About ten million people in Brazil are deaf or suffer from hearing loss. Worldwide, the perspective is that nine hundred million people come to suffer from disabling hearing loss until 2050. These numbers enhance the importance of reflecting upon deaf people’s internal and international social participation, and their access to fundamental rights constitutionally guaranteed, like the right to education and to work. In this sense, it’s important to know the main social aspects that relate to deaf people in Brazil; study the equality and fundamental rights, including in the Brazilian Federal Constitution’s perspective, which declares, right in the beginning of its text, that it aims to assure the equality, and that everyone is equal towards the law; and analyze the national laws and international documents of sheer relevance towards the rights of deaf and disabled people, notably the declarations and treaties that discourse about human rights. Based on these documents, through comparative study, it’s proposed the application of the exploratory method in order to outline the most effective way for the materialization of the substantial equality between deaf people and hearers in Brazil, based on the constitutional fundamental rights – notably the social ones about education and work and on the international human rights protection system. As a result, it is observed that Brazil's international and national commitments in treaties and internal norms aim to protect the human rights of deaf people and rely on bold normative provisions, especially with regard to access to education and work, however, it is clear that the guidelines for the inclusion of deaf people are effectiveness, although their implementation has been done through programmatic actions that demonstrate flaws in continuity, which requires closer monitoring by the Executive Power and civil society.