THIRD PLACE AND INTERCULTURAL MEDIATION OF TEXTBOOKS IN PLE TEACHING-LEARNING
Intercultural mediation. Didactic books. Third place. Portuguese as a foreign language
Third place and intercultural mediation are fundamental concepts in language teaching and learning, given the inseparability between language and culture (Mattoso, 2004), the need to develop Intercultural Communicative Competence (Byram, 1997) of learners and the importance of interaction in the acquisition process (Allwright, 1984). In this research, we turn our attention and observation to the role that Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PFL) textbooks play (and can play) in the establishment of intercultural relationships and in the reduction of distances between cultures, favoring values such as empathy and enabling cultural relativism. In this sense, we proceeded, by means of a methodological instrument of our own nature, to the assessment of the Intercultural Mediation Level (IML), consisting of nine categories of analysis (1. adopted foreign language teaching method; 2. adopted communicative method; 3. relevance of culture; 4. perception of the self and the other; 5. operability of savoirs; 6. intercultural sensitivity; 7. affective filter maintenance; 8. authenticity; and 9. interactivity) of the textbooks that make up our research corpus: ClicaBrasil (2019); and Plural – português pluricêntrico (2021). Our theoretical contribution is constituted by Kramsch (1993; 1998; 2017); Bhabha (1996; 1998; 2006); Mattoso (2004); Bosi (1992); Peterson (2004); Risager (2005); Agar (1994; 2002; 2006); Hofstede (1991); Byram (1997); Larsen-Freeman (2000); Bennett (2013); Tomlinson (2011); Richards (2001); Herder (2007); Walsh (2009; 2010); Torremorell (2008); Hadley (2001); Hymes (1972); Chomsky (1965); Savignon (1972; 1976; 1983); Canale; Swain (1983); Bachman (1990); Krashen (1982; 2009); Richards; Rodgers (1986); Widdowson (2005); Breen; Candlin (1980); Oliveira (2014); Liddicoat (2014); Corbett (2003); Littlewood (1981); Nunan (2015); Long (1981); Pica (1996); Meyer (2002; 2013); and Almeida Filho (2009; 2011; 2015); among others. We verified that there is a substantial gap between what is proposed by the authors of the textbooks in terms of methodology adopted and the treatment of culture and what is effectively implemented in the textbook, noting that the level of intercultural mediation of these materials is reduced, as they generally do not build a bridge between the mother-languaculture and the target-languaculture.