Development of a mathematical model for the longitudinal and vertical dynamics of a 4x4 Baja SAE vehicle
vehicle dynamics, CVT, mathematical modelling, simulation, traction, Baja SAE vehicle.
This study presents the development of a mathematical model for analysing the longitudinal and vertical dynamics of a four-wheel drive Baja vehicle, using a prototype from the Car-Kará team at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte as a case study. The longitudinal dynamics model was developed based on experimental data and literature information, taking into account the behaviour of the engine, the continuously variable transmission, the constant ratio reducer, and the tyres, including the effect of contact with the ground, as well as considering the resistive forces in their respective systems. Implementation was carried out using a mathematical software package that allowed the vehicle's performance to be simulated under controlled conditions: on a flat, straight, paved track, in order to reproduce the experimental tests conducted with the prototype. The simulation results showed discrepancies of 8.8% in maximum speed, 15.2% in time to cover 100 m, and 18.4% in average acceleration, compared with the experimental data, indicating the adjustment of the current model to simulate the vehicle's behaviour in the established boundary conditions. This study provides a tool that balances simplicity and precision in representing the vehicle system, remaining accessible to engineering teams in Baja competitions and contributing to a better understanding of the performance of vehicles with similar mechanical designs.