DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ANALYSIS AGAINST RURAL WOMEN AND SLEEP QUALITY: OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
violence; gender; rural; woman; sleep
Violence is a known phenomenon worldwide and significantly impacts interpersonal and intergroup relations. Socially it has subjective, systematic and triggering value of social conditions and, therefore, needs to be widely understood, since it has the most varied biopsychosocial impacts. The investigation of domestic violence, more specifically in the rural context, is of scientific and social importance, considering the existence of few studies on gender relations experienced by rural women in Brazil. Women who are victims of domestic violence are at risk for psychiatric morbidity, which is associated with sleep disorders. In this sense, this study aims to investigate and analyze the frequency of domestic violence against female women and their quality of sleep. This is an exploratory, observational and descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The study was carried out in two cooperatives of horteiras women, located in the Paraíso neighborhood of Santa Cruz, interior of Rio Grande do Norte. For data collection, a sociodemographic characterization form of the participants was used, and then the validated measurement instruments were applied in Brazil to screen domestic violence and to evaluate sleep quality: the HITS-Brazil instrument, the Quality Index Pittsburgh Sleep Scale and the Epworth Sleep Scale. For analysis of quantitative data, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used. Descriptive analysis and frequency distribution of all categorical and numerical variables were performed. The normality of the distribution was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test, for the descriptive analysis the nonparametric Spearman correlation coefficient test was used. A significance level of 5% (p <0.05) was adopted. The age range of the interviewees comprises ages ranging from 25 to 59 years, the sample constituted 38.1% married women and 61.9% other marital status. The religion with the largest adherents was Catholic 71.4%, followed by Protestant (23,8%). The prevalent level of education was elementary school 66.6%, thus conferring low formal education to this sample. 61.9% of women declared to have income less than 1 minimum wage. 95.2% reported being in a relationship for over 1 year. 100% of the women interviewed live in the Urban Zone. 95.2% have been working in the gardens for over 1 year. With the application of the HITS Instrument, we identified that 90.5% of the interviewees do not have any indication of experience of domestic violence. When analyzing daytime sleepiness 85.6% had no sleepiness, while 14.4% had excessive daytime sleepiness. With the results of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index it was found in this sample that 42.8% rated the quality of their sleep last month as good, 42.8% rated as poor, while 14.4% scored that identifies presence of sleep disorder during the last month. During data analysis, a correlation was found between the HITS and Epworth variables (rho = 0.547 and p-value = 0.01, Spearman's test). A moderate positive correlation was found between HITS and Epworth values in the study. In a positive sense, that is, more frequent experience of episodes of violence is associated with greater daytime sleepiness. The HITS, PSQI and Epworth measuring instruments were not associated with age, number of days worked in the garden and number of hours worked (p-value> 0.05).