POSTURAL BALANCE IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER
Autistic disorder, vestibular diseases, postural balance, sensory disorder
Introduction: Postural balance is ensured by the interaction between three sensory systems: visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular. Changes in sensory demands are cited since the first descriptions of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), with difficulties in processing, modulation, and sensory integration. The literature shows that there is a performance decrease of children with ASD when compared to children of typical development. Objective: 1). Identify state of the art of scientific production on postural balance in children with ASD; 2). Search for relationship between characteristics associated with ASD and postural balance difficulties of these children. Method: In study 1, a literature review, a search was carried out in databases and in the references of selected articles, with the descriptors "postural balance", "vestibular diseases", "postural equilibrium" and "autism". Study 2 is a cross-sectional analytical descriptive study, with a convenience sample, consisting of 12 children with ASD, assessed by the Pediatric Balance Scale and the Sensory Organization Test. These children's medical records were also analyzed to verify existence of characteristics of behavior, interaction and language associated with ASD. Results: In study 1, 62 articles were found based on the eligibility criteria. The peak of publications related to the topic occurred during years 2015 and 2016, and the first publication found occurred in 1974. Additionally, most studies were published in the USA, in English, with a quantitative approach, and cross-section design. As for study 2, the children presented similar responses among themselves and within the expected for their age groups. Conclusions: In study 1, it was observed that body balance and postural control in children with ASD are on the rise in scientific publications. Regarding study 2, no relationship was found between children who had characteristics associated with ASD and performance on the Pediatric Balance Scale.