Flow Cytometry. Immunophenotyping. Lymphoproliferative disorders.
Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders (CLPD) constitute a group of lymphatic neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of mature neoplastic lymphocytes. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCIP) is a routine practice in the differential diagnosis of these tumors, contributing to greater accuracy. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the immunophenotypic diagnostic profiles of patients with CLPD in Rio Grande do Norte (RN); demonstrate the applicability of a specific panel for the diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma patients; determine the monoclonality of CLPD-B; and implement a database for clinical research. Patients (n = 927) with CLPD were investigated using FCIP. Additionally, other patient information such as age, gender, and hematological data were collected. The results showed that 85.7% of the cases were CLPD-B and 14.2% were CLPD-T/NK. The distribution of CLPD-B cases was as follows: 487 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; 18 B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia; 25 Hairy Cell Leukemia; 6 Follicular Lymphoma; 4 Splenic Lymphoma with Villous Lymphocytes; 33 Mantle Cell Lymphoma; 4 Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia; 69 Multiple Myeloma; 14 Plasma Cell Leukemia; 11 Burkitt Lymphoma; and 117 Leukemic Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. The classification of CLPD-T/NK was as follows: 12 Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia; 14 T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia; 18 Adult T-Cell Leukemia; 20 Sézary Syndrome; and 24 Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma. The data demonstrate that immunophenotyping is a reliable and safe technique for the diagnostic clarification of patients with CLPD. Monoclonality was successfully detected in CLPD-B cases. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma benefits from the application of the specific panel.