Performance of CuO/In2O3 multilayer thin films in the photocatalytic degradation of dyes in solution under solar irradiation
multilayer thin films; In2O3; CuO; heterogeneous photocatalysis; Sol-gel dipcoating.
The contamination of water resources by industrial organic dyes demands the development of sustainable remediation technologies, such as solar photocatalysis. To overcome the rapid charge recombination of isolated semiconductors, the coupling of oxides into immobilized heterostructures presents a viable alternative. This study addresses the synthesis and evaluation of nanostructured CuO/In2O3 multilayer thin films, aiming at their application in the photodecolorization of organic dyes for effluent purification and environmental remediation. The films were produced from copper(II) and indium(III) nitrate precursor resins using the polymeric precursor method (Pechini) and deposited onto glass substrates via dip-coating. The fabrication process involved multiple steps of deposition, drying, and controlled thermal treatments for the crystallization of the desired phases. The characterization of the films included: X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurements, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (Mott-Schottky), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy, and phytotoxicity assays, utilized to attest the safety and viability of the effluent for reuse. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dyes, as well as their mixture, under solar irradiation. The results highlighted the performance of the CIC5 film, which achieved approximately 88% decolorization of the MB dye within 120 minutes. Furthermore, the reusability of the films across multiple cycles demonstrated the retention of the initial photocatalytic efficiency under solar irradiation.