Profile of functioning and disability of children with microcephaly associated with congenital Zika virus in Brazil
Keywords: ICF; Public Health, Zika virus, Microcephaly. Child.
Introduction: The increase number of cases of microcephaly in Brazil and its association with the Zika virus (ZIKV) constitutes a public health problem of international concern. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) guides comprehensive assessments incorporating the important role of contextual factors. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the functioning of children with microcephaly caused by ZIKV in states of the Northeast in Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Demographics characteristics, head circumference and other data were collected from clinical charts, physical examinations, tests, and interviews with children and their parents. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the brief ICF core set for cerebral palsy (CP) was used. Each ICF category received a qualifier, which ranged from 0 to 4 (no problem, slight problem, moderate problem, serious problem, complete problem). For environmental factors, 0 represents no barrier and -4, a total barrier; +0, no facilitator and +4, a complete facilitator. Evaluators in each setting were trained on how to use the brief ICF core set categories for CP in 20- hour courses. Results: Thirty-four children with microcephaly caused by ZIKV (18 girls and 16 boys) were enrolled in four rehabilitation services in Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba, Brazil. The mean age of participants was 21 months, head circumference Z scores ranged from 0.92 to -5.51. The profile of functioning revealed complete problem in the majority of the body functions categories. Areas of activities and participation were highly impacted, in particular those covered by mobility related categories. Immediate family support was the main facilitator influencing functioning in this population. Regarding environmental factors, the majority of the sample reported complete facilitator for immediate family, friends and for health services, systems and policies. Conclusion: This is the first study describing the profile of functioning of congenital ZIKV using an ICF-based tool in Brazil. Our findings reinforce the need to maximize health care and access to information - based on the ICF- for the multi professional teams, administrators, family members and children. Service provision for children with ZIKV-related microcephaly should be family-centered, considering modifiable contextual factors and highlighting functional goals. to ensure optimal levels of participation in household, school and community-based activities in our region.