Unveiling the diversity of the Ouratea plant genus (Ochnaceae) in the Brazilian Dry Diagonal
conservation, Malpighiales, nomenclature, taxonomy.
The Cerrado savannas and the Caatinga dry forests are Neotropical biomes of exceptional biodiversity, but they face synergistic threats from climate change and anthropogenic pressure, concerning projections of habitat loss. Therefore, studying the biodiversity of these biomes is of fundamental importance. This thesis contributes to this effort by focusing on the genus Ouratea (Ochnaceae), a diverse group of woody plants ranging from small shrubs to large trees (approximately 300 spp.), which is ecologically important and exhibits high endemism in Brazil (of 124 spp., 80 are endemic). Some Ouratea species are also known for their great nutritional importance in some cultural groups and for their medicinal value, attributed both to traditional knowledge and pharmaceutical research. Despite its socioeconomic relevance and extensive representation in herbaria (approximately 21,000 specimens), the high number of species and the existence of numerous species complexes may explain the persistence of a large number of unidentified specimens—approximately 6,200. Furthermore, there are inconsistencies between molecular phylogenies and traditional classification. Given this context, the need for extensive revision of the materials deposited in scientific collections, classical taxonomic studies, supported by a thorough and in-depth investigation of morphological characters of diagnostic value, is emphasized. This study seeks to carry out a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus in the Dry Diagonal of Brazil (Cerrado and Caatinga), as well as to propose an infrageneric classification for the group. The methodology will integrate bibliographic research and detailed morphological analysis of collections from national and international herbaria, focusing on reproductive and vegetative diagnostic characters, complemented by biogeographical data. The expected final results include the history and taxonomic treatment, with the geographic distribution and conservation status of the genus Ouratea in the Dry Diagonal of Brazil, containing identification keys and illustrations; taxonomic novelties; a nomenclatural synopsis; a proposed infrageneric classification; updates to the collections in the main herbaria of the country; and an online monograph for the Flora and Funga of Brazil project.