Study of directional solidification of Zn-8wt.%Al-xCu alloys
solidification; Zn-Al-Cu alloys; thermal parameters; microstructure; hardness.
Zinc is one of the most non-ferrous metals produced after aluminum and copper, being the most used in functional and decorative applications. The main advance in the foundry industry for zinc-based alloys in recent years has been in the development of new zinc-aluminum alloys. However, Zn-Al alloys have a low lubrication level, low ductility at room temperature and reduced mechanical strength at high temperature. In this sense, this work aims to study the effects of copper (Cu) additions on the microstructure, on the thermal parameters such as growth rate (VL) and cooling rate (ṪL), and on the hardness of the hypereutectic Zn-8wt.% Al alloy. Techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electronics (SEM) were used to characterize the as-cast samples. The results showed that Zn-Al-Cu alloys are formed by an eutectic matrix [(Zn)+(Al+Zn)] with lamellar and fibrous morphology also containing τ'-Al4Cu3Zn intermetallic particles and Al-rich pro-eutectic dendrites (Al'), with alternating lamellae of Al and Zn, from the eutectoid transformation [(Al')↔(Al)+ (Zn)]. Note that Cu additions did not promote morphological changes in the eutectic, being dispersed both in the eutectic regions in solid solution and in the τ’-Al4Cu3Zn intermetallics. However, the addition of 1.3wt.%Cu slightly refined the secondary dendritic arm spacings (λ2). It was observed that Cu additions increased the hardness of the Zn-8wt.% Al alloy, due to strengthening mechanisms solution-solid and τ’-Al4Cu3Zn intermetallic particles.