Phenolic compounds (PCs) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and are sensitive to environmental conditions, compromising their functionality. Nanoencapsulation aims to increase the stability and bioactive potentiation of these compounds. Toxicological investigation of plant extracts and new materials is crucial and should precede the evaluation of functional properties to minimize harmful effects. This study evaluated the toxicity and antioxidant potential of the crude extract of phenolic compounds from Cantaloupe melon (free - CEPC and nanoencapsulated - EPWC) in zebrafish. Encapsulation was performed by nanoprecipitation in anti-solvent (acetone), using concentrated whey protein (1 crude extract: 4 encapsulating agent w/w) and Tween 80. Acute toxicological screening was performed in zebrafish's embryonic and adult phases exposed to concentrations (25–400 mg/L) of CEPC and EPWC. The antioxidant potential in the brains of animals in their adult phase was also evaluated. CEPC and EPWC showed 50% inhibitory activity (IC50) of the ABTS+ radical at 1.64 (0.14) and 1.10 (0.02) mg/mL, respectively, suggesting the potentiation of the antioxidant activity in EPWC (7-fold). For embryos, the estimated mean lethal concentration (LC50) of CEPC and EPWC was 231.2 (35.9) mg/L and 233.8 (25.4) mg/L, respectively. For adult fish, it was impossible to estimate the LC50; however, signs of sub-lethality were evident at doses ≥ 100 mg/L. The neurobehavioral evaluation showed that anxiety-like behavior may have been bidirectionally modulated so that the lowest (25 mg/L) and highest (400 mg/L) doses may be indicative of an anxiogenic effect or even nullify the anxiolytic effect promoted by medium doses. Evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brains of the animals indicated a significant reduction in free radicals in the EPWC group compared to the control (p < 0.05). The results suggest the safe application of CEPC and EPWC at doses < 100 mg/L, with a more pronounced antioxidant effect of EPWC, suggesting a redox modulation of the nanoformulation.

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a group of risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, with high global and national prevalence. Among the causal factors, inadequate nutrient intake and vitamin D deficiency stand out. The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened these conditions by negatively impacting eating habits and sunlight exposure, with potentially prolonged effects. In light of this, this study aims to examine the association between vitamin D status and MS components in the Brazuca Natal Study and the Brazuca Natal Post-COVID-19 Study. Both studies have a population-based, cross-sectional design. The Brazuca Natal Study began data collection in 2019 but was interrupted in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Brazuca Natal Post-COVID-19 Study was initiated in 2023 and completed in 2024, involving adults and elderly individuals of both sexes living in Natal. Socioeconomic data, food consumption, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, sunlight exposure, and nutritional biomarkers related to MS and vitamin D status were collected in three stages: face-to-face interviews, biological sample collection, and two dietary recalls.
We initially assessed the prevalence of inadequate dietary intake of micronutrients in the Brazuca Natal Study, stratified by age group and income, primarily focusing on vitamin D intake among the study population. The results indicated high prevalences of inadequacy (>50%) before the pandemic in the consumption of calcium, vitamins B6, D, and E in adults and elderly individuals of both sexes, as well as magnesium in elderly men, and selenium and thiamine in adult and elderly women. The highest prevalence of inadequacy (>80%) was observed for vitamins D and E in all groups, with vitamin D inadequacy exceeding 95% regardless of sex and age group. We found that the prevalence of inadequacy varied according to income level, depending on the specific micronutrient.
Next, we assessed vitamin D status in relation to MS components and sunlight exposure in both studies. The analysis showed a significant association between total and HDL cholesterol and vitamin D deficiency in the Brazuca Natal Study (p<0.05). In the Brazuca Natal Post-COVID-19 Study, these associations were not observed. Fasting blood glucose was associated with vitamin D deficiency only in the Brazuca Natal Post-COVID-19 Study (p<0.05).
We conclude that the population evaluated has a high prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy, with an emphasis on vitamin D, in addition to associations between its deficiency and changes in MS components, which vary between the Brazuca Natal and Brazuca Natal Post-COVID-19 studies.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and on 5 May 2023 declared the end of the public health emergency related to the disease. During the pandemic, Brazil adopted social distancing measures to reduce the spread of the new virus. This context triggered changes in the population's dietary practices, both positive and negative. In Brazil, the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population is the document that guides dietary practices, which can influence the perception of each person's quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study is to identify adherence to the Food Guide and its association with quality of life in adults and the elderly, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In both studies, data was collected using a questionnaire on the Epicollect platform5, in the period 2019-2020 in the cross-sectional study and 2023-2024 in the cohort, containing sociodemographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric nutritional status, dietary practices, QOL, and self-reported COVID-19 variables in the cohort. A multidimensional scale was used to analyse adherence to the Food Guide, resulting in the classifications ‘low’, ‘low/medium’, ‘medium’ and ‘high’. QoL was analysed using the WHOQOL-BREF scale. Descriptive analyses were carried out for the quantitative variables and Pearson's chi-square or McNemar's test for the categorical variables. Poisson regression was used in the cross-sectional study to check for associations between independent variables and low QoL. In the cohort, logistic regression was carried out to verify the association between independent variables and worsening QoL. The cross-sectional study found that living in the north and east of Natal-RN and being born female significantly increased the likelihood of low QoL. Those with low (PR = 2.51; 95%CI 1.59-3.96) and medium (PR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.07-2.35) adherence to the Food Guide were also more likely to have low QoL. In the cohort, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in QoL and in the frequency of categories of adherence to the Food Guide between pre- and post-pandemic, but there was a significant difference (increase in the frequency of agreement and decrease in disagreement) in the adoption of undesirable dietary practices (predominantly those involving consumption of ultra-processed foods) between the two moments of the study. After the pandemic, people with per capita income in the 1st tercile and 2nd tercile had a 0.02 chance of worsening their overall QoL (adjusted OR = 0.02; p = 0.003) and (adjusted OR = 0.02; p = 0.004), respectively. In the cross-sectional study, it was concluded that adults and elderly people with low adherence to the Dietary Guidelines have a higher prevalence of low QoL, and in the cohort, the population started to adopt eating habits that can lead to health problems, in addition to per capita income having a significant association with reducing the likelihood of worsening QoL after the pandemic. The findings indicate the need for public policies in the field of nutrition, which in turn reflect on other individual and social aspects.

Introduction: Cancer is a complex disease characterized by the irregular growth of malignant cells and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It causes metabolic changes, often resulting in nutritional deficits, such as malnutrition. Approximately 20% of cancer patients die from malnutrition and associated complications, not from the disease itself. Therefore, early identification of nutritional risk contributes to monitoring the nutritional status of the disease and can reduce the risk of negative adverse events. Objective: To evaluate the performance and predictive value of the nutritional risk protocol in oncology (PRONTO) for the identification of nutritional risk in cancer patients. Methods: The study is a secondary analysis of a cohort with prospective data collection, which assessed cancer patients in a hospital environment at the Onofre Lopes University Hospital - HUOL, of both sexes, aged over 20 years. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected (weight and height to calculate body mass index - BMI). Nutritional risk was assessed using the reduced version of the Self-Produced Global Subjective Assessment (ASG-PPP) and the Protocol for Nutritional Risk in Oncology (PRONTO). Patients were followed up to assess immortality outcomes at 6 and 12 months. To verify the concurrent validity of PRONTO for assessing nutritional risk, accuracy metrics were calculated and Cox regression analysis was conducted to verify the association between the outcomes of interest and the presence of nutritional risk in order to test its predictive validity. Results: A total of 390 patients were evaluated. They were elderly (45.6%), female (53.6%), with solid tumors (89%) and advanced stages of the disease (42.3%). Approximately half of the sample underwent chemotherapy treatment only (39.5%). The frequency of nutritional risk was higher using the PRONTO tool when compared to the ASG-PPP (84.4% vs 76.4%, respectively). The classification of nutritional risk according to PRONTO showed moderate accuracy in identifying patients at nutritional risk (AUC 0.76, 95% CI 0.68 - 0.79), high sensitivity (95.3%) and positive predictive value (86.3%) obtained, low specificity (51.1%) and low negative predictive value (77.7%). The risk status identified by PRONTO was an independent and satisfactory predictor of mortality at 6 and 12 months (adjusted HR 2.96, 95% CI 1.05 to 8.32, adjusted HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.20 to 6.63). Conclusion: The PRONTO tool showed satisfactory accuracy, characterized by high sensitivity and high positive predictive value, demonstrating its potential as a viable alternative for routine clinical practice. In addition, the nutritional risk identified by PRONTO proved to be a significant predictor of mortality at 6 and 12 months in cancer patients.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease with numerous targets for therapeutic intervention. In this context, various peptides and proteins have been the focus of research due to their ability to influence body weight regulation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (ITT) on lipase activity both in vitro and in vivo using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) animal model. To achieve this, ITT was first obtained through affinity chromatography using trypsin-Sepharose 4B. It was then characterized for its antitryptic activity, protein quantification, and molecular mass. Subsequently, an in vitro inhibition assay was performed against porcine pancreatic lipase, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and inhibition constant (Ki) of ITT against lipase were determined. The preclinical study involved diet-induced obese zebrafish. The fish were divided into five groups: eutrophic and normofed animals without treatment; obese and hyperfed animals without treatment; obese and hyperfed animals treated with Orlistat (50 mg/kg Orlistat); obese and hyperfed animals treated with ITT (25 mg/L ITT); and obese and normofed animals treated with ITT (25 mg/L ITT). After 10 days of experimentation, the groups were evaluated for lipase activity, body weight, and lipid profile. ITT (0,06mg/mL) achieved 83% lipase inhibition. Furthermore, the IC50 was estimated at 1.59 x 10⁻⁹ mol.L⁻¹, and the Ki was 2.38 x 10⁻⁸ mol.L⁻¹, indicating that ITT acts as a reversible non-competitive inhibitor. In the in vivo experiment, results showed that neither Orlistat nor ITT inhibited lipase activity under the tested conditions. However, ITT-treated hyperfed and normofed animals showed a significant reduction in body weight compared to the control groups. Although no significant differences were observed in total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, or triglyceride levels among the groups treated with ITT or Orlistat, plasma HDL concentrations were significantly higher in the ITT-treated groups compared to all other groups. Thus, it can be concluded that ITT represents a promising strategy for the treatment of obesity and the prevention of dyslipidemias and cardiovascular diseases.

Ensuring sustainable standards of consumption and production is a goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including the promotion of sustainable public procurement by 2030. In Brazil, food procurement by public institutions represents a significant share of government purchases, making it essential to assess the potential environmental, social, and economic impacts these purchases may generate. Thus, understanding the origin and production process of food acquired by public institutions is fundamental to promoting responsible consumption and production. This study aims to identify the origin of Meat and Meat Products (MMP) purchased by Federal Institutes of Education in Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) and to evaluate the compliance with sanitary, physicochemical, and animal welfare requirements of the slaughterhouses supplying MMP to IFRN. To achieve this, an observational case study was conducted, using procurement data from MMP purchases made by IFRN through bidding processes from 2019 to 2022. Violations committed by the slaughterhouses supplying MMP identified in these bidding processes were analyzed using a database provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply (MAPA). Data from nine bidding records were obtained, covering 11 different types of MMP from 19 slaughterhouses, of which 11 were large-scale and 8 were medium scale. No small-scale slaughterhouses were present in the bidding processes analyzed. Among the MMP purchased, raw poultry meat had the highest procurement volume, with approximately 26,000 kg, followed by canned fish and raw beef, with 18,687 kg and 13,311 kg, respectively. A total of 577 violations were identified during the evaluated period, with 62% being sanitary violations, 8% physicochemical violations, and 30% related to animal welfare infractions. The data indicates that 58% of the slaughterhouses supplying MMP to IFRN during the analyzed period committed at least one type of violation. It is concluded that MMP purchased by Federal Institutes mainly originates from large-scale slaughterhouses, with the most common infractions being sanitary violations. However, a considerable percentage of violations related to animal welfare were also observed. Promoting fairer public procurement requires commitment from policymakers and administrators, ensuring that bidding criteria encourage a more diverse supplier base and prevent companies that fail to comply with both sanitary and animal welfare requirements from participating in procurement processes.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main complications resulting from obesity and constitutes a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Considering that alternatives for the control of T2DM are necessary, inhibitors of enzymes involved in the process of carbohydrate digestion may be a possibility for glycemic control in humans. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seed (Tamarindus indica L.) (ITT) on α-amylase. After confirmation of the obtaining and characterization of the ITT, the analysis of its in vitro inhibitory activity of ITT against α-amylase was performed. Then, the interaction of the theoretical ITT (ITTp 56/287) and five of its derived peptides with α-amylase, as well as their functional properties, was also evaluated in silico, through Docking and Molecular Dynamics. The Potential Energy of Interaction (EPI), the Free Energy of Binding (ΔGbinding) were also calculated and the main electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions of the peptide-α-amylase complex were described by means of three-dimensional representations (stiks). As a result, ITT presented 100% antitryptic activity and a molecular mass of approximately 21 kDa. The results of in vitro inhibition of α-amylase showed an inhibitory activity higher than 37%. These results were corroborated by computational analyses, which showed the strong interaction of the ITTp 56/287 complex and its peptides with the enzyme. The analyses of the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) (up to 0.4 nm) and the Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF) (up to 0.4 nm) showed low flexibility of the tested peptides, i.e., good stability. The EPI analysis showed -705.08 kJ/mol for DTVHDTDGQVPL and -584.11 kJ/mol for TIAPACAPKPAR and the Free Energy of Binding (ΔGbinding) of -308.44 kJ/mol and -245.22 kJ/mol, respectively, confirming the previous results. The peptide sticks highlighted the electrostatic interactions, especially salt bridge, between the main residues that interacted in the complex (DTVHDTDGQVPL, TIAPACAPKPAR e TVSQTPIDIPIGLPVR). In addition, the bioactive potential predicted two candidates with good stability, high half-life and bioactivity in an intestinal simulation environment. In short, according to the sum of findings of this study, the amino acid sequences DTVHDTDGQVPL and TIAPACAPKPAR were revealed as candidates that could, in in vitro and preclinical studies and, later, clinical studies, be tested for action against α-amylase and, consequently, hypoglycemic effect, and could become an alternative in the treatment of DM2.

Moringa oleifera is a plant widely recognized for its bioactive properties. It stands out as a promising source of vegetable oils extracted from its seeds and leaves since using oils for various applications has become increasingly frequent and of relevant industrial application. However, its physicochemical characteristics, bioactive properties, and cytotoxicity have not been studied much. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and bioactive properties of the seed and leaf oils of Moringa oleifera. Initially, the oils were analyzed by Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), followed by determination of the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and physicochemical characterization of the samples. The oils were analyzed using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The cytotoxicity of the oils was evaluated in vitro using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells using the 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Different fractions of the seed and leaf oils were used to determine the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and bioactive activities. Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC) concentration was evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The antioxidant activity was determined by the scavenging of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulfonic acid) radicals, and Total Antioxidant Activity (TAC). The inhibition of glucose metabolism enzymes in vitro was determined for αamylase, α-glucosidase, and amyloglucosidase. The results of the characterization and physicochemical parameters revealed that both oils have a composition rich in unsaturated fatty acids, with 70.9% for the seed oil and 70.6% for the leaf oil, with emphasis on linoleic acid, which represented 51.7% in the seed oil and 51.5% in the leaf oil. The cytotoxicity analysis revealed that the seed and leaf oils did not have a cytotoxic effect on CHO-K1 and HePG2 cells, with cell viability more significant than 70%. The methanolic fraction of the seed oil presented a TFC of 90.92 µg EAG.g-1 and in vitro antioxidant capacity of 16.82, 9.13 µmol TE.g-1, and 81.33 mg AA.g-1, according to the DPPH, ABTS and CAT assays, respectively. Regarding the leaf oil, its methanolic fraction presented a TPC of 173.18 µg EAG.g-1 and in vitro antioxidant capacity of 19.99, 11.20 µmol TE.g-1, and 56.43 mg AA.g-1 for the same tests. The integral fraction of both oils showed lower TPC values and antioxidant activity than the methanolic fractions. According to the methodology, there was no inhibition for the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella typhimurium. Still, both oils showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of 10 mg/mL. Finally, the methanolic fractions, integral fractions, and the insoluble precipitate of the oils showed in vitro enzyme inhibition activity, emphasizing the integral fraction. This fraction demonstrated the highest inhibition percentages, reaching 97.94% for α-glucosidase and 95.32% for amyloglucosidase in the seed oil. For the leaf oil, the values observed were 94.79 and 85.96%, respectively. Therefore, the results show that both oils have potential applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.

Umbu (Spondias tuberosa) is a fruit from the Caatinga biome that is culturally and socioeconomically important in the developing of rural communities. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the production is primarily extractivist, intended for domestic consumption, especially in the traditional "umbuzada", and on an industrial scale for pulp manufacturing. This study aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 12 on sustainable production and consumption, emphasizing the full utilization of food and the value addition to food residues. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional and technological properties of flour obtained from umbu (Spondias tuberosa) peel, aiming at its use as an ingredient in bread production. To obtain the flour, umbu peels were dried in a ventilated oven with air circulation (55 ºC for 24h), followed by grinding in a household blender. The resulting flour was characterized by morphology, granulometry, physicochemical parameters, proximate composition, and technological properties. Subsequently, four bread formulations were developed: a standard bread without umbu peel flour, and breads containing 5%, 10%, and 15% umbu peel flour, replacing part of the wheat flour. The breads were evaluated for proximate composition and sensory attributes through acceptability testing, ideal scale analysis, and purchase intent. Umbu peel flour exhibited particle heterogeneity, with variations in size and shape, demonstrating an integral characteristic and a high fiber content. In addition to classification as fine granule flour according to the granulometry analysis. Regarding physicochemical aspects and proximate composition, notable findings included low pH (2.68 ± 0.00), high acidity (9.27 ± 0.07 g/100 g), and a high total dietary fiber content (40.45 ± 0.065 g/100 g). Its technological potential was evidenced by a high-water absorption capacity (5.08 g/g) and excellent emulsifying stability (100%). Among the bread formulations, the bread with 5% umbu peel flour had a composition similar to the standard bread, with an energy value of 317.19 kcal, whereas the bread with 15% umbu peel flour presented a lower energy value (226.1 kcal) and higher fiber content (3.13%). In sensory evaluation, acceptance decreased as the umbu peel flour concentration increased, with acceptability rates of 83.8% for the standard bread, 72.8% for the 5% formulation, 57.3% for the 10% formulation, and 46.3% for the 15% formulation. The ideal scale analysis indicated that attributes such as acidity, sweetness, and texture were the main factors penalizing the formulations with 5%, 10%, and 15% umbu peel flour. The attitude test revealed that only the standard and 5% umbu flour formulations had a positive purchase intent. Sensory acceptance was primarily limited by the acidity imparted to the breads, reinforcing the need to balance sensory attributes to improve consumer acceptance. In conclusion, the study highlighted the technological potential of umbu peel for flour production, demonstrating its viability as a functional ingredient, particularly due to its high fiber content and technological feasibility.

Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS) is a rare disease characterized by the accumulation of chylomicrons in the bloodstream, leading to severe hypertriglyceridemia (>1000 mg/dL). The prevalence of this disease is approximately 1:1,000,000; however, in some areas such as Northeast Brazil, the prevalence is higher due to the founder effect. Nutritional therapy is the main therapeutic approach, consisting of a strict restriction of fat intake, with a maximum allowance of 10 to 15% of the total daily energy value or 15-20 g of total fat per day. Consequently, due to the need for severe lipid restriction in patients with FCS, it is necessary to evaluate the concentration of micronutrients and immunological markers in patients to investigate possible nutritional deficiencies. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the status of zinc, selenium and iron in patients with FCS. A case-control study will be conducted, consisting of patients diagnosed with CFS treated at the Onofre Lopes University Hospital (case group), and the control group will be composed of healthy individuals matched by sex, age and BMI, in a 1:1 ratio. Data regarding socioeconomic aspects, body composition, dietary composition and biochemical evaluation will be collected. Serum levels of zinc, selenium and iron will be measured. At the end of the study, it is expected to characterize a sample through the application of questionnaires, anthropometric and biochemical evaluations, and to evaluate the dietary collection of patients with CFS, considering that few studies have evaluated these parameters in this population to date. In this way, we seek to better understand the various health aspects of the population with CFS, facilitating and making decision-making for this population more accurate

Food services play a fundamental role in promoting food security and environmental impact reduction, especially in planning healthy and sustainable menus for workers. This study evaluated menus offered to workers in commercial food services, considering the perspectives of healthiness and sustainability. Conducted in five commercial restaurants (R1–R5) in the city of Natal, RN, the study was structured around three main dimensions : social, health, and environmental. The social dimension was investigated through the sociodemographic profile and the assessment of food security, using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. The health dimension involved the analysis of workers' nutritional status, based on Body Mass Index (BMI), as well as the estimation of nutritional needs and nutritional evaluation of the menus offered. The environmental dimension assessed the impacts associated with the menus through water, carbon, and ecological footprints. A total of 261 workers participated in the sociodemographic questionnaire and the scale, with a predominance of males (67.9%), an average age of 32 years, and 53.5% having completed high school. It was observed that 70.2% were responsible for purchasing food and 70.6% participated in meal preparation at home. Food insecurity was present in 53.3% of respondents and was significantly associated with income (p = 0.001), education level (p = 0.023), household composition (p = 0.020), and municipality of residence (p = 0.028). Regarding nutritional status, 438 workers were evaluated, and it was found that 68.3% were overweight or obese, with obesity prevalence of 30.5% among men and 42.7% among women. In the analysis of 111 menus, restaurants R1 and R4 showed caloric density close to the recommended levels, while R2 and R3 exceeded them by 11% and 13%, respectively, and R5 exceeded by more than 60%, characterizing a hypercaloric menu. There was a predominance of lipids and sodium, reduced levels of carbohydrates, and protein values within recommended levels. Regarding food purchases, 54.1% of items came from local suppliers, 43.2% from the state, and 2.7% from national sources. Most of the foods (59.8%) were fresh or minimally processed, 9.3% processed, and 16.5% ultra-processed; additionally, 24.7% contained culinary ingredients. In the environmental analysis, beef was the food with the highest contribution to environmental footprints, followed by poultry, eggs, and pork. The weekly menu averages were: carbon footprint (2.3 kgCO₂), water footprint (1.94 m³), and ecological footprint (12.5 kg/m²). The results reveal a concerning situation : workers in commercial kitchen services—even in wellrated restaurants—experience some level of food insecurity, highlighting social vulnerabilities and the invisibility of this group. It is essential to adopt a committed approach to ensuring their dignity, which includes better working and dietary conditions. Although many menus meet caloric needs, the excess of lipids and sodium raises the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity. Additionally, the findings reinforce the evidence that beef consumption significantly impacts the environment, requiring a rethinking of food policies and practices both for those who, paradoxically, are directly involved in meal production and in efforts to reduce environnemental impacts.

The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) has been widely studied regarding its associations with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, there are still gaps in the literature concerning factors associated with DII in individuals with heart failure (HF), particularly the impact of DII on mortality and hospitalization outcomes. This study aimed to identify DII and associated factors in outpatients with HF. A total of 124 adults and elderly individuals of both sexes diagnosed with HF were studied at the Interprofessional Heart Failure Outpatient Clinic of Onofre Lopes University Hospital. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters, as well as clinical outcomes (hospitalization and mortality) occurring over a period of up to 36 months, were evaluated. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour Dietary Recall (R24h), with an average of 3 recalls per individual, identifying dietary parameters for DII calculation. Variables were analyzed according to DII tertiles (T1: -3.427 to - 1.1866; T2: -1.1865 to -0.15643; T3: -0.15642 to 2.872). Kruskal-Wallis test was used for group comparisons, followed by Dunn's post-test. Qualitative variables were compared using the Chi-square (χ2) or Fisher's Exact test. Binomial Logistic Regression Models were used to analyze associations between DII tertiles and biochemical variables: hemoglobin, hematocrit, non-HDL cholesterol, and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP). Associations between DII and clinical outcomes (hospitalization and mortality) were observed through Cox Regression. HF individuals were predominantly male (66.1%), overweight (60.0%) and HF with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) and Mid-range (HFmrEF) (79.8%). It was observed that 13.7% of the studied population had mortality as an outcome, and 32.3% had hospitalization. It was found that 74.2% of individuals with HF had an anti-inflammatory dietary classification. In DII T3, lower concentrations of hemoglobin and us-CRP were observed compared to T1 (p=0.020 and p=0.008), and higher nonHDL cholesterol values (p=0.049). Total fiber intake, beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, garlic, and onion were lower in T3 compared to T1 and T2 (all p<0.05), whereas protein intake, vitamin B3, and phosphorus intake were higher in T3 compared to T2 (all p<0.05), and saturated fat intake was higher in T3 compared to T1 (p=0.012). Differences were identified in hemoglobin, hematocrit, non-HDL cholesterol, and us-CRP values among DII tertiles (all p<0.05). Regression models indicated only a significant association between DII and hematocrit (p=0.036). No associations were observed between DII categorized in tertiles and mortality or hospitalization outcomes (all p>0.05). In conclusion, a higher consumption of potentially anti-inflammatory diet was evidenced, along with a high frequency of hospitalization and mortality, without associations with DII.

Overweight and obesity are a serious public health problem and entail high costs to health systems. Changes in the intestinal morphofunctional barrier (BMI) were observed in animal models of obesity, however, few studies have evaluated this theme in humans. Vitamin E is stored in adipose tissue and appears to be related to overweight and obesity. However, some studies have shown positive associations with overweight, while others have shown negative associations. The relationships between vitamin E and BMI in the context of overweight and obesity have shown inconsistent results. This study aimed to determine the relationship between overweight and obesity with BMI and vitamin E status. An observational, quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted with data collection from September 2019 to March 2020 and November 2021 to March 2023. Sociodemographic, anthropometric data and blood and urine samples were collected. In total, 75 individuals participated in the study, 32 eutrophic (BMI < 25 kg/m²) and 43 overweight/obese (BMI > 25 kg/m²). The evaluation of intestinal permeability was performed by the lactulose/mannitol test. Serum samples of alphatocopherol were analyzed according to the method of Ortega et al (1998) and adapted by Ribeiro et al (2016). Urine and serum samples were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Correlations between BMI, BMI parameters and vitamin E were performed using the correlations of Pearson (r) and Spearman (ρ). The Lactulose/Mannitol ratio (L/M) was similar between the groups studied (p = 0.180) and presented a median of 0.028 (0.013; 0.061) in the eutrophic group and 0.020 (0.010; 0.036) in the overweight/overweight group. Serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol did not differ between the groups studied (p = 0.654). Vitamin E deficiency was present in 30.20% of overweight/obese individuals and 28.10% of eutrophic individuals. In the overweight/obese group, BMI showed positive correlations with insulin (ρ = 0.475, p = 0.000), HOMA-IR (ρ = 0.425, p = 0.005), HOMA-B (ρ = 0.609, p = 0.000) and CRP-US (ρ = 0.031). The percentage of lactulose showed a positive correlation with HDL (ρ = 0.347, p = 0.028), as well as the L/M ratio (ρ = 0.418, p = 0.008). The mannitol percentage showed a negative correlation with HDL (ρ = - 0.371, p = 0.014) and a positive correlation with fasting glucose (ρ = 0.367, p = 0.020). The results showed that there was no change in BMI function and vitamin E status in participants with overweight and obesity when compared to the eutrophic group. However, the biochemical profile variables correlated with the BMI parameters, indicating low-grade inflammation and metabolic changes resulting from overweight.

Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides in the world and its food production is dominated by agribusiness, a fact that consequently increases the use of pesticides in agriculture, with harmful effects on food systems, health, and the environment. The available data on chronic exposure to pesticides is limited, posing challenges in accurately assessing the true impact of these compounds on human health. The estimation of pesticide residue intake through food can be a tool to enhance the role of nutritionists in food services and assist in planning healthy and sustainable menus. The objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of exposure to pesticides in foods offered on menus in institutional food and nutrition units. The crosssectional, quantitative, and descriptive research analyzed 120 lunch menus, from 06 institutional restaurants, regarding the permission of active ingredients (AI) of pesticides in the foods offered, toxicological, agronomic characterization and bioaccumulation potential, in addition to the risk of exposure chronic. To evaluate the pesticides authorized in the country for use in food, data on Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) and Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) were collected from the Pesticides monographs of the National Health Surveillance Agency - ANVISA and the Codex Alimentarius base. To analyze the estimated Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (IDMT), the calculation was carried out according to the relationship between the MRL of the pesticide and the per capita quantity of the food. The IDTM was expressed in mg/kg of body weight and compared with the ADI to assess the risk of exposure. Maximum daily intake estimates were calculated considering the lunch meal and 263 active ingredients were identified, 43% insecticides, 40% fungicides, 14% herbicides, 1% nematicides and 1% acaricides, authorized for use in 40 foods. Of the residues possibly most present in the foods offered on menus, 4% are extremely toxic, 5% highly toxic and 14% moderately toxic to health. The analysis identified 42 compounds with high potential for bioaccumulation, especially those authorized in foods of animal origin. The presence of multiple pesticide residues was found in a single food, with rice, beans, wheat, potatoes, tomatoes, milk, and ultraprocessed sauce being everyday foods with the highest number of permitted pesticides. To estimate daily intake, AIs such as 2,4D, acephate, bifenthrin, carbaryl, methomyl, cypermethrin, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, glyphosate, imidachlorpid, tebuconazole and terbufos were analyzed. Our findings indicate that 99% of the active ingredients possibly present in foods are within the acceptable ADI range, however, they warn of the toxic, synergistic and cumulative effects of these substances. The insecticide methomyl possibly presented an unacceptable risk of ingestion only during the lunch meal, with average IDMT values of 0.264 mg/kg of body weight. It is concluded that there is chronic exposure to pesticides through food, particularly methomyl in beans and rice. The data reinforces the importance of monitoring pesticides in food, as well as the need for changes in food production methods to promote the acquisition of healthier and safer food for collective consumption.

Obesity is a public health problem and understanding the mechanisms involved requires experimental models that have genetic equivalence with humans. In this work, a comparative study was carried out on dietary obesity induction models in zebrafish, evaluating complications. 200 animals were used, adults of both sexes, divided into 4 groups (n=50). Control group 1: fed with Artemia salina (15-30 mg/day/fish); Control group 2: fed with commercial fish food (3.5% of average weight); Obesity group 1: overfed with pasteurized powdered egg yolk mixed with soybean oil (5% of average weight); Obesity group 2: overfed with Artemia salina (60-120 mg/day/fish) for eight weeks. The animals were evaluated for dietary intake, caloric intake and efficiency, body mass index (BMI), behavior, biochemical and inflammatory parameters. Furthermore, visceral body fat was evaluated through morphological, stereological studies and the expression of genes related to obesity. Obesity group 2, hyperfed with Artemia salina, had higher consumption, intake and caloric efficiency. Weight gain was greater (p < 0.0001) in the two diet-induced obesity (DIO) groups compared to the control groups, especially the group with obesity 2. Blood glucose was higher for males in the obesity 1 group Insulin concentration was higher for both males in obesity groups 1 and 2. Triglyceride concentrations were higher in obesity group 1 in both sexes and they showed anxious profile behavior in the new tank test. A higher concentration of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) was observed in the group of male zebrafish with obesity induced with Artemia salina (p=0.0015), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was higher in two obesity induction groups. Gene expression demonstrated elevated inflammatory levels in the obesity induction groups in both sexes. In morphological studies, a more extensive area of adipocytes was observed, significant hepatic steatosis in obesity group 2, the one overfed by Artemia salina. The results obtained in this study are of great contribution to the scientific world, as they guide with more specificity the paths to be followed in the study of obesity in zebrafish.

Ultra-processed foods (UPF) have high energy density and have been associated with greater adiposity and risk of developing excess weight at different stages of life. Despite this, little is known about the impact of its consumption during lactation, a phase in which diet quality is important for reducing postpartum weight retention and preventing obesity in adult women. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and the anthropometric profile of lactating women assisted in primary health care in Natal-RN. Socioeconomic and health data, food intake through 24-hour recall, and anthropometric measurements were collected from lactating women who breastfed exclusively or partially, between 30 and 150 days postpartum. Food inatke was assessed by the Nova Classification and the anthropometric profile according to postpartum weight retention (kg), presence of excess weight according to the Body Mass Index (BMI), and measurements of body perimeters (cm) and skinfolds (mm). Participants were grouped according to tertile of energy participation of UPF in the diet (tertile 1-2 x tertile 3). The association between UPA tertiles and anthropometric profile was assessed using linear regression models adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), number of postpartum days, gestational weight gain, number of births, and per capita income categorized. The women were on average 28 (7) years old, 68 (42-104) days postpartum, 34.7% had low education, and the majority had low income (82.3%, n=102). The average caloric participation of UPF in the diet was 23.31% (0-76%). Excess weight was present in 66.1% and 40.9% retained more than 4 kg in the postpartum period assessed, with a median retention of 3.0 kg (-0.3-5. 0). After adjusted linear regression analysis, a positive association was found between the greater energy contribution of UPF in the diet and postpartum weight retention (β= 2.86, 95% CI 0.58 – 5.15, p< 0.014). The results showed that a greater participation of UPF in the diet of lactating women was related to postpartum weight retention. For other anthropometric measurements associated with adiposity, pre-pregnancy BMI was the variable with the greatest explanatory power after adjustments, reinforcing the need for actions to reduce UPF consumption from the pre-conception period to lactation.

The trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (TTI) has been
investigated for potential applications in the treatment of non-

communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). However, in vivo
toxicological safety throughout ontogeny needs to be investigated to
ensure the proposed applications. Therefore, this study aimed to
evaluate embryotoxicity and acute toxicity in adult zebrafish (Danio
rerio) exposed to TTI at different concentrations. Initially, TTI was
obtained from tamarind seeds through protein fractionation using
ammonium sulfate, followed by affinity chromatography on Trypsin-
Sepharose CNBr 4B and characterized for molecular mass and anti-
trypsin activity. Fish, both in the embryonic and adult stages, were
exposed for 96 hours post-fertilization (hpf) to three concentrations of
TTI (12,5, 25 and 50 mg/L). Zebrafish embryos (n=20 animals per
group) were investigated for survival, hatching, malformations, and
possible changes in developmental endpoints, as well as cardiotoxicity
and neurotoxicity tests. To assess acute toxicity in adult animals (n=20
animals per group), neurotoxicity investigation was conducted through
avoidance tests, light-dark and novel tank tests, as well as
genotoxicity and histopathology. Regarding the tests performed,
zebrafish embryo groups exposed for 96 hpf to TTI (12,5, 25 and 50
mg/L) showed no adverse effects (p&gt;0,05) compared to animals
exposed to 3,4-dichloroaniline (p&lt;0,0001). Additionally, these same
animals maintained heart rate within the normal range (152, 157, 171
bpm respectively), without showing adverse effects. TTI did not cause
mortality or significant behavioral changes in adult zebrafish,
suggesting the absence of neurotoxicity. Additionally, genetic tests
revealed no signs of genotoxicity, and the evaluated tissues (liver,
intestines, and kidneys) showed no histopathological changes, with
preserved structures. Therefore, these results are robust and indicate
the absence of toxic properties of TTI in zebrafish at different
developmental stages, thus reinforcing the established understanding
of its safety and efficacy, which is of great relevance to the scientific
community. Thus, the results present new approaches for research
and applications related to TTI.

Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a marine species of great economic importance, and processing produces waste discarded into the environment. In these residues, bioactive compounds such as astaxanthin are present, the primary carotenoid found in shrimp, and have high antioxidant potential. However, the stability and functionality of the carotenoid are lost during the food processing and storage stages. Encapsulation is an effective technique to promote the protection of bioactive compounds such as astaxanthin. This work aims to encapsulate the oil pigmented with astaxanthin obtained from shrimp residue flour to improve solubility and antioxidant potential. The encapsulation technique used was oil/water (O/W) emulsification, using porcine gelatin and soy protein as encapsulating agents and Tween 20 as a surfactant. The formulations developed were: pigmented oil with astaxanthin encapsulated in porcine gelatin (EAG), pigmented oil with astaxanthin encapsulated in soy protein (EAS), pigmented oil with astaxanthin encapsulated in porcine gelatin and soy protein in a 2:2 w/w ratio (EAGS 2:2) and in a 3:1 w/w ratio (EAGS 3:1). The characterization of the particles was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta Potential (ZP), Dispersion in water, Incorporation Efficiency (IE) of the oil and percentage of astaxanthin in the encapsulates. The Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Iron Ion Chelation tests were carried out to determine the antioxidant activity. The EAS formulation showed oil leakage and did not follow the characterization steps. The other formulations had a spherical shape and a smooth surface based on the micrographs. The particle size averages by DLS were equal to 159.68 (14.42) nm for EAG, 192.72 (10.44) nm for EAGS 2:2, and 95.41 (17.83) nm for EAGS 3:1. The encapsulated ones presented an amorphous structure based on XRD. By FTIR, an accentuation of the O-H and C-H stretching bands (3314 cm-1 , 3291cm-1 , 3318cm-1 ) was observed in EAG, EAGS 2:2, and EAGS 3:1, respectively, revealing intramolecular bonds between pigmented oil with astaxanthin and the materials used. The IE of the oil was 89.20% (0.31) (EAG), 87.60% (0.13) (EAGS 2:2), and 89.10% (0.30) (EAGS 3:1), where the EAG and EAGS 3:1 did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05). The percentage of astaxanthin incorporated into the encapsulates was approximately 68%, and the dispersibility in water presented values around 50%. The determination of the antioxidant potential indicated that all formulations had the effect of preserving and enhancing the antioxidant activity of the oil, with emphasis on EAGS3:1, which increased the antioxidant potential almost three times in the tests carried out. Therefore, porcine gelatin wall materials and/or combination with soy protein were effective for encapsulating oil pigmented with astaxanthin, as they trapped the oil and increased solubility and antioxidant potential, characteristics that enable incorporation into the food matrix.

MicroRNAs (miRs) play an important role in regulating multiple processes, including insulin signaling pathways, glucose metabolism, and the inflammatory response. Excess or deficiency of nutrients can modulate the expression of miRs and influence the risk of developing diseases. Impaired insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance play a significant role in the pathogenesis of all types of diabetes mellitus. It is crucial to assess the function of pancreatic β cells and their resistance/sensitivity since insulin resistance (IR) is considered the primary cause of type 2 diabetes development. Zinc is recognized as having an essential role in insulin metabolism, and alterations in this hormone's signaling pathway may be associated with zinc deficiency. However, the relationship between glucose metabolism-related miRs and the body's zinc status is not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of plasma zinc with the expression of miR-191-5p, miR-188-5p, miR-145-5p, and miR143-3p in women with insulin resistance. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 overweight and obese adult/elderly women aged between 18 and 60, attended by the Endocrinology and Metabology Service of the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP). The classification of IR was performed according to Stern's criteria. An evaluation of circulating miRs expression, analysis of plasma zinc concentration, biochemical profile, inflammatory parameters, and body composition assessment was conducted. Six percent of the participants had zinc levels below the reference value for plasma zinc deficiency (< 70µg/dL). After dividing plasma zinc values into below or above 90µg/dL, a significant difference in fibrinogen concentration was observed (p=0,016). Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between plasma zinc and serum HDL-c concentration (rho=0,279; p=0,050), and a negative correlation with miR-191-5p (rho=-0,428; p=0,002), miR-145-5p (rho=-0,384; p=0,006), and miR-143-3p (rho=-0,357; p=0,011). MiR-191-5p showed a positive correlation with fibrinogen (rho=0,298; p=0,036) and a negative correlation with insulin (rho=-0,374; p=0,007) and HOMA-IR (rho=-0,296; p=0,037). MiR-188-5p showed a positive correlation with HDL-c (rho=0,307; p=0,040) and a negative correlation with insulin (rho=-0,326; p=0,029). MiR-145-5p showed a negative correlation with waist circumference (rho=-0,282; p=0,049), VAI (rho=-0,286; p=0,047), insulin (rho=-0,342; p=0,015), IL-1β (rho=-0,380; p=0,006), IL-6 (rho=- 0,400; p=0,004), and IFN-γ (rho=-0,328; p=0,020). MiR-143-3p showed a negative correlation with insulin (rho=-0,452; p=0,001), HOMA-IR (rho=-0,327; p=0,021), and IL-6 (rho=-0,334; p=0,018). In the adjusted logistic regression model, high expression of miR-191-5p (OR = 0.06; p = 0.012) was inversely associated with zinc concentration. In the functional enrichment analysis conducted with the list of target genes, gene ontology (GO) terms were significantly enriched. Thus, the present study identified a possible epigenomic interaction of zinc in the biological processes involved in IR, highlighting its importance for medicinal, dietary interventions, or monitoring the adverse effects associated with plasma zinc concentration.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in Brazil and worldwide, responsible for a significant portion of hospitalizations and public service costs. Stratification of cardiovascular risk and control of modifiable risk factors in the population are crucial and effective interventions for preventing and controlling these conditions. Accordingly, the objective of the research was to analyze the cardiovascular risk factors in the first and second phases of the BRAZUCA-Natal study and the use of different evaluation indices in a population of adults and elderly individuals. In 2019, 411 individuals were selected for the study, and sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected and reassessed in 2023/2024, following the same methodological procedures. Of these 411 participants (in 2019), 112 had biochemical data. In the second phase (2023/2024), the 411 participants were invited to participate in the research again, and 107 individuals agreed to the collection of social, anthropometric, and biochemical data. These data comprised two distinct methodological designs: a cohort study and a cross-sectional study, which is organized in the form of a collection of scientific articles. In the cohort study, an increase in VAI (2.22, p<0,001) was observed. In the cross-sectional study, IAP demonstrated better performance in the AUC and was positively correlated with TC and TG. Therefore, the increase in VAI contributes to an increased risk of CVD. Similarly, monitoring lipid profile, anthropometric parameters, and the use of IAP can assist in the stratification of cardiovascular risk in this population.

Breakfast is one of the most important meals for adolescent development, as it provides a variety of macro and micronutrients for the body to function properly. However, the changes that come with adolescence can predispose to changes in eating habits that can lead to skipping meals such as breakfast. Skipping breakfast can lead to a wide variety of problems for the body, including obesity and dyslipidemia. Obesity is a chronic non-communicable disease that is considered a serious public health problem, and it is more worrying when it comes to children and adolescents, given the consequences and worsening throughout life. The aim of this study was to verify the association between skipping breakfast and metabolic changes in overweight adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study of 154 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 of both sexes and diagnosed as overweight or obese. Data was collected at three different times, with an interval of 30-45 days between each stage. The first stage involved collecting sociodemographic and economic data, clinical and dietary assessment using a semi-structured questionnaire and a 24-hour recall (R24), followed by anthropometric assessment. The second stage consisted of collecting blood for biochemical analysis and carrying out the 1R24h. In the 3rd stage, the results of the biochemical tests were delivered, and nutritional advice was given according to the degree of excess weight and biochemical alterations. We found that of the 154 participants who skipped breakfast, the majority were female (31%), aged 13 or over (42.9%) and with an income of more than one minimum wage (32.9%). In relation to breakfast consumption without ultra- processed foods, the highest percentages were female (39.4%), aged 10 to 12 (35.4%), overweight (43.2%) and with normal cholesterol (35.5%), but without statistical significance. We found a possible association between types of breakfast and BMI-age (p=0.087) and age (p=0.062), but without statistical significance according to the bivariate and multivariate Poisson analyses (p>0.05). When testing sociodemographic and metabolic variables to produce a multivariate model associated with skipping breakfast among overweight adolescents, it was not possible to estimate a significant model. We identified a significant model by testing the grouping variables based on the correspondence analysis of sociodemographic and metabolic variables in the population of overweight adolescents (p=0.019). The characteristics associated exclusively with each breakfast profile were omission of breakfast with tertile 1 of energy and overweight; breakfast with ultra-processed foods associated with the second tertile of income; and consumption of breakfast without ultra-processed foods associated with the highest tertile of income. It was concluded that most adolescents who skipped breakfast were girls and had better family purchasing power, with females also consuming ultra-processed foods at breakfast.

This study aimed to develop and characterize mayonnaise containing pigmented oil with astaxanthin derived from shrimp waste (Litopenaeus vannamei) flour. Astaxanthin extraction was performed using soybean oil. To describe the pigmented oil, analyses were conducted for astaxanthin quantification by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), fatty acid profile by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and physicochemical characterization. Four mayonnaise formulations were produced: FMP (control, 100% soybean oil), FM1 (25% pigmented oil), FM2 (56% pigmented oil), and FM3 (87% pigmented oil). Analyses included astaxanthin quantification, fatty acid profile, centesimal composition, shelf life (physicochemical and microbiological) at 4 ± 1°C for 9 days, and sensory evaluation. The pigmented oil had an average astaxanthin concentration of 20.87 ± 1.91 μg/g. Both soybean oil and pigmented oil showed a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids, with acidity indices of 0.65 and 1.31 mg KOH/g and peroxide indices of 0.67 and 0.50 meq/kg. The mayonnaise formulations, FM1, FM2, and FM3 had different astaxanthin concentrations: 4.448 ± 0.57 μg/g, 9.635 ± 1.23 μg/g, and 11.734 ± 1.07 μg/g, respectively. All formulations showed a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids. The formulations were similar in moisture, lipids, carbohydrates, and high caloric content, with FM3 showing higher ash content and lower protein. Shelf-life analysis revealed significant differences in the acidity index only on day 0, with FM1 and FM2 differing from FMP and FM3. The peroxide index was significantly higher in formulations with lower pigmented oil concentrations, particularly in FMP, FM1, and FM2. The pH of the mayonnaises varied considerably on day 0, with a decline until day 3, followed by stabilization until day 9. Microbiological analyses found Salmonella, coliforms at 45°C, and Escherichia coli absent throughout storage. Enterobacteriaceae were detected from day 0 but remained within permitted limits in all formulations, except FMP and FM1, which exceeded these limits on day 9. Sensory evaluation showed all samples were well-accepted, with FM3 achieving the highest acceptance index (79.7%), positively influenced by texture (90.65%), color (75.70%), and odor (70.09%). Formulations with higher pigmented oil content (FM1, FM2, FM3) also had good purchase intent, receiving a rating of 4, corresponding to "I would definitely buy it." These results suggest that mayonnaise with pigmented oil containing astaxanthin has significant potential as a natural colorant, flavoring agent, and preservative, representing a valuable alternative in the food industry.

The Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (FGBP) brings an expanded paradigm of healthy eating to guide healthy eating practices, respecting the diversity of Brazilian food culture. Adherence to the FGBP scale analyzes adherence to the guide's recommendations, including markers related to the type of food processing (NOVA Classification) and dietary practices divided into four dimensions: choice of foods, ways of eating, planning and family organization. Considering the worsening of social inequality indicators in recent years in Brazil, understanding which sociodemographic aspects are associated with the adherence of adults and the older adults to FGBP recommendations is a challenge. The aim was to analyze adherence to the FGBP recommendations by the participants of the BRAZUCA (Brazilian Usual Consumption Assessment) Natal Study, considering sociodemographic aspects. It is a cross-sectional survey, with 411 adults and older adults in the city of Natal Brazil, selected from a probabilistic cluster sample, in two stages (census tracts and households). An electronic questionnaire on the Epicollect 5 digital platform was applied to data collection. It was containing sociodemographic data and a multidimensional scale to measure adherence to dietary practices recommended by the FGBP. The scale consists of 24 questions, following a Likert scale (I totally disagree; I disagree; I agree; I totally agree). The final score can range from 0 to 72. It classified as low and medium adherence (<41 points) or high adherence to the FGBP (>=41 points). The prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95% confidence interval used to verify the association, and the analysis was adjusted using Poisson Regression with a robust estimator. We observed high adherence to the FGBP in 46.7% (42.1%-51.3%) of the population, with a mean score of 40.5 (SD 7.9). We verify a significant association for females (PR= 1 .27; 95% CI 1.03-1.55) and the older adults (PR=1.46; 95% CI 1.19-1.79). The individuals who declared a monthly per capita income of less than one minimum wage were less likely to of high adherence to FGBP recommendations and being worse for those with income ≤1/4 minimum wage (PR=0.47; 95%CI 0.32-0.68). We conclude that being female and being older adult are conditions that predict greater adherence to FGBP. People who having low per capita income have lower adherence to the FGBP. It is necessary to establish policies that reduce social inequalities. In addition, it is essential to high access to food practices aligned with FGBP among adults and the older adults in Natal, Brazil.

Hyperglycemia is important in the development and maintenance of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in overweight individuals and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and complications resulting from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrients with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action can interact with the genome, modulating its expression, resulting in alterations in the phenotype and the risk markers for chronic diseases. This interaction allows the modulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression, which are important for the regulation of several physiological or pathological processes, such as hyperglycemia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify miRNA differentially expressed in overweight women with hyperglycemia and its association with inflammatory biomarkers and plasma micronutrients. This is a cross-sectional comparative study derived from a study with 72 women between 18 and 60 years old and BMI ≥ 25.0kg/m². In plasma samples, zinc, selenium, and manganese concentrations were evaluated, as well as fasting glucose, insulin, miRNA expression, inflammatory biomarkers, and leptin. Insulin resistance was assessed by calculating the HOMA-IR and HOMA-β indices. Most participants did not have hyperglycemia (68.1%). miR-29a-3p, miR-150-5p, and miR-548c-5p were upregulated in hyperglycemic women compared to normoglycemic. A positive correlation was observed between miR-150-5p expression and IL-10 (rho=0.348; p=0.030) and a negative correlation with leptin (rho=-0.331; p=0.040), as well as a negative correlation between miR-548c-5p and HOMA-IR (rho=-0.424; p=0.022) and HOMA-β (rho=-0.463; p=0.011) in normoglycemic women. miR-29a-3p and miR-548c-5p were positively associated with hyperglycemia (OR=2.34; p=0.024 and OR=109.71; p=0.016, respectively). No differences were identified for zinc, selenium, and manganese concentrations in plasma between women with and without hyperglycemia, as well as correlations between these micronutrients and upregulated miRNAs. Pathway enrichment analysis of target genes identified that these miRNAs are potentially related to glycemic metabolism, the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia, and diabetes, or complications of the disease. Given this, it is understood that these miRNAs have the potential to be used as biomarkers of hyperglycemia and its complications, in addition to being involved in the activation of inflammatory pathways in these patients. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that the micronutrients zinc, selenium, and manganese do not seem to be related to the expression of these miRNAs.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has several stages, from the deposition of lipids in the hepatic parenchyma to cases of hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In situations of liver injury, there is an increase in the concentrations of liver transaminases, especially alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Inadequate food intake has been considered one of the causal factors for the development and progression of this disease. In this context, currently, fructose, especially from unnatural sources, has been studied as an independent causal factor in the development of NAFLD and unfavorable metabolic outcomes. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between fructose consumption according to its origin, based on the type of food processing, with liver markers and metabolic parameters in overweight adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old, diagnosed with overweight or obesity. Anthropometric data (height, weight and waist circumference), biochemical data (lipid profile, glucose profile and concentrations of ALT, AST, GGT and alkaline phosphatase) were collected, and two 24-hour recalls were applied to analyze food consumption. Habitual food consumption was estimated using the Multiple Source Method (MSM). To quantify the fructose consumed, the foods present in the recall were matched with those present in the Food Standards Australia New Zealand. Soon after, the foods were classified according to the food groups of the NOVA classification, according to their type of processing. With this, the amount of fructose from each food group was calculated. The foods were then divided into two groups, according to the origin of the fructose: natural (in natura and minimally processed foods) or added (processed and ultra-processed foods). In data analysis, descriptive statistics procedures of mean and standard deviation and mean confidence interval were used for quantitative variables and frequency distribution and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for categorical variables. To identify possible differences in the profile of adolescents, the chi-square test was applied for categorical variables and the Student's “t” test or Anova for comparison of means. To verify the association between fructose consumption and the nutritional and metabolic profile, linear regression analyzes were performed for continuous variables and logistic regression for categorical variables. All statistical tests were considered at a significance level of 95% (p <0.05). In the population, 91 were boys and 83 were girls, in which we found changes to ALT in 55.1% of boys and 44.9% of girls; for TG, in 51.3% in boys and 48.7% in girls and in HDL-c, 56% in boys and 44% in girls with values below the recommended level. Boys had a higher level of physical activity (p=0.032), higher caloric intake from the diet (p=0.011), higher serum AST (p=0.003) and phosphatase (p<0.001). The foods that most contributed to the average amount of fructose were açaí, in the natural fructose group, and soft drinks in the added fructose group. The consumption of added fructose showed an association with an increase in TG values, in which added fructose was associated with a greater risk of an increase in triglycerides (B= 1,546; 95%CI: 2,144), being up to 54.6%, regardless of of the fit. There was no association in the other variables. Thus, it is evident that the consumption of added fructose from the processed and ultra-processed food groups was related to an increase in TG concentrations in overweight adolescents, however, no association was found with changes in ALT concentrations.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders in the world, with a growing search for natural, safe and effective therapeutic agents, especially food peptides. Through bioinformatics tools, this search can be optimized by in silico analysis of interaction mechanisms between molecules. This work aimed to study in silico therapeutic targets for glycemic control. First, the systematic review (SR) protocol was developed following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items Checklist for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P), registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022353808) and published. In the SR, studies that met the PECo strategy (Problem, Exposure, Context) were included. The databases used were: Medline (PubMed); Web of Science; Scopus; Base; ScienceDirect; Virtual Health Library (VHL). A total of 1878 articles were identified, including 20 articles referring to original in silico studies that used therapeutic targets for the treatment of DM and that validated the use of these targets in vivo. The risk of bias was assessed using a checklist based on Strengthening the reporting of empirical simulation studies (STRESS). It was observed that DPP-IV, PPARγ and GLUT4 were the most frequently used therapeutic targets in the studies included in the SR. Also through in vivo studies, the validation of the previously mentioned therapeutic targets was verified, in addition to Akt, GLP-1, α-amylase, GIP, IRS1 and GSK-3, analyzed in silico, the importance of computational simulation was verified as a useful tool in tracking and prior selection. For the in silico study, the tamarind seed trypsin inhibitor (ITT) was obtained by trypsin-sepharose 4B-CNBr affinity chromatography and characterized by antitryptic activity, protein quantification and SDS-PAGE gel. The ITT was hydrolyzed in vitro to monitor enzymatic susceptibility and selection of enzymes for cleavage in silico, using the protocol adapted from INFOGEST, simulating the three stages of digestion and monitoring the hydrolysis pattern by SDS-PAGE gel. Based on this information, the theoretical model of the purified tamarind seed trypsin inhibitor (TTIp 56/287) was cleaved in silico, being selected for simulation by molecular dynamics, Peptideotripquimo59 for presenting greater potential for interaction with the insulin receptor (IR) (PDB ID 4OGA), with a docking score of -175,53. Peptideotripquimo59 showed affinity and stability in complex with the IR reaching equilibrium at the beginning of the simulation. In addition, the amino acid residues Arginine at position 16 (-209.07 kJ mol-1), Threonine at position 1 (-148.54 kJ mol-1) and Valine at position 2 (-94.53 kJ mol-1) were identified. -1) as the ones that most interacted, with this site of interaction with the IR being in a different region compared to that of insulin. Through SR, the diversity of targets that can be used for the treatment of DM were analyzed in silico and validated in vivo, contributing to the discovery of new allies for the treatment of DM. In addition, Peptideotripchymo59 proved to be an insulin mimetic molecule, and may act as a possible candidate for the treatment of type 1 and 2 DM.

In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and the closure of universities as a measure to prevent contamination directly affected academic communities. Access to food, though a basic need and a human right, was seriously affected. This study evaluated the locations and frequency of food acquisition; hand, food, and packaging hygiene habits; and household waste generation in an academic community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was cross-sectional and performed through an online questionnaire. Data (n = 1472) were analyzed using descriptive statistics; statistical tests were also applied, and p values 0.01 were considered significant. Most of the population continued to purchase food in supermarkets (89.5%). The frequency of product orders from markets by delivery placed by professors and graduate students was also verified (31.7% and 24.2%). There was an increase in packaging hygiene in the studied population, as well as in fruit and vegetable hygiene; however, use of inappropriate methods was noted. This paper highlights important data on the behavior of an academic community dealing with the problem of solid waste generation during the pandemic. Moreover, there were no changes in waste generation during the pandemic, although there was an increase in packaging consumption (44%). Identifying the behavior of the university community regarding hygiene and food acquisition can help societies from the perspective of transforming habits related to food. Therefore, this research provides support for future investigations and interventions in the field of foods and post-pandemic sustainability.

Cancer is one of the main causes of death in most countries, and in Brazil the context is similar. Estimates indicate that there will be approximately 704,000 new cases of cancer per year in Brazil for each three-year period 2023-2025. Of these, colorectal cancer (CRC) stands out with its high incidence. In addition to the diagnosis of cancer, the presence of comorbidities can impact the body composition and prognosis of these patients. Thus, knowing these characteristics is necessary to carry out interventions that will improve the quality and survival of this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the association of the Charlson`s comorbidity index adjusted to age (A-CCI) with body composition and overall survival of patients newly diagnosed with CRC. This is a multicenter longitudinal study, which evaluated patients of both sexes, adults and elderly with a recent diagnosis of CRC. Computed tomography (CT) images of the abdominal region were analyzed to determine body composition: skeletal muscle mass area (SMA), skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Comorbidities were recorded and scored. A total of 436 participants were included in the study, 50% male, the majority (58.3%) non-Caucasian and with a median age of 61 years, approximately half of the patients (50.4%) had no comorbidity, and among those who did, the most prevalent were the presence of solid metastatic tumor (24.1%), followed by uncomplicated diabetes mellitus (16.1%), kidney disease (2.3%) and asthma (2.3%). As for the A-CCI score, the median score was 4 (3;6). Significant and negative correlation between A-CCI and SMD was observed (r = -0.234, p < 0.001). COX regression results after adjusting for confounding variables indicated that patients with a high A-ICC and low SMD had a higher risk of 36-month mortality (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.8 – 2.18), while the phenotypes “low A-CCI and high SMD” and “low A-CCI and low VAT” were associated with lower risk of 36-months mortality. our findings indicate an association between SMD, VAT and comorbidity burden in patients with CRC, and the association these characteristics may increase the mortality risk.   In conclusion, our findings indicate an association of SMD and comorbid burden, and the association between high A-CCI and low SMD increased mortality risk.

Despite the negative impact of consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) on health already being widely reported in the literature, there is still there little evidence on the consequences of maternal UPF consumption on the postnatal health of their offspring during lactation. Given this gap, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal UPF consumption, feeding practices and malnutrition of their infants. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 111 mother-child pairs up to 150 days postpartum, assisted in the growth and development monitoring program of the primary health care in Natal-RN. Feeding practices related to breastfeeding were evaluated using six indicators. Malnutrition were assessed by weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ) and BMI-for-age (BMIZ), according to the WHO growth charts. Maternal consumption was obtained using two 24-hour recalls and foods were categorized according to the NOVA classification. The binomial was grouped according to the highest quartile of energy participation of maternal UPF consumption (<Percentile 75, named Q1-3 and ≥ Percentile 75, named Q4). Binary logistic regression models adjusted for the variables income, maternal education, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), birth weight and length, were used to estimate the association between maternal UPF consumption, inappropriate feeding practices and malnutrition according to WAZ, LAZ and IMCZ. The women were 28 years old, 36% had not completed high school, most were on the poverty line (66.7%, n=74) and the participation of UPF in the maternal diet was 26.24% (0-44 CI 95%). The infants had an average of 61 days old, 72.8% were on EBF at the time of the interview and only 58.6% had received colostrum milk. One third of the infants were overweight (BMIZ) and 11.7% were stunting (LAZ), with a significant association being found between the highest quartile of UPF participation in the maternal diet and the chance of presenting some malnutrition in the infant (wasting or overweight) (OR 3.38 95%CI: 1.29 - 8.83) and stunting (OR 3.89; 95%CI 1.04 – 14.58). However, there was no association with feeding practices. The findings demonstrate that UPF consumption during lactation is associated with malnutrition in breastfed infants, reinforcing the health risks that UPF consumption may cause during lactation. These results also highlight the need for greater attention to nutritional assistance during lactation, since the impacts on growth during lactation and early childhood can induce long-term effects, including failures in growth and development of NCD in adulthood.

Salmon pulp melons are sources of vitamins, minerals, and bioactives. Internal and external factors can affect the chemical composition, which needs to be investigated comprehensively, as these data are still scarce in the literature. On the other hand, fresh melon has high water content and low acidity, so drying extends shelf life and adds value to the production chain. The study aimed to investigate the influence of the fruit harvest period on the chemical composition of melon flours and the potential application in bakery products. Flours of salmon-fleshed melon varieties (Cantaloupe, Charentais, Honey Dew) were obtained, purchased during the harvest period (September to March) and off-season (April to August), through drying in a ventilated oven (55 ̊C/24 h ). The flours were evaluated for granulometry, morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), centesimal composition, the content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, fatty acid profile, and technological properties. Three cake formulations containing Cantaloupe melon flour were developed from the replacement of wheat flour in different proportions (0, 25 and 50%), being evaluated for microbiological standards, centesimal composition, and sensory evaluation using the Hedonic Scale, Purchase Intent, and Just About Right Scale. The results showed that most of the evaluated flours were fine (MESH >16). It was verified in the chemical composition that, only for the humidity, there was a homogeneous influence of the harvest period since all the flours of the off-season presented high contents (15 to 19%) compared to those of the harvest (17 to 22%) (p < 0. 05), which may be directly related to the climatic conditions in the place of cultivation. For total phenolic compounds, it was observed that the Cantaloupe melon flours both in the harvest period (208.10 mg/100 g) and off-season (877 mg/100 g) stood out (p < 0.05). In addition, FCE had the highest antioxidant potential (328 µmol TE/g). Palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acid showed higher concentrations in melon flours in harvest and off-season. Regarding the technological properties, it was verified that the cultivation period influenced each variety in the swelling power, solubility in water, and oil absorption. In the chemical composition of the different cakes produced, it was observed that the ash, protein, lipid, and fiber contents increased due to the increase in melon pulp flour in the product, promoting an improvement in the nutritional value. Among the evaluated sensory attributes (color, sweet smell, sweet taste, and moisture), the most penalized were the sweet taste and moisture, ranging from less intense and less humid than the ideal in the standard to more intense and more humid than the ideal in the cake containing 50% melon flour. Despite this, cakes containing melon flour had an acceptance rate above 70% and did not differ from the standard. Most consumers would possibly buy melon flour products, demonstrating that they would be willing to adapt to the penalized sensory attributes.

Lead (Pb) is one the 10 chemicals of major public health concern listed by World Health Organization, being associated with toxicity in all organs. One reason for Pb occurrence in food are agricultural practices, for instance, when pesticides containing Pb are used. In this context, organic production systems are highlighted for not using pesticides. Considering that, this systematic review (SR) and metaanalysis was conducted aiming to investigate if there are differences in Pb levels in organic (OLV) and conventional leafy vegetables (CLV). This SR’s protocol was registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD42022306048) and based on the PRISMA-P 2015 and its checklist. PECOS was used as a guiding acronym of the present study and of its eligibility criteria, referring to the population (OLV), exposure (Pb levels), comparator (CLV), outcomes (Pb levels in OLV and CLV, and secondary outcomes), and study type (studies reporting primary data). Thus, only analytical, cross-sectional studies which reported data on the analysis of Pb in OLV and CLV were been included. Searches were run on the electronic databases GRICultural OnLine Access (AGRICOLA), CAB Direct, Embase, Food Science and Technology Abstracts (FSTA/EBSCO), GALE Academic OneFile, Google Scholar, International System for Agricultural Science and Technology (AGRIS), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Medline (OVID), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), Scopus, e Web of Science, besides manual searches in articles, directory and archives of thesis and dissertations. No restriction was applied regarding language or publication period. A total of 3,742 registers were imported into the application Rayyan Intelligent Systematic Review. The study selection was conducted by two independent researchers, and conflicting decisions were solved by a third researcher. Revman was the software used for the meta-analyses, and the risk of bias was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for studies reporting prevalence data. GRADE was used for assessing the quality of scientific evidence. After the selection stages, 24 studies were included, of which 22 (91.67%) presented low risk of bias, while two (8.33%) presented medium risk, and none presented high risk. Considering the results reported in dry weight, the mean difference (MD) of the Pb level of 0.22 mg/kg higher in OLV was not significant (p=0.26), being classified as evidence of ‘low certainty’. As for the results reported in fresh weight, the MD of 0.01 mg/kg lower in OLV was significant (p=0.008), being classified as evidence of ‘moderate certainty’, thus answering this SR’s question in favor of OLV. The most frequent vegetables were lettuce, cabbage, spinach and celery. The most frequent analytical methods were inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Four studies (16.67%) presented Pb levels above the maximum limits for at least one sample. Some of the main limitations observed were studies’ non-reporting of Pb detection and quantification limits, nor presenting results in fresh weight.

Background: Populations are constantly exposed simultaneously to essential and toxic elements. The excess or deficiency of these substances can affect several metabolic functions such as glycemic control and lipid profile. Elderly people have a progressive deficiency in the ability to detoxify by the elements, and at the same time, are susceptible to dyslipidemia and changes in glycemic control.

Aim: to evaluate the association of the mixture of essential and toxic elements in the plasma of institutionalized elderly people and to test the associations with the variables of glycemic control and lipid profile.

Methods: The present cross-sectional study consisted of 149 elderly people living in public and private nursing homes in the city of Natal/RN. Six essential elements (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn) and ten toxic elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Hg, Li, Ni, Pb, Rb and Sr) defined the composition of the mixture, which were evaluated in the plasma by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS). Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to estimate potential interactions between elements and test associations with blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and triglycerides. The model was adjusted using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) method using a Gibbs/MetropolisHastings hybrid MCMC algorithm. The covariates gender, age, type of LTCF, race/color, BMI, smoking, alcoholism, and number of comorbidities were used to adjust the model.

Results: The population of elderly people was mostly (60%) ≥ 80 years old. The highest values of the probability of a posteriori inclusion of the groups (PIP) were observed regarding the effect of Fe on total cholesterol (PIP = 0.4192); and of Ba (PIP = 0.6802), Cu (0.3970) and Fe (0.3490) on triglycerides. The responses to exposure in the univariate analysis were approximately linear, except for Fe. No association was observed after fixation of all metals in a specific percentile (25º, 50º, or 75º). The mixture of the elements was negatively associated with total and LDL cholesterol at concentrations below the 40th and 30th percentiles. No association was detected between the mixture of the elements and the parameters of glycemic control.

Conclusion: the mixture of the elements, in lower concentration, was negatively associated with total cholesterol and LDL. Fe played a crucial role in the outcome of total cholesterol. These results suggest that lower co-exposure to a mixture of essential and toxic elements indicated a lower risk of increasing total cholesterol and LDL-c in the study population.

Evidence indicates that low concentrations of magnesium concomitant with high concentrations of calcium lead to a higher calcium/magnesium ratio (Ca/Mg), whose results have been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors related to Metabolic Syndrome (MS). This study aimed to evaluate the associations between magnesium, calcium and the Ca/Mg ratio in plasma with MS components and other cardiometabolic risk factors, in adults and elderly people with and without MS. This is a cross-sectional study, carried out with participants in the BRAZUCA-Natal Study. Sociobiodemographic data, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Magnesium and calcium concentrations were measured in plasma using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A total of 112 participants evaluated for the diagnosis of MS were included, according to the harmonized criteria for MS, and distributed into groups of individuals with and without MS. Linear regression models were run using the hierarchical method to determine associations between elements and other variables. MS was identified in 50% of the population, especially in female participants. There were no significant differences in plasma magnesium and calcium concentrations and Ca/Mg ratio between the studied groups (all p > 0.05). Mean values of magnesium and calcium concentrations in both groups were considered within reference values. However, a frequency of hypomagnesemia of 13.4% was observed, while excess plasma calcium was 16% in the studied population. No correlation was recorded between plasma magnesium and any of the studied cardiometabolic variables (all p>0.05). Calcium concentrations were negatively correlated with HDL-c (r= -0.335; p = 0.000), TAG (r= -0.294; p = 0.002), total cholesterol (r= -0.554; p = 0.000), LDL- c (r= -0.310; p = 0.001) and not HDL-c (r= -0.385; p = 0.000). On the other hand, the calcium/magnesium ratio was also negatively correlated with HDL-c (r= -0.260; p = 0.007), TAG (r= -0.336; p= 0.000), total cholesterol (r= -0.508; p = 0.000), LDL-c (r= - 0.314; p = 0.001), VLDL-c (r= -0.231; p= 0.018), non-HDL-c (r= -0.413; p= 0.000) and combined lipoprotein index (LCI) (r= -0.215; p= 0.028). Linear regression analyses indicated no associations between magnesium and fasting insulin, HOMAIR and hs-CRP (all p>0.05). However, there were associations between plasma calcium and total cholesterol (β= -0.020; p=0.000; R²=0.238), HDL-c (β=-0.046; p=0.005; R²= 0.267). There were also associations between the calcium/magnesium ratio and total cholesterol (β= -0.025; p=0.000; R²= 0.184) and LDL-c (β=0.017; p=0.020; R²= 0.231). These results was indicate no difference in the concentrations of the elements between the groups, however, important associations of calcium and the Ca/Mg ratio with the risk factors related to MS were evidenced.

Amid the current scenario of food production and consumption and its socioeconomic, environmental, and public health repercussions, the potential of Brazilian school feeding and public food purchases to induce changes in food systems through public actions and policies that favor sustainable development. Recently, the “Public Call” purchase modality was instituted and opened spaces for family farming in institutional purchases in the country. However, there is still a need for analyzes and adjustments that allow for better implementation of its policies, which show points for improvement and reflection on the intrinsic conditions of production and marketing that encompass these farmers. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate public purchases of foodstuffs from family farming for school meals in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN). A documentary analysis of the Public Call notices of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and Food Acquisition Program, modality Institutional Purchase (PAA-CI) was carried out, considering the following analysis criteria: financial investment, between the years 2012 to 2020; for the characterization of family farmers, evaluation of food homologated on the public calls and food processing classification, it was considered the year of 2020. Public Calls from 15 campuses distributed among the 11 immediate regions of the State of Rio Grande do Norte were studied. The results revealed a financial investment for the food purchase from family farming ≥ 30% on most campuses evaluated since the insertion of the PNAE and PAA-CI in the IFRN, even with decreases in recent years. Related to the characterization of family farmers, in their form of organization, the majority (56.25%) were grouped (formally or informally), with priority given to the supply of fruit, however, few (6.25%) were characterized as agroecological producers. Among the homologated foods, “fruits” and “foods with limited supply” (mainly cakes and dairy drinks) were the most frequent, and of the 5.2% not homologated, 63.6%were due to the non-presenting  a food sample for sanitary control and 36.4% due to the absence of proposals to supply the products contained in the public notice. Of the total of the foods listed in the calls, 83.06% were in natura or minimally processed. However, processed and ultra-processed foods were present, requested above 25% in some regions. This study contributed to understanding the context of the participation of family farmers within the institutional market of public purchases of the federal institutes of RN, evidencing gaps in such processes, being able to act beyond the guarantee of food supply in public facilities, due to the relevance of the food and nutrition and family farming policies as environmental, nutritional, social and economic protection networks, promoting food and nutrition security.

Changes in food security levels can reflect on losses in functional mobility and muscle strength, and consequently, quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the occurrence of Food Insecurity (FI) with Functional Mobility and health and nutrition conditions in older people. It is a cross-sectional study carried out on three continents and nested within the International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS) cohort. Data were obtained from the collection carried out in the third wave in 2016 at five cities: Kingston and St. Hyacinthe, in Canada (North America); Tirana in Albania (Europe), Manizales in Colombia, and Natal in Brazil (South America), totaling 1506 older people. To verify the occurrence of FI at home, we used the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA), and to assess functional mobility, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The independent variables were: muscle strength, measured with a manual dynamometer; the anthropometric nutritional status, verified by the Body Mass Index (BMI); and multimorbidity when the person had two or more non-communicable chronic diseases. The results showed that up to 30% of the population had some degree of FI at home, and more frequent in underdeveloped countries. Older people with food insecurity at home had lower scores in all stages of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and a higher proportion of older people with restricted mobility (PR=1.66; 95%CI 1.30;2.11). The occurrence of FI at home and limited mobility were more frequent among the oldest old (>75 years) and among women, and higher frequencies occurred in the cities of Tirana, Manizales, and Natal (in descending order). More than half of the evaluated population was overweight/obese and had multimorbidity. The overweight/obesity, multimorbidity, and reduced muscle strength were associated with reduced mobility, but they were not associated with FI at home. In conclusion, the cities located in Albania, Colombia, and Brazil were the highest occurrences of FI at home. Reduced mobility was positively associated with food insecurity at home, overweight/obesity, multimorbidity, and reduced muscle strength.

The disease, disease by the population- of the new coronavirus, called the disease of the daily activities of the population, due to social distance to stop the advance In Brazil, one of the measures for the suspension of classes, with possible impacts on universities, on life habits of a vast contingent that form the academic community. This study aimed to investigate the food pandemic in the academic community of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). It is a cross-sectional collection through an online study from 20 to February 2021 with undergraduate students, postgraduate students, administrative technical servers and professors. The content already variable socioeconomic and Brazilian Food Security Scale (EBIA validated. The average of participants was 27 years old, most were female (65.7%) and 30.2% had income between 1 to 3 years of age between 1 to 3 years. Feeding was higher4,4 the feeding groups with higher40% feeding36% feeding1.5% feeding,5% feeding. OR greater reduction in food incomes during the pandemic or greater reduction in food chances during the pandemic. Thus, the study of knowledge has a significant importance for undergraduate students in the academic community, especially training and graduate students. Therefore, this population must be prioritized in public policies that meet the needs of this vulnerable condition.

Negative repercussions caused by current food systems highlight the urgency of adopting healthier and more sustainable diets. The analysis of environmental impacts from populations’ diet and eating practices can help identify solutions to achieve sustainable food, considering the environmental, social, and economic dimensions. This work aims to estimate the environmental footprints of food consumption (EFF) of people living in Natal/RN and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics, food purchase practices, and adherence to the recommendations of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (FGPB). Data from 411 people aged ≥20 years from the BRAZUCA Natal Study were used. Food consumption data were assessed through a Propensity Questionnaire (PQ), where the frequency of consumption of food groups was evaluated. The EFF (Water Footprint - WF, Carbon Footprint - CF, and Ecological Footprint - EF) were estimated considering standardization of 1,000 kcal/day. The relationship between socioeconomic and demographic data, food purchase practices, and FGPB adherence with EFF was investigated. To verify the difference in EFF values between categories of a variable, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis U tests were performed. EFF was divided into tertiles (Low, Medium, and High) to assess association with other variables using Correspondence Analysis. The estimated per capita value of CF, WF and EF was 2,126.94 g CO2eq/person/day/1,000 kcal, 2,078.09 L/person/day/1,000 kcal and 15.78 m2/person/day/1,000 kcal, respectively. Meat was the food that most contributed to all three EFF, with emphasis on red meat (CF and WF) and fish (EF). The highest values of CF and WF were observed in adults, male, Caucasian, with higher per capita family income, and higher education, who had more meals in cafeterias, consumed more fast food, and used more food delivery services. Lower EFF values were observed in elderly, female, non-Caucasian, with lower per capita family income, and lower education, who had fewer meals in cafeterias, consumed less fast food, and used food delivery services less. People with the highest EFF consumed more red meat, dairy products, and ultra-processed products, while those with the lowest EFF consumed more chicken, bread, sugar, couscous, and tapioca. The findings indicate that better dietary practices were associated with lower EFF, however; it is important to highlight the relationship between lower EFF and aspects of the population’s socioeconomic vulnerability. Recognizing these relationships enables the adoption of individual and collective actions aimed at promoting healthier and more sustainable diets for all.

Obesity is a multifactorial condition, and it is currently one of the main public health issues. Studies involving lipidomic point to an association between obesity and dysfunction of lipid metabolism, and the consequent development of associated metabolic diseases. This study aims to evaluate the lipidomic profile and cardiometabolic risk factors of adults and elderly subjects with and without obesity. This is a cross-sectional study, part of a larger study called “Food insecurity, health and nutrition in adults and elderly persons in a city of Northeast in Brazil: Natal BRAZUCA Study”, a population-based study, carried out with adults and elderly residents in Natal/RN. The sample consisted of 72 individuals matched by sex and age in two groups, with and without obesity (n=36 each). The following data were collected: sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, presence of chronic noncommunicable diseases, energy intake, total fat, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated fatty acids, anthropometric measurements (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference), visceral adiposity index and blood pressure. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis (lipid, glycemic and inflammatory profiles) and  lipidomic analysis, which was performed in plasma using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. It was identified that 73.6% of the individuals had dyslipidemia and the average intake of saturated fatty acids was higher than desired (>7%) while the intake of monounsaturated fatty acids was below the target (15%). It was observed that 72.2% of the participants with obesity had metabolic syndrome (p=0.004), higher waist circumference (p<0.001), visceral adiposity index (p=0.029), HOMA-IR (p=0.010) and triglycerides (TAG) (p=0.018), compared to the group of nonobese individuals. Diffusion-edited 1H-NMR spectra indicate characteristic peaks for low and medium polarity lipids, mostly attributed to triacylglycerols of saturated fatty acids and, in a smaller amount, unsaturated fatty acids groups (-CH=CH-). Using the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model (OLPS-DA), a behavior with more dispersions of lipid metabolites was observed in the group of obese individuals. Among the lipids with the highest values of variables importance projection (VIP), only six metabolites had lower concentrations among individuals in the obese group, namely phosphatidylcholines, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid residues. A lower amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids was also observed in the lipid profile of the obese group. These findings point to changes in the lipidomic profile of obese individuals, suggesting that lipid species may be potential biomarkers to early identify individuals at risk of presenting obesity-induced metabolic complications.

Metabolomics is applied to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of several diseases, such as diabetes. The metabolomic profile is obtained from biological samples, with urine being preferred due to reliability and ease of obtaining. Improving strategies to discriminate between normal and pathological metabolites of certain diseases is essential for the clinical application of metabolomics. The study's objective was to characterize the population formed by individuals with glycemic alterations and to test the feasibility of using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a spectroscopic method for analyzing metabolomics in urine. The study population was divided into three groups: DM2 Group - patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2); the PDM Group - patients with prediabetes (PDM); and the control group (C) formed by healthy individuals. Participants were characterized by demographic, clinical, lifestyle, anthropometric, diet, glycemic, and lipid profiles. The 24h urine spectra were acquired from NMR, and later, the data were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), followed by unsupervised analysis. A series of algorithms were tested to verify which model had better accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR values of the T2DM and PDM groups were significantly different from the control. In addition, the PDM and DM groups had high waist circumference values. Diet composition did not differ between groups and was adequate in terms of the proportion of macronutrients and inadequate in total fiber. The set of signals from the metabolites based on the chemical shifts (peaks) obtained resulted in identifying 21 distinct regions of metabolites, among which glycine, urea, glucose, acetate, citrate, and creatinine stand out. Four showed a significant difference in the following ppm ranges (3.27, 3.37, 3.5.9, 3.75, and 9.29). APC scores showed partial separation between groups. The GA-LDA model was the most responsive algorithm for the discrimination of the urine of the groups in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.

The search for plant-based probiotic products aiming to replace dairies have been growing in recent years, especially due to the increasing number of lactose intolerant individuals and population’s concern about well-being and quality of life. In this context, the present project aimed to elaborate and evaluate fermented and
unfermented symbiotic yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) beverages added with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496 for probiotic, physicochemical and bioactive stability during 28 days of refrigerated storage at 4 °C. Six formulations were prepared for analysis: standard mombin juice (PAD), prebiotic juice (PREB), unfermented symbiotic juice (SIM), fermented symbiotic juice (SIMF), unfermented symbiotic juice with pH adjusted to 4.5 (SIMA) and fermented symbiotic juice with pH adjusted to 4.5 (SIMFA). Samples stored at 4 °C were analyzed for viable cell counts, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids (TTS), total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging activity on storage days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Results showed viable counts of 9.0 (1.0) log UFC/mL and 9.0 (2.3) log UFC/mL with 21 days of storage for SIMF and SIMA, respectively. In addition, SIMFA showed a value of 8.2 (0.1) log UFC/mL by the end of the 28 days period. All formulations showed a slight decrease in pH values by 28 days in relation to the star of the storage, reaching 2,2 to 2,5 for the unadjusted formulations and 4,3 to 4,8 for the adjusted ones. Titratable acidity and TSS parameters showed minor alterations during storage. TPC showed variations in all formulations, staying between 234 and 431 mg GAE/L. Moreover, antioxidant activity was kept stable in PREB, SIMF, SIMA and SIMFA, presenting a slight growth in SIM and significant decrease in PAD. Evaluation of overall acceptance and purchase intent for PREB, SIMF and SIMA was conducted with 91 untrained panelists. Both PREB and SIMF received high acceptability indexes of 78,14 and 75,46%, respectively, and panelists considered the excess of acidity and lack of sweet taste as the most important characteristics for improvement. Through observation of the obtained results, it is possible to consider yellow mombin juice fortified with FOS as a viable matrix for the inoculation L. plantarum, keeping stable counts for symbiotic formulations and reaching good acceptance.

Obesity is characterized by a mass expansion of adipose tissue and changes in its body distribution, associated with a chronic increase in circulating concentrations of inflammatory mediators. Anti-inflammatory agents are presented as an alternative treatment for obesity, being tested in animal and human models. However, the lack of effective agents points to the need to assess the mechanisms and identify more effective therapeutic targets. This study aimed to gather similar studies published in the literature through a systematic review, aiming to answer the following question: "What are the mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory agents in adipose tissue?". In addition to evaluating through evidence in a secondary study, new treatment pathways focused on inflammation and common in obesity and its conformities. Initially, a protocol for obtaining a systematic review was prepared and registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), aiming at guiding the secondary study. In this way, were used select report items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) to outline the protocol and PRISMA for systematic review and meta-analysis. The articles were selected according to eligibility criteria based on the PICOS (population, interventions, control, results, and study type). The databases used for the research were PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS, and EMBASE. Experimental studies using rats and mice with a control group that described treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs (drugs, nutraceuticals, bioactive compounds, among others) were included at any frequency, time, and dose. Three independent reviewers selected the articles and extracted the data. The evaluation of the methodological quality of each survey was carried out using the SYRCLE tool. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO under the number: CRD42020182897 and published in a scientific journal. Initially, 1263 articles were selected, and at the end of the search, 27 were eligible for review. Among the anti-inflammatory agents, identified six drugs, 18 natural compounds, and three synthetic compounds. Given the studies, it can be inferred that a large part of the bioactive compounds, drugs, and synthetic compounds act in metabolic pathways that culminate, mainly, in the expression of inflammatory cytokines reduction, which favors an infiltration of macrophages reduction in white and adipose tissue. Besides, cause a polarization process of type M1 to M2 macrophages. It can be noted that innumerable inflammatory pathways overlap to explain the mechanism of action of these natural and synthetic compounds and drugs. Given the heterogeneity of the data, there was no grouping, and it was not possible to carry out the meta-analysis. Thus, the article clarifies and systematizes the mechanisms of these compounds and drugs in adipose tissue, being of great relevance and generating information for possible future research on these pathways, aiming at the most effective treatment of inflammation in obesity.

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common tumor of the endocrine system. Dietary factors may have benefits in decreasing the risk of TC or its severity. The study aimed to evaluate the association between food and dietary intake, inflammatory and dietary index and histopathological tumor staging (angiolymphatic invasion, thyroid extension, lymph node metastasis and multicentricity) of patients with thyroid cancer in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. This is a cross-sectional study that included 98 individuals assisted by the League Against Cancer, who underwent total or partial thyroidectomy for suspected malignant thyroid neoplasm. To assess food and dietary intake and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the 24-hour recall (24hR) collected in three moments was applied. The analysis and cytological and histopathological classifications of the tumors were performed at the Pathology Laboratory of Hospital Luiz Antônio (HLA) by pathologists. Student's t, Mann–Whitney, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test and Binary Logistic Regression tests were used when appropriate. Patients were classified as: benign (n=25) and malignant (n=73) neoplasms. Significant associations were found between Cholesterol (p=0.007), Iodine (p=0.028), Omega 3 (p=0.031), Vitamin D (p=0.041) and the presence of malignant nodules, with Cholesterol intake > 246, 97 g associated with 13.00 times greater chances of malignancy. Vitamin D (p=0.031) and Omega 3 (p=0.039) were associated with the presence of angiolymphatic invasion. Calcium (p=0.008) and Caffeine (p=0.027) were associated with extrathyroidal extension, with calcium intake > 640.06 mg representing a protection factor of 5.43. Vitamin E was associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (p=0.029). Vitamin B6 (p=0.026) was associated with the presence of multicentricity. Vitamin A intake >276.17 mcg was associated with 4.714 and 6.111 greater odds of presence of multicentricity and extrathyroidal extension, and riboflavin intake >2.4 mg was associated with 4.375 greater odds of presence of extrathyroidal extension. Regarding the IID, no associations were found with the histopathological staging of CT. Eating habits seem to be associated with the histopathological tumor staging of thyroid carcinoma, requiring further studies and investigations that, if confirmed, may have important implications for public health. 

Inadequate nutrient intake, in addition to unfavorable clinical and anthropometric factors, can lead to worse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). This prospective cohort study aims to assess the prevalence of inadequacies of micronutrients, clinical and anthropometric parameters, and associations with survival in 121 adults and elderly patients with HF treated in an outpatient clinic. An average of 3.4 24-hour recalls was used to assess the usual consumption of micronutrients. Participants were divided into moderate and high deficiency groups, and consumption clusters, according to individual assessment of the intake of each micronutrient. Sociobiodemographic, clinical and anthropometric data were collected, and clinical outcomes (hospitalization and mortality) occurred within 24 months. Overall and eventfree survival were calculated by Kaplan-Meier and curves compared by Log-Rank. Cox regression models were built to identify outcome predictor variables. There was a 100% prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamins B1 and D, and more than 80% for vitamins B2, B9, E, and for calcium, magnesium and copper. There were no differences in overall survival and event-free survival between the groups of individuals with moderate and high micronutrient deficiency (HR = 0.94; p = 0.91 and HR = 1.63; p = 0.26, respectively), and between the Cluster with the highest and lowest consumption of calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and vitamin D (HR = 0.94; p = 0.91 and HR = 1.08; p = 0.84) as well as when the inadequacy of micronutrients was evaluated in isolation (all p>0.05). Excess weight, according BMI, and glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min/1.73m2 showed significant associations with better overall survival (both p<0.05). Cox regression models indicated that the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III/IV is an independent predictor of overall, event-free survival, increasing the risk of mortality (HR = 6.70 (2.21 – 20 .29), p = 0.01) and hospitalizations (HR = 5.64, p < 0.01). Adequate weight according to BMI was associated with better overall survival (HR = 4.53, p = 0.02). Thus, individuals with HF treated in an outpatient clinic have a high prevalence of inadequacy of micronutrients. NYHA functional class and BMI are independent predictors of the occurrence of unfavorable clinical outcomes in individuals with HF.

In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that selenium supplementation has insulin-mimetic action related to the antioxidant activity of this micronutrient. Otherwise, other studies suggest the ingestion of high doses of selenium interferes with insulin signaling, leading to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. In view of these controversies, this systematic review aimed to answer the following question: “Does Se supplementation affect glycemic control markers in healthy rodents?” The review registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021212011) will be developed based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Metanalysis (PRISMA). Experimental, randomized or non-randomized trials of healthy animal models (rodents) of both sexes, only supplemented with selenium (inorganic, organic or synthetic compounds), regardless of dose, frequency or route of administration, will be included. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) will be considered as the primary outcome and insulin concentration, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), selenium concentration and GPx expression as secondary outcomes. The process of search, selection, extraction and quality analysis will be carried out independently, by two reviewers. Divergences will be resolved by a third reviewer. Searches will be conducted in the databases Embase, Scopus, Medline-Pubmed, Web of Science and CINAHL. The analysis of risk of bias and methodological quality of the included studies will be performed by SYRCLE and CAMARADES tools, respectively. The search strategy resulted in 1389 articles reported, with 13 studies remaining at the end of the selection. Among the selected articles, 38% (5 articles) had adverse effects on fasting blood glucose, insulin or glycated hemoglobin, after treatment with doses between 5 µmol/kg/day and 4000 µg/kg/day sodium selenite, for 28-30 days. On the contrary, two studies with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) suggested protective effects after administration with 100µg/kg/day for 28 days and 0.5ml/day for 7 days. Another 5 studies reported no significant changes in fasting glucose after treatment with sodium selenite. All studies presented a high risk of selection bias (allocation methods, randomization of animals and blinding of evaluators), however, 100% of the articles were free of biased reports of results, with no potential sources of bias found. Methodological quality resulted in scores between 1.5 and 7.0, with 23.1% of studies classified as high quality. Due to heterogeneity in the presentation of results, there was no statistical design and no meta-analysis. However, this systematic review suggests a theoretical model that considers administration dose, treatment time, presence of pre-existing glycemic changes in the experimental model and form of supplemented Se, as variables that influence the effects of Se supplementation on glycemic markers, as well as systematizes the mechanisms involved in the negative regulation of Se in glucose homeostasis in healthy models. These findings point out critically about the risk of excessive administration of supplements and guides If preclinical future studies on this topic.

Vitamin E deficiency (VED) is associated with several clinical findings in newborns, such as pulmonary bronchodysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity and intracranial hemorrhage. These complications are studied in preterm newborns (PTNB) (< 37 weeks), but low circulating levels of the vitamin were also found in term newborns (TNB). As an inadequacy of vitamin E in the neonatal phase can also compromise cognitive health in childhood, studies are needed to assess whether there is a difference in the nutritional status of vitamin E of newborns according to the gestational age of delivery, to provide support for the protocols of monitoring of neonatal health. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the vitamin E nutritional status between preterm and full-term newborns. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, which included original cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies in all languages. As eligibility criteria, the analysis of serum/plasma alphatocopherol concentration in newborns was adopted, including PTNB and/or TNB and type of observational study. The databases used for the research were PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, SciELO and Capes Periodicals for thesis and dissertation. All data were analyzed and extracted by two independent reviewers. The assessment of methodological quality was performed using the NewcastleOtawa Scale tool. Mean differences and confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using the R software. The revision was registered in PROSPERO under registration CRD42021165152. In the systematic review, 1809 articles were found, and at the end of the search 13 were eligible for the review, with a population of newborns between 14 and 235 evaluated, 07 cohort studies, 05 cross-sectiona studies and 01 case-control. Only 03 studies were included in the meta-analysis for using a standardized method for the analytical determination of alpha-tocopherol, for containing information on the mean and standard deviation of alpha-tocopherol and for having performed the analysis in both the PTNB and the TNB. The studies showed high heterogeneity, explained by the sample size, mean serum vitamin E levels and risk of bias. More than 90% of cases were classified with VED in both groups. In the final model, 166 PTNB and 194 TNB were included, with no significant differences found in the means of alpha-tocopherol concentration between the groups (-0.15 [CI 95% -0.72; 0.42], p = 0.61). Despite the need for further studies on the topic, these results demonstrate that regardless of the gestational age at birth, both newborns may have similar vitamin E status, and it is necessary to assess whether these low levels are maintained during the postnatal phase or are transient due to increased use of vitamin E during the birth.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder and its prevalence in children and adolescents has increased over the years. Studies indicate the deficiency of trace elements as one of the factors involved in the etiology of the disorder, with zinc being one of the main trace elements investigated in individuals with ASD. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the relationship between zinc status and Autism in children and adolescents. The protocol for this review is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with registration number: CRD42020157907. The methodological guidelines adopted are in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes (PRISMA) statement. The selection of studies was carried out from an active search in the databases, Pubmed, Scopus and LILACS, using the search descriptors: zinc, trace elements, Biometals, Autism, children, adolescent. The assessment of the methodological quality of the studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Thirty-five studies (34 Case-Controls, one Cohort) performed and 13 countries were included, including the USA (20%), China (17%) and Russia (17%), with the largest number of studies. Sample sizes ranged from 20 to 371, and participant ages from 2 to 18 years. Nine types of biological matrices were evaluated in the studies, with hair (51%) and serum (26%) being the most used in the evaluation of zinc concentrations. Significant differences between the zinc concentrations of the TEA and control groups were observed in 15 studies, of which (34%) observed lower zinc concentrations for the TEA group and (9%) with higher concentrations for the TEA group. Children and adolescents with ASD had lower zinc concentrations compared to controls. Intervention studies with zinc supplementation strategies for children and adolescents with ASD should be conducted.

Probiotics are defined as viable microorganisms when ingested regularly, provide numerous health benefits. However, cell viability can be compromised by exposure to storage and the digestive process. Thus, encapsulation appears as a technological solution capable of promoting protection, controlled release, and preservation of bioactive effects. In this context, the present study aimed to produce, characterize and evaluate the stability of microparticles based on sodium alginate or porcine gelatin containing Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL B-4495 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496. Encapsulation was performed using the oil-in-water (O/W) emulsification technique, using Tween 20 as a surfactant. The encapsulates obtained were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Laser Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (DRX). Furthermore, they were evaluated for cell viability, incorporation efficiency, water dispersibility, thermal stability, and stability during storage for 60 days under different temperature conditions (5 °C and 25 °C). For those encapsulated in gelatin, the micrographs showed irregular particles with a smooth surface containing microorganisms in their structures, unlike the sodium alginatebased particles, which showed shrinkage and an apparent absence of microorganisms. The FTIR indicated chemical interactions between the constituents of gelatin-based formulations, with new vibrational bands and visualization of characteristic bands of probiotics. Furthermore, XRD showed that the encapsulates presented a semi-crystalline structure. Gelatin-based formulations containing L. acidophilus and L. plantarum had mean diameters of 26.08 μm (1.74) and 21.56 μm (4.16) and encapsulation efficiencies of 89.6% (4.2 ) and 81.1% (9.7) and viability of [12.1 Log CFU/g (1.0)] and [12.3 Log CFU/g (1.4)], respectively (p>0, 05). On the other hand, the alginate-based particles exhibited diameters of 5.24 μm (1.32) for L. acidophilus and 5.52 μm (4.55) for L. plantarum with cell viability and efficiency of incorporation of probiotics null. Water dispersibility of 69% was found for gelatine encapsulates. Thermal analysis indicated stability at a temperature below 54 ºC, suggesting preservation of the microparticles at room temperature. Finally, the L. acidophilus microparticles in gelatin were stable for 60 days of storage at 5 ºC [12.6 Log CFU/g (0.0)] and 25 ºC [12.5 Log CFU/g (0.5)] (p>0.05). Thus, it was found that microencapsulation in gelatin by O/W emulsification is an adequate and favorable strategy for the protection and stability of probiotic bacteria, enabling future applications in the food area.

The consumption of ultra-processed foods can lead to the onset of chronic non-communicable diseases, inadequate intake of micronutrients, among other health problems. Therefore, it is important to assess this consumption during lactation and its impact on milk composition and maternal nutritional status, as maternal nutrition must ensure an adequate nutritional composition of milk, avoiding the establishment of deficiencies, such as vitamin E deficiency (VED). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods and its relationship with dietary intake and vitamin E concentration in milk and serum of lactating women. The study was cross-sectional with 294 lactating women attended at university hospitals in Rio Grande do Norte, with at least 30 days postpartum. Blood and breast milk collection was made in fasting and the concentration of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) in the samples was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The vitamin E profile of breast milk was evaluated considering the amount of the vitamin in an estimated volume of daily consumption (780 mL/day) and compared to the recommendation for infants (4 mg/day). The women's food consumption was obtained by three 24-hour recalls and the foods were classified according to NOVA into unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods and ultra-processed foods. Dietary intake of energy, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and vitamin E was also analyzed. Participants were divided into tertiles according to the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the groups divided by the tertiles and a multiple linear regression test was performed, without and with adjustment for family income, to assess the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the vitamin biomarkers. The consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods contributed with 51% of energy intake and ultra-processed foods with 16%. Unprocessed or minimally processed foods contributed most to vitamin E consumption (44%). Alpha-tocopherol in maternal serum was 1144 (344) μg/dL, with 5% (n=11) VED (<517 μg/dL), and in breast milk, mean values of 362 (170) μg/dL were found, being 78% below the recommended daily consumption by infants. Higher caloric intake was observed in women with a higher tertile of consumption of ultra-processed foods (p<0.05). The increase in the share of ultra-processed foods in the diet was associated with lower serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations (β=-0.166, p=0.005), the inadequate vitamin E profile of breast milk (β=-0.137, p=0.021) and the lower consumption of the vitamin from other NOVA groups. The main findings of this study revealed a negative impact of the consumption of ultra-processed foods on the profile of vitamin E biomarkers in lactating women, warning of the possible reduction in circulating levels of the vitamin and its supply to infants. Thus, the current dietary guidelines for the lactating population are reinforced, with regard to avoiding the consumption of these foods, ensuring the promotion of an adequate and healthy diet, and avoiding VED during this period of life.

Background & aims: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most frequent dystrophy. Chronic inflammation appears as an important feature of DMD pathophysiology and progression, with cytokines being biomarkers of systemic inflammation and indicative of muscle damage in DMD. Objective: To identify the inflammatory profile of individuals with DMD and to evaluate associations between clinical and nutritional variables. Methods: a prospective study was conducted with data collection between January 2018 and June 2019, in the city of Natal, Northeastern Brazil. Male patients with a confirmed diagnosis of DMD were included. Sociodemographic and illness time data were obtained by interview; the use of medications and supplements was assessed based on information from the patient's medical record. The nutritional status was assessed according to the body mass index (BMI) and the body composition determined with the aid of dual emission x-ray densitometry (DXA). Plasma cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-�, were measured using the ELISA test. The relationship between illness time, nutritional status, body composition, and cytokines was assessed by the Wilcoxon test. Spearman's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions were used to establish the relationship between the time of the first signs of DMD, fat mass (FM), and cytokines. Results: Forty-four individuals aged 4.3 to 24.2 years were evaluated. At the time of data collection, individuals had been for 7.8 (4.7–10.5) years since the onset of the first signs of the disease. Concerning nutritional status, 18.2% of the individuals presented marked thinness, thinness or underweight, 40.9% were eutrophic, and 40.9% presented the risk of overweight, overweight, or obesity. The mean %FM was of 33,9 (15,9–50,2) %. The %FM increased (p <0.001) since the beginning of the first signs of DMD. The illness time was positively correlated with IL6 (ρ = 0.371 p = 0.013). BMI/Age correlated negatively with IL-1β and TNF-α (ρ = - 0.357 p = 0.030 and ρ = -0.353 p = 0.032), while the %FM showed a negative relationship with TNF-α (ρ = -0.435 p = 0.005). The regression models demonstrated lower z-scores of BMI/A associated with higher values of IL-1β (β = -0,498 p = 0,003) and IL-6 (β = -0.640 p = 0.004), higher %FM associated with higher IL-6 (β = 0.582 p = 0.007) and lower TNF-α (β = -0.415 p = 0.015). Conclusion: A persistent inflammatory profile was observed in the patients evaluated. The illness time was not a predictor for the values of the evaluated cytokines. Lower values of BMI/A and higher values of %FM were predictors of higher concentrations of IL-6, while lower values of %FM were associated with higher production of TNF-α. The data suggest that maintaining adequate nutritional status and body composition are important for determining the inflammation presented by individuals with DMD.

Natural pigments have numerous bioactive properties, especially carotenoids that have powerful anti-inflammatory action on the human body. However, carotenoids are unstable in the presence of light, acids, oxygen, and heat, which can lead to the loss of antioxidant effects related to the consumption of these molecules. Nanoencapsulation appears as a strategy to preserve or enhance the antiinflammatory action, in addition to increasing the solubility and bioavailability of carotenoids. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of nanoparticles for future clinical applications. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and bioactivity of nanoparticles based on crude Cantaloupe melon extract rich in carotenoids and porcine gelatin in Wistar rats. Encapsulation was performed by oil/water emulsification followed by lyophilization, and porcine gelatin was used as an encapsulating agent and Tween 20 as a surfactant. Nanoformulation (EPG) was characterized by different physical and chemical analyzes and evaluated for incorporation efficiency (EI). Toxicity was investigated through signs of general toxicity and food consumption in male Wistar rats (n = 10) fed with a high glycemic index and glycemic load (HGLI) diet treated with EPG administered by gavage (50 mg/Kg), and crude extract rich in carotenoid (12.5 mg/kg) for ten days, using as controls a group without treatment and another treated with a standard diet. Blood toxicity (blood count, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, liver, and kidney function), morphology and histopathology of the liver, small intestine, kidneys, stomach, and spleen, were evaluated. The characterization of EGS pointed to the presence of spherical particles with a smooth surface, an average diameter of 74 (12.7) nm, a polydispersion index of 0.53 (0.12), and EI of 98% (1.78). For signs of general toxicity, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the initial and final weight of the rats in each evaluated group. There was a significant increase (p <0.05) in food consumption only in the group without treatment. Through the biochemical parameters analyzed, low toxicity of EGS was found. The results obtained for the determination of the relative weight of the livers, spleen, small intestine, kidneys, and stomach showed that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the studied groups. The morphological and histopathological analyses of the liver showed acute hepatitis in the animals of all the groups evaluated, and those treated with EB and EGS showed tissue repair. For small intestine, chronic enteritis was observed in all animals, with a considerable improvement in the villi and intestinal glands of animals treated with EGS. The stomach, spleen, and kidneys do not present a histopathological alteration. The results suggest the safe application of EGS and a bioactive effect, possibly related to the anti-inflammatory potential, showing the safety regarding the use in future clinical studies, aiming to investigate the efficacy in the control of inflammatory processes.

Evidence have pointed to a high prevalence of obesity and lipid alterations associated with high consumption of ultra-processed foods (AUP) in children and adolescents. The aim of the study was to quantify food consumption by level of processing and its influence on anthropometric and lipid profile indicators in overweight adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study carried out by non-probabilistic sampling, with adolescents between 10 and 19 years old, of both sexes, diagnosed with excess weight, attended for the first time at the pediatric outpatient clinic in Natal/RN, in October/2016 to August/2019. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, food and dietary consumption data were evaluated. Anthropometric nutritional status was assessed using BMI-for-age, PP, PC, RCQ, RCA and Ic. And CT, HDL, TG, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol for the lipid profile. Food and dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour recall. Food was classified according to the type of processing, according to the “NOVA Classification”, proposed by Monteiro et al (2010). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Student t, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Poisson regression and the Omnibus test were used for statistical analysis. The sample consisted of 158 adolescents, with a higher percentage (50,6%) being male. There were statistically significant differences for the altered variables of PP (P = 0.01), IC (P=0.04), RCA (P=0,017) and TG (P=0,047). We recorded anthropometric averages above the cutoff point for HF (1,29±0,06) and RCA (0,59±0,05) in males, and for biochemical variables, TG (105±50,44), no -HDL-c (132±30,65) and the average TG/HDL (2,76±1,54) and CT/HDL (4,32±1,04) ratios above the recommended. We verified means of PP (33,00±2,22), IC (1,23±0,07) and RCA (0,57±0,06) and CT (173±30,28), TG (122±61,32), without HDL-c (133±28,38) and the TG/HDL (3,22±1,96) and CT/HDL (4,44±0,95) ratios above that recommended in women. The average caloric intake of the total sample was 1.731,3 ± 635,4 kcal/day. Male adolescents had a higher caloric intake compared to girls (1.835,9 ± 671,2 vs. 1.621,1 ± 579,5 kcal/day; t(154) = 2,134; P = 0,034). There was a greater relative caloric contribution of fresh foods and AUP in both sexes. It was found that adolescents with high non-HDL-c had increased mean values for IC [t(149,692) = -2,196; P = 0,029], TG [U(117) = 2245,0; P < 0,001], CT [t(156) = -15,913; P < 0,001] e não-HDL-c [t(145,044) = -17,629; P < 0,001]. In the crude and adjusted regression model, an association was identified between elevated non-HDL-c and RCQ (RP: 1,4; IC 95%: 1,1 a 1,9), TG/HDL ratio (RP: 1,9; IC 95%: 1,2 a 3,0), and CT/HDL ratio (RP: 5,3; IC 95%: 2,6 a 10,6) in the crude analysis and only the CT/HDL ratio remained associated with elevated non-HDL-c in the adjusted analysis. We conclude that the anthropometric indicators of HF and RCA were more evident in male adolescents and changes in TC, TG, non-HDL-c and TG / HDL, CT / HDL ratios in women. Although we did not find associations between AUPs and cardiometabolic disorders, non-HDL-c is a cardiometabolic risk in these adolescents.

The worldwide epidemic of obesity in the pediatric age group is responsible for the occurrence of metabolic disorders that can culminate in Metabolic Syndrome (MS). The study aimed to evaluate the frequency of MS and Hypertriglycerodemic Waist (CHT) and its association with the prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy in overweight adolescents with and without MS. Cross-sectional study, by non-probabilistic sampling, with overweight adolescents, attended at Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes / UFRN, Natal / RN. Anthropometric, biochemical, food and dietary consumption data were collected. We conducted two 24-hour reminders to estimate the usual consumption of energy and nutrients. The prevalence of inadequacy of micronutrients was estimated by the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) as a cutoff point, with adjustments for intra and interpersonal and energy variances. The normality of data distribution was verified by the Komolgorov-Smirnov test and the Mann-Whitney U test. The t-Student test to verify differences in the metabolic characteristics of adolescents with and without MS, and with and without CHT. Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test to verify the binary association of variables with MS. Poisson regression was used to verify the prevalence ratio between CHT and SM. The final sample consisted of 168 adolescents, 53% male and an average age of 11.6 ± 1.6 years. We registered 57.1% with obesity, 22.2% with MS and 42.3% with CHT. We found significant differences between adolescents with and without MS for CP, fasting glycemia, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. MS was associated with BMI, CP, fasting glycemia, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, both by the cutoff point for SM and for CHT, just as it was associated with CHT. CHT was associated with MS regardless of fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, and the prevalence ratio between CHT and MS was 5.02 (95% CI, 1.94 to 12.99; P = 0.001). The average consumption of energy and macronutrients in adolescents with MS was 1671.58 Kcal / day, 52.45% carbohydrate, 16.70% protein, 30.85% total fat and 16.77 g / day fiber . The prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy in both sexes was 100% for the following nutrients, regardless of the presence of MS: vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, vitamin B12. We found high prevalence of inadequacy for adolescents with and without MS respectively, vitamin A (80.51 - 98.54%), vitamin B1 (81.59 - 99.62%), vitamin B2 (92.79 - 100%), vitamin B6 (96.86 - 99.78%), phosphorus (91.31 - 97.13%), magnesium (95.15 - 100%), copper (77.34 - 92.22%). We concluded that there was a high prevalence of MS, correlated with anthropometric status, CP, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, HDL-c and triglycerides, as well as associated with CHT. Adequacy was observed regarding energy and macronutrient consumption and high prevalence of inadequate vitamin and mineral consumption regardless of the presence of MS.

Proteinuria, a common clinical condition after kidney transplantation (KTx), has multifactorial causes, but there are indications that high dietary protein intake also influences renal function outcomes. In the late posttransplant there is an indication for nutritional therapy with control of protein intake, however there are gaps on the real impact of interventions on renal function parameters and other posttransplant aspects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an individualized nutritional intervention in the late posttransplant on renal function, body composition and quality of life of KTx recipients at a University Hospital in Natal / RN. This is a clinical trial, conducted with 20 patients, randomized into a case group (n=10) - with nutritional intervention consisting of an eating plan and individualized nutritional guidelines (1,0 g/Kg of protein) after 60 days of KTx, and control group (n=10) - with nutritional guidelines for posttransplant offered by the hospital. The groups were followed up in the periods of immediate posttransplant (T0), 3 (T3), 6 (T6) and 9 (T9) months after KTx, being evaluated for renal function (urea concentrations, serum creatinine and ACR) , lipid and glycemic profile, dietary assessment (3-day food record), anthropometric measurements (BMI and waist circumference) and body composition (DXA), in addition to the assessment of quality of life (SF-36), level of physical activity (IPAQ) and screening for mental disorders (SRQ20). The results showed a 30% reduction in the mean values of ACR, indicated as the primary outcome, for the case group at T6, and although reduction was also observed for the control group in the same period, there was no significant difference between groups (p = 0.886).There was an improvement in the dyslipidemia, with an adaptation of the mean values of TC, LDL-c and TG, for the case group, still in T6, while in the control this was only observed in T9, however the differences were not significant (p=0,496). The glycemic levels of the case group did not show a reduction, as perceived for the control, in T6, but remained stable and with a tendency to decrease in T9 (p=0,690). Body weight was maintained for patients in the case group, but there was no reduction in the percentage of body fat and an increase in lean mass, as observed for the control group, at T6 (p=0,964/p=0,761). Low protein intake as well as possible fluctuations in body weight in the case group, before 6 months, may have favored the increase in fat mass at T0 (r=- 0,523/p=0,018) and T6 (r=-0,636/p=0,048). As for the quality of life, there was a significant improvement in the score of the 'vitality' domain of the emotional component (p=0,022), for the case group, at T6. In conclusion, the individualized nutritional intervention favored the control of energy and protein intake in the late posttransplant, and this may be important for reducing the risk of proteinuria, improving quality of life and maintaining body weight, however, the composition can be altered with a consequent reduction in muscle mass.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of disorders related to lipid profile (triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol), glycemic, increased central fat deposition and blood pressure, which are considered cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association amongst the components of MS and biological, nutritional and lifestyle factors in individuals with MS. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with individuals between 19 and 77 years, both sexes, enrolled at the Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes - HUOL, UFRN. The individuals who presented the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the research and after agreement were applied the questionnaires of life habits, first 24-hour dietary recall, blood pressure measurements, anthropometric and scheduled biochemical analyses were performed. The second stage consisted of the delivery of biochemical test results, application of the second 24-hour dietary recall and nutritional guidance. Of the total of 224 participants, 172 (76.8%) were women, with a mean 51(12) years, 26.3% were between 60 and 77 years old. . Women are more likely to have changes in waist circumference, as well as HDL-C, and glycaemia (OR = 3,20; IC95% 3,00 - 8,06, OR= 2,94; IC95% 1,36 - 6,31, OR = 0,31; IC95% 0,11 – 0,75, respectively. Dietary consumption of energy, fibers, potassium, copper, iron, and selenium have showed differences amongst groups with and without changes in the components of MS (p<0,05); of these nutrients, potassium has been estimated as a protective factor for HDL-C (OR = 0,98; IC95% 0,97 - 0,99). Individuals with high waist circumference have had more altered concentrations of lipid, glycemic and inflammatory markers (p<0,05), and the body mass index has been considered as a predictor of this component (OR = 2,12; IC95% 1,69 - 3,97). Physical activity has emerged as a protective factor for triglycerides (OR = 0,28; IC95% 0,09 – 0,79). Increased age has been considered a predictor for changes in blood pressure and blood glucose (OR = 1,05; IC95% 1,02 – 1,08, OR = 1,07; IC95% 1,04 – 1,10, respectively). Every increase in sleeping time can decrease the chance of high blood pressure by 22%. Dietary potassium intake, physical activity, and sleeping hours have been able considered in therapeutic approaches aimed at prevention and treatment of the MS.

Cancer impacts on body composition, and loss of muscle mass (MM) is associated to worse outcomes. Therefore, it is important to investigate simple, easy and cost-effective methods of MM assessment to early identify individuals with low MM. The objective of the study was to evaluate if calf circumference (CC) may be used as a marker of MM considering skeletal muscle index (SMI) from computed tomography (CT) as a gold standard and the prognostic value of CC and SMI to predict mortality in patients with cancer. A single center prospective study was conducted with adult and elderly patients attending a reference center of oncology and had recent abdominal CT images available. Data was collected through a semi-structured form and patients’ records, and included socio-demographic data (sex, age and ethnicity); clinical data (primary site and staging of tumor and treatments performed); anthropometric variables (body mass index – BMI and CC) and outcome (death). Muscle strength was accessed using handgrip strength (dynamometry). MM was assessed by CT images at the level of the third lumbar vertebra, muscle quantity was analyzed by SMI (total muscular area normalized for height) and muscle quality by muscle attenuation (MA). Spearman’s correlation, sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive and negative value and area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex and staging of disease was used to evaluate prognostic value of the MM evaluation methods to predict mortality. A total of 250 patients (52.8% female) were evaluated, with a median age of 63 years (IQR: 55-73). Colorectal cancer was the most prevalent, followed by gastric cancer in men and breast cancer in women. Stages III and IV together represented 64% of the patients and 48% performed combined treatment. Almost half were classified as normal BMI (44.4%), 46.4% had low CC; low SMI was observed in 29.2% of the patients, 33.6% had low MA and low muscle strength was identified in 41.6% of the sample (dynapenia). CC was positively correlated with MM and SMI obtained by CT images, with highest correlation obtained between CC and MM not adjusted for height both in men (r=0.667, p<0.001) and women (r=0.392, p<0.001) (moderate and weak correlation, respectively). The area under curve for CC identifying low MM was greater in men (AUC 0.697, 78% sensitivity and 62% specificity) compared to women (AUC 0.563, 50% sensitivity and 63% specificity). Kappa test showed a fair agreement (0.366, p < 0.001) between the methods, however it was observed only for male. Death by any cause occurred in 16% of patients and significant predictor of mortality was identified only for low CC (HR = 3.02; CI 1.52-6.03, p = 0.002). In conclusion, low CC was consistent with low SMI for male patients and predicts risk of mortality in patients with cancer. The findings allow the use of CC as a simple screen tool in clinical practice to identify cancer patients in risk of death to target specific care.

Nutrition during the complementary feeding period provides nutrients and dietary compounds that influence intestinal health. This study aimed to investigate the association between nutrient intake of complementary food and intestinal barrier function in infants under two years of age. A prospective longitudinal study included 233 children aged 9 to 15 months from the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study, carried out in Fortaleza-CE. The dietary intake of complementary food was estimated based on 24-hour dietary recall (24HR), collected monthly from 9 to 15 months of age. The usual nutrient intake was adjusted by intrapersonal variance and energy. Nutritional adequacy of the energy, fiber, and macronutrients dietary intake was evaluated by the ratio between the value consumed and the recommended one. For the micronutrient adequacy of diet, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was constructed from the nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) calculated for vitamins (vitamin A, thiamine and folate) and minerals (iron, zinc, and calcium). The evaluation of intestinal barrier function was determined by the lactulose/mannitol urinary ratio (L: M). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), neopterin (NEO) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) concentrations were measured in stool samples to indicate gut immunity and permeability. As an indicator of environmental enteropathy (EE), the EE score was calculated, based on the categorization of the three fecal biomarkers concentrations (MPO, NEO, AAT) distributions. To investigate the association between energy and nutrient intake and intestinal biomarkers multiple linear regressions were used. Nutritional adequacy was high for all evaluated nutrients, except for the fiber intake adequacy. All biomarkers exhibited high values, indicating a compromised intestinal barrier function and the presence of intestinal inflammation among the infants evaluated. There was a negative correlation between energy adequacy and L: M (ρ = -0.19, p <0.05) and between folate adequacy and NEO concentrations (ρ = -0.21, p <0.01). However, a positive correlation between thiamine adequacy and MPO concentration (ρ = 0.22, p <0.01) and between calcium adequacy and NEO concentration (ρ = 0.23; p < 0.01). The results from the regression models showed that higher energy intake was associated with a lower L: M ratio (β = -0.19, p = 0.02) and that higher fiber intake was associated with lower intestinal inflammation (β = -0.20, p = 0.04). In conclusion, the infants showed nutrient intakes higher than the recommended dietary allowance (on the exception of fiber), impaired intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation. The higher energetic and fiber intakes were associated with a better intestinal barrier function and lower intestinal inflammation, respectively.  

Studies have shown the benefits of Trypsin Inhibitor isolated from Tamarind seeds (Tamarindus indica L.) (TTI), which improves several biochemical parameters in Wistar rats. However, alternatives are sought to intensify the effect of TTI, through encapsulation, which allows a controlled release and potentialize the bioactive effect. In this study, we investigated the impact of nanoencapsulated TTI on chitosan and whey protein isolate (ECW) on biochemical parameters (glycemia, insulin and lipid profile) of Wistar rats overfeed with high glycemic index diet (HGLI), in addition to evaluating the in vitro stability of the ECW against the physiological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The nanoparticles were synthesized by nanoprecipitation using an aqueous solution containing chitosan, whey protein isolate and TTI (2: 2: 1 w/w/w) (ECW) and without ITT (2: 2 w/w) (CW). The nanoencapsulates were mainly characterized by morphology (SEM) and particle size (Laser Diffraction). They were also evaluated for stability to in vitro gastrointestinal tract conditions being performed in the three phases, oral, gastric and intestinal, and monitored by antitrypsin activity, SDS-PAGE gel protein profile and High-Efficiency Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The nanoparticles were administered in vivo by gavage (12.5 mg/kg of ECW and 10.0 mg/kg of CW) in Wistar rats overfeed with HGLI diet and investigated for biochemical parameters and histopathological analysis of the pancreas. ECW and CW have spherical shapes, smooth surfaces and agglomeration and, respectively, mean diameter of 117.4 nm (24.1) and 123.9 (11.3), and polydispersity index of 0.370 (0.004) and 0.225 (0.013).The results obtained in conditions simulating digestibility showed that ECW maintained the antitrypsin activity in 95.5% in the gastric phase, whereas the TTI (control) was hydrolyzed, completely losing the activity and characteristic protein peak observed by HPLC. In the presence of intestinal enzymes, ECW and TTI were susceptible to assay conditions, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE and HPLC. In Wistar rats overfeed with HGLI diet, ECW and CW significantly reduced glycemia and HOMA IR, and only ECW increased HDL-c (p <0.05). Regarding the histopathology of the pancreas, ECW obtained better results regarding tissue repair and aspects related to organ normality and functionality. Based on the results obtained, the importance of the study is emphasized due to its innovative character. It was possible to show that the nanoencapsulation promoted better protection of the TTI, and gradual release in the desired condition, improvement of the biochemical parameters related to the Metabolic Syndrome, using a low TTI dosage.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with gastric and colorectal tumors among the 10 most common types. Changes in body composition and skeletal muscle mass of cancer patients are common; however, such changes may directly impact survival and are associated with a higher incidence of post-surgical complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate which aspects related to body composition, muscle strength and skeletal muscle characteristics are predictive factors of postoperative complications in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. A prospective study, from December 2017 to December 2018, was performed with surgical patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. Computed tomography images of the abdominal region were evaluated to determine body composition: amount of skeletal muscle through Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI), skeletal muscle quality through muscle radiodensity, which reflects fat infiltration into the muscle, and amount of Visceral Adipose Tissue. Sarcopenia was defined as low SMI, and myosteatosis as low muscle radiodensity. Dynapenia was defined as low handgrip strength. Grade II post-surgical complications or above, according to Clavien-Dindo's classification, were considered in this study. All patients were followed up until hospital discharge, and 30 days after discharge. A total of 84 patients were included in the study and 17.9% were diagnosed with sarcopenia, 16.7% with myosteatosis and 31% with dynapenia. Post-surgical complications occurred in 51.2% of the sample. Cox regression analyze showed that dynapenia combined with sarcopenia and/or myosteatosis was the strongest independent predictor of risk for postoperative complications in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. In conclusion, it is strongly recommended to evaluate the body composition before performing the surgical procedure, which may help to screen patients at higher risk of developing complications, reducing the risks from this therapeutic modality.

The production of meals in institutional restaurants covers several nuances, especially in the current scenario of intense relationship between food and climate change, water scarcity, social and economic inequality and the incidence of morbidities in the world population. Thus, the present research aims to evaluate Institutional Education Restaurants (IER) of the federal public sphere from the perspective of Sustainable Nutrition, including the economic, social, environmental and health dimensions. This study was characterized as descriptive/cross-sectional, carried out in six IER from November 2018 to August 2019. The analysis consisted of evaluating acquisition foodstuffs as well as the menu served during 1 (one) month in each educational institution. The acquired foodstuffs were investigated from the perspective of their origin – place of production; financial investment by degree of processing – based on food guide guidelines; nutritional profile – according to the parameters of the Pan American Health Organization and presence of genetically modified organisms in order to address the socioeconomic, environmental and health dimensions. The menu served was subject to environmental and health evaluation through the assessment of Water Footprint (WF) and Nutritional Composition of the meal offered. The results of the present research showed that 44.8% of the acquired foodstuffs were of local origin; 28.1% of national origin; 15.7% of regional origin; 11.0% state and only 0.4% of international origin. Higher average percentage of financial spent in “fresh or minimally processed foods” (73.4%), followed by “processed” (11.9%), “ultra-processed” (10.8%) and “seasoning/culinary ingredients” (2.2%). Excess sodium (60.8%), Saturated Fat (46.9%), Total Fat (43.6%), Free Sugars (40.1%), Trans Fat (21.3%), Sweeteners (16.2%) in the acquired foodstuffs by the institutions. It was found that 9.2% of the purchased foods were transgenic. Regarding the analysis of the menus, an average water footprint of 2 165.5 Liters of water per meal was observed, which provided an average energy value of 834.6kcal, proteins 51.8g, carbohydrates 100.2g, lipids 25.2g, fiber 11.5g and sodium 1,289.6mg. Although IER have a higher purchase of local foods, with a high financial investment in “fresh or minimally processed” foods, there have nevertheless been considerable purchases of “processed” and “ultra-processed” foods in which they have direct implications on the frequency of foodstuffs with excess sodium, saturated fat, total fat, Free sugars, trans fat and sweeteners. The data obtained in the present research show that food acquisition and menu development in the RIE are directly related to the dimensions that involve sustainable nutrition.

Ballet dancers constitute a risk group for the development of eating disorders (ED) due to the strict demands on physical performance, contributing to body image dissatisfaction (BI). This study aimed to compare the presence of ED risk behaviors, the perception of BI and the associations with anthropometric nutritional status and body composition in groups of female dancers, gymgoers and sedentary women. This is a comparative study involving 19 participants in each group, conducted from August 2016 to June 2018. Body Mass Index (BMI) was  alculated and body fat percentage (% BF) was analyzed and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To assess the risk behaviors for ED, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), directed to Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE), focused on Bulimia Nervosa (BN) behaviors were used. For the perception of BI, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Silhouette Figure Scale (EFS) were applied. In ballet dancers, BMI and % BF were significantly lower when compared to the other groups (one-way ANOVA, p <0.05). Total body bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA was within the expected limits for age, not differing between groups, averaging 0.4 (0.8) Z-scores. EAT-26, BITE and BSQ scores did not differ between the groups studied. The presence of BI distortion assessed by the EFS was higher among sedentary and gym-goers (68.8% in ballet dancers, 70.6% in gym-goers and 100.0% in sedentary women, p = 0.028), but dissatisfaction with BI was not differed between groups (68.8% in ballet dancers, 75.0% in gym-goers, 89.5% in sedentary women, p = 0.306). BMI and % BF showed a positive correlation with the BSQ score in the dancers (BMI: r2 = 0.657, p = 0.002; % BF: r2 = 0.574, p = 0.010). In gym-goers, % BF showed a negative correlation with the EAT-26 score (r2 = - 0.571, p = 0.013). In sedentary women, BMI positively correlated with EAT-26 score (r2 = 0.462, p = 0.047) and BSQ score (r2 = 0.653, p = 0.002), % BF positively correlated with BSQ score (r2 = 0.524, p= 0.026) and BMD negatively correlated with BITE score (r2 = - 0.537, p = 0.039). It was concluded that the presence of ED risk behaviors and BI dissatisfaction in the dancers was not different when compared to the gym-goers and sedentary women. BI distortion was less present in the ballet dancers when compared to the other groups studied. BMI and % BF correlated differently in the studied groups with behaviors suggestive of ED and BI perception, and BMD was important only in the sedentary group.

Studies have shown that the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) (TTI) seeds have a satietogenic and anti-inflammatory action in an experimental model. Based on this and aiming to increase the efficiency and stability of the antitríptic activity, the present study investigated the isolated and conjugated effect of chitosan and isolated milk protein in the incorporation of TTI. The inhibitor was extracted from tamarind seeds and isolated by affinity chromatography on Trypsin-Sepharose. For the encapsulation, the nanoprecipitation technique was used in an organic solvent (ethanol), and the encapsulating agents evaluated were chitosan, whey protein isolate and a combination of both, respectively, in TTI: encapsulating agent ratio of 1: 4, 1: 4 and 1: 2: 2 w/w. The obtained particles were evaluated for the efficiency of incorporation, characterized by different physical and chemical methods, determination of the amount (mg) of inhibitor that reduces the activity of the trypsin by 50% (IC 50) and stability at different temperatures (40, 60, 80 and 100°C). Regarding the efficiency of incorporation, there was no statistical difference between the evaluated formulations (p> 0.05). SEM of the encapsulates showed the formation of spherical particles with a smooth surface, with the exception of that based on chitosan, in which spherical particles were observed, with surfaces filled with depressions. FTIR spectra provided indicative of ITT encapsulation with the three wall materials studied (purified chitosan, whey protein isolate, and chitosan-whey protein isolate). The diffractograms indicated that all the encapsulates presented amorphous structure. The encapsulation mainly with chitosan and the combination of wall materials promoted a reduction in IC50, respectively, equal to 0.04 mg and 0.05 mg, compared to 0.21 mg of ITT alone, which was proven to be inhibitory action, considering that the particles isolates showed no antitryptic activity. Regarding stability, only chitosan-whey protein isolate preserved the antitrytry activity up to 80°C. Thus, it can be concluded that the combination of encapsulating agents was an extremely important strategy to enhance the function and stability of the TTI.

The practice of classical ballet promotes posture, improvement in physical conditioning, muscle tonus and body modeling, resulting in an increase in energy expenditure. To provide fluidity of dance movements, low body weight and lower fat mass indexes are recommended for practitioners, so that body composition is directly related to ballet performance. Evaluating body composition of classical ballet practitioners is important for maintaining the general health conditions, as well as to avoid deleterious consequences of a low body weight. Although dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered a reference method, anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) are more accessible, but dependent on the use of prediction equations suitable for estimating Body Fat (BF) or Fat-Free Mass (FFM). Different equations for distinct populations are found in the literature, and no specific equations for Brazilian dancers are found. The aim of present study was to validate anthropometry and BIA equations for body composition, comparing them with DXA, for non-professional classical ballet dancers. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with data collection between June 2016 and December 2017. Female ballet dancers at intermediate/advanced level (n = 37) were assessed. Body composition evaluation included total body assessments using DXA, anthropometric assessments and tetrapolar BIA. We used the BF and FFM predictive equations found in the literature excluding equations involving different age groups and equations validated only for males. The correlation between the BF or FFM results given by equations and DXA was determined by the Pearson’s correlation (r). The one sample T-test was used to verify if the mean differences between the results of the equations against DXA significantly differed from zero. The concordance between the different equations and DXA was determined through the Bland-Altman analysis, using simple linear regression to test the presence of proportional bias between the equations and DXA. The studied population had a median age of 19 (16, 24) years and a mean BF of 28.37 (7.01)% by DXA. For BF determined by anthropometry equations, the one proposed by Durnin & Womersley (1974) presented good agreement (r = 0.852, p < 0.000, e one sample T-test p =0.600), with no proportional bias (R² = -0.055, beta = 0.021, p = 0.929). For the BIA equations, none of the predictive equations tested were valid for the study population. The results showed that only one of the predictive equations analyzed was applicable in the evaluation of body composition of the classical ballet dancers studied, emphasizing the importance of the validation of equations when applied in specific populations.

Obesity in adolescence is currently a serious public health problem in Brazil and in the world. In this sense, the reduction and control of body weight represents an important measure to reduce the risks associated with obesity over time. However, adolescents use unhealthy for weight loss behavior, considering that the main motivations for weight loss are related to improving appearance and acceptance by peers, to the detriment of aspects associated with better health. In this context, the present study aims to elaborate and validate of the content a questionnaire for evaluation of the motivation for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity. This is a cross-sectional, methodological study with descriptive and explanatory objectives, which used bibliographical research and the survey as technical procedures and the quantitative data analysis approach. The preparation and validation of the questionnaire were conducted in five stages, for which two systematic reviews were carried out. The first one, for the identification of weight loss motivation questionnaires applicable to people with overweight or obesity in any age group. The same was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and LILACS databases, in the Portuguese, Spanish or English languages, without restriction regarding the period of publication, using the descriptors questionnaire, scale, instrument, evaluation, motivation, motive, reason, "lose weight ", "losing weight", "weight loss" and slimming. This first systematic review included six studies and contributed to the selection of domains for the questionnaire. The second systematic review was conducted with the objective of identifying the motivations for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and/or obesity. The virtual search was performed in the LILACS, PubMed, ADOLEC and Scopus databases, using the descriptors motivation, motive, reason, "weight loss", "lose weight" and adolescent. Studies published up to 2016 in Portuguese, English or Spanish were considered eligible. This second systematic review included six studies and provided the 17 items for the initial version of the questionnaire. The most frequent motivations in the studies were: to have better health, to improve my appearance, to improve my self-esteem, to avoid provocations/bullying, to be healthier, to have a good physical body, to be accepted by my friends and classmates and to wear clothes "normal size"/ "more elegant". The evaluation of the content validity was attested by a committee of 12 specialists, composed of nutritionists, endocrinologists, psychologists and physical educators. Based on expert evaluations, the content validity index (CVI) was calculated. After the evaluation of the content validity by the 12 specialists, five motivations were excluded because they presented CVI <0.80 for practical relevance. Of the 12 items kept in the questionnaire, five items were reviewed and submitted for evaluation by the specialists, in order to standardize the writing and make the language more appropriate for adolescents, the target audience of the questionnaire. The twelve items held in the instrument were categorized by experts in the areas of health, personal satisfaction, social, and appearance. The instrument elaborated presented adequate content validity attested by the panel of experts.

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. According to last estimates from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), this neoplasm is expected to reach 9610 people in Brazil by the end of 2018, and the largest number of cases is expected to occur in the Northeast region (Ceará, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte). Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for about 70% of TC cases, and considering that the rate of incidence varies in different parts of the world, modifiable risk factors may play an important role in TC carcinogenesis. Moreover, alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) expression may also be part of TC risk factors. In addition, the frequent consumption of certain foods has also been associated with the progression of malignant tumors. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that antioxidant vitamins can inhibit the development and progression of cancer, thus the biochemical status of vitamins A and E have emerged as potential markers of risk for genesis and evolution of the disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the current knowledge on modulation of miRNA expression induced by vitamins A and E in TC, and the association of dietary habits and serum concentrations of vitamins A and E with histopathological prognostic factors of CPT. For this, a systematic review was conducted following the guidelines "The Prism: Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration". Furthermore, weekly eating habits before TC diagnosis were evaluated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) developed by the Elsa-Brazil study. Serum vitamin A and E were measured in three times liquid chromatography: one before thyroidectomy and two after thyroidectomy of PTC patients. The results showed that evidence of changes in miRNA expression induced by vitamins A and E in TC are scarce, however, vitamin A appears to be relevant in the modulation of miRNAs in other tumors. In addition, weekly food intake > 1/week of couscous/farofa and/or margarine/vegetable cream may increase the risk of CPT patients present extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.021 and 0.004 respectively), while beef intake > 1/week may increase risk of extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.040) and lymph node metastases (p = 0.046). Regarding serum concentrations of vitamins A and E, reduced serum vitamin A levels may be associated with angiolymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastases (p = 0.027 and 0.015 respectively), and CPT patients with extrathyroidal extension or angiolymphatic invasion tend to have post-operative vitamin E concentrations lower than the preoperative. We suggest that both food intake and vitamin A status and may be relevant in predicting histopathological outcomes of CPT. Thus, future studies on the modulation of miRNAs induced by vitamin A in TC are necessary.

Introduction: Extract of Allium cepa L. and its isolated compounds are known to have antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Here we investigate the antidiabetic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of treatments with Allium cepa L. extract and S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Methods and results: The groups were divided into: (CG): control group  - non-diabetic animals; STZ: animals with untreated experimental diabetes; STZ-EAC: animals with experimental diabetes treated with Allium cepa L. extract and STZ-SMCS: animals with experimental diabetes treated with S-methylcysteine. Allium cepa L. extract (400mg / kg body weight) and S-methylcysteine (200mg / kg body weight) were administered daily for 30 days. The STZ-EAC and STZ-SMCS groups had lower levels of triglycerides and VLDL, increased SOD and CAT activity, pancreatic islet regeneration and improved glycogen depletion throughout the STZ. Only the STZ-SMCS group showed antidiabetic effect and increased IL-10, compared to STZ and STZ-EAC. Conclusion: Allium cepa L. extract and S-methylcysteine sulfoxide can improve the metabolic profile in DM, attenuating oxidative stress in the liver and the inflammatory response. These results provide a basis for the use of these compounds as nutritional supplements.

Hypovitaminosis D has been a frequent finding in individuals with heart failure (HF), however, studies in regions with high solar incidence are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin D status and its associated factors in individuals with HF residing in a sunny region. This is a cross-sectional study conduced with 70 adult and elderly individuals diagnosed with HF, according to the Boston points system and the Framingham criteria, confirmed by the Doppler echocardiogram. Clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, dietary data, skin phototype, sun exposure and physical activity were evaluated. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method. Subjects were agruped according to 25OHD concentrations in"sufficient" (≥30ng / mL) and "hypovitaminosis D" (<30ng / mL). Comparisons of the variables between the groups were performed using appropriate statistical tests. Correlations between 25OHD concentrations and continuous variables were assessed by the Pearson or Spearman coefficient (r). The relationship between the independent variables and the 25OHD concentration was adjusted accordingly using the generalized linear regression model. The individuals had a mean age of 53 (15) years, predominantly male (64.3%). The mean concentration of 25OHD was 40.1 (12.4) ng / mL, with 24.3% of hypovitaminosis D. A significantly higher frequency of females was observed in the hypovitaminosis D group [Odds Ratio (OR ) = 7.38; p = 0.001]. Participants who presented HF with ischemic etiology had a higher risk for hypovitaminosis D (OR = 3.97, p = 0.03), as well as those with high PTHi (> 67pg / mL) (OR = 3.39, p = 0.034 ). Patients with HF using the drug angiotensin receptor antagonist / angiotensinogen converting enzyme inhibitor or antiplatelet agent had a significantly higher chance of hypovitaminosis D (OR = 11.14, p = 0.015 and OR = 5.81, p = 0.003, respectively). Significant correlations were found between 25OHD and albumin (r = 0.365, p = 0.015), total calcium (r = 0.266, p = 0.026), hemoglobin (r = 0.249, p = 0.037), TGP 0.002) and PTHi (r = -0.255, p = 0.033). Analysis of the regression model adjusted for 25OHD showed that sex is an independent predictor of 25OHD concentrations, with 25OHD concentrations being higher in males compared to females (β = 7.78, p = 0.005). The New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification also proved to be an independent predictor, and NYHA I subjects were found to have concentrations higher than 25OHD when compared to NYHA class III / IV (β = 8.23; p = 0.032). It is concluded that hypovitaminosis D is a moderately frequent finding among individuals with HF residing in a sunny region. Clinical and biochemical aspects demonstrated associations with 25OHD. Sex and functional classification are independent predictors of 25OHD.

Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) presents great functional potential because it presents high levels of carotenoids, oleic acid and phenolic compounds. However, the liposolubility and oxidation of the bioactive compounds limit application as an ingredient in food. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the isolated and conjugated effect of porcine gelatin and sodium alginate on buriti oil encapsulation, and the effect on solubility and antimicrobial potential. The vegetable oil was supplied by Plantus S.A. and was submitted to chemical characterization (profile of fatty acids and phenolic compounds) and evaluation of antimicrobial potential. The encapsulation was performed by the oil/water emulsification technique, using Tween 20 as a surfactant. The encapsulates obtained were characterized by MEV, FTIR, Laser Diffraction, Zeta Potential, XRD, and incorporation efficiency (%). In addition, they were evaluated for solubility and antimicrobial potential compared to crude oil. The fatty acid profile showed predominance of linoleic acid (53.36%) and palmitic acid (25.75%). The phenolic compound that presented the highest concentration was quercetin (20.53 (0.37) μg.g^-1). The characterization study showed that the encapsulates based on gelatin (OGS) presented spherical shape, smooth surface and low agglomeration, compared to that obtained through the combination of encapsulating agents (OAG). The FTIR indicated new chemical interactions present in the encapsulates due to the formation of new vibrational bands, mainly for OGS that presented greater attenuation of the vibrations present in the crude oil. The encapsulation efficiencies obtained for OGS and OAG were, respectively, 86.80% and 71.91% (p <0.05). In relation to water solubility, OGS had a higher percentage [89.83 (2.59)%] than OAG [42.84 (2.21)%] and pure buriti oil [3.91 (0.39 )%]. Therefore, it can be concluded that the encapsulation of buriti oil in gelatin was a promising strategy to increase the potential of buriti oil use in food.

The concern about the environment motivates the interest in avoiding waste in the productive food chain, which is responsible for the generation of considerable amount of waste. Thinking about sustainable production, fruit residues, such as peel and melon seeds, can add nutritional value to new products. The objective of this study was to obtain and characterize a flour from Cantaloupe melon seeds (Cucumis melo L. var. Reticulatus), and to evaluate the viability of its use as an ingredient in the manufacture of cakes. Thus, four different formulations were developed: standard cake - 0% (F1) and cakes plus melon seed flour in substitution of wheat flour, at concentrations of 10% (F2), 30% (F3) and 50% % (F4). Analyzes of centesimal composition were performed; dietary fiber; physical analyzes; mineral composition and evaluation of the fatty acid profile in the melon seed whole flour. To evaluate the overall acceptance of the formulations of the cakes prepared with the melon seed flour, sensorial analysis was carried out with 135 non-trained tasters, which also included the identification of the sample by means of sensorial attributes using the ideal scale test, Just About Right. The results showed that the whole melon seed flour has a considerable nutritional value, presenting 18% of proteins; 3% moisture; 4% ash; 30% lipids and 35% dietary fiber; presenting important levels of minerals, mainly phosphorus (1507.62 mg / 100 g), potassium (957.35 mg / 100 g) and magnesium (504.03 mg / 10 g). The polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction was the most found in melon seed flour, with a predominance of omega 6 (17.95 g / mg sample). The sensorial analysis showed good acceptance for the formulations containing 10 and 30% of whole melon seed flour, being the formulation containing 10%, the most accepted. In general, the testers considered the formulations as ideal to the attributes used in Just About Right, preferring the F2 formulation. The research confirmed the feasibility of the use of melon seed flour in food production, emphasizing the incentive to sustainable practices, promoting economic, social and health benefits.

The Restaurant Popular Program aims to offer appropriate meals concerning nutritional and hygienic-sanitary conditions with lower prices for population groups that live in an unsafety food situation. Food handlers have such an important role through meals production because they can be a vector of food poisoning. That is why it is essential to investigate aspects related to food handlers’ formation and their hygienic practices. This study reached to evaluate knowledge, self-reported and observed practices of food handlers concerning food safety at Restaurant Popular in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. We applied a questionnaire sheet with all food handlers from 10 selected unities from different towns, which sums 70 food handlers. This questionnaire registered levels food handlers knowledge and self-reported practices. Food safety practices were registered by the researchers themselves through a checklist. Besides, we evaluated hygienic-sanitary conditions of facilities we visited. Food handlers knowledge about food safety reached a percentage of 72.64%. Self-reported practices presented a mean of 80.71%. It was observed that food handlers knowledge presented significant positive correlation (p <0.05) with the self-reported practices. However, there was no correlation among their practices and other variants. There was no association between socio-demographic data and knowledge and self-reported practices variables. Average overall of hygienic-sanitary conditions reached 68,08% and this amount classifies those unities as regular. The hygienic-sanitary conditions no correlated positively with the food handlers knowledge and practices self-reported. The inappropriate conditions we noticed at those unities related, specially, to facilities and documentation and registers, and these aspects are not under food handlers’ responsibilities. They should be under responsibility of technical manager at each unity. Results suggest an importance to elucidate issues that influence food handlers’ behavior as a guarantee of a safe meal production e and the need to sensitize unit managers to comply with good practices.

The lateral amyotrophic sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the motor neuron degeneration, muscle paralysis and death. Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Copper is a mineral capable of influencing cellular oxidation and lipid profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of copper status with lipid profile and functional status in patients with ALS. A cross-sectional study was carried out including 27 patients with ALS (case group) and 26 healthy individuals (control group). Copper status was evaluated by habitual dietary copper intake, plasma copper and serum ceruloplasmin concentrations. The lipid profile included analysis of serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides (TGL). The functional status of patients with ALS was assessed by the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R). Student's t-test and Mann Whitney's test were used for comparison of means. Correlation between plasma copper and biochemical and dietary markers was made by Spearman's correlation test. The effect of the independent variables on the functional scale was estimated by model based on Poisson distribution. The level of significance adopted was 5%. The case group had lower concentrations of plasma copper compared with the control group (133.9 vs. 164.1 µg/dL, p=0.0001). Also, in the case group, plasma copper was positively correlated with HDL-c (rs=0.398, p=0.044). However, in the control group, plasma copper was positively correlated with serum ceruloplasmin (rs=0.646, p<0.001), TC (rs=0.446, p=0.025), LDL-c (rs=0.445, p=0.029) and HDL-c (rs=0.479, p=0.015). Only in the control group ceruloplasmin was positively correlated with LDL-c (rs=0.407, p=0.043). In the case group, dietary copper intake (B=-0.373, p<0.001), plasma copper (B=-0.005, p=0.033) and TC (B=-0.312; p=0.001) were inversely associated with the functional status of patients with ALS. In contrast, serum ceruloplasmin (B=0.016, p=0.044), LDL-c (B=0.314, p=0.001), HDL-c (B=0.308, p=0.001) and TGL (B=0.062; p=0.001) were positively associated with their functional status. In conclusion, this study suggests a disturbance of copper status and its connection with the lipid profile in patients with ALS. Furthermore, copper status and lipid profile may influence the functional status of patients with ALS, standing out as potential biomarkers to evaluate the severity of the disease.

It has been shown that nitrate supplementation may reduce blood pressure in several populations. However, the effect of beetroot juice on post-exercise blood pressure response has not been studied. The objective of this study is to verify the effect of dietary nitrate supplementation, in the form of beetroot juice, on post-exercise blood pressure response in obese individuals. In a randomized, cross-over trial, 14 normotensive and obese men participated in this study and were randomly assigned to three experimental sessions: 1) beetroot juice with exercise (BJE, 200ml with ≈ 800mg nitrate), 2) fruit soda industrialized with exercise (FSE, 200ml of low-nitrate beverage), considered control with exercise and 3) control without exercise (CON, 200ml of drink with insignificant nitrate content). The exercise performed was of the moderate aerobic type, with intensity of 50% of the reserve heart rate and, lasting 40 minutes. The concentration of nitrites and total plasma nitrates (NOx) was evaluated at three moments of the experimental session: 60 minutes (60min), 105 minutes (105min) and 165 minutes (165min) after drinking. And 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (24h) was also evaluated through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). For statistical analysis of the data, we used repeated measurements ANOVA and two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements (condition vs. time) for comparisons of variables between the experimental sessions. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. The results show that the plasma NOx concentration increased significantly only in the BJE session at all times from 60min after the intake of beetroot juice, compared to FSE and CON. Ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased ~ 5.3 mmHg (p <0.05) during the first six hours post-exercise, resulting in a reduction of SBP by ~ 3 mmHg (p <0.05), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at ~ 2 mmHg (p <0.05) in the 24-hour period after the BJE session compared to FSE and CON sessions. In conclusion, beetroot juice potentiated ambulatory hypotension after exercise (PEH) in obese and normotensive men.

Eating habits in adolescence are characterized by high consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods and it may result in micronutrient deficiency and the early occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods and the relationships between the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 444 adolescents from public schools in the city of Natal, Northeast of Brazil. We investigated the variables family history of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, maternal schooling, anthropometric nutritional status, sexual maturation, blood pressure and lipid profile. Dietary and food intake data were obtained by two 24-hour recalls. The foods consumed were classified according to the type of processing in processed and ultra-processed. The prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy was estimated using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) as the cut-off point, except for the iron in which the manually determined probabilistic approach was used. An ordinal logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between the energy percentage of processed and ultra-processed foods and the prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy and cardiometabolic risk factors. It was observed that 91.9% of adolescents were in the age group between 10 and 13 years. The consumption of processed foods was 10.4 (1.2)% from total energy in 25th-50th percentiles, as well as the consumption of ultra-processed food was 31.5 (2.2)% from total energy also in 25th-50th percentiles. The most consumed food groups were "bread roll" (7.7% of total energy) and "processed meat" (4.8% of total energy) in the processed food group and "cakes, pies and biscuits" (13.3% of total energy) and "sliced loaf" (5% of total energy), in the ultra-processed food group. There was a high prevalence of inadequate consumption of vitamins D, folate, vitamin E, calcium and selenium, in both sexes, in the age groups of 10 to 13 years and of 14 to 19 years. The higher consumption of processed foods was positively associated with the increase in the prevalence of inadequate vitamin B1 (p = 0.04, RP 0.55) and selenium (p <0.01, PR = 1.97). Higher proportions of energy from ultra-processed foods were associated with inadequate vitamin B1 (p = 0.03, PR = 0.49) and zinc (p <0.01, PR = 0.49). The higher consumption of processed food was associated with hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.04, RP = 3.08) and hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.02, PR = 3.79), as well as adolescents whose mothers had elementary schooling level (p <0.01, RP = 1.72). Excessive consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods by adolescents may reflect on an increase in the prevalence of inadequate nutrients, especially vitamin B1, selenium and zinc, as well as being associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, implying damage to health conditions in the short and long term.

The flying fish is one of the resources of economic and social importance available to countries such as the Philippines, Indonesia, Peru, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago and Brazil, but the processes related to their loss of freshness unknown. A tool to evaluate the sensory properties of fish freshness, considering specific aspects for each species, is the Quality Index Method (QIM), which provides demerit scores for the attributes of the fish as a function of the deterioration stage. The objective of this study was to develop the QIM to evaluate the freshness of the fish (Hirundichthys affinis, Günther, Günther, 1866), correlating with physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes throughout the storage period. For this purpose candidates were recruited and selected sensory judges by the Farnsworth Munsell Aroma Test and Test of 100 shades. The development of the QIM was done by means of 3 storage tests and were used flying fish specimens captured in Caiçara do Norte, RN, Brazil. Microbiological analyzes (Coliform counts at 45ºC/g, Salmonella sp/25g analysis, Coagulase positive Staphylococcus and total counts of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic plaques) and physicochemical analyzes were performed (pH measurement and determination of Total Volatile Bases and Trimethylamine). Then, a QIM scheme was developed with 11 parameters, grouped into 3 main attributes (appearance, eyes and gills) and a Quality Index that presented high linear correlation (r = 0.956) with storage time indicating loss of freshness during the days. The total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria showed a significant increase (p = 0.009), ranging from 3.20 log CFU/g (1^st day) to 5.61 log CFU/g (19^th day of storage). The total count of mesophilic and psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria showed a strong and significant correlation with storage time (r = 0.705, p < 0.001 and r = 0.934 p <0.001, respectively), ranging from 3.20 log CFU/g (1^st day) 5.61 log UFC / g (19^th day storage) and 2.0 log UFC/g (1^st day) at 8.18 log UFC/g (19^th day storage), respectively. Salmonella was not detected. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus (4.0x10² CFU/g) and coliforms at 45ºC (3.6 NMP/g) were found in a 9th day storage sample. An average pH with a linear and continuous increase (p < 0.001), ranging from 6.23 (1^st day) to 6.88 (19^th day). As averages of TVB-N and TMA-N ranged respectively from 25.19 (1^st day) to 39.42 mg TVB-N/100 g (19^th day) and 6.58 (1^st day) to 12.17 mg (p <0.001 and p < 0.001) with a strong and significant linear correlation (r = 0.923, p < 0.001 and r = 0.747, p < 0.001) with storage time. As averages of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) ranged from 0.08 (1^st day) to 2.52 MA / Kg (22^nd day). The Principal Component Analysis suggests that the flying fish remain with an acceptable degree of freshness for up to 9 days, considering the analyzes and ice storage conditions used in this study.

Trypsin inhibitors are studied in a variety of models for their anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory bioactive properties. Our group has previously demonstrated the satietogenic effect of tamarind seed trypsin inhibitors (TTI) in eutrophic mouse models and anti-inflammatory effects of other trypsin inhibitors. In this study, we evaluated TTI effect upon satiety, biochemical and inflammatory parameters in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Three groups of n=5 male Wistar rats with obesity-based MetS received for 10 days one of the following: 1) Cafeteria diet; 2) Cafeteria diet + TTI (25 mg/Kg); 3) Standard diet. TTI reduced food intake in animals with MetS. Nevertheless, weight gain was not different between studied groups. Dyslipidemia parameters were not different with the use of TTI, only the group receiving standard diet showed lower VLDL and TG (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.05). IL-6 production did not differ between groups. Interestingly, TNF-α was lower in animals receiving TTI. Our results corroborate the satietogenic effect of TTI in a MetS model. Furthermore, we show that TTI used with a cafeteria diet may decrease inflammation regardless of weight loss. This puts TTI as a candidate for studies to test its effectiveness as an adjuvant in MetS treatment.  

Cancer is a group of several diseases that have in common an uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells, and it can occur at anywhere in the body. The most frequent tumors in childhood and adolescence are the leukemias, and the Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent. The evidenced malnutrition in these patients is related to anorexia-cachexia syndrome triggered by the disease, but also on changes in appetite, which occur during chemotherapy and interfere in the nutritional status as well as in response to antineoplasic therapy. Although it recognized a possible influence of hormones related to appetite on the changes in food consumption of ALL patients during chemotherapy, few studies have investigated the hormonal changes in patients with childhood cancers. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and levels of key hormones related to appetite in children and adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in the induction phase of chemotherapy. For this purpose, it was assessed 14 children/adolescents diagnosed with LLA during the 28 days of induction chemotherapy cycle. At baseline (prior to initiation of chemotherapy), in the middle and at the end of this cycle were performed anthropometric measurement, weighted food record 24 hours and biochemical and hormone levels were obtained. It were evaluated the following hormones related to appetite: leptin, ghrelin, insulin and cortisol. Most patients had normal weight at the beginning of treatment which did not change significantly during the induction cycle. The dietary intake increased over the cycle, particularly in relation to proteins and lipids intake from the beginning to the end of treatment. Platelet levels and transaminase glutamic pyruvic significantly increased, and a significant reduction in blood glucose, creatinine and sodium levels were observed. Regarding appetite hormones, ghrelin significantly increased between the baseline and the half of the cycle (p = 0.027), but not through the end. In conclusion, the LLA treatment induction period caused an increase in energy and nutrients intake, as well as an increase in the concentration of ghrelin, but no impact on the anthropometric status of patients or in other hormones related to appetite.

The faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius) has oilseeds that can be used for obtaining vegetable oil. One way of obtaining oil is by cold pressing, in which to get the oil and the by-product, herein named press cake. The seed and its derivatives have potential for use in human food and to present bioactive activities, therefore, this work focuses on the physicochemical evaluation of faveleira oil, as well as it investigates the bioactive properties of faveleira seeds, faveleira oil and the press cake obtained during the oilseed processing. The seeds were cold pressed and the following tests were performed: physicochemical characteristics (acidity, peroxide values, moisture and volatile matter, density and  viscosity) e fatty acid profile of faveleira oil; total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of faveleira seed and press cake; antibacterial activity of seed, oil and press cake; and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide radical scavenging assay e oxygen radical absorbance capacity) of seed, oil and press cake. Acidity (0,78 ± 0,03% oleic acid), peroxide values (1,13 ± 0,12 mEq/1000g) and moisture (0,25 ± 0,03%) are low; and density (0,9136 ± 0,00 g/cm³) and viscosity (0,0546 ± 0,16 Pa.s) are close to what was observed for others edible oil. Unsaturated fatty acids are predominant in faveleira oil (72,42%). The most abundant fatty acid found was linoleic acid (53.56%), followed by oleic acid (17.78%). The seed and press cake has high amount of total phenolic content (324,92±6,69 mg EAG/100 g e 398,89±6,34 mg EAG/100 g, respectively), including flavonoid content (18,70±1,23 mg RE/g e 29,81±0,71 mg RE/g, respectively). The press cake has higher amounts of bioactive compounds than seed. No bacterial growth inhibition was detected, but all samples including faveleira seeds, press cake, oil and its fractions have potent antioxidant activities, mainly the press cake. Our results also show that faveleira oil has potential to be used as edible oil and the press cake should be used to contain the most antioxidants from seed.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifactorial disease whose pathophysiological alterations that might compromise zinc status. The aim of this study was to evaluate zinc status biomarkers and their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with MS. This is a study case-control, developed with 88 adults and elderly with SM, according to the NCEP / ATP-III, and 37 individuals without MS or other clinical condition with influence on zinc status. Clinical and anthropometric assessments were performed and lipid, glycemic, and inflammatory profiles were also obtained. It was evaluated zinc intake, plasma zinc, erythrocyte zinc, and urinary zinc excretion levels. Differences between groups were evaluated by regression models, considering adjustment covariates. Correlations were identified by Pearson coefficient (r). The significance level was 5%. The average age of participants was 50 (11) years and 44 (11) years for the group of patients with MS and controls, respectively, with female predominance in both groups. The average energy intake was significantly higher in patients with MS (p = 0.003) and dietary intake in both groups was characterized as high percentage of protein intake, and a proper percentage of carbohydrate and fat intake. Zinc intake average was significantly lower in MS group compared with control group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in plasma zinc levels (p > 0.05). It was found significantly higher erythrocyte zinc levels in the MS group (p < 0.001) independent from co-variable adjustments. Urinary zinc excretion level was significantly higher in the MS group (p = 0.008), and adjustments for age and sex explained 21% of the difference, (R² = 0.21, p < 0.001). SM group were found significant associations between zincuria and fasting blood glucose level (r = 0.479), waist circumference (r = 0.253), triglyceride levels (r = 0.360), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (r = 0.250), homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.223) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels  (hs-PCR) (r = 0.427) (all p < 0.05). We confirmed the impairments in zinc status in MS group, characterized by increasing the erythrocytes zinc and higher zincuria, despite the inadequacies of zinc intake. Alterations in cardiometabolic risk factors influence zincuria in patients with MS.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)  is the leading cause of death worldwide, that can be triggered by alterations in the serum profile of fatty acids, by patterns of gene expression, changes in dietary intake, and alteration anthropometric. The early diagnosis of this pathophysiology is a challenge in translational medicine, since the methods used are expensive and / or invasive. Purpose: To identify biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases through the relationship of biomolecules (fatty acids and ECDHC3) and nutritional status (anthropometry, food consumption and dietary intake) with extensions of coronary lesion. Material and methods: The study was observational, with the sample collected for convenience in two casuistry in the Hemodynamics sector of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL), 59 patients (n1, 2011-2013) and the second included 41 individuals ( N2, 2014-2015), both aged 30-74 years and who were undergoing coronary angiography for the first time. The extent of atherosclerotic lesions was determined by Friesinger index, the biochemical profile by semi-automated spectrometry; the concentration of fatty acids by gas chromatography; gene expression of ECHDC3 mRNA by real-time PCR; food consumption and dietary intake for two 24-hour dietary intake recalls and anthropometric parameters by the electric bioimpedance, measuring tape and stadiometer scale. Results: Patients were classified into groups: no lesion (n1 = 18 / n2 = 8), low lesions (n1 = 17 / n2 = 6), intermediate lesions (n1 = 17 / n2 = 15) and major lesion (n1= 7 / n2 = 12). In n1 was observed high serum concentrations of oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids in patients with low lesions and intermediate when compared to patients without lesions (p <0.05). ECHDC3 expression was 1.2 fold-higher in patients with low lesions than in patients without lesions (p = 0.023), and 1.8 fold- lower in patients with major lesions than in patients without lesions (p = 0.020). In the second casuistry, the expression of ECHDC3 was 1.93 fold-higher in patients with intermediate lesions than in low lesions (p = 0.011) and 1.91 fold-higher in patients with severe lesions than in low lesions (p = 0.013). Spearman's analysis showed a positive correlation between Friesinger's index and ECHDC3 expression (r = 0.327, p = 0.037), but negative with zinc intake (r = -0.317, p = 0.044). The expression of ECHDC3 was positively correlated with the percentage of visceral fat (r = 0.416, p = 0.009) and the percentage was positively correlated with the protein (r = 0.392, p = 0.015). Protein intake had a strong correlation with zinc intake (r = 0.807, p <0.001). Conclusions: It was verified that oleic acid serum level, ECHDC3 expression, percentage of visceral fat, protein consumption may be involved with the progression of CVD, while lower zinc intake could influence the extent of coronary lesion.

Astaxanthin is found naturally in shrimp residues and can be extracted in varying ways. The extraction with vegetable oil contributes to stability from this carotenoid, retarding its oxidation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and physical-chemical characteristics and the antioxidant capacity of the pigmented oils obtained from the extraction of astaxanthin from the shrimp waste (litopenaeus vannamei). The obtained pigmented oils of the shrimp waste (OW) and of the shrimp waste flour (OF) were evaluated for astaxanthin content, physical and physico-chemical characteristics and antioxidant capacity. The samples of OW and OF showed an astaxanthin content of 70.9 and 264.7 μg / g, respectively, where the decrease in moisture was responsible for this increase of 3.7 times. Likewise, its antioxidant power is directly associated with the astaxanthin content, however, some physical and physico-chemical characteristics of OF presented changes. Therefore, the pigmented oils from shrimp waste present a significant potential for the use in food as a natural antioxidant due to its antioxidant power, as well as the low price to obtain it.