A Framework for Multidimensional Assessment of Public Health Interventions
time series analysis, public health intervention, public health.
Promoting awareness, increasing knowledge, and encouraging the adoption of healthy attitudes and behaviors are some of the objectives of public health interventions. However, to analyze the scope of an intervention, it is necessary to go beyond the epidemiological data since this set, by itself, may not demonstrate the absolute magnitude of the results. It is necessary to discuss other data sources, variables of interest, and dimensions that the intervention can achieve. Thus, assessing the scope of a public health intervention from a multidimensional perspective through the time series approach can help guide the development of more effective interventions in the public health response. In this context, this thesis presents a framework for the multidimensional evaluation of public health interventions, exploring variables of interest that are possibly impacted by interventions. This framework is supported by a software called Hermes, responsible for processing the data in a complete lifecycle and showing its results in a visual dashboard that allows decision makers to assess the effect over time before and after campaigns and analyze possible correlations between variables of interest. To understand the current state of the art and guide research in this domain, we conducted a systematic literature review that explores the use of information technology approaches to analyze the impact of public health campaigns. This study summarizes variables of interest, campaign data, techniques, and tools used to evaluate public health interventions. We also conducted an analytical study to evaluate a health intervention launched in Brazil named “Sífilis Não!”. This study describes the analyzed data extracted from seven data sources between 2015 and 2019, grouped into four dimensions: campaign, communication, education, and epidemiological surveillance. Hermes processed and transformed the data using a time series approach, following the proposed multidimensional analysis framework. In addition, two other studies were conducted exploring data from the “Syphilis No!” project, using different approaches and variables of interest. The joint analysis of these data allowed a better understanding of the project’s scope and the impacted variables of interest. Finally, we also analyzed epidemiological and communication data on hepatitis in Brazil to carry out a case study using the proposed framework, outside syphilis. The results of our thesis contribute to enabling a more comprehensive assessment of the scope of public health interventions and thus enabling policymakers to re-examine awareness-raising strategies developed to alert people to health care and behavioral changes, as well as better direct the use of resources more effectively.