(RE)PENSANDO O ENSINO DE GRAMÁTICA EM TRÊS EIXOS: O USO DO SUJEITO ANAFÓRICO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA REFERENCIAÇÃO
Anaphoric Subject; Variationist Sociolinguistics; Didactic Sequence; Grammar teaching.
Analyzing productions of Elementary School’s students, we observed, among other problems, the difficulties of students to understand the subject grammatical category as well as its usefulness in the construction of referential cohesion - specifically, the anaphoric subject. Considering this finding, we propose and apply in this work a Didactic Sequence (SD) on the use of the anaphoric subject in a group of the 9th grade of the Elementary School of the Escola Estadual Fabrício Maranhão, belonging to the public teaching system, located in Canguaretama / RN. As a theoretical basis, we base ourselves on theoretical assumptions and methodology systematized in recent studies on grammar teaching (COELHO, GÖRSK, 2009, VIEIRA, 2007, 2016, MARTINS, 2013, MARTINS, VIEIRA and TAVARES, 2014). We applied an SD that, first, proposed to the students to recount, with their words, the short story Natal na barca by Lygia Fagundes Telles. This first production served us to make a survey of the uses of the anaphoric subject made by them. We have found that, in many cases, ambiguous anaphoric subjects with no recoverable referent are used on the textual surface, or even with attribution of actions to the wrong referent, creating situations that do not exist in the original text. Following that, we use the students' own productions to work with them the uses of the anaphoric subject, which subsidized information necessary to reflect on the object of study in question, and, based on the linguistic literature, we reflect scientifically on the language. In the last classroom intervention, the students were instructed to produce a final text. With these latter productions, we could perceive an attention that did not previously exist in relation to the uses of the anaphoric subject, and some students, who initially produced texts that were practically incomprehensible, demonstrated a more diversified use of this grammatical category, constructing reference chains in a more efficient way.