MORPHOECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HOLOTURIANS: ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE, ONTOGENY AND HABITAT SELECTION
Sea cucumber; Morphometrics; Taxonomy; Ontogeny; Intraspecific variation.
Sea cucumbers belong to the Holothuroidea class, which has approximately 1,690 species distributed in 7 distinct orders and present cryptic characteristics. An integrative approach including the various components of the ecosystem is essential to understand the factors that affect the diversification of sea cucumber populations, and it is necessary to investigate how environmental factors influence the morphology of these animals. To this end, the effect of environmental variables on the morphological structures and calcareous ossicles of sea cucumbers was evaluated; the ontogenetic variation of the species Stolus cognatus (Lampert, 1885) was described; and the habitat preference of specimens in the post-larval stage was observed. The study was carried out in four areas along the east coast of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. Sampling was done through five 5-meter transects and a multiparameter probe to collect environmental variables. The systematic study will be carried out based on morphological analysis and calcareous ossicles. An ANOVA will be performed to detect differences between the morphology of the species of each population, an RDA to detect the correlation between the morphological and environmental variables; Spearman regressions between the size of the ossicles and the total length of the individuals and finally, to evaluate the association between the occurrence of holothurians and the types of substrate available (macroalgae, sand and rock), a contingency analysis was performed using the chi-square test (χ²).