SCIENTIFIC ILLUSTRATIONS AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE NATURAL WORLD IN THE 18th CENTURY
Scientific illustrations. System of classification of living things. Cultural history of science. Nature of science.
We seek to carry out a historiographical study of scientific illustrations, exploring its historical and socio-cultural context of production and its role in 18th century Natural History, especially in the period of the “Philosophical Journey” led by the Brazilian Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira, as well as presenting a description of the characteristic elements of this type of visual representation of the nature of the signaled period. We see that there is a gap, mainly in Brazil, about this type of investigation, which considers scientific sources as historical sources of research and proposes an articulation between this type of image and science teaching, in the interface with the history of science and the nature of science through “themes” and “issues”. Thus, the general object of this study was to investigate the importance and the meaning of the use of scientific sources in the process of classification of the natural world in the Enlightenment period, based on the knowledge of this historical process and its meanings for the teaching of natural sciences. We argue that a scientific illustration is configured in a specific type of visual representation of nature, which was essential to identify the structures and distinctive characteristics of the specimens and to disseminate the taxonomic knowledge of plants and animals in the 18th century. It is, therefore, a work of bibliographical nature, qualitative, multidisciplinary and based on the literature of modern historiography of science, in the field of the Cultural History of Science.