Banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO: ANA MÁRCIA SOARES FERNANDES XAVIER

Uma banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO de MESTRADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : ANA MÁRCIA SOARES FERNANDES XAVIER
DATE: 30/09/2024
TIME: 15:00
LOCAL: Sessão pública realizada por videoconferência: https://meet.google.com/epq-ubpu-fpa
TITLE:

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adherence to Brazilian Food Guide recommendations and quality of life among adults and older adults

KEY WORDS:

Feeding Behavior. Food Guide. COVID-19. Quality of life.

PAGES: 58
BIG AREA: Ciências da Saúde
AREA: Nutrição
SUMMARY:

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and on 5 May 2023 declared the end of the public health emergency related to the disease. During the pandemic, Brazil adopted social distancing measures to reduce the spread of the new virus. This context triggered changes in the population's dietary practices, both positive and negative. In Brazil, the Brazilian Food Guide is the document that guides dietary practices, which can influence the perception of each person's quality of life (QoL). This work consists of two studies. The first is a cross-sectional study whose objective was to analyze the socioeconomic and sociodemographic conditions, anthropometric nutritional status, and adherence to the Brazilian Food Guide that affect the quality of life (QoL) of adults and older adults in Natal, RN. The second is a cohort study whose aim is to analyse the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic on adherence to the Brazilian Food Guide and on the QoL of adults and older adults. In both studies, data were collected using a questionnaire on the Epicollect5 platform, from 2019-2020 in the cross-sectional study and 2023-2024 in the cohort, including demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric nutritional status, dietary practices, QoL and self-reported COVID-19 diagnosis variables in the cohort. Adherence to the dietary guidelines was analyzed using a multidimensional scale, resulting in classifications of "low", "low/moderate", "moderate", and "high". Quality of life was analyzed using the WHOQOL-BREF scale. Descriptive analyses were conducted for the quantitative variables, and Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was applied to the categorical variables. To ascertain the discrepancy between the mean values of general quality of life (QoL) and adherence to the Food Guide, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the t-test were employed. The discrepancy between the medians of the QoL domains and adherence to the Guide was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests in the cross-sectional study and the cohort, respectively. Additionally, a Poisson regression with a robust estimator was conducted in the cross-sectional study. In the cohort study, the paired t-test and the Wilcoxon test were employed to ascertain the difference in general QoL and domains before and after the pandemic. In the case of categorical variables, McNemar's test was employed. The cross-sectional study revealed that residing in the northern and eastern regions of Natal-RN and being female at birth were identified as significant predictors of low quality of life (QoL). Individuals with low (PR = 2.51; 95% CI 1.59- 3.96) and medium (PR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.07-2.35) adherence to the Food Guide were also more likely to exhibit low QoL. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in QoL and frequency of adherence to the Food Guide between the pre and post- pandemic cohorts. Nevertheless, a distinction was observed between the overall QoL scores for low/medium and high adherence at each stage of the study. Following the pandemic, participants with low/medium adherence exhibited significantly lower scores in the psychological domain (p=0.008) and social relationships (p=0.011) when compared to those with high adherence. The cross- sectional study concluded that adults and older adults with low adherence to the Food Guide have a higher prevalence of low QoL, indicating the necessity for public policies in the field of nutrition that will, in turn, have an impact on other individual and social aspects.

COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
Presidente - 2149611 - CLELIA DE OLIVEIRA LYRA
Externo à Instituição - DIOGO VALE - IFRN
Externa ao Programa - 3061300 - LIGIA REJANE SIQUEIRA GARCIA - nullExterna ao Programa - 2307522 - NILA PATRÍCIA FREIRE PEQUENO - null