, no sentido atribuído por Pierre Nora. Entre esses discursos de construção do Café São Luiz destaca-se o livro de 1982 intitulado Na Calçada do Café São Luiz de autoria de José Luiz Silva. Esta pesquisa pretende problematizar a construção do Café São Luiz como lugar de memória, problematizando suas representações, perpassando a autoria dos discursos sobre o lugar.  

O objetivo de nossa dissertação é estudar como os escritos escandinavos produziram uma identidade da Noruega em ideais bélicos dentro de uma compilação de sagas islandesas chamado Heimskringla e que tem parte de seu conteúdo voltado para narrativas de um momento conturbado do surgimento das monarquias escandinavas entre o século VIII e XI, a chamada Era Viking. O Heimskringla, também conhecido como “O Círculo do Mundo” é um conjunto de escritos baseados na memória oral islandesa sobre os reis noruegueses e a formação do território norueguês. Na medida em que investigamos a relação entre os membros da realeza, seus companheiros e os povos escandinavos, passamos a delinear as relações de memória, identidade e guerra. Nosso trabalho pontua a maneira como a guerra escandinava produz, em suas narrativas, espaços próprios, seja nas relações político-sociais entre seus participantes, na organização de seus conflitos, ou na localização das atividades guerreiras, onde os lugares transformam-se em pontos essenciais dessas narrativas. A guerra é ao mesmo tempo um lugar de afirmações identitárias e um espaço de práticas necessárias para o fortalecimento do poder real.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central analisar como se construiu o discurso da administração presidencial de George W. Bush para engendrar as Guerras Contra o Terror. Por meio de uma análise de fontes, revistas, jornais e discursos oficiais do Presidente; construímos uma pesquisa que apresenta o processo de desenvolvimento discursivo do governo estadunidense visando tornar crível ao mundo a existência de armas de destruição em massa no Iraque. Para realizar tal feito, o trabalho primeiro tenta descontruir o que seria o terrorista e suas ações contra os governos hegemônicos, além de realizar uma importante discussão com o tema da história do tempo presente e a necessidade de uma pesquisa como essa nos dias atuais. Ao desconstruirmos a ideia do ser terrorista apresentamos como o Presidente George W. Bush se utiliza dos atentados de 11 de setembro e o medo como ferramentas para construir uma guerra com uma intencionalidade real voltada para a conquista do petróleo iraquiano e terminar uma tarefa que seu pai, George H. Bush, havia deixada inacabada.

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar de que maneira a questão de limites entre o Ceará e o Rio Grande do Norte, posteriormente chamada de Questão de Grossos, esteve associada na formação espacial e identitária norte-rio-grandense na Primeira República. Ao longo dos três capítulos será analisado: as duas fases que o litígio se encontrou, desde o seu começo ainda no século XVIII até 1888 e sua retomada com a Proclamação da República, passando por diversas Instituições para ser resolvido somente em 1920;  o desenrolar da disputa no plano documental, historiográfico e identitário entre os I HGA-CE e IHG-RN ; e, por fim, o jogo político existente entre a oligarquia Albuquerque Maranhão , Manuel Pereira Reis e Rui Barbosa , explicitando ainda os silêncios e mitos construídos ao longo do tempo pela historiografia sobre as participações desses intelectuais.

O trabalho tem como tema a gestão do espaço urbano. Objetiva analisar o papel do Conselho de Intendência Municipal de Natal na formação de uma nova ordem urbana, entre os anos de 1904 e 1929. Para melhor compreensão do objeto de pesquisa, o marco inicial poderá ser recuado para 1890, especialmente no primeiro capítulo da dissertação. Neste capítulo, nos voltaremos para o estudo do Conselho de Intendência Municipal de Natal, analisando como era regulado o seu funcionamento, a relação dessa instituição com o governo do Estado e os seus mecanismos de atuação na cidade, entre outros pontos. No capítulo seguinte, faremos um estudo da elite que administrou a cidade do Natal durante a primeira República, entendendo que a análise da formação de um projeto de cidade moderna pela Intendência Municipal passa pela compreensão de quem foram os homens que estiveram à frente dessa instituição. No terceiro capítulo, analisaremos os limites da gestão municipal para pôr em prática os seus projetos para erguimento de uma nova Natal, entre os anos de 1904 e 1921. O último capítulo mostra uma Intendência reformulada, após um processo de racionalização administrativa, e uma cidade que se transforma, especialmente durante a gestão O’Grady, recebendo obras de maior porte, as quais alteram suas feições. Serão fontes principais de nosso estudo matérias do jornal A Republica, do Diario de Natal, resoluções e editais municipais, leis e decretos estaduais, e as mensagens de governo do Estado. Para a construção de um caminho de análise, utilizamos autores como Anthony Giddens, Peter Burke e Laurent Vidal, entre outros que discutem conceitos relacionados à temática aqui proposta.

Pretende-se analisar como Xenofonte, através de suas próprias visões e práticas sociais, constrói a imagem dos espartanos e seu regime políade, tendo como pano de fundo a questão da identidade e alteridade entre os gregos durante o intervalo cronológico que se segue do final do século V ao início do século IV antes da era cristã, período de grande turbulência política nas cidades-estado helênicas. Para tanto, lançaremos mão dos escritos em A República dos Lacedemônios e Anabásis, a fim de apontar três elementos que entendemos essenciais para a compreensão da narrativa de Xenofonte: a idéia de Cidade, o que é a Pólis para Xenofonte e como ele a define enquanto comunidade de Cidadãos; quem fora Xenofonte e de que maneias seu estilo narrativo é influenciado por suas vivências e experiências; e por fim, estabelecer através de que ferramentas Xenofonte aponta critérios de auto-definição, e exclusão entre os gregos antigos.

As cidades são textos. Textos escritos pelas sociedades que compõe os espaços.  A partir desta perspectiva propõe-se aqui uma leitura do bairro da Ribeira – Natal/RN.  Esse espaço se consolidou no início do século XX como centro comercial e cultural da capital potiguar, lugar de ação e de interação da Zona Central desta sociedade, espaço de inscrição dos signos da modernidade e do progresso então em voga.  Contudo, com o decurso do tempo e as transformações por ele exigidas, o panorama da cidade do Natal sofreu intensas modificações e o bairro da Ribeira foi relegado “à margem” desse processo, o que culminou na desvalorização, segregação e posteriormente na degradação do seu espaço, tornando-se um palimpsesto.  Ao abordar a dinâmica urbana que se processou no bairro da Ribeira, esta pesquisa dividiu o fenômeno em três fases distintas: valorização, transição e decadência.

O trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o planejamento, a construção e os usos do estádio Presidente Castelo Branco (Castelão), inaugurado em Natal, capital do Rio Grande do Norte, em 1972. Utiliza como principais fontes documentais os jornais impressos A República, Tribuna do Norte e Diário de Natal; fotografias das décadas de 1960, 1970 e 1980 e, finalmente, uma entrevista com Moacyr Gomes da Costa, arquiteto responsável pela construção do Estádio Castelão. Procura entender as mudanças e permanências advindas com a construção desse estádio para história do futebol e da cidade. Articula no corpo do texto a inauguração do estádio com o processo de mercadorização e massificação do futebol norte-rio-grandense, que ocorreu a partir da década de 1970. Indica os lugares onde se praticava o futebol em Natal antes da construção de um estádio e analisa as necessidades históricas que conduziram à edificação de uma praça esportiva. Discute a transformação das partidas de futebol em espetáculos lucrativos, que passaram a envolver grandes interesses econômicos. Investiga como políticos potiguares se utilizaram dos estádios de futebol como mecanismo de legitimação e concretiza esse debate com as atuações de Djalma Maranhão e de Cortez Pereira, que em tempos diferentes utilizaram esse mecanismo. Pesquisa os elementos que favoreceram a popularização vivenciada pelo futebol potiguar a partir da década de 1970, o papel da imprensa esportiva nesse processo e o surgimento das torcidas organizadas.

Em 1956, Luís da Câmara Cascudo publicou seu livro Geografia do Brasil Holandês. Neste livro, ele estudou e descreveu um espaço – o “Brasil Holandês” – de uma perspectiva histórica e geográfica. Para fazer isso, ele articulou ambas as perspectivas do ponto de vista de sua própria leitura da História do Nordeste, estabelecendo um diálogo com a tradição historiográfica de estudo do “Brasil Holandês” em Pernambuco. Ao retratar a presença holandesa no “Nordeste”, Cascudo articulou um drama em que os holandeses teriam sua história descrita como um enredo tipicamente trágico, retratados como se eles já estivessem condenados ao fracasso de antemão. A essa tragédia ele opôs um enredo português predominantemente cômico, como se a vitória portuguesa sobre os holandeses tivesse sido tão desejável quanto inevitável para o espaço do “Nordeste”. Ao narrar o embate entre holandeses e portugueses pelo espaço do “Nordeste”, porém, Cascudo terminou por delinear seu próprio lugar de fala, enquanto porta-voz da identidade do espaço potiguar em oposição ao espaço pernambucano descrito por Freyre e Gonsalves de Mello. Desse modo, o espaço norte-rio-grandense teria uma identidade própria, construída a partir da ausência holandesa e constituído a partir do legado português, contrariamente ao espaço de Pernambuco, narrado a partir de uma articulação e conciliação do legado holandês e português, mesmo que destacando este último. Enquanto os holandeses teriam sido uma presença constante na história pernambucana, para Freyre e Gonsalves de Mello, eles não teriam passado de lenda no espaço do Rio Grande do Norte, retirados de sua geografia e apagados de sua história.   Ao descrever a geografia do espaço potiguar, portanto, Cascudo articula a inexistência da História de um tempo dominado por flamengos com a busca de um espaço português, através da narração de suas origens e constituição, bem como pelo registro das características de seu legado.

Fundado em 1536, o Tribunal do Santo Ofício da Inquisição portuguesa estabeleceu-se enquanto instituição eclesiástica, mas subordinada ao mesmo tempo aos poderes reais. Entre as principais vitimas das perseguições efetivadas pelo Santo Ofício, se encontravam os cristãos-novos – judeus convertidos compulsoriamente em 1497 ou descendentes destes – que devido a sua condição sócio-religiosa foram insistentemente acusados de heresia. Esta dissertação realizou uma pesquisa histórica que buscou compreender a atuação da Inquisição no Brasil do século XVI sobre os cristãos-novos, sobretudo, aqueles acusados de conservarem ocultamente os costumes religiosos da lei mosaica, considerando as medidas de investigação e os procedimentos punitivos empregados pela Inquisição como parte integrante de um conjunto de ações produtoras de inseguranças sociais e produtoras/difusoras de medos nas populações sob inspeção. Nesse sentido, a abordagem partiu da análise da documentação produzida na primeira visita de inspeção inquisitorial realizada no Brasil quinhentista, concernentes as capitanias de Pernambuco, Itamaracá e Paraíba (1593-1595), não desconsiderando, no entanto, as fontes da primeira etapa da visitação, ocorrida entre 1591-1593 na Capitania da Bahia de Todos os Santos, mesmo que seu uso seja auxiliar e pontual. O objetivo da pesquisa foi entender as conseqüências dos procedimentos inquisitoriais no imaginário gerado sobre, e pela Inquisição, utilizando as expressões e indícios de medos relacionados a indivíduos cristãos-novos contidas nas denúncias apresentadas ao Santo Ofício como evidências documentais do temor causado pelo Santo Tribunal. A adoção de comportamentos específicos pelos cristãos-novos no espaço doméstico – sendo estes espaços apropriados e adaptados em detrimento das práticas religiosas características do judaísmo – caracteriza a perspectiva espacial do estudo, indicando assim, mais um objetivo do trabalho: compreender como os cristãos-novos experimentaram os espaços domésticos em um contexto histórico marcado pela vigilância de comportamentos moralmente condenados e geralmente considerados suspeitos de heresia. A pesquisa realizou a análise das denúncias e o levantamento quantitativo de alguns índices contidos na documentação para a compreensão do quadro geral de acusações e de como os indivíduos cristãos-novos se relacionavam com o espaço doméstico, utilizando-os para a manutenção da religiosidade criptojudaica, transformado os lugares de moradias muitas vezes em esnogas, sinagogas improvisadas para reuniões e celebrações de cristãos-novos judaizantes. As formulações de Michel de Certeau sobre as apropriações e significações dos espaços – apresentadas pelo autor na metáfora das “práticas de espaços” – foram integradas ao trabalho no sentido de compreender os modos pelos quais os cristãos-novos apropriaram-se das habitações coloniais, destinando a estes espaços uma linguagem muito especifica dentro do criptojudaismo, no qual as mulheres são figuras de destaque. Os trabalhos de Jean Delumeau e Bartolomé Benassar se integram na discussão sobre a Inquisição e as sensibilidades de medo realizadas no trabalho. A análise da documentação permitiu a compreensão do sentido e do grau relacionado ao temor geral que a Inquisição representava. Algumas denúncias são indicativas de medos que podem ser percebidos implicitamente, baseando-se em comportamentos e atitudes adotadas pelos cristãos-novos, outras, no entanto, são expressões diretas dos medos provocados pela alusão ou iniciativa das ações da Inquisição no Brasil colonial do século XVI.

Partindo do pressuposto teórico de que o sujeito é uma obra de rascunho em permanente “invenção”, os textos biográficos, as memórias escritas por Luís da Câmara Cascudo, entre os anos de 1967 e 1969, foram lidas como parte de uma estratégia discursiva montada pelo memorialista potiguar de construção de uma imagem de si profundamente ligada ao espaço da casa, a qual colaborou decisivamente para que o “professor e pesquisador de província”, após o anúncio da sua aposentadoria oficial, em 1968, fosse reverenciado na cidade onde nasceu como o santo de casa que “faz” milagre, se tornando, ainda em vida, o padroeiro literário da cidade de Natal. Seguindo uma ordem cronológica, que também é lógica, nós iniciamos o nosso trabalho com uma leitura sobre o modo como o memorialista potiguar selecionou, ordenou e espacializou as suas memórias da infância; problematizando, no capítulo seguinte, os significados atribuídos por Câmara Cascudo a casa no Tirol, transformada em “Principado do Tirol” pelo “jovem” príncipe Cascudinho; finalizando com as memórias do “velho professor aposentado” com o propósito de pensarmos o processo de sacralização da casa onde o “mestre” Cascudo morou quase quarenta anos de sua vida e produziu grande parte de sua obra, elegendo-a como monumento à sua memória, como a sua própria encarnação, como garantia de sua eternidade e perenidade, como seu santuário e lugar de adoração, o que vem sendo garantido pelas ações que, ainda hoje, a institucionalizam como sendo o seu espaço sagrado.

Este trabalho é uma discussão sobre as funções sociais da História e da Memória. Para tanto, foi pensado diante do 80º aniversário da Revolução de 1930, marco da (re)fundação da capital paraibana, pois esta memória e a produção historiográfica a respeito do tema nos é bastante instigante. Falar de João Pessoa, seja da cidade, seja do indivíduo; no que se refere aos episódios de 1930, é tocar em um assunto bastante passional, onde chegar a um consenso é algo extremamente improvável. O objetivo deste trabalho é problematizar as funções sociais da História e suas utilizações, notadamente por meio do nosso objeto de estudo, buscando contribuir para a compreensão de como a memória e a escrita da História são frutos do trabalho constante das sociedades que as engendram. Estudar sobre a produção da memória e da historiografia bem como a função da escrita da História sobre esses episódios, entendendo-os como espaços específicos de disputas, notadamente sobre os embates de memórias nos últimos dez anos, trazendo novas reflexões sobre as funções sociais destas memórias.

Uma cidade não é feita somente de ruas, calçadas, prédios, pontes e viadutos. A urbe é construída também pelas camadas de sedimentos do passado que se misturam com as camadas dos sedimentos do presente. A cidade é arte, é sociabilidade, é escrita. O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar como a cidade de Mossoró é construída historiograficamente pela narrativa de Luís da Câmara Cascudo.  Com esse objetivo, dividimos o trabalho em três capítulos. No primeiro, investigamos os investimentos que a prefeitura de Mossoró no início dos anos quarenta, sob a administração de Dix-sept Rosado, realizou para a construção do que seria a cultura da cidade. Uma cultura que estaria vinculada à criação de uma biblioteca, um museu, uma universidade, à realização de várias palestras sobre as temáticas da cidade, e à escrita da história de Mossoró. No segundo capítulo, abordamos as condições históricas de possibilidade que fizeram de Luís da Câmara Cascudo o historiador da cidade. No último capítulo, mostramos como Mossoró foi construída por Cascudo a partir da análise específica do livro Notas e documentos para a História de Mossoró (1955). Discutimos as condições de sua emergência, analisando o jogo de interesses que possibilitaram a sua produção.

A DIMENSÃO E DINÂMICA DO MERCADO PRODUTOR, CONSUMIDOR E EXPORTADOR DA CAPITANIA DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, NO PERÍODO COMPREENDIDO ENTRE 1750 E 1822 É O OBJETIVO PRIMORDIAL DESSA DISSERTAÇÃO. PARA TANTO, ESTABELECEMOS RELAÇÕES ENTRE A FUNDAÇÃO DAS NOVAS VILAS CRIADAS A PARTIR DE 1750 E SUA INSERÇÃO NAS REDES DE ABASTECIMENTO E MERCADO INTERNO, EVIDENCIANDO MAIS ESPECIFICAMENTE AS RELAÇÕES ECONÔMICAS COLONIAIS ESTABELECIDAS ENTRE O LITORAL E OS SERTÔES DA CAPITANIA. PARTINDO DE REFERÊNCIAS TEÓRICOS DE AUTORES COMO EDWARD SHILS E IMMANUEL WALLERSTEIN, INVESTIGAMOS TEMAS COMO: FORMAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO COLONIA, IMPLEMENTAÇÃO/AÇÃO DAS INSTITUIÇÕES COLONIAIS NO TOCANTE AS PRÁTICAS COMERCIAIS E AS DINÂMICAS MERCANTIS DA CAPITANIA DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE.

No ano de 376 da era comum, uma tribo de guerreiros germânicos conhecidos como tervingi (tervíngios), de origem gótica, cruzou o rio Hister (Danúbio) rumo ao sul, adentrando o Império Romano. Eles fugiam dos hunos, um grupo nômade que vinha do leste saqueando tudo em seu caminho. Não passou muito tempo até que tivesse início conflito entre as autoridades imperiais romanas e os refugiados. A paz foi alcançada em 382 e, dali em diante, os tervíngios seriam, oficialmente, foederati (aliados) dos romanos, ganhando o direito de continuar sendo uma tribo autônoma dentro das fronteiras do Império. Durante os treze anos seguintes os guerreiros tervíngios lutaram ao lado dos exércitos imperiais romanos em cada um dos conflitos importantes. Ainda assim, após a morte do imperador Teodósio I em 395, as relações entre eles se deteriorou severamente. Em teoria, os tervíngios permaneciam aliados dos romanos; na prática, haviam começado a extorquir dinheiro e outros recursos dos imperadores Honório e Arcádio. O saque de Roma pelo “rei” tervíngio Alarico em 410 foi tanto a culminação quanto o ponto de inflexão nesse estado de coisas. Durante a década de 410, os guerreiros tervíngios lutariam novamente ao lado dos exércitos imperiais romanos e seriam recompensados com uma porção de terra na área sudoeste da diocese gaulesa. Apelidados de “visigodos”, eles permaneceriam aliados dos romanos ao longo das décadas seguintes, consolidando seu próprio reino no processo. Esta dissertação trata não apenas do estabelecimento do reino visigótico na porção sudoeste das Galliae mas também das condições sociais e econômicas que restringiram a capacidade romana de defender por conta própria seu território, dando oportunidade para que foederati como os tervíngios arrancassem um pedaço dele para si.

A cidade que se apresenta aos nossos olhos não é constituída apenas de pedra. O traçado urbano esconde as táticas dos sujeitos que subjetivam os espaços, dando-lhe significação por meio das representações que elabora, sejam escritas ou orais. A cidade é arte, é representação, é o lugar onde se abrigam os bons e maus lugares. O objetivo desse trabalho consiste em analisar as representações acerca dos espaços ocupados pelos bordéis mossoroenses nas décadas de 1950 e 1960. Com esse objetivo organizamos o trabalho em três capítulos. No primeiro, apresentamos a constituição da zona do meretrício na cidade, destacando a composição das espacialidades boêmias em bons e maus lugares. No segundo capítulo analisamos como as representações elaboradas pelo jornal O Mossoroense criava uma espacialidade maldita para a zona a identificando como o lugar do crime e da contravenção. No último capítulo buscamos identificar como os moradores de Mossoró reconstroem, no tempo contemporâneo, as suas memórias sobre o tempo áureo dos bordéis na cidade. Nas narrativas orais buscamos compreender como as pessoas descrevem os lugares do bordel, comparando as espacialidades do passado com o presente vivenciado na cidade. Portanto, discutimos como esses espaços foram sendo transformados em lugares de prazer e maldição, como lugares comuns se transformaram em lugares marcados moralmente.

O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo, o Campinense Clube, agremiação social fundada na cidade Campina Grande, agreste paraibano, no ano de 1915. Esse clube atingiu seu auge durante as décadas de 50 e 60, recebendo a designação de “o mais elegante” ou ainda “o mais aristocrático”. Pretendemos discutir, que elementos foram responsáveis pela popularização desse soldalício. Acreditamos que a introdução das práticas futebolísticas a partir do ano de 1954 ainda de forma amadora, tenha aproximado a agremiação dos populares. Nossa pesquisa se estende de 1954 a 1965, momento em que o clube experimenta as fases do amadorismo e do profissionalismo no futebol, num momento em que a cidade vinha sendo contemplada por uma série de imagens grandiloqüentes, entre elas a de capital do futebol paraibano. Utilizaremos como fontes de nossas pesquisas o acervo dos jornais da cidade, onde seguiremos os caminhos percorridos pelo rubro negro paraibano, as atas do clube, onde iremos direcionar nosso olhar para as condutas e os códigos que fizeram do esporte bretão, um tema tão polêmico na agremiação, e as entrevistas com populares e membros do clube, onde discutiremos os significados adquiridos pelo ser campinense, de acordo com as experiências do futebol.

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo sobre a população escrava da Vila do Príncipe entre 1850 e 1888, a partir da documentação manuscrita dos acervos judiciais e cartoriais de Caicó e dos Relatórios de Presidentes de Província do Rio Grande do Norte. A problemática que move a pesquisa diz respeito à reprodução do escravismo em uma região de colonização pecuarística. Portanto, a investigação pretende entender como em um espaço sócio-econômico periférico (a Vila do Príncipe no Seridó agropecuarístico), após a proibição do tráfico africano de escravos, se sustentaram e se estruturaram as relações escravistas. Neste sentido, a pesquisa analisou a dinâmica sócio-econômica das unidades escravistas e sua relação com o espaço, estrutura de posse e a família escrava.

O presente trabalho, partindo de uma perspectiva que pensa o espaço como categoria histórica e, sobretudo, como relação na qual se destaca o papel dos objetos, visa propor uma análise do processo de construção de uma memória republicana na cidade do Natal, no começo do século XX, a partir de dois objetos: o obelisco inaugurado em 1917, na Praça André de Albuquerque, na ocasião das comemorações do 1° centenário da morte de Frei Miguelinho; e o quadro intitulado “Julgamento de Frei Miguelinho”, encomendado pelo Governo do Estado ao pintor fluminense Antônio Parreiras, para figurar no Salão Nobre do Palácio do Poder Executivo de então. A proposta mais geral é a de analisar a construção dessa memória a partir desses objetos, ao mesmo tempo em que se tenta pensar o papel destes objetos na construção dessa memória. Para tanto, nos propomos a traçar percursos nos quais fosse possível estabelecer relações associativas (entre pessoas, eventos, imagens, discursos, objetos, instituições etc.) que concorrem nesse processo, nesse caminho constitutivo de pertencimentos. Assim, o nosso procedimento foi o que acompanhar esses objetos através dos percursos dentro dos quais eles se tornaram possíveis, para que ao fim pudéssemos defender a ideia de que de que eles são participantes ativos dos processos que os instituem.

Tropicália diz respeito à tentativa de compreensão do Brasil e de uma identidade nacional caracterizada pela transitoriedade de tempos e espaços, de ação rizomática, de um perpétuo esgarçamento de fronteiras culturais e que ao mesmo instante age de forma sincrônica a instâncias como a da política e ao do social. A palavra criada pelo artista plástico Hélio Oiticica e por ele registrada no registro nacional de marcas e patentes a posteriori, foi usada para nomear a canção homônima de Caetano Veloso e também a esse fértil impulso cultural na virada da década de sessenta para os anos setenta, que teve a pretensão de formular novos espaços de criação e simultaneamente repensar os recortes espaciais da cultura brasileira, instigando-os a serem bem mais que um mito de um paraíso verdejante dentro de uma nova mirada de uma verdade tropical.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a Cidade do Natal durante a década de 1960, período de um dinâmico processo de crescimento urbano com o surgimento de novos espaços se constituindo ao redor dos núcleos de ocupação originários. Pretende-se discutir as construções em torno do espaço urbano proporcionadas por esta época de grandes transformações pela qual a cidade passava, tomando como base as discussões travadas em periódicos, a legislação e projetos de intervenção urbana. A análise sugere que tais construções podem ser apreendidas a partir de demarcações proporcionadas pela experiência do tempo, nas articulações entre os projetos de passado, presente e futuro. Neste sentido, discute-se aqui no intuito de intermédias as relações com o presente, com uma nova experiência do espaço urbano, por vezes conturbada, todo um passado da cidade é elaborado. O que está em jogo aqui são as disputas ente as imagens de uma Natal “antiga”, porém “moderna”, em face da Natal que vai se configurando. O presente impõe uma série de ações no sentido de conformá-lo, experiências que são levadas a cabo por necessidades específicas do cotidiano. É assim que se inserem as práticas da municipalidade do período que agem no sentido de legitimar os novos espaços que vão se configurando em Natal, mesmo que estes sejam renegados enquanto imagem da cidade a ser efetivada; e neste arcabouço também é elaborado um horizonte de expectativa, imagens de desejo. Baseados na utopia do progresso, na redenção pelo emprego da técnica, os Planos Urbanos construídos para Natal neste período se inserem nesta perspectiva, a partir de saberes específicos (do urbanista, do engenheiro, do economista). Apontamos assim, para o caráter múltiplo que o espaço urbano assume, seja no campo das materialidades ou das representações. Um espaço perpassado por relações de força onde está em jogo a construção de práticas e imagens da sociedade.