Mapping the nitrergic neurons in the brainstem of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris)
nitric oxide, Kerodon rupestris, mesencephalon, brainstem.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas very important in intra and extracellular process. It is present in many tissues, having an important role in the immunological system, regulation of blood pressure, relaxation of the smooth muscle and vasodilatation through peripheral nervous system. As a gas, NO can pass freely through cell membranes. Therefore, it acts as a neurotransmitter of local action in the central nervous system, reaching short distances, diffusing from cell to cell. It has many functions as learning and memory and modulation of excitatory responses to aminoacids. The NO is in many areas throughout the brain and has been described in many animal species through the expression of its enzyme of synthesis, the NOS, or its NADPH-diaphorases (NADPHd) activity. In the present work we described the distribution of the NOS and NADPHd in the brainstem of a rodent typical from the Brazilian caatinga, that inhabits rocky areas and has crepuscular habits, the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris). Several brainstem nuclei showed imunorreactivity to NOS or NADPHd activity. Among them the retroparafascicular nucleus, the precommissural and the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray presented high density of immunostained cell. The density was moderated in the intermediate gray layer, deep white layer and deep gray layer of the superior coliculus, interpeduncular nucleus and the retrorubral nucleus. The density was low in the pleomorphica periaqueductal gray, optical tract nucleus, retrorubral field, rabdoid nucleus and the peduculopontine tegmental nucleus, when the density was very low inside the pretectal nucleus, pararubral nucleus, interfascicular nucleus and some of the rafe nuclei as the dorsal, median and paramedian.