Expression of estradiol and testosterone receptors during the development of the gonad of Podocnemis expansa.
Amazon, turtle, gonadogenesis, gonadal differentiation
Podocnemis expansa, considered the largest freshwater chelonium in South America, presents temperature-dependent sex determination during the thermosensitive period of gonadal development. At this stage, the presence of temperature-influenced hormones triggers the formation of a testicle or ovary in the undifferentiated gonad. Of the hormones present in embryonic development, estrogen is a significant constituent for determining female sex. In this context, high incubation temperature regulates aromatase activity and estrogen production; in contrast, low temperatures cause a reduction in estrogen production and the increase of androgenic hormones. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of androgen (AR), estrogen (ERα and ERβ) and aromatase steroid receptors by means of immunohistochemistry in different regions of the gonad in the bipotential phases (22° - 29 ° day of incubation), thermosensitive period (24° - 42 °) and differentiated (more than 37 days) of P. expansa, as well as macro and microscopic changes during gonadogenesis using light microscopy and transmission electronics. These findings will be related to information from the incubation period and the temperature indices and will allow establishing possible factors responsible for the determination and differentiation of sex, which provides data that will contribute in the future with the maintenance and conservation of the species.