World reading and construction of meanings: the formation of the reading competence by means of multimodal texts and genres
Reading; reading competence; multimodality; reading strategies.
The absence or scarcity of activities aimed at placing students as the protagonists of their learning, as suggested by legal documents such as the 1997 National Curricular Parameters (PCNs) and the 2018 National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), has sparked our interest in multimodal texts and genres, specifically advertising announcements and propaganda. These can stimulate the development of the reading competence among the ninth-grade Middle School students at Elza Bezerril Ribeira Municipal School in Piquiri, located in the rural area of Canguaretama, Rio Grande do Norte. Thus, seeking cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies to mitigate the impacts caused by low interest in reading activities is necessary. In this context, the integration of multimodal languages emerges as one of the numerous possibilities for redefining Portuguese language classes and, consequently, promoting the incorporation of reading and writing initiatives. We will discuss how to develop reading activities that promote autonomy and critical thinking in the classroom. To achieve this goal, we will explore the concept of reading competence proposed in the BNCC (2018), as well as reading strategies proposed by authors such as Koch and Elias (2010), Kleiman (2022), Solé (1998), Koch (2002), and Kato (1998). Regarding discursive genres, we will draw upon the works of Bakhtin (1997) and Bronckart (1999), considering language from discursive and enunciative perspectives rather than focusing solely on its formal specifics. Moreover, in the context of textual genres, we will analyze the contributions of Kress (1989, 2003) and Marcuschi (2007). In terms of multimodality, we will investigate the studies proposed by Dionísio (2005), Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), Kleiman (2010), Rojo (2013), among others that will form the theoretical foundation of this research, aligning with the official documents: PCN and BNCC. This research aims to understand how the multimodality present in advertising announcements and propaganda genres can contribute to the development of critical and reading competences among the ninth-graders from the school on which we focused our study.